DOCSLIB.ORG

Species Concepts in Cercospora: Spotting the Weeds Among the Roses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Species Concepts in Cercospora: Spotting the Weeds Among the Roses Species concepts in Cercospora: spotting the weeds among the roses Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Groenewald, J. Z., Nakashima, C., Nishikawa, J., Shin, H.-D., Park, J.-H., Jama, A. N., Groenewald, M., Braun, U. and Crous, P. W. (2012) Species concepts in Cercospora: spotting the weeds among the roses. Studies in mycology, 75. pp. 115- 170. ISSN 0166-0616 doi: https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0012 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/37288/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/sim0012 Publisher: Science Direct All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIEs IN MYCOLOGY 75: 115–170. Species concepts in Cercospora: spotting the weeds among the roses J.Z. Groenewald1*, C. Nakashima2, J. Nishikawa3, H.-D. Shin4, J.-H. Park4, A.N. Jama5, M. Groenewald1, U. Braun6, and P.W. Crous1, 7, 8 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514–8507, Japan; 3Kakegawa Research Center, Sakata Seed Co., 1743-2 Yoshioka, Kakegawa, Shizuoka 436-0115, Japan; 4Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; 5Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 326, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, UK; 6Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; 7Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; 8Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Johannes Z. Groenewald, [email protected] Abstract: The genus Cercospora contains numerous important plant pathogenic fungi from a diverse range of hosts. Most species of Cercospora are known only from their morphological characters in vivo. Although the genus contains more than 5 000 names, very few cultures and associated DNA sequence data are available. In this study, 360 Cercospora isolates, obtained from 161 host species, 49 host families and 39 countries, were used to compile a molecular phylogeny. Partial sequences were derived from the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA, actin, calmodulin, histone H3 and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes. The resulting phylogenetic clades were evaluated for application of existing species names and five novel species are introduced. Eleven species are epi-, lecto- or neotypified in this study. Although existing species names were available for several clades, it was not always possible to apply North American or European names to African or Asian strains and vice versa. Some species were found to be limited to a specific host genus, whereas others were isolated from a wide host range. No single locus was found to be the ideal DNA barcode gene for the genus, and species identification needs to be based on a combination of gene loci and morphological characters. Additional primers were developed to supplement those previously published for amplification of the loci used in this study. Key words: Cercospora apii complex, co-evolution, host jumping, host specificity, speciation. Taxonomic novelties: New species - Cercospora coniogrammes Crous & R.G. Shivas, Cercospora delaireae C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Cercospora euphorbiae-sieboldianae C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Cercospora pileicola C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, Cercospora vignigena C. Nakash., Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin. Typifications: epitypifications - Cercospora alchemillicola U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Cercospora althaeina Sacc., Cercospora armoraciae Sacc., Cercospora corchori Sawada, Cercospora mercurialis Pass., Cercospora olivascens Sacc., Cercospora violae Sacc.; neotypifications - Cercospora fagopyri N. Nakata & S. Takim., Cercospora sojina Hara. Published online: 26 September 2012; doi:10.3114/sim0012. Hard copy: June 2013. INTRODUCTION fruits and seeds or were associated with postharvest fruit rot disease (Silva & Pereira 2008) of hosts from across the world (Agrios 2005, Species of the genus Cercospora belong to one of the largest genera To-Anun et al. 2011). The cercosporoid fungi have also been used as of hyphomycetes and were often linked to the teleomorph genus biocontrol agents (Morris & Crous 1994, Inglis et al. 2001, Tessman Mycosphaerella (Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae; Stewart et al. et al. 2001). Species of Cercospora were traditionally named after the 1999, Crous et al. 2000). The genus Mycosphaerella was shown host from which they were isolated, even to the extent that a species to be polyphyletic (Crous et al. 2007), and subsequently split into of Cercospora was described as new when found on a different numerous genera, correlating with its different anamorph states host plant (Chupp 1954, Ellis 1971). The genus Cercospora was (Crous et al. 2009a, b). The genus Cercospora is now considered first erected by Fresenius for passalora-like fungi with pluriseptate a holomorphic genus in its own right, with some species exhibiting conidia (in Fuckel 1863). Chupp’s (1954) monograph accepted 1 419 the ability to form mycosphaerella-like teleomorphs (Corlett 1991, Cercospora species and proposed a broad concept for this genus Crous et al. 2004b). Mycosphaerella s. str. on the other hand, is based on whether hila were thickened or not, and whether conidia restricted to taxa that form Ramularia anamorphs (Verkley et al. were pigmented, single or in chains. The number of Cercospora 2004). As Mycosphaerella has been widely applied to more than 40 species doubled to more than 3 000 when Pollack (1987) published different genera, Crous et al. (2009b) expressed their preference her annotated list of Cercospora names. Since then a combination of to use the older, recently monographed (Braun 1998) anamorph- characters such as conidiomatal structure, mycelium, conidiophores, typified nameRamularia (1833) for this holomorphic clade, instead conidiogenous cells and conidia has been used to divide the genus of the younger, confused teleomorph-typified generic name into morphologically similar units. Crous & Braun (2003) used the Mycosphaerella (1884). This is allowed under the new, changed structure of conidiogenous loci and hila as well as the absence or Article 59 of the International Code for Nomenclature of algae, presence of pigmentation in conidiophores and conidia in their fungi, and plants (ICN) (Hawksworth 2011, Norvell 2011). revision of names published in Cercospora and Passalora. They Species of Cercospora are commonly associated with leaf spots recognised 659 names in the genus Cercospora, with a further 281 (Fig. 1), and have also been isolated from necrotic lesions of flowers, names referred to as C. apii s. lat. The C. apii complex represented Copyright CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Studies in Mycology For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. 115 GROENEWALD ET AL. Fig. 1. Foliar disease symptoms associated with Cercospora spp. A. C. achyranthis on Achyranthes japonica. B. C. dispori on Disporum viridescens. C. C. chinensis on Polygonatum humile. D. C. cf. flagellaris on Amaranthus patulus. E. C. capsici on Capsicum annuum. F. Cercospora sp. on Ajuga multiflora. G. Cercospora sp. on Cardamine leucanthe. H. C. cf. flagellaris on Celosia argentea var. cristata. I. C. zeina on Zea mays. J. C. beticola on Beta vulgaris. K. C. chrysanthemi on Chrysanthemum. L. C. apii on Apium. M. C. amoraciae on Rorippa indica. N. C. beticola on Chrysanthemum segetum. O. C. apiicola on Apium. P. C. ipomoeae on Persicaria thunbergii. Q. C. althaeina on Althaea rosea. R. C. zebrina on Trifolium repens. S. C. sojina on Glycine max. T. C. brunkii on Geranium nepalense. 116 SPECIEs CONCEPTs IN CERcOSPORA Cercospora species that were morphologically indistinguishable species (Groenewald et al. 2010a). For example, Goodwin et al. from C. apii (Ellis 1971, Crous & Braun 2003). In addition, Crous & (2001) found a mean of 1.27 sequence changes over 18 taxa Braun (2003) introduced the concept of “compound species” which from 11 Cercospora species, and Pretorius et al. (2003) found a consisted
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Species Concepts in Cercospora: Spotting the Weeds Among the Roses
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 75: 115–170. Species concepts in Cercospora: spotting the weeds among the roses J.Z. Groenewald1*, C. Nakashima2, J. Nishikawa3, H.-D. Shin4, J.-H. Park4, A.N. Jama5, M. Groenewald1, U. Braun6, and P.W. Crous1, 7, 8 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514–8507, Japan; 3Kakegawa Research Center, Sakata Seed Co., 1743-2 Yoshioka, Kakegawa, Shizuoka 436-0115, Japan; 4Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; 5Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 326, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, UK; 6Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; 7Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; 8Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Johannes Z. Groenewald, [email protected] Abstract: The genus Cercospora contains numerous important plant pathogenic fungi from a diverse range of hosts. Most species of Cercospora are known only from their morphological characters in vivo. Although the genus contains more than 5 000 names, very few cultures and associated DNA sequence data are available. In this study, 360 Cercospora isolates, obtained from 161 host species, 49 host families and 39 countries, were used to compile a molecular phylogeny. Partial sequences were derived from the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA, actin, calmodulin, histone H3 and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Anamorphic Fungi from North of Iran
    Original Article Mycologia Iranica 4(1): 49 – 59, 2017 DOI: 10.22043/MI.2017.115879 New records of anamorphic fungi from North of Iran N. Heydari pigmented conidiophores and pigmented ellipsoid- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of fusiform to obclavate-subcylindrical conidia (Crous & Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Braun 2003). Ramularia species are identified by having colorless structures, solitary to fasciculate M. Ghorbani conidiophores forming small to sporodochial fascicles Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, and solitary to catenate conidia with high University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran morphological variation and sexual morphs are belonging to the genus Mycosphaerella s. str. (Videira M. Salari et al. 2016). In the genus Pseudocladosporium, N. Panjehkeh conidiogenous cells forming as lateral protuberant M. Pirnia ✉ denticles on creeping hyphae. Conidia are Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of subcylindric, fusiform to ellipsoid-ovoid forming in Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran simple or often branched acropetal chains (Braun 1998). In recent years, increasing attempts to examine Abstract: Fungi associated with leaf spot symptoms cercosporoid and ramularioid fungi (Mycosphaer- of plants in forest areas of Golestan province, Iran, ellaceae) in Iran have been made (Pirnia et al. 2010, were collected and examined based on morphological 2012 a, b, c, d; Hessami et al. 2011, 2012; Khodaparast characteristics of conidiophores, conidia and et al. 2012; Bicharanlou et al. 2013 a, b, c; Pirnia, 2014; conidiogenous loci. Ten taxa were identified. Among Behrooz et al. 2015 a, b, 2017 a, b). Recently, Pirnia & the taxa, Passalora cf. bacilligera and Braun (2017) published a new species, Ramularia Pseudocladosporium hachijoens are new records for ranunculicola, and new records of the genus for the the mycobiota of Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Table S1 18Jan 2021
    Supplementary Table S1. Accurate scientific names of plant pathogenic fungi and secondary barcodes. Below is a list of the most important plant pathogenic fungi including Oomycetes with their accurate scientific names and synonyms. These scientific names include the results of the change to one scientific name for fungi. For additional information including plant hosts and localities worldwide as well as references consult the USDA-ARS U.S. National Fungus Collections (http://nt.ars- grin.gov/fungaldatabases/). Secondary barcodes, where available, are listed in superscript between round parentheses after generic names. The secondary barcodes listed here do not represent all known available loci for a given genus. Always consult recent literature for which primers and loci are required to resolve your species of interest. Also keep in mind that not all barcodes are available for all species of a genus and that not all species/genera listed below are known from sequence data. GENERA AND SPECIES NAME AND SYNONYMYS DISEASE SECONDARY BARCODES1 Kingdom Fungi Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Asterinales Asterinaceae Thyrinula(CHS-1, TEF1, TUB2) Thyrinula eucalypti (Cooke & Massee) H.J. Swart 1988 Target spot or corky spot of Eucalyptus Leptostromella eucalypti Cooke & Massee 1891 Thyrinula eucalyptina Petr. & Syd. 1924 Target spot or corky spot of Eucalyptus Lembosiopsis eucalyptina Petr. & Syd. 1924 Aulographum eucalypti Cooke & Massee 1889 Aulographina eucalypti (Cooke & Massee) Arx & E. Müll. 1960 Lembosiopsis australiensis Hansf. 1954 Botryosphaeriales Botryosphaeriaceae Botryosphaeria(TEF1, TUB2) Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not. 1863 Canker, stem blight, dieback, fruit rot on Fusicoccum Sphaeria dothidea Moug. 1823 diverse hosts Fusicoccum aesculi Corda 1829 Phyllosticta divergens Sacc. 1891 Sphaeria coronillae Desm.
    [Show full text]
  • Sizing up Septoria
    STUDIEs IN MYCOLOGY 75: 307–390. Sizing up Septoria W. Quaedvlieg1,2, G.J.M. Verkley1, H.-D. Shin3, R.W. Barreto4, A.C. Alfenas4, W.J. Swart5, J.Z. Groenewald1, and P.W. Crous1,2,6* 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; 3Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Microbiology, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands; 3Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea; 4Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36750 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 5Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; 6Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Pedro W. Crous, [email protected] Abstract: Septoria represents a genus of plant pathogenic fungi with a wide geographic distribution, commonly associated with leaf spots and stem cankers of a broad range of plant hosts. A major aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic generic limits of Septoria, Stagonospora, and other related genera such as Sphaerulina, Phaeosphaeria and Phaeoseptoria using sequences of the the partial 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA and RPB2 genes of a large set of isolates. Based on these results Septoria is shown to be a distinct genus in the Mycosphaerellaceae, which has mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs. Several septoria-like species are now accommodated in Sphaerulina, a genus previously linked to this complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Cercosporoid Fungi of Poland Monographiae Botanicae 105 Official Publication of the Polish Botanical Society
    Monographiae Botanicae 105 Urszula Świderska-Burek Cercosporoid fungi of Poland Monographiae Botanicae 105 Official publication of the Polish Botanical Society Urszula Świderska-Burek Cercosporoid fungi of Poland Wrocław 2015 Editor-in-Chief of the series Zygmunt Kącki, University of Wrocław, Poland Honorary Editor-in-Chief Krystyna Czyżewska, University of Łódź, Poland Chairman of the Editorial Council Jacek Herbich, University of Gdańsk, Poland Editorial Council Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo, University of Catania, Italy Jan Holeksa, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland Czesław Hołdyński, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Bogdan Jackowiak, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland Stefania Loster, Jagiellonian University, Poland Zbigniew Mirek, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland Valentina Neshataeva, Russian Botanical Society St. Petersburg, Russian Federation Vilém Pavlů, Grassland Research Station in Liberec, Czech Republic Agnieszka Anna Popiela, University of Szczecin, Poland Waldemar Żukowski, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland Editorial Secretary Marta Czarniecka, University of Wrocław, Poland Managing/Production Editor Piotr Otręba, Polish Botanical Society, Poland Deputy Managing Editor Mateusz Labudda, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland Reviewers of the volume Uwe Braun, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany Tomasz Majewski, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland Editorial office University of Wrocław Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Botany Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland tel.: +48 71 375 4084 email: [email protected] e-ISSN: 2392-2923 e-ISBN: 978-83-86292-52-3 p-ISSN: 0077-0655 p-ISBN: 978-83-86292-53-0 DOI: 10.5586/mb.2015.001 © The Author(s) 2015. This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 128–153
    Persoonia 29, 2012: 146–201 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158512X661589 Fungal Planet description sheets: 128–153 P.W. Crous1, R.G. Shivas2, M.J. Wingfield3, B.A. Summerell4, A.Y. Rossman5, J.L. Alves6, G.C. Adams7, R.W. Barreto6, A. Bell8, M.L. Coutinho9, S.L. Flory10, G. Gates11, K.R. Grice12, G.E.St.J. Hardy13, N.M. Kleczewski14, L. Lombard1, C.M.O. Longa15, G. Louis-Seize16, F. Macedo9, D.P. Mahoney8, G. Maresi17, P.M. Martin-Sanchez18, L. Marvanová19, A.M. Minnis20, L.N. Morgado21, M.E. Noordeloos21, A.J.L. Phillips22, W. Quaedvlieg1, P.G. Ryan23, C. Saiz-Jimenez18, K.A. Seifert16, W.J. Swart24, Y.P. Tan2, J.B. Tanney16, P.Q. Thu25, S.I.R. Videira1, D.M. Walker26, J.Z. Groenewald1 Key words Abstract Novel species of microfungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Catenulo­ stroma corymbiae from Corymbia, Devriesia stirlingiae from Stirlingia, Penidiella carpentariae from Carpentaria, ITS DNA barcodes Phaeococcomyces eucalypti from Eucalyptus, Phialophora livistonae from Livistona, Phyllosticta aristolochiicola LSU from Aristolochia, Clitopilus austroprunulus on sclerophyll forest litter of Eucalyptus regnans and Toxicocladosporium novel fungal species posoqueriae from Posoqueria. Several species are also described from South Africa, namely: Ceramothyrium podo­ systematics carpi from Podocarpus, Cercospora chrysanthemoides from Chrysanthemoides, Devriesia shakazului from Aloe, Penidiella drakensbergensis from Protea, Strelitziana cliviae from Clivia
    [Show full text]
  • Host Range, Geographical Distribution and Current Accepted Names of Cercosporoid and Ramularioid Species in Iran
    Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology) 9(1): 122–163 (2019) ISSN 2229-2225 www.creamjournal.org Article Doi 10.5943/cream/9/1/13 Host range, geographical distribution and current accepted names of cercosporoid and ramularioid species in Iran Pirnia M Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Pirnia M 2019 – Host range, geographical distribution and current accepted names of cercosporoid and ramularioid species in Iran. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology (Journal of Fungal Biology) 9(1), 122–163, Doi 10.5943/cream/9/1/13 Abstract Comprehensive up to date information of cercosporoid and ramularioid species of Iran is given with their hosts, geographical distribution and references. A total of 186 taxa belonging to 24 genara are listed. Among them, 134 taxa were belonged to 16 Cercospora and Cercospora-like genera viz. Cercospora (62 species), Cercosporidium (1 species), Clypeosphaerella (1 species), Fulvia (1 species), Graminopassalora (1 species), Neocercospora (1 species), Neocercosporidium (1 species), Nothopassalora (1 species), Paracercosporidium (1 species), Passalora (21 species), Pseudocercospora (36 species), Rosisphaerella (1 species), Scolecostigmina (2 species), Sirosporium (2 species), Sultanimyces (1 species) and Zasmidium (1 species); and 52 taxa were belonged to 8 Ramularia and Ramularia-like genera viz. Cercosporella (2 species), Microcyclosporella (1 species), Neoovularia (2 species), Neopseudocercosporella (1 species), Neoramularia (2 species), Ramularia (42 species), Ramulariopsis (1 species) and Ramulispora (1 species). Key words – anamorphic fungi – biodiversity – Cercospora-like genera – Ramularia-like genera – west of Asia Introduction Cercosporoid and ramularioid fungi are traditionally related to the genus Mycospharella Johanson. Sivanesan (1984) investigated teleomorph-anamorph connexions in bitunicate ascomycetes and cited that Mycosphaerella is related to some anamorphic genera viz.
    [Show full text]
  • ﺟﻠﺪ Volume 7(1), 2018
    Plant Pathology Science ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ Volume 7(1), 2018 ISSN:2251-9270 ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ، ﺟﻠﺪ 1، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰﻭ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ 1396 ﺷﺎﭘﺎ: 2251-9270 Contents ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ Title Page ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ 1- Important criteria for identification of the Cercospora species 1- ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔ ﻮ ﻧ ﻪ ﻫ ﺎ ﻱ Cercospora M. Bakhshi………………………………………….…………………….……………….……….….1 ﻣﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ...........................................................................................................................................................................1 2- Sooty canker of fruit trees in Iran 2- ﺷﺎﻧﻜﺮ ﺩ ﻭ ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ R. Dastjerdi, S. Nadi & S. Damyar……….………..……………………………………………….15 ﺭﻋﻨﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺠﺮﺩﻱ، ﺳﻮﻟﻤﺎﺯ ﻧﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻴﺎﺭ...........................................................................................................................15 3- Root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei 3- ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺯﺧﻢ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ Pratylenchus thornei E. Fatemi & H. Charehgani…………………………....…………………………………………...28 ﺍﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻪ ﭼﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﺎﻧﻲ........................................................................................................................................28 4- Olive quick decline syndrome disease 4- ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺯﻳﺘﻮﻥ M. Keshavarzi…………..…..……………………………………………………………………..….40 ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ..................................................................................................................................................................40 5- Mycoviruses application in biocontrol of fugal pathogens ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ، ﺟﻠﺪ 1
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Fungal Names
    INDEX OF FUNGAL NAMES Alternaria cerealis 187 Alternaria cetera 188–189 Alphabetical list of fungal species, genera and families treated in Alternaria chartarum 201 the Taxonomy sections of the included manuscripts. Alternaria chartarum f. stemphylioides 201 Alternaria cheiranthi 189 A Alternaria chlamydospora 190, 199 Alternaria chlamydosporigena 190 Acicuseptoria 376–377 Alternaria “chlamydosporum” 199 Acicuseptoria rumicis 376–377 Alternaria chrysanthemi 204 Allantozythia 384 Alternaria cichorii 200 Allewia 183 Alternaria cinerariae 202 Allewia eureka 193 Alternaria cinerea 207 Allewia proteae 193 Alternaria cirsinoxia 200 Alternaria 183, 186, 190, 193, 198, 207 Alternaria citriarbusti 187 Alternaria abundans 189 Alternaria citrimacularis 187 Alternaria acalyphicola 200 Alternaria colombiana 187 Alternaria agerati 200 Alternaria concatenata 201 Alternaria agripestis 200 Alternaria conjuncta 196 Alternaria allii 191 Alternaria conoidea 188 Alternaria alternantherae 185 Alternaria “consortiale” 204 Alternaria alternariae 206 Alternaria consortialis 204 Alternaria alternarina 195 Alternaria crassa 200 Alternaria cretica 200 Alternaria alternata 183, 185–186 Alternaria cucumerina 200 Alternaria anagallidis 200 Alternaria cucurbitae 204 Alternaria angustiovoidea 187 Alternaria cumini 193 Alternaria anigozanthi 193 Alternaria cyphomandrae 201 Alternaria aragakii 200 Alternaria danida 201 Alternaria araliae 199 Alternaria dauci 201 Alternaria arborescens 187, 201 Alternaria daucicaulis 196 Alternaria arbusti 195 Alternaria daucifollii 187
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising Plant Pathogen Communities and Their Environmental Drivers at a National Scale
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Characterising plant pathogen communities and their environmental drivers at a national scale A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Andreas Makiola Lincoln University, New Zealand 2019 General abstract Plant pathogens play a critical role for global food security, conservation of natural ecosystems and future resilience and sustainability of ecosystem services in general. Thus, it is crucial to understand the large-scale processes that shape plant pathogen communities. The recent drop in DNA sequencing costs offers, for the first time, the opportunity to study multiple plant pathogens simultaneously in their naturally occurring environment effectively at large scale. In this thesis, my aims were (1) to employ next-generation sequencing (NGS) based metabarcoding for the detection and identification of plant pathogens at the ecosystem scale in New Zealand, (2) to characterise plant pathogen communities, and (3) to determine the environmental drivers of these communities. First, I investigated the suitability of NGS for the detection, identification and quantification of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system.
    [Show full text]
  • Microfungi C.Cdr
    Contents Introduction . 7 The microfungi – an object of study . 8 Preliminary results . 8 The list of the fungal species . 9 Fungi . 11 Ascomycota . 11 Basidiomycota . 88 Blastocladiomycota . 103 Chytridiomycota . 103 Zygomycota . 104 Chromista . 106 Oomycota . 106 Protozoa . 114 Amoebozoa . 114 References . 127 Index of hosts and substrates . 133 Introduction 53 years ago, in 1966, the 4th Congress of European Mycologists was organized in Poland, during which trips to various regions of our country took place. One of the routes led to the Białowieża Forest (Anonymous 1968). At that time, in the first half of the 20th century, the fungal biota in the Białowieża Forest was known to a relatively small extent. The trip of European mycologists resulted in the discovery of many species previously unreported or rare in Poland. Moreover, on the basis of materials from the Białowieża Forest new species have been described. The intensive development of mycological research in the Forest began in the following years and resulted in another interesting findings. A few years ago, work began on a synthetic study on microfungi known from the Białowieża Forest. At present, the catalog of species is being completed. For the purposes of the present, 18th Congress, and wanting to bring closer the knowledge of this group, we have developed a simple list of species, including hosts and inhabited substrates. It com- prises 1667 species that have been reported in the mycological literature and identified in herbarial vouchers. The final part of the list is an index of hosts and substrates, that enables orientation in a number of species of fungi associated with each of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to Resolve Species in the <I>Teratosphaeriaceae</I>
    Persoonia 33, 2014: 1–40 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158514X681981 Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae W. Quaedvlieg1, M. Binder1, J.Z. Groenewald1, B.A. Summerell2, A.J. Carnegie3, T.I. Burgess4, P.W. Crous1,5,6 Key words Abstract The Teratosphaeriaceae represents a recently established family that includes numerous saprobic, extremophilic, human opportunistic, and plant pathogenic fungi. Partial DNA sequence data of the 28S rRNA and Eucalyptus RPB2 genes strongly support a separation of the Mycosphaerellaceae from the Teratosphaeriaceae, and also pro- multi-locus vide support for the Extremaceae and Neodevriesiaceae, two novel families including many extremophilic fungi that phylogeny occur on a diversity of substrates. In addition, a multi-locus DNA sequence dataset was generated (ITS, LSU, Btub, species concepts Act, RPB2, EF-1α and Cal) to distinguish taxa in Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria associated with leaf disease taxonomy of Eucalyptus, leading to the introduction of 23 novel genera, five species and 48 new combinations. Species are distinguished based on a polyphasic approach, combining morphological, ecological and phylogenetic species con- cepts, named here as the Consolidated Species Concept (CSC). From the DNA sequence data generated, we show that each one of the five coding genes tested, reliably identify most of the species present in this dataset (except species of Pseudocercospora). The ITS gene serves as a primary barcode locus as it is easily generated and has the most extensive dataset available, while either Btub, EF-1α or RPB2 provide a useful secondary barcode locus.
    [Show full text]