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Condition of Resources of the Burdekin Dry Tropics Coastal Region

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Condition of Resources of the Burdekin Dry Tropics Coastal Region Condition of resources of the Burdekin Dry Tropics coastal region 1 Condition of resources of the Burdekin Dry Tropics coastal region Report on the Condition of Estuarine, Coastal and Marine Resources of the Burdekin Dry Tropics Region August 2005 Edited by: Scheltinga, D.M. and Heydon, L. Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management. Contributions from: Lana Heydon (Coastal CRC) David Scheltinga (Coastal CRC) Kumar Narayan (CSIRO Land and Water) Jan Tilden (Coastal CRC) Maria Vandergragt (Coastal CRC) Keith Bristow (CSIRO Land and Water) This document was commissioned by the Burdekin Dry Tropics Board. For copies please contact: Burdekin Dry Tropics Board Level 2 St James Place 155-157 Denham Street Townsville QLD 4810 Ph: 07 47243544 Fax: 07 47243577 Email: [email protected] http://www.burdekindrytropics.org.au OR Coastal CRC 80 Meiers Rd Indooroopilly QLD 4068 Ph: 07 3362 9399 www.coastal.crc.org.au While every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of this publication, the Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management and CSIRO Land and Water disclaims all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) and costs which might incur as a result of the materials in this publication being inaccurate or incomplete in any way and for any reason. 2 Condition of resources of the Burdekin Dry Tropics coastal region Table of Contents List of Maps............................................................................................................................. 5 1 Executive Summary......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Ecosystems of the Burdekin Dry Tropics Coastal Region ..................................... 7 1.2 Fauna and Flora of the Burdekin Dry Tropics Coastal Region .............................. 9 1.3 Water Quality and Flows within the Burdekin Dry Tropics Coastal Region ......... 11 1.4 Land-use Resources of the Burdekin Dry Tropics Coastal Region ..................... 12 2 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Planning for Natural Resource Management....................................................... 15 2.2 Project Scope ...................................................................................................... 16 2.3 The Coastal Zone – Assets and Pressures ......................................................... 16 3 The Region Defined ....................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Project Area......................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Climate................................................................................................................. 19 3.3 Major Hydrographic Influences............................................................................ 21 3.4 Early Settlement.................................................................................................. 21 3.5 Population............................................................................................................ 22 3.6 Employment......................................................................................................... 22 3.7 Services............................................................................................................... 23 3.8 Industrial and Urban Development ...................................................................... 23 3.9 Resource Assets..................................................................................................24 4 Resource Management.................................................................................................. 28 4.1 Integrating Existing Legislation, Policy, Strategies and Plans ............................. 28 4.2 Commonwealth and Queensland Government Acts............................................ 28 4.3 International Agreements Influencing NRM......................................................... 30 4.4 Commonwealth Initiatives.................................................................................... 30 4.5 State Policies, Plans and Strategies.................................................................... 31 4.6 Local Government Acts and Strategies ............................................................... 31 4.7 Industry Codes-of-Practice .................................................................................. 32 4.8 Regional Catchment Plans .................................................................................. 32 4.9 Property Management Plans and NRM Planning................................................ 32 4.10 Protection/Conservation Areas............................................................................ 33 4.11 Traditional Owner Land and Sea Use.................................................................. 39 5 Estuarine, Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Integrity – Assets, Condition and Trend ..... 40 5.1 Estuarine, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems........................................................ 40 5.1.1 Coastal Floodplains .................................................................................... 40 5.1.2 Saltmarsh and Saltpan ............................................................................... 43 5.1.3 Mangroves .................................................................................................. 46 5.1.4 Seagrass Meadows.................................................................................... 49 5.1.5 Macroalgal Beds......................................................................................... 54 5.1.6 Inter-tidal Mudflats...................................................................................... 56 5.1.7 Rocky Shores............................................................................................. 58 5.1.8 Beaches, Sandy Shoals and Dunes ........................................................... 60 5.1.9 Sub-tidal Sand/Mud Substrates .................................................................. 62 5.1.10 Reefs .......................................................................................................... 65 5.1.11 Islands ........................................................................................................ 70 5.1.12 Marine Waters............................................................................................ 74 3 Condition of resources of the Burdekin Dry Tropics coastal region 5.1.13 Estuaries..................................................................................................... 76 5.1.14 Wetlands..................................................................................................... 80 5.1.15 Riparian Vegetation.................................................................................... 83 5.2 Estuarine, Coastal and Marine Species............................................................... 86 5.2.1 Birds............................................................................................................ 86 5.2.2 Mammals .................................................................................................... 87 5.2.3 Reptiles....................................................................................................... 90 5.2.4 Fish ............................................................................................................. 92 5.2.5 Amphibians ................................................................................................. 95 5.2.6 Invertebrates............................................................................................... 97 5.2.7 Plants........................................................................................................ 102 5.3 Water Flow and Quality ..................................................................................... 104 5.3.1 Water Flow Regime .................................................................................. 104 5.3.2 In-stream Water Quality............................................................................ 107 5.3.3 Groundwater Quality................................................................................. 113 6 Land-use and Water Resources................................................................................... 117 6.1 Coastal Development........................................................................................ 117 6.2 Coastal Aquaculture.......................................................................................... 123 6.3 Maritime Industries ............................................................................................ 125 6.4 Fisheries (Commercial, Recreational and Traditional Owner) ........................... 128 6.5 Tourism.............................................................................................................. 131 6.6 Socio-economic Viability/Resource Sustainability ............................................. 135 7 Conclusion....................................................................................................................143 8 References ...................................................................................................................147 9 Glossary ......................................................................................................................
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