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Pobierz Pobierz 20 RADA NAUKOWA / SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL Oleksandr Bilash (Użhorodzki Uniwersytet Narodowy, Ukraina) Louis-Léon Christians (Katolicki Uniwersytet w Louvain /Louvain-la-Neuve/, Belgia) Gaetano Dammacco (Uniwersytet w Bari, Włochy) Antoni Dębiński (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II) Giorgio Feliciani (Wydział Prawa Kanonicznego Św. Piusa X w Wenecji, Włochy) Wojciech Góralski (Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie) Ignác Antonín Hrdina (Uniwersytet Karola w Pradze, Czechy) Józef Krukowski (Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie) Henryk Misztal (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II) Damián Němec (Uniwersytet Palackiego w Ołomuńcu, Czechy) Balázs Schanda (Katolicki Uniwersytet Pétera Pázmány'a w Budapeszcie, Węgry) Wacław Uruszczak (Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie) Vytautas Vaičiūnas (Uniwersytet Witolda Wielkiego w Kownie, Litwa) Krzysztof Warchałowski (Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie) ZESPÓŁ REDAKCYJNY/ EDITORIAL BOARD Piotr Stanisz - Redaktor naczelny (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II) Artur Mezglewski - Redaktor tematyczny (Uniwersytet Opolski) Aneta M. Abramowicz - Członek redakcji (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II) Marta Ordon - Sekretarz redakcji (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II) WSPÓŁREDAKTORZY TOMU/ CO-EDITORS OF THE ISSUE Philippe Poirier (Uniwersytet Luksemburski) Konstantinos Papastathis (Uniwersytet Luksemburski) REDAKTORZY JĘZYKOWI/ LANGUAGE EDITORS Daria Bębeniec (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej) Jadwiga Potrzeszcz (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II) Delaine R. Swenson (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II) Czasopismo recenzowane. Lista recenzentów współpracujących z redakcją podana jest na stronie internetowej czasopisma: www.kul.pl/spw Wersją pierwotną (referencyjną) czasopisma jest wersja drukowana 20/2017 Wydawnictwo KUL Lublin 2017 OPRACOWANIE REDAKCYJNE Marta Ordon OPRACOWANIE KOMPUTEROWE Teresa Myśliwiec OPRACOWANIE TECHNICZNE OKŁADKI Agnieszka Gawryszuk © Copyright by Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2017 ISSN 2081-8882 eISSN 2544-3003 Nakład 150 egz. Wersją pierwotną (referencyjną) czasopisma jest wersja drukowana ADRES REDAKCJI: Katedra Prawa Wyznaniowego Wydział Prawa, Prawa Kanonicznego i Administracji KUL Al. Racławickie 14/701 20-950 Lublin tel. (48) 81 445-37-01 e-mail: [email protected] strona internetowa czasopisma: www.kul.pl/spw Wydawnictwo KUL ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, tel. 81 740-93-40, fax 81 740-93-50 e-mail: [email protected], http:// wydawnictwo.kul.lublin.pl Druk i oprawa: volumina.pl Daniel Krzanowski ul. Ks. Witolda 7-9, 71-063 Szczecin, tel. 91 812 09 08, e-mail: [email protected] STUDIA TEMATYCZNE STUDIA Z PRAWA WYZNANIOWEGO Tom 20 – 2017 INTRODUCTION TO THE THEMATIC SECTION The present issue of Studia z Prawa Wyznaniowego (Studies in Law on Religion) contains a selection of articles presented at the confer- ence of the international scientific network EUREL (http://www.eurel. info/?lang=en) hosted by the Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Educations of the University of Luxembourg (September 29-30, 2016) on the topic of Governance and Religion. In particular, the articles are related to two major sub-fields of interest: a) Religion, Party Discourse, and Policy-Making; and b) Religion in Legislation and Law Enforcement. As regards the first sub-field, the focus is on the partial deconstruc- tion of the traditional party system in contemporary times and the subsequent alteration of the systemic interaction between the politi- cal actors and religious institutions. Taking into consideration that the religious communities have the potential to mobilise their members in politically influential ways and to ally themselves with political parties, which may advocate their agenda not solely on the basis of ideology, but also with regard to expected electoral effects, the articles aim: a) at identifying the representation of religious issues within the ideologi- cal structure of the various political actors; and b) at examining the influence of the religious organizations on policy making both at the national and the European level, putting special emphasis on the rise 6 INTRODUCTION TO THE THEMATIC SECTION of populist movements and their religious agendas. To this end, the articles elaborate on the impact of the parties’ religious discourse, as well as how religion influences party politics as a factor for reformulat- ing the parties’ cultural and moral agenda. In particular, Niki Papageorgiou examines the new politi- cal landscape in Greece after the election of the leftist Syriza party (January 2015), core ideological feature of which has been the separa- tion between Church and State. Chara Karagiannopoulou presents how the Greek Press narrates the (un)veiling debate that takes place in France and Turkey and questions whether the ideological orientation of the newspapers under discussion affects the presentation of the pro and (or) contra argumentation that it provides. Guillaume Silhol focus- es on the redefinition of Catholic Religious Education in Italian State schools from compulsory religious instruction into a non-compulsory discipline of “religious culture,” analysing how the issue was framed and negotiated by political, religious and educational actors between 1974 and 1984. Last, Mihai Murariu explores the discourse of the populist movement known as “Patriotic Europeans against the Islami- sation of the Occident” (PEGIDA), arguing that the group’s emergence is symptomatic of the accelerated disintegration of the political estab- lishment, and might be considered as a manifestation of a deepening commitment by European nativist factions, as well as a result of an increasing political polarisation. The second sub-field under discussion in this issue (Religion in Legislation and Law Enforcement) aims at tracing the religious as well as the anti-religious arguments in both legislative acts and case law. In particular, the articles explore: a) the interaction of religious commu- nities pursuing their interests in regard to legislation regulating their own position; b) the official involvement of religious communities in the enforcement of law; and c) the limitations of religious freedom. Within this framework, Tania Pagotto analyses the latest ECHR juris- prudence related to the «living together» issue, and investigates its significance in the light of the need of religious pluralism in the Europe- an States. Fabienne Bretscher elaborates on the field of public educa- tion in Switzerland, examining how decisions on Muslims’ complaints alleging an unjustified restriction of their religious practices are influ- INTRODUCTION TO THE THEMATIC SECTION 7 enced by the political environment. Last but not least, Claire Aguilon elaborates on the concept of religious freedom and its direct impact on regulating the operation of the religious sphere. The EUREL Conference held in the University of Luxembourg within the context of the Internal Research Project 2015, entitled Party Politics and Religion in the European Union, and the financial support of the Government of Luxembourg (Ministère d’Etat), brought new evidence in relation to the analysis of the influence of religion within the social space, both in terms of law as well as of politics. We are grate- ful to all the participants, the conference committee and Luxembourg University, as well as the journal editors for accepting the articles for publication. Prof. Philippe Poirier (University of Luxembourg) Dr. Konstantinos Papastathis (University of Luxembourg) STUDIA TEMATYCZNE STUDIA Z PRAWA WYZNANIOWEGO Tom 20 – 2017 TANIA PAGOTTO* THE “LIVING TOGETHER” ARGUMENT IN THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS CASE-LAW 1. THE QUESTION OF RELIGIOUS MINORITY RIGHTS IN EUROPE The number of decisions upholding legislative measures restricting the right to wear religious symbols is mushrooming in Europe. In 2017, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled on the case of Achbi- ta v. G4S Secure Solutions.1 It held that the internal rule of a private company prohibiting the visible wearing of any political, philosophi- cal or religious sign in the workplace, specifically the Islamic heads- carf, did not constitute direct discrimination based on religion or belief according to EU antidiscrimination law.2 It was found, however, that it could constitute a form of indirect discrimination, which may only be objectively justified by the legitimate aim of the neutrality of the * PhD Candidate in Law, Market and Person, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Dorso- duro 3246, 30123 Venezia (Italy); Doctoral Fellow (2018), Department of Ethics, Law and Politics, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Hermann- Föge-Weg 11, 37073 Göttingen (Germany), e-mail: [email protected] 1 Samira Achbita, Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismebestrijding v. G4S Secure Solutions NV, No. C-157/15 (EUCJ, 2017); Asma Bougnaoui, Association de défense des droits de l’homme (ADDH) v. Micropole SA, No. C-188/15 (EUCJ, 2017). 2 Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000. 10 TANIA PAGOTTO business, provided that the means of achieving that aim are appropriate and necessary.3 On the other hand, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has reverted to the question of religious symbols covering the face in public spaces (burqa and niqab), adjudicating two cases involv- ing the Belgian ban: it upheld the national legislative measures, appeal- ing for the second time in its
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