Lachmann, Textkritische Methode

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Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Romanisches Seminar Proseminar I: Einführung in die Literaturwissenschaft Dozent: Marco Thomas Bosshard Referentinnen: Sophie Kallenbach, Ulrike Probst 28. April 2010 Editionsphilologie- Karl Lachmann und der Beginn der textkritischen Methode 1. Biographisches zu Karl Lachmann: - 4.3. 1793 Geburt Lachmanns als Sohn eines Pfarrers in Braunschweig - 1809-1814 Studium der Theologie und Philologie in Leipzig und Göttingen - 1814-1815 Promotion und Habilitation in Halle und Göttingen - Ende 1815 Kollaborator am Friedrich-Wederschen Gymnasium - 1816 Oberlehrerstelle am Königsberger Collegium Fridericaneum - 1818 Außerordentliche Professur an der dortigen Universität - 1837 Verleihung der Ehrendoktorwürde durch die Universität Göttingen - Seit 1830 Angehöriger der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften - 13. 3. 1851 Tod Lachmanns in Berlin 2. Wirken: - L. gilt als Vorreiter der wissenschaftlichen Textedition; stellte für die Herausgabe von Texten feste Normen auf - Methode nährt sich über die Analyse von Handschriften-Stammbäumen dem Urtext - L. wandte diese Methode nicht nur auf die klassische-, sondern auch auf die alt- und mittelhochdeutschen Literatur an o Beispiele: - „Betrachtungen über Homers Ilias“ - Arbeit am Nibelungenlied - Ausgaben von Hartmann von der Aue; Walther von der Vogelweide; Wolfram von Eschenbach 3. Die textkritische Methode Das Erstellen einer textkritischen Ausgabe bedeutet, dass überlieferungsbedingte Änderungen eines Textes möglichst vollständig im kritischen Apparat erkennbar gemacht werden. Für dieses Anliegen entwickelte Lachmann die textkritische Methode, die aus den folgenden Schritten besteht: 1. Recensio: Sammlung aller Überlieferungsträger des Textes, die dann in sorgfältiger und vergleichender Lektüre erfasst werden (Abhängigkeitsverhältnisse!); Erstellung eines Stemmas. 2. Examinatio : Überprüfung der „angebotenen“ Versionen • lectio difficilior, • Stimmen die zur Verfügung stehenden Versionen mit der Sprache, Stil und sonstigen Merkmalen des Autors überein?Von welcher Version ist eher zu erwarten, dass sie zu einer anderen verändert wurde? • Nicht immer muss die Version, die die Mehrheit der Textzeugen beinhalten, maßgeblich sein. 3. emendatio: Korrekturversuche des Editors. Beide Arbeitsschritte dienen der Wiederherstellung des ursprünglichen Wortlautes. → Kritische Ausgaben sind grundlegend für jede weitere Auseinandersetzung mit dem Text, da nur durch dem Leser die Möglichkeit gegeben ist, selbst zu entscheiden, welche Lesart des Textes ihm angemessen erscheint. Literaturverzeichnis: Blecua, Alberto: Manual de crítica textual, madrid 1983. Riemer,Oeter/ Weißenberger, Michael/ Zimmermann, Bernhard: Einführung in das Studium der Latinistik, München 2008. http://www.sammlungen.hu-berlin.de/dokumente/282/ (24. April 2010). http://www.bbkl.de/l/Lachmann_k.shtml (24.April 2010). .

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