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Agrothereutes Hospes Tschek (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae)'In Galleria Mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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Agrothereutes Hospes Tschek (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae)'In Galleria Mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Türk. biyo. müc. derg., 2012, 3 (1): 3-12 ISSN 2146-0035 Orijinal araştırma (Original article) İçindekiler (Contents) Agrothereutes hospes Tschek (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae)’in Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) üstünde üreme ve yaşam Orijinal araştırmalar (Original articles) Sayfa (Page) çizelgesi parametreleri Agrothereutes hospes Tschek (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae)’in Galleria Nevin AKDURA 1, Yaşar AKSOYLAR 2, İsmail KARACA1, mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) üstünde üreme ve yaşam çizelgesi parametreleri 3 Fecundity and life table parameters of Agrothereutes hospes Tschek (Hymenoptera: Mehmet Salih ÖZGÖKÇE Ichneumonidae) on Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Nevin AKDURA, Yaşar AKSOYLAR, İsmail KARACA, M. Salih ÖZGÖKÇE……………… 3-12 Fecundity and life table parameters of Agrothereutes hospes Tschek Karanfil yaprakbükeni, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)’nın (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera, zeytin bahçelerindeki parazitoit ve predatörleri Pyralidae) Parasitoids and predators of Carnation tortrix, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in olive orchards Abstract: In this study, fecundity and life table of Agrothereutes hospes Tschek Gülay KAÇAR, M. Rifat ULUSOY……………………………………………………………… 13-20 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) on Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Bitki büyümesini teşvik eden kök bakterilerini kullanılarak asma uru hastalığı etmeni Pyralidae) were revealed at 25±4 ºC and 50±10 % RH under 12:12 hours light:dark Agrobacterium vitis’in biyolojik mücadelesi photoperiod laboratory conditions. At the study, intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.098 Biological control of grapewine crown gall disease agent Agrobacterium vitis by using plant females/female/day, net reproductive rate (Ro) 14.376 females/female, mean generation time growth promoting rhizobacteria (To), 26.908 days, gross reproductive rate (GRR) 19.090 females/female, the finite rate of Mustafa KÜSEK, Özden ÇINAR………………………………………........................................... 21-36 increase (λ) 1.104 females/day of A. hospes were found. While 80% of adults emerged in Coccinellid (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) species feeding on coccoids (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) first one month, developmental time, adult lifespan, preoviposition, oviposition and in Van Lake Basin, Turkey postoviposition periods were determined as 17.67, 21.40, 2.80, 15.60, 3.00 and 20.47 days, Van Gölü havzasında coccoid (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) avcısı coccinellid (Coleoptera: respectively Coccinellidae) türleri M Bora KAYDAN, Remzi ATLIHAN, Nedim UYGUN, Derya ŞENAL………………………… 37-46 Key words: Agrothereutes hospes, Galleria mellonella, biological control, life table, intrinsic rate of increase Fosfat çözen bakterilerin pamuk bitkisinin gelişimine ve Verticillium Solgunluğu’na etkileri Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria to growth of cotton plant and Verticillium wilt Ümit ÖZYILMAZ, Kemal BENLİOĞLU…..................................................................................... 47-62 Özet: Bu çalışmada Agrothereutes hospes Tschek (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae)’in Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) üstünde üremesi ve yaşam Parasitism of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) by Eretmocerus mundus çizelgesi 25±4 ºC sıcaklığa, % 50±10 bağıl neme ve 12 saatlik fotoperiyoda ayarlanmış Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on different crops ortam koşullarında ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Çalışmada A. hospes’in kalıtsal üreme yeteneği (r ) Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)’nin farklı kültür bitkilerinde Eretmocerus m mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) tarafından parazitlenmesi 0.098 dişi/dişi/gün, net üreme gücü (Ro) 14.376 dişi/dişi, ortalama döl süresi (To), 26.908 Amir Abdullahi Yousif MALIK, Kamil KARUT............................................................................. 63-68 gün, toplam üreme oranı (GRR) 19.090 dişi/dişi, artış oranı sınırı (λ) 1.104 dişi/gün olarak bulunmuştur. Erginlerin % 80’i ilk bir ay içinde meydana gelirken, gelişme süresi 17.67 Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde farklı habitatlarda bulunan Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) gün, ergin ömrü 21.40 gün, preovipozisyon 2.80 gün, ovipozisyon 15.60 gün, türleri postovipozisyon 3.00 gün ve döl süresi 20.47 gün olarak belirlenmiştir Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) species in different habitats at Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey Celalettin GÖZÜAÇIK, Abdurrahman YİĞİT, Nedim UYGUN……………………………… 69-88 Anahtar sözcükler: Agrothereutes hospes, Galleria mellonella, biolojik savaş, yaşam çizelgesi, kalıtsal üreme yeteneği Entomopatojen Fusarium subglutinans’ın bakla yaprakbiti, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) üzerine etkisi Efficiency of entomopathogenic fungus Fusarium subglutinans against Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Şerife Evrim ARICI, İbrahim GÜLMEZ, Hasan DEMİREKİN, Hatice ZAHMEKIRAN, İsmail KARACA…………………………………………………………………………………… 89-96 1Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Isparta 2Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Isparta ³Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Van Sorumlu yazar (Corresponding author) e-mail: [email protected] Alınış (Recieved): 19.11.2011 Kabul ediliş (Accepted): 30.04.2012 4 Agrothereutes hospes’in Galleria mellonella üstünde yaşam çizelgesi parametreleri Akdura et al. 5 Giriş Agrothereutes hospes’in yaşam çizelgesinin oluşturulması Yaşam çizelgesini oluşturmak amacı ile pupadan henüz çıkmış A. hospes’in Türkiye için yeni kayıt olan Agrothereutes hospes (Tschek.) (Hymenoptera, çiftleşmemiş dişileri, 1 dişiye 1-3 erkek birey olacak şekilde kafeslere alınmıştır. 15 Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) bazı lepidopterlerin doğal düşmanı olarak bilinmektedir tekerrür olarak hazırlanan her bir deneme kafesindeki parazitoidlere yumurtalarını (Townes et al. 1965; Schwarz & Shaw 1998). Güney Asya’da Chilo suppressalis bırakmaları ve yumurtalar açıldıktan sonra larvalarının gelişimlerini (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: sürdürebilmeleri için G. mellonella pupaları verilmiştir. Günlük olarak kafeslere Pyralidae), and Homona magnanima Diakonoff (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) gibi bazı bırakılan G. mellonella pupaları yenileriyle değiştirilmiş ve etiketlenerek iklim önemli zararlıların olgun larva, prepupa ve pupalarına saldıran soliter bir kabininde 3 litrelik cam kavanozlara aktarılmıştır. Bu pupalardan çıkan ergin ektoparazitoid olarak bildirilmektedir (Townes et al. 1965). Ayrıca Zyganeidae bireyler yaşam çizelgesi hesaplamalarında kullanılmak üzere eşey tayinleri (Lepidoptera) familyasına bağlı Zygaena carniolica (Scopoli), Zygaena yapılarak kaydedilmiştir. G. mellonella üretimleri 29±3 ºC sıcaklık, % 45±5 bağıl jilipendulae, Z. trifolii, ve Zygaena sp. pupaları üstünde bulunduğu kaydedilmiştir nem ve ışıksız ortamda yürütülmüş olup, yaşam çizelgesi denemeleri 25±4 ºC (Schwarz & Shaw 1998). sıcaklık, % 50±10 bağıl neme ve 12 saatlik fotoperiyoda ayarlanmış ortam Agrothereutes hospes ilk kez 1871 yılında Tschek tarafından Palearktik bölgede koşullarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. tanımlanmış (Yu & Horstmann 1997) olup içinde bulunduğu Cryptinae alt familyası türlerinin çoğu önemli bitki zararlısı türlerin parazitoidlerini içermektedir (Townes Verilerin analizi et al. 1965; Gauld & Bolton 1988). Agrothereutes cinsindeki türlerin bazıları da Yaşam çizelgesi parametreleri aşağıdaki şekilde hesaplanmıştır: hiperparazitoit olarak işlev görürler (Shiotsu & Arakawa 1982). Parazitoitler Yaşa özgü canlı kalma oranı (lx), her yaş aralığında canlı kalan dişilerin özellikle Hymenoptera ve Diptera takımının Tachinidae familyasında yaygın olup, başlangıçtaki sayılarına oranından elde edilmiştir. sadece Hymenoptera takımında 200.000’den fazla parazitoit türü bulunmaktadır Yaşa özgü doğurganlık (mx) (dişi/dişi/gün), her yaş aralığında bırakılan dişilerin (Vinson 1976). Önceki çalışmalarda A. hospes’in bazı taksonomik ve biyolojik oranı ortalama yumurta sayılarının eşey oranı ile çarpılmasıyla elde edilmiştir (Liu özellikleri saptanmış (Akdura 2003; Gürbüz et al. 2006) ancak bu türün biyolojik et al. 1997). mücadele etmeni olarak potansiyeline ilişkin bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Net üreme gücü (R0) (dişi/dişi) (Birch 1948; Izhevsky & Orlinsky 1988): Biyolojik mücadelenin gelişmesi ve etkinliğinin arttırılması ekosistem içinde ümitvar doğal düşmanların ortaya çıkarılması ve beslenme ağı içerisindeki rolünün (1) daha iyi anlaşılmasıyla hız kazanacaktır. Zararlılar kadar doğal düşmanlarının populasyon dinamiğinin iyi anlaşılması başarılı biyolojik mücadele çalışmalarının Kalıtsal üreme yeteneği (rm) (dişi/dişi/gün), Euler eşitliğinden tekrarlanarak geliştirilmesi için son derece önemlidir. Ele alınan bir populasyonun canlı kalma, hesaplanmıştır (Birch 1948): üreme ve gelişme zamanlarının tesbiti ile oluşturulan yaşam çizelgeleri, bir türün (2) populasyon dinamiğini anlamak için önemlidir (Southwood 1978). Bu çalışma ile A. hospes’in Galleria mellonella (L.) üstünde laboratuar koşullarında yaşam e = doğal logaritma tabanı çizelgesi oluşturularak yaşam çizelgesi parametreleri elde edilmiştir. x = dişi bireylerin yaşı (gün) Ortalama döl süresi (T0) (gün) (Birch 1948; Chazeau et al. 1991; Kairo & Materyal ve yöntem Murphy 1995): Agrothereutes hospes’in laboratuvarda üretimi Isparta ili, Kirazlıderede 1150 m’den (37°47'N/38°39'E) 2002 yılında elma (3) bahçelerindeki yabancıotlardan toplanarak laboratuvara
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