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MARGINAL NOTES Hon. Frank S. Miller Ministry of Minister LOCATION: , Ingram, Pense, Armstrong, Hilliard, Natural and Townships are in the District of Timiskaming Dr. J. K. Reynolds between Latitudes 47049© and 470 51© North and Longitudes Resources Deputy Minister 790 31© and 790 53© West. and Earlton are the prin cipal communities, and in addition there are several smaller Ontario communities, e.g., at the southern boundary of the ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY map-area, and Tomstown, Hilliardton, and Heaslip within the map-area. PRELIMINARY MAP R 1224 Excellent access is provided to all but the northeastern part GEOLOGICAL SERIES of Pense Township: by highways 11, 571, 562, 640, and 569, by the Ontario Northland Railway main line and the spur line from Earlton junction towards Elk Lake, by lot and conces HILLIARD TOWNSHIP sion line roads in the townships, all of which are subdivided, by the Englehart and Blanche Rivers. and DISTRICT OF TIMISKAMING

Scale: 1:15,840 or 1 inch to Vi mile

NTS Reference: 31M/12E, 13E ODM-GSC Aeromagnetic Map: 514G, 515G, 1493G, 1494G MINERAL EXPLORATION: Because of the extensive cover ODM Geological Compilation Map: 2205 of soil and flat-lying Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks over the Early Precambrian rocks, which are the most favourable OMNR-OGS1977 for metals other than the silver-cobalt assemblage, exploration Ingram Creek has been confined mainly to Pense Township, where most of Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Ontario Ministry of Natural the exposures of Early Precambrian rocks occur. Resources, Division of Mines, Geological Branch and the material is properly referenced. Exploration has been carried out on showings of silver, lead, and copper associated with Nipissing Diabase, particu larly in Ingram Township.

GENERAL GEOLOGY: Present in the map-area are rocks of Early Precambrian (Archean), Middle Precambrian, and Unit 11? Paleozoic ages. blue clay 90 The Early Precambrian rocks include: Pontiac-type meta- grvl 20 sedimentary schists and gneisses, Keewatin-type metavolcanics hpan,bldr 75 intruded by small bodies of granitic syenite and ultramafic rock, and one dike of Diabase (in Pense Town qsnd 95 ship). clay, grvl 100 The Middle Precambrian rocks consist of Cobalt Group sedimentary rocks and Nipissing "Diabase" complex intrusive rocks. Flat-lying Paleozoic rocks consisting of Ordovician and Silurian limestone, shale, and sandstone underlie the central part of the Englehart-Earlton area. The map-area is at the heart of the Little Clay Belt farm land, which has been developed mainly on silt and clay that wer3 deposited on the bottom of Pleistocene pro-glacial Lake about 10,300 and 8,700 years Barlow-Ojibway between brown clay 20 17.350.000 Before Present. blue clay 67 hpan 165 INDEX MAP Scale : l: 1,013,760 or l inch to 16 miles Imsn 122

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: The Englehart-Earlton area contains two main sets of faults, the northwest-striking Lake LEGEND Timiskaming Rift Valley faults (Lovell and Caine 1970) and clay 275 north-striking faults. The emplacement of a Matachewan hpan 22 Diabase dike in Pense Township, concession III, lot 10 may grvl 3 HitlicNrdton have been controlled by a fault of the latter set. P O Most of the farmland is contained in down-dropped rift © grey Till, varved clay, sand, gravel, peat blocks bounded by the Lake Timiskaming West Shore Fault bldr,grvl,hp Zone and the Blanche River Fault Zone. grvl UNCONFORMITY Part of the course of Evanturel Creek and part of the Englehart River flow north along a distinct set of lineaments PALEOZOIC roughly parallel to the Onaping-Matachewan Diabase faults. SILURIAN (LOWER AND MIDDLE) These lineaments probably mark the extension of the fault Thornloe (Clinton) Formation zone under the Munro Esker near . Englehart©s ble 13 Limestone, dolostone, sandstone municipal water supply is derived from wells in the fault zone, hpan Wabi Formation and Earlton©s wells are less than 2.5 km (1Y2 miles) east of . grvl the fault zone. 12 Limestone, shale

The Early Precambrian rocks (in Pense and Brethour DISCONFORMITY OR PARACONFORMITY Township) dip steeply and are generally wrapped around ORDOVICIAN (MIDDLE AND UPPER) the nose of the (domical) granitic batholith to the east in the adjoining part of Quebec province. grey clay 260 LISKEARD GROUP hpan 4 The Middle Precambrian rocks are essentially flat-lying grvl 1 Dawson Point, Farr, Bucke, Guigues Formations except at the edges of* basins, or where rendered plastic by 11 11 Limestone, shale, sandstone adjacent Nipissing Diabase intrusions, or in minor dragfolds no o/c along faults. grey clay 141 UNCONFORMITY The gently westward dipping Paleozoic rocks are largely bldr,hpan 19 PRECAMBRIAN covered by muskeg, particularly in Armstrong. q rv l 1 LATE PRECAMBRIAN MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (KEWEENAWAN)

10 10 Augite and olivine diabase MIDDLE PRECAMBRIAN grey clay 225 MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (NIPISSING) ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: The only major mineral production 9 Unsubdivided has been of sand, gravel, and limestone used for road fill and blue clay\ 120 9a Transition rock (varied texture diabase),minor granophyre and aplite 225 other types of construction material. hpan,bldr \ 30 8a Quartz diabase (diorite) Imsn 100 bldr,hpan\19 8b Hypersthene diabase (including norite) Judging from present indications, the best exploration grvl 1 potential for base metals is in the minor felsic metavolcanics INTRUSIVE CONTACT and interbedded carbonaceous (amorphous graphite) iron formation interbedded with the (Pontiac-type) metasedimen- grey clay 138 HURONIAN SUPERGROUP tary schists. In these rocks sulphide mineralization including sphalerite and chalcopyrite have been found in Pense Township. hpan,bldr 2 COBALT GROUP grvl 1 Gowganda Formation Occurrences of the silver-cobalt mineral assemblage have Firstbrook Member been found in the map-area, as in Ingram Township near 7 Argillite (boulders) Mallard Lake. These occurrences are in quartz-carbonate Coleman Member veins in the Nipissing Diabase, and some have a considerable variety of minerals present e.g., galena, sphalerite, and chalco 17,340,000 6a Conglomerate pyrite in addition to the typical silver-cobalt types. 6b Quartzitic arkose, greywacke 6c Argillite Limestone outcropping in the map-area as hills, such as the Silurian limestone ridges southeast and north of Earlton UNCONFORMITY and the hillside quarry on the escarpment west of Earlton airport, so far as is known are not of the Ordovician type, EARLY PRECAMBRIAN (ARCHEAN) that is metallurgically reactive and therefore useful in pulp MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (MATACHEWAN) mills and mine mills, and for neutralizing acidic tailings. Perhaps, however, the reactive Ordovician limestone underlies 5 j 5 Diabase INTRUSIVE ROCKS (ALGOMAN) some of the Silurian bedrock of the map-area. FELSIC For information on the properties see Division of Mines 4a Granitic rocks Miscellaneous Paper 69 by H.L. Lovell. 4b Syenite INTRUSIVE CONTACT

MAFIC TO ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (HAILEYBURIAN) AND POSSIBLE EXTRUSIVE

3a Serpentinite 3b Gabbro and diorite

Boissoneau, A.N. MAFIC AND INTERMEDIATE METAVOLCANICS (KEEWATIN) 1965: Algoma, Sudbury, Timiskaming, and Nipissing Surficial Geology; Ontario Dept. Lands and For 2a Mafic to intermediate tuff s and flows and chlorite schist ests, Map No. S465, scale 1 inch to 8 miles. Sur 2b Iron formation, magnetite cherty tuff, carbonaceous sulphide-bearing ficial Geology 1962 to 1963. schists and pyroclastics

Burrows, A.G., and Hopkins, P.E. UNCONFORMITY OR CONTACT METAMORPHIC ZONA TION 1922: Blanche River Area; Ontario Dept. Mines, Vol.31, METASEDIMENTS (PONTIAC) pt.3, 22p. Accompanied by Map 31 b. 1 Unsubdivided Card, K.D., Church, W.R., Franklin. J.M., Frarey, M.J., grey clay 160 1a Quartz-biotite schist, gneiss Robertson, J.A., West, G.F., and Young, G.M. hpan 3 1b Mica-quartz-feldspar slate, greywacke 1972: The Southern Province; p.335-380//? Variations in grvl 2 Tectonic Styles in Canada; Edited by R.A. Price and R.J.W. Douglas, Geol. Assoc. Canada, special paper no.11, 688p. GEOLOGICAL AND MINING SYMBOLS Chagnon,Jean, Y. Jointing; (horizontal, 1968: Quinze Lake-Barriere Lake Area, Temiscaminque Glacial striae. inclined, vertical). County; Quebec Dept. Natural Resources, Geol. Glacial fluting. Drumlin. Accompanied by 1 map, scale 1 O O* Drill hole; (vertical, inclined). Rept. 134, 101 p. Area of bedrock outcrop. inch to 1 mile or 1:63,360. Gravel pit. Bedding, top unknown; Hoffman, D.W., Wicklund, R.E., and Richards, N.R. (inclined, vertical). MA Magnetic attraction. 1955: Soil Survey of New Liskeard-Englehart Area; Rept. Bedding, top indicated by l ^ l Water well, bedrock No.21 of the Ontario Soil Survey, 90p. Accompan arrow; (inclined, vertical, © l intersected. ied by 1 map, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. overturned). Water well bedrock not Hriskevich, M.E. Schistosity; (horizontal, intersected. inclined, vertical). 1952: Petrology of the Nipissing Diabase Sheet of the Contour lines. Height above Cobalt Area of Ontario; unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Geological boundary, sea level in feet. Princeton University, New Jersey. MAGNETIC position interpreted. of the Nipissing Diabase Sill of the Co 1968: Petrology X \ Fault; (assumed). balt Area, Ontario, Canada; Geol. Soc. Amer. HIGH Bull., Vol.79, No.10, p.1387-1404. Hume, G.S. 17.330.000 1917: Paleozoic Rocks of Lake Timiskaming Area; Geol. METAL AND MINERAL REFERENCES Surv. Canada, Sum. Rept. for 1916, p.188-192. 1920: The Stratigraphy and Geologic Relations of the Ag ...... Silver hem ...... Hematite asb ...... Asbestos Paleozoic Outlier of Lake Timiskaming; Amer. J. mag ...... Magnetite red clay 10 bn ...... Bornite po ...... Pyrrhotite Sci., Ser.4, Vol.50, p.293, 309. blue clay 22 carb ...... Carbonate PV ...... Pyrite 1925: The Paleozoic Outlier of Lake Timiskaming, hpan,bldr 210 Co ...... Cobalt qcv ...... Quartz-carbonate vein Ontario and Quebec; Geol. Surv. Canada, Mem. \sha!e 48 cp...... Chalcopyrite qv...... Quartz vein 145,129p. Imsn 9 gf...... Graphite sp...... Sphalerite gn...... Galena Jambor, J.L. 1971a: The Nipissing Diabase; Geol. Surv. Canada, pre print, 66p. 1971b: Spotted Chloritic Alteration; Geol. Surv. Canada, WATER WELL ABBREVIATIONS preprint, 66p. (in feet) 1971c: Geology of the Cobalt-Gowganda Region, Geol. bldr ...... Boulder ...... Hard pan Surv. Canada, preprint, 32p. hpan. cgl ...... Conglomerate Imsn ...... Limestone 1971d: Origin of the Silver Veins of the Cobalt-Gowganda csnd ...... Coarse-grained sand msnd...... Medium-grained sand Region; Geol. Surv. Canada, preprint, 15p. red clay 11 fsnd ...... Fine-grained sand qsnd ...... Quicksand 1971e: Distribution of Some Minor Elements in the blue clay 39 grvl...... Gravel snds ...... , ...... Sandstone Nipissing Diabase of the Cobalt-Gowganda Reigon; hpo.n,tldrO 57 Geol. Surv. Canada, preprint, 49p. ilmsn 1O4 1971f: The Nipissing Diabase; p.34-76 in The Silver- Arsenide Deposits of the Cobalt-Gowganda Region, PROPERTY LIST (for P.1220-P.1225) Ontario, The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol.11 pt 1 msnd,bldr 10 (now mostly Crown Land) 429p. msn 0B 43 Armstrong Township (P. 1223) Pense Township (P.1222) (6) Armstrong-Cummings Lovell, H.L., and Caine, T.W. (1) Belanger, P. hpan.bldr 83 Brethour Township (P.1225) (7) Canadian Nickel Company Limited 1970: Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley; Ontario Dept. (2) Brethour Tp. concession l lot 10 (8) Gereghty, G.J. and Waddell, L.A. Mines, MP39, 16p. ~~" Imsn 9 (3) Dominion Gulf Company (9) Hudson Bay Mines Limited, The (10) Johnston, R.F. Lovell, H.L., and Frey, E.D. Ingram Township (P.1221) grey clay 7 red clay 6 CoiAttsvi (4) Marshall, F.D. and Marshall, J.A. (11) Wabi River Mining Syndicate 1976: Geology of the New Liskeard Area, District of blue clay 48 (5) Peerless Canadian Explorations Ltd. Timiskaming; Ontario Div. Mines, GR 144, 34p. grvl 15 hpan,grvl 64 Accompanied by Maps 2300 and 2301, scale 1 Imsn 5 inch to 14 mile (1:31,680). shale 16 SOURCES OF INFORMATION Ontario Water Resources Commission sn 8 1972: Water Well Records for Ontario, Northern Area; Geology by H.L. Lovell, 1972. Geology is not tied to surveyed lines. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Water Re Assessment work and additional reports on file at Kirkland Lake Resident Geologist©s office. sources Bull. 2-9, 617p. Base-maps derived from maps of the Forest Resources Inventory, Division of Lands, Ministry of Natural Resources, with modifications by H.L. Lovell. Petruk, William Topography transferred from Natural Topographic Series areas 31M/13W, 31M/13E, 1968: The Ore Deposits of the Cobalt-Gowganda Area 31M;i2W,and31Myi2E. Water well data from the Ontario Water Resources Commission (Ministry of the Environ in Ontario; Canada Dept. Energy, Mines and HA©RLEY TP., ment), 1972. Resources, MS PP 68-38, 45p. Burrows, A.G. and Hopkins, P.E., Blanche River Area, ODM Ann. Rept., Vol.31, Part 3, 1971: General Characteristics of the Deposits; p.77- 1922 and ODM Map 31b, 1922. 107 in The Silver-Arsenide Deposits of the Cobalt- Dominion Dept. of Agriculture, Map 21, Soil map of the New Liskeard-Englehart Area, Gowganda Region, Ontario, The Canadian Miner 1955. alogist, Vol.11, pt. 1, 429p. Magnetic declination, approximately 9000©W, 1975. of E.G. Pye, Director, Geological Branch, Division Thomson, Robert This map is published with the permission of Mines, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1957: Cobalt Camp, p.377-388 in Structural Geology of Canadian Ore Deposits, Sixth Comrnonwealth Issued 1977 Mining and Metallurgical Congress, Vol.2, CI M. Information from this publication may be quoted if crediris given to the Ontario Ministry 1965: Casey and Harris Townships; Ontario Dept. Mines of Natural Resources, Division of Mines, Geological Branch. It is recommended that refer G R 36, 77p. and 3 maps. ence to this map be made in the following form: 1968: Proterozoic Rocks Intersected by a 7,000-foot Drill Hole in Henwood Township, District of Lovell, H.L. District of Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey Prelim. Timiskaming; Ontario Dept. Mines OFR5019, 1977: Hilliard Township, Map P.1224, Geol. Ser., scale 1:15,840 or 1 inch to V* mile. Geology, 1972. 16p. plus core log from 7,000 to 7,662 feet. Metric Conversion Factor 1 foot = 0.3048 m.