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Volume 20, Number 1: July 2007 1 VOLUME TWENTY JULY 2007 NUMBER ONE

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Volume 20, Number 1: July 2007 1 VOLUME TWENTY JULY 2007 NUMBER ONE VOLUME TWENTY JULY 2007 NUMBER ONE ANNOUNCEMENTS Counting down the days before the biggest international & scientific lobster party ever held in Canada! If you haven't registered for the upcoming 8th International Conference & Workshop on Lobster Biology & Management being held at the Delta Prince Edward in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island Canada on September 23-28, 2007, don't worry; you still have time! Come spend a week with us on Canada's beautiful island province, Prince Edward Island. The ICWL promises to be a unique opportunity for fishery managers and scientists from all over the world to learn about the latest advances in “lobster science” while networking with their international peers and establish research and other project collaborations. Come experience some great Prince Edward Island down home hospitality! Prince Edward Island is world-renowned for the distinctive flavour and high quality of its seafood including lobster, clams or the Malpeque oysters and PEI blue mussels that are indigenous to the Island and synonymous with the highest quality. With over 230 abstracts accepted, a special day dedicated To register or get more information, to industry, and the keynote address featuring one of visit the ICWL website: Canada's most esteemed lobster scientists, Dr. Peter www.lobsterscience.ca/conference Lawton, the ICWL technical program will leave you wanting more. A special Symposium on Lobster Behavior will occur Monday morning, September 24th, to honor and recognize the contributions of Professor William Herrnkind to the scientific community. Subsequently, there will be two contributed paper sessions on lobster behavior on Monday afternoon. You will not want to miss the ICWL closing dinner as it will be showcasing some of the best PEI artists in a kitchen party atmosphere along with a special appearance from Trevor Corson, author of The Secret Life of Lobsters. A social program that features excursion such as "Tails & Trails," the "Lobster Supreme Cruise" or a round of golf at the "Links at Crowbush Cove" -one of Canada's best courses with best scenery and best condition- are all additional reasons to attend what will definitely be a memorable world-class event. We hope you will join us as we shed new light on the sea's deepest secrets. Don't miss the boat. The Lobster Newsletter - Volume 20, Number 1: July 2007 1 VOLUME TWENTY JULY 2007 NUMBER ONE The Lobster Newsletter - Volume 20, Number 1: July 2007 2 VOLUME TWENTY JULY 2007 NUMBER ONE The Lobster Newsletter - Volume 20, Number 1: July 2007 3 VOLUME TWENTY JULY 2007 NUMBER ONE Lobster Behavior Symposium Honoring Professor Herrnkind at the 8th International Lobster Conference and Workshop From: Mark Butler A special symposium on Lobster Behavior honoring the illustrious career of Professor William Herrnkind, who retired in May 2007, will be convened as part of the 8th International Lobster Conference and Workshop, to be held September 23 - 28, 2007 on Prince Edward Island, CANADA (see http://www.lobsterscience.ca/conference/ for details). The one-day symposium begins with a morning session of invited presentations followed by contributed presentations on lobster behavior in the afternoon. Professor J. Stanley Cobb begins the morning session with a presentation highlighting Professor Herrnkind’s scientific accomplishments, most notably in spiny lobster behavior and ecology. The session continues with a series of talks by Professors Win Watson, Jella Atema, Mark Butler, and Dr. Michael Childress who will both review and provide new evidence for the importance of behavior in directing lobster navigation, physiology, ecology, and evolution. The morning session will conclude with Professor Herrnkind’s presentation: “To Lobsters and Beyond: Life-forms as Complex and Sophisticated as Those of Fur, Feather, and Scale”. investigated mechanisms of antipredation in spiny lobster Panulirus argus in the open during the day, RESEARCH NEWS at night, and while sheltering diurnally in natural dens. We also examined the function of putatively defensive acoustic signals produced by P. argus Aspects of antipredation in during diurnal attacks by piscine predators and Panulirus argus and P. guttatus: while escaping octopuses at night. We also compared and contrasted the mechanism and behavior, morphology, and survival value of antipredator behavior and ontogeny morphology between sympatric Panulirus argus and Panulirus guttatus. Finally, we investigated From:: Peter Bouwman and William ontogenetic changes in defensive behavior by Herrnkind diurnally sheltered P. argus to chemically- mediated predator cues. Spiny lobsters have conquered tropical, Nearly 40 species of spiny lobsters produce a subtropical, and temperate coastal waters around characteristic sound (termed stridulation), the globe despite strong predation pressure. The speculated to deter predation. The occurrence and mechanisms and function of antipredation efficacy of stridulation has not been documented strategies for most species in this highly successful quantitatively during encounters with natural taxon, encompassing behavior, morphology, and predators. We examined sound production in the life history characteristics, are poorly understood, sympatric spiny lobsters P. argus and P. guttatus particularly against natural predators. We The Lobster Newsletter - Volume 20, Number 1: July 2007 4 VOLUME TWENTY JULY 2007 NUMBER ONE during attacks by their common predator, gray grasping of the carapace or other disturbance by triggerfish Balistes capriscus, to determine if human captors. Additionally, stridulation lobsters produce sound during defense, how accompanies tailflip escape attempts during stridulation integrates with behavioral and attacks by triggerfish. Although sound morphological defenses, and how interspecific production during daytime attacks doesn’t appear differences in sound production relate to efficacy to increase survival against triggerfish, in repelling predators. Both lobster species stridulating during escape may be more effective stridulated coincident with specific defensive against grasping predators like octopus. We actions during triggerfish attack. In P. argus, investigated P. argus defensive behavior during stridulation occurred both during antennal nighttime encounters with Caribbean reef octopus lunging and during escape attempts (rapid retreat Octopus briareus to determine whether P. argus by tailflips). Panulirus guttatus stridulated only stridulate during octopus attacks, how stridulation coincident with tailflips and did not lunge. Same- is used along with other defensive behavior (e.g. sized individuals of P. guttatus were subdued ~3 tailflips), and whether sound production improves times more quickly on average than P. argus. The survival in stridulating individuals. Lobsters two species differed also in the relative size of the stridulate both during grasping attacks by octopus primary defensive weapons, the spinose 2nd and during escape attempts after being captured. antennae, which were far more robust in P. argus, Stridulating lobsters are also more likely to escape particularly at larger body sizes. These results from attacking octopuses and remain uncaptured suggest that stridulation is an integral component longer during encounters. We suggest that of aggressive defense and escape behavior in improving the efficacy of tailflip escapes against spiny lobsters. octopus may have been the function for which the stridulating organ initially evolved in the The timing of sound production during Stridentes clade of the Palinuridae. aggressive, retaliatory defensive behavior (lunging) by P. argus suggests an aposematic role Benthic stages of P. argus reside in shelters during for stridulation against triggerfish. Using staged the day as a primary means of antipredation. encounters of P. argus with B. capriscus, we However, when an active predator approaches examined whether stridulation, coincident with and/or successfully attacks a nearby conspecific, thrusting spines during aggressive defense, these individuals must decide whether to emigrate functions aposematically or simply renders a quickly from the area or remain in shelter (dens or defending lobster more difficult to subdue macroalgae) and rely on crypticity, defensive without playing an aposematic role. We behavior, or the presence conspecifics to avoid demonstrated, by disabling the stridulating organ attack, injury, or death. In the final portion of this in some lobsters (muting), that sound plays a vital research, we examined how the three benthic role in defense against inexperienced (naïve) juvenile phases of Caribbean spiny lobster P. argus triggerfish, resulting in fewer successful attacks in respond to exposure to fresh conspecific body subsequent encounters. Choice experiments with fluid and how antipredator behavior, particularly triggerfish, which previously bypassed defenses the decision to stay or leave the area, changes and consumed lobsters, show that experienced during ontogeny. Additionally, I examined how attackers do not choose muted lobsters over the presence of conspecifics affects the decision to stridulating individuals. We propose that stay or leave in gregarious juvenile stages of P. stridulation by P. argus against triggerfish is argus . Although all size classes of P. argus respond aposematic, as part of a multi-modal display, to alarm odor, the decision to stay or leave dens advertising the lobster’s spiny defenses to changes unexpectedly with increasing body size predators. and in the
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