1448 .CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 16 By Mr. SUTPHIN: 1128. By Mr. SCHAEFER of Illinois: Petition of the Fair H. R. 4216. A bill for the relief of Berthel Christopher; to mount Smelters. Workers, Local No. 82, International Union 'the Committee on Claims. of Mine, Mill, and Smelters Workers, Joseph V€rdu, secretary, By Mr. TIBBOTT: East St: Louis, Ill., opposing amendments to the National . H. R. 4217. A. bill for the relief of Joseph Kochinich; to Labor Relations Act; to the Committee on Labor. the Committee on Military Affairs. 1129. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Mitchell Carbide & Light Co., Kimball, S.Dak., petitioning consideration of their PETITIONS, ETC. resolution with reference to the Townsend plan; to the Com Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were mittee on Ways and Means. laid on the Clerk's desk and referred :as follows: 1130. Also, petition of certain citizens of Puerto Rico, peti 1115. By Mr. BREWSTER: Petition signed by 320 citizens tioning consideration of their resolution with reference to em of Orono, l\4aine, protesting against the discharge of citizens bargo; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. from Works Progress Administration projects; to the Com mittee on Ways and Means. 1116. By Mr. CARTER: Petition of the City Council of the SENATE City of Alameda, Calif., protesting against the enactment of THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1939 Senate Joint Resolution No. 24 rela:tive to the. ownership of The Chaplain, Rev. Z~Barney -T. Phillips, D. D., offered the tidelands in the State of California; to the Committee on the following prayer:· · -· · · Public Lands. 1117. Also, petition of the City Council of Richmond, Calif., Almighty and eternal God; with whom is no mutability or urging a continuation of an appropriation for Works Progress changing shade, no night or.winter, no.ebbing tide: We bow Administration and Public Works Administration work to before Thee at this morning hour, .knowing that we, the provide funds to meet the needs of the unemployed and to do children of time and sense, are stained by childish · faults the necessary work of public improvement; to t}:le Committee and petty sins, while Thy holiness and perfection transcend on Appropriations. _ _ all human thought. 1118. Also, Resolution No. 7 of the CalifQt:nia State Legis As· Thou hast' made us restless among the things we see, lature, memorializing the Congres~ to enact legislatioJ;l to longing for the higher things, we beseech Thee to forgive secure all aged citizens against want or poverty by means of whatever is amiss in these poor lives of ours; and do Thou a system of Federal old-age pensions; to the Committee pn teach us never to neglect the task of today because we can.. Ways and Means. not see its eternal effect, nor the little duties which are 1119. Also, petition of the City Council of the City of El training us for an ever greater stewardship. ~er_rito, Ga_lif ., urging the en~ctment ·of -legislation ~Q. provi.de May we always remember that this life of ours has .been funds to meet needs of the unemployed and to carry on divinely lived and that this ·robe of flesh and strange in the work of necessary public i.niprovements when' present firmity has been Thy ·garment to help us to live as sons of funds are exhausted~ to the Committee on Appropriations. 1120. By Mr. CASE of South Dakota:. Resoiution passed by God and to walk worthy of our vocation in· Christ Jesus ·our South Dakota Woman's. Temperance Union, of Rapid City, ~rd. Amen. S. Dak., petitioning· Congress to pass legislation to prevent THE. JOURNAL advertising of alcoholic beverages by press and radio; to the On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by unapunous cons~nt. Committee on Interstate and Foreign. doinmerce. · the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Monday, 1121. Also, House concurrent resolution passed by the February 13, 1939; was dispensed with; and the Journal -was South Dakota State Legislature, memorializing the Congress approved. to appropriate funds under Farm Forestry Acts; to the Com CALL OF THE ROLL mittee ·on Agriculture .. Mr. BARKLEY. ~suggest the absence ·of a qi.toru.rit'. . "1i22. Also, concurrent ·resolution passed by the Legislature The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the ron: of south Dakota, memorializing· the' Congress ·to enact such legislation that will enable our farmers · and stockmen· to be The Chief Clerk C8;.ll~d the· roll, and. the following Sena self-sustaining and able to repossess their homes -arid prop tors answered to th~ir names: erty; to the Committee on Agriculture. Adams Downey La Follette Schwartz Andrews Ellender Lee Schwellenbach 1123. Also, Concurrent Resolution No. 5 of the South Da Ashurst Frazier Lodge Sheppard kota Senate, memorializing Congress of the United States Austin ·George Logan · Shipstead to make the appropriation authorized in the Hayden-Cart Bailey · Gerry · Lucas Smathers Bankhead Gibson Lundeen Smith wright act for construction and maintenance ·of highways Barbour · Gillette McKellar Stewart within Indian reservations; to the Committee on Appropri- Barkley Glass McNary Thomas, Okla. Bilbo Green Maloney Thomas, Utah ations. . Bone Guffey Mead Tobey . 1124. By Mr. FULMER: Resolution submitted by T. H. Brown Gurney Mlller Townsend Cribb, manager, South Carolina Peach Growers' Association, Bulow Hale Min'ton Truman - Burlte Harrison Murray 1'Ydings Spartanburg, S. C., and the directors of the South Carolina Byrd Hatch Neely Vandenberg Peach Growers' Association assembled in a meeting in Spar Byrnes Hayden Norris VanNuys Capper Herring Nye wa·gner tanburg, S. C., on Saturday, February 11, 1939, at 11 o'clock Caraway Hill Overton Walsh a. m., requesting that they go on record as opposed to all Clark, Idaho Holman Pepper Wheeler punitive and discriminatory legislation, either State or Na Clark, Mo. Holt- Pittman ·· White Connally Hughes Radcliffe Wiley tional, that will tend to reduce our incomes and add to the Danaher Johnson, Calif. Reed consum~r's food costs by -taking away any system of food Davis Johnson, Colo. ·Reynolds distribution; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Donahey King Russell 1125. By Mr. KEOGH: Petition of the Champer of Com Mr . . MINTON. I .~nno~nce that the Senator from Wyo merce of the State of New York, . concerning congressional ming [Mr. O'MAHONEY] is detained from the Senate because regulation of freight rates; to the Committee on Interstate of illness.- - - and Foreign Commerce. · The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. CHAVEZ] 1s unavoid · 1126. Also, petition of the Ch~mber . of Commerce of the ably detained. State of New York, concerning repeal of Silver Purchase Act; The Senator from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN] is absent on t'o the Conimittee on Banking and Currency. . important .:Public business. · · · 1127. By Mr. KERR: Petition· of the North Carolina State The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-nine Senators have an Senate; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. swered to their names. A quorum is present. 1939 _CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-SENATE 1449
. '!'HE LA~E CARY T. GRAYSON THE WHITlf HousE. As physician, as humanitarian, and as Red Cross executive, Ad Mr. GLASS. Mr. President, yesterday was the first anni· miral Grayson touched life at many angles and did outstanding versary. of the death-of the late Cary ..T. Grayson, one of-the work in every field of his endeavor. His earlier activities were logical preparation for his work in these later years as chairman of finest men who ever occupied a position in the public service the American Red Cross. Whether directing relief at home or co and well known to virtually .every Member of the Senate. operating in the alleviation of human misery in far lands, his tact, The Legislature of Virgil!ia adopted resolutions in regard to industry, and genius for getting things done made his work out his death. The American Red Cross and the League of standing. But it is as a friend that so many of us will always think of Red Cross· Societies did iikewise. Many newspapers noticed Cary Grayson-a friend in the truest and finest sense of that fine editorially his death. I ask that the resolutions and editorials word. A stanch friend, an old and close friend, has been taken may be printed in the RECORD as a part of my remarks. from us. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair FRANKLIN D. RoOSEVELT. hears none. Admiral Grayson was chairman of the League of Red Cross The matter referred to is as follows: Societies, of which 64 nations are members. The following resolu COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, tion was passed by the board of governors of the League of ·Red GENERAL AsSEMBLY. Cross Societies, meeting in Paris, France: House Joint Resolution 24 RESOLUTION On Cary T. Grayson "The . board of governors pays heartfelt tribute to the memory of Admiral Grayson, in whom the Red Crqss world has lost a. great _ Resolved by the house of delegates (the senate concurring), That friend whose qualities of leadership and generous spirit were the general assembly hears with profound sorrow of the passing of admired by all who had the privilege of knowing him; expresses Rear Admiral Cary T. Grayson, one of Virginia's most distinguished its deepest sympathy with the American Red Cross and · with sons, who departed this life early today. As a friend, physician, and Admiral Grayson's family in their sad loss." counselor of Presidents, a humanitarian, a devoted father and son, and true sportsman, born in Culpeper County, Va., October 11, 1878, the son of a country doctor, Virginia and the entire United [Editorial from the Army and Navy Journal of February 19, 1938] States bas suffered a great loss. The country, and particularly the Navy, will cherish the mem Resolved further, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the ory of Rear Admiral Cary T. Grayson, United States Navy, retired, members of the family. · because of the great and patriotic -influence which he wielded Agreed to by the house of delegates February 15, 1938. upon matters important to their welfare. When the history of E. GRIFFITH DonsoN, his time· ·is revealed in fullness it will be established that this _ Clerk of the House of Delegates. modest, un!J.ssuming Virginian played the role not only of physi Agreed to by the senate February 15, 1938. · · cian but of statesman; that he never offered but, when called 0. V. HANGER, upon . made, suggestions that, adopted, beneficially promoted the Clerk of Senate. destiny of the Nation. His appointment to the grade of rear The above is a true copy. admiral was not a mere expression of favoritism. It was the de E. GRIFFITH DODSON, liberate decision of President Wilson, based upon personal recogni Clerk of the House oj Delegates. tion .of his medical ability and upon knowledge of the help in state atiairs, which he had received fr6m _him. President Roos.e CENTRAL COMMITTEE ·oF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS IN RESOLUTION velt, who first brought ·the ·young medical officer to the White LAMENTS LOSS OF ADMIRAL GRAYSON House, and President· Taft entertained for him .the same affection The following resolution was unanimously 'adopted by the and high regard as did the World War President. They knew of his Central · Committee on February 17, 1938: concern for the Navy, that he was .always solicitous for its condition "Rear Admiral Cary Travers Grayson, United States Navy, re and enlargement, and his advice regarding it, and occaeionally of tired, was appointed chairman . of the central committee of the t_he Army· as well, generally was accepted because it was sound and American Red Cross March 1, 1935, and . occupied this important stood the test of experience. He accompanied President Wilson position until his death, February 15, ·1938. to Europe aiid served as the guardian of his health and a_s his con "A-dmiral Gr~yson led an active life in many varied fields of use fidant, and his association with the men in power in the Old :(ulness. Through the years his work was characterized by b,is con World eased the tension in many developments and thereby stant, unselfish, sympathetic, and loyal devotion to the service enabled the President to bring about an adjudication. His selec of others. It was quite fitting that such a man with such experi tion as president of the Red Cross was a graceful recognition by ence· should have been summoned to duty as chairman of the President Roosevelt of the service he had rendered the country, American Red Cross. and in that office he demonstrated by his handling of disasters _ "The 3 years of his service have been replete with problems his high executive leadership. His loss naturally ·is irretrievable both national and beyond our borders, requiring vision, courage, to his devoted wife and children, and in sympathizing with them tact, tireless effort, human sympathy, and understanding. All of the country reali;z:es there has gone to his ·fathers a true patriot, these he gave, and gave wisely and tirelessly, quite indifferent to an outstanding physician, a great humanita1ian, and a friend to the telling demands upon his own strength. Within the head everyone no matter what his position or his condition, in the quarters he showed limitless capacity in problems of organizlttion, truest meaning of that word. in ques~ions of personnel, its_ welfare, and its efficiency, as well as in the broader aspects of the relationship between the headquarters [From a letter adc;iressed to Mrs. Grayson] and the chapters. He sought conti:Q:uously by his visits throughout FEBRUARY 15, 1938. the coun~ry, both in times of disaster and in times of quiet, to The Commissioners of . the District of Columbia have learned bring the -headquarters and the field closer together in order that with deep· regret of the -death of Washington's beloved and dis- the Red Cross might always be prepared, through unity of effort tinguished citizen, Admiral Cary T. Grayson. · and purpose, -to render its best· service in time of need or distress. The world can ill afford to lose such a man, and his legion of And he sought always to find new and better fields of usefulness friends mourn his loss to the community. for the Red Cross, not content with the limitations of the past. "He was elected chairman of the board of governors of the On behalf of all the citizens of Washington and in their own n~me, the Commissioners wish to express to you their deepest League of ·Red Cross Societies on April 29, 1935. He won the admiration .and cooperation of the members· of the league, repre- sympathy. Your· great consolation is in his good deeds. senting many nations. . MELVIN c. HAZEN. "His cordial and frank relationship with the members of the GEO. E. ALLEN. · central committee, his readiness to listen to their counsel, his DAN I. SULTAN . . fair judgment of their advice, made him a wise leader and an inspiration to his fellow-wc::>rkers throughout the Red Cross. , Best tFrom the Richmond (Va.) News Leader of February 27, 1924] of all, he was truly beloved by those with whom and for whom he CARY GRAYSON, FRIEND labored. His outstanding qualities of unselfish friendliness en Almost too intimate for publication, the picture in yestE)rday's deared him to ·men and women everywhere, in all walks of life. New York Times of Admiral Grayson's weeping as he made official "Resolved, That in the death of its chairman, Cary Travers announcement of Mr. Wilson's death was an accurate exhibit of the Grayson;_the __ m_embers of the central committee of . the American relationship that existed between him and the great man whose life Red Cross and the entire organization have suffered a 16ss that be prolonged and whose sufferings he assuaged. words are too poor to express, and that to his family the Red Dr. Grayson was infinitely more than physician to Mr. Wilson; Cross of our country extends its deepest understanding sympathy he was his close and loyal friend-the type of friend that eve_ry man for the great loss and sorrow that have come upon them, and craves and not one in a thousand possesses; a friend that did not pledges as a token of their respect and affection for him to carry have to be cautioned what to say or not to say; a friend about on his service as he would wish it carried on." whose prudence, whose absolute lack of self-interest, and whose complete fidelity there could be no shadow of misgiving; a friend Upon the news of Admiral Grayson's death, President Roosevelt, who wholly understood. Whenever Dr. Grayson spoke of Mr. Wil who is. president of the American Red Cross, issued immediately the son, his voice softened as his eyes lit up with devotion. There was following statement: no pose in his friendship, no sentimentality in his behavior toward LXXXIV--92 1450 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY l6 Mr. Wilson, no pride in the confidences he held. Closer to Mr. MIAMI, February 14.--Government, industry, and labor must Wilson for years than any other man, and sharing secrets that were cooperate to remove "fear" or "a lack of confidence and distrust known to less than half a dozen people in the world, Cary Grayson in governmental, social, and economic procedure,"- the executive was and is as natural, as unaffected, and as considerate as a Vir council of the American Federation of Labor stated today. ginia gentleman should be. The future doubtless holds much for Summarizing its view of the business and economic situation, him. His memoirs of Mr. Wilson will be the most authoritative the council, on the last day of its session, expressed the convic that ever can be published. With his great capacity for friendship tion that governmental spending of what ever nature was only and his amazing charm he will advance far in the naval service or a temporary measure and was not the permanent solution for the out of it. But he is a man to whom no reward can be more precious problem of unemployment. than the knowledge that Virginia is proud of him and lists him The statement called for a "sound economic policy" which among t hose of her so:Qs most obedient to her spirit. He deserves would supply the masses with purchasing power and also stimulate well of the Commonwealth. private industry to increase production and thereby create addi tional employment. It emphasized that the "rules and laws MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT--APPROVAL OF AJOINT RESOLUTION under which industry should operate should be more definite, Messages in writing from the President of the United States clear, and understandable." · William Green, president of the federation, said that the execu were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Hess, one of his tive council believed that the Government should make "the rules secretaries, who also announced that on February 1.0, 1939, of the game" clear for business and that when industry launched the President-approved and signed the joint resolution (S. J. its enterprises new rules should not be issued that called for Res. 38) providing additional funds for the expenses of the readjustment of industrial plans. special joint congressional committee investigating the Ten THE UNEMPLOYMENT QUESTION The continued existence of "an army of unemployed numbering nessee Valley Authority, and for other purposes. more than 10,000,000 workers is appalling," the executive council MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE stated. In the last 10 years the Nation had "experimented with various relief measures and many organizations a.fllliated with the A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. A. F. of L. have expended millions of dollars from their treasuries Chaffee, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House in supplying relief to their unemployed members." had passed a biij. _(H. R. 3791) to provide more effectively Responsibility for absorbing the unemployed in industry "should for the national defense by carrying out the recommenda be placed squarely upon the owners and managen:ent of private industry and the Government." The council was ready tcr asstst tions of the President in his message of January 12, 1939, "in the promotion of a plan which will provide for the employ to the Congress, in which it requested the concurrence of ment, in private industry, of the millions who are now idle." the Senate. After saying that the conclusion was "inevitable that private industry" should be stimulated, the statement continued: The message also announced that pu:·:uant to the pro "What can be done and what should be done, the:refore, are the visions of Public Resolution 53, Seventy-fourth Congress, the problems which, at the moment, call for consideration and a Speaker had appointed Mr. McGRANERY and Mr. DARROW proper solution: We do not believe that the Nation has reached the maximum in production or consumption of manufactured members, on the part of the House, of the United States goods. For that reason we cannot accept the reasoning of those Constitution Sesquicentennial Commission. who maintain that we must prepare to maintain constantly an · The message further announced that pursuant to the pro army of unemployed as the wards of the Government. visions of Public Resolution 4 of the Seventy-fifth Congress, "We must turn to private industry for the solution. It should and must serve the Nation. Our national interests require that the Speaker had appointed Mr. Cox, Mr. ScHULTE, and Mr. private industry be accorded the widest opportunity to do so. DIRKSEN members, on the part of the House, of the Joint That involves expansion and an increase 1n productivity. Such Committee on Government Organization, to fill existing action must be considered as the primary step necessary to create vacancies. work opportunities for the millions who are unemployed. The message also announced that pursuant to the pro CALLS FOR CONFIDENCE "Obviously, the next step must be the establishment of credit visions of Public Resolution 64 of the Seventy-fifth Congress, and the will and purpose on the part of the owners of industry the Speaker had appointed Mr. CROWE and Mr. HARTER of to risk, invest, build, and construct. The basis for such pro Ohio members, on the part of the House, of the General An cedure must be found in the creation of a favorable state of mind. thony Wayne Memorial Commission, and that the Speaker Fear, a lack of confidence, and distrust in governmental, social, and economic procedure should be removed. had also appointed Mr. CLEVENGER a member, on· the part of "A political and economic state of mind should be created which the House, of said Commission, vice Mr. WoLCOTT, resigned. would enable all financiers and the owners and management of The message further announced that the House had agreed industry to face the future with confidence, willing to risk in the expenditure of funds for the development of industrial enter to a concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 8) , in which it prises and in the manufacture and sale of manufactured products. requested the concurrence of the Senate, as follows: "We are firmly convinced that the realization of this objective Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Sena.te concur should be the primary purpose of Government, industry, and labor. ring) , That the first paragraph of House Concurrent Resolution 4 Whatever stands in the way-whatever barrier may have been cre of the Seventy-sixth Congress fs hereby amended to read as fol ated, either as a result of fear or as a result of affirmative action lows: "That in commemoration of the one hundred fiftieth anni on the part of those who administer the affairs of Government versary of the First Congress of the United States under the Con ought to 'Qe broken down so that our industrial processes may func stitution, begun and held at the city of New York on Wednesday, tion in a proper way and unemployment may thus be overcome. the 4th of March 1789, the two Houses of c-ongress shall assemble "Some strong, powerful, and influential representatives of pri in the Hall of the House of Representatives at 12 o'clock meridian, vate industry maintain that in order that private enterprise may on Saturday, March 4, 1939." go forward it is necessary that the rules and laws under which industry should operate should be more definite, clear, and under STATEMENT OF AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR ON ECONOMIC standable. This, it is asserted, would stabilize industrial condi CONDITIONS tions and would serve to release financial and industrial forces Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, at the conclusion of its necessary to the enlargement and expansion of private industry. "The executive councll is firmly of the opinion that this issue recent meeting at Miami, the, executive council of the Amer- should be met squarely. All should understand that no new rules . ican Federation of Labor issued an important and deeply or stipulations will be promulgated by some administrative bureau significant statement of its belief in private enterprise and other than the rules and regulations definitely set forth in regula tory statutes enacted by the Congress of the United States. Such private initiative, its conviction that only in these directions action will serve to help business, labor, and the people generally. may be found an answer to the curse of unemployment, and Under such a plan industrial management would be accorded the its demand for the removal of the causes of economic fear. widest opportunity to render service in the solution of our unem The statement is a sturdy expression of belief, and a sturdy ployment problem. challenge to every governmental influence and action to the UPHOLDS PRIVATE ENTERPRISE contrary, which, in my humble judgment, presents the precise "The executive council rea:IIlrms the position of the American Federation of Labor regarding private enterprise and private initia formula which the Government and the country need to tive. We are firmly committed to such an economic philosophy. pursue. It is a refreshing discussion of realities. It is the We believe that private initiative, private investment, and private key to recovery: We would do well to abandon counter phil endeavor in private industry should be encouraged and supported. We assert that those who invest in private industry should earn a. osophies and thus to give American recovery a chance. I fair return upon such investment and that labor should be paid ask that the statement of the executive council of the Amer a price which would accord to all workers and their families an ican Federation of Labor be printed in the body of the opportunity to live in decency and comfort. REcORD at this point in connection with my remarks. "We urge the development of the highest and most perfect form of cooperation between management and labor. We are convinced There being no objection, the statement was ordered to that the best interests of all t he people of the entire Nation can be be printed in the RF;CORD, as follows: &erved through the acceptance by those who administer the affairs 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RE.CORD-SENATE 1451 of our Government and by the lawmaking bodies of the Nation of proposed le'gislation to provide ·for the payment of certain the well-considered plans and recommendations which both man agement and labor can, as a result of long and varied experience, Creek equalization claims, and for other purposes, which, submit for information and consideration." with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Committee AMERICAN AID TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS on Indian Affairs. LAW OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, VIRGIN ISLANDS Mr. NYE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the RECORD a telegram addressed to me under date The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from of February 8, 1939, by Mr. Frank Gannett, chairman, Na the Acting Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, pursuant tional Committee to Uphold Constitutional Government. to law, copy of a law enacted by the Legislative Assembly of There being no objection, the telegram was ordered to be the Virgin Islands, which, with the accompanying paper, was printed in the RECORD, as follows: referred to the Committee on Territories and Insular Affairs. NEW YoRK, N. Y., February 8, 1939. ACQUISITION OF COLLECTIONS BY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Senator GERALD NYE, The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from Senate Office Building: the Acting Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a draft of We learn today that Mr. Roose~elt has decided to help Britain and France to arm. I-:e told the Senate Military Affairs Committee proposed legislation to authorize the Director of the Geo yesterday that our Government was prepared to back Europe's logical Survey, under the general supervision of the Secretary democracies against dictatorships in every way short of war. This of the Interior, to acquire certain collections for the United may or may not be a proper course to pursue. But whatever course States, which, with the accompanying paper, was referred to is taken must be the decision of a free people. In this case neither we nor our elected representatives have had an opportunity to make the Committee on Mines and Mining. up our minds. Mr. Roosevelt is doing it for us on the basis of facts NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LANDS AND BUILDINGS which he has reported to have stated might alarm us. We wish that Mr. Roosevelt would not put himself into a position The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter froin of laying himself open to criticism and misunderstanding of his the Acting Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a draft of acts. For this might lead to the erroneous impression in some proposed legislation to extend the authority of the Secretary foreign quarters that we are a divided people. Certainly the cause of democracy is weakened and the hand of of the Interior to grant privileges, leases, and permits to all dictatorship is upheld if we are to be committed in the dark by the lands and buildings under the jurisdiction of the National decision of one man. Park Service, which, with the accompanying paper, was re PoESibly when the facts are known, it will be found that what ferred to the Committee on Public Lands and Surveys. Britain and France want, namely, to buy airplanes in this country, is a perfectly routine business transaction and one that the great ADMINISTRATION AND MAINTENANCE OF BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY · majority of Americans would heartily approve, but we must not The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from permit inept leadership to make a secret of what should be an open and aboveboard sale and purchase, nor needlessly to create the Acting Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a draft of war atmosphere nor to make commitments, without our knowledge, proposed legislation to amend the act of June 30, 1936 (49 that might lead us to war. In his message to Congress Mr. Roose Stat. 2041), providing for the administration and mainte velt uttered words that expressed the ideals of free peoples every where. A free people is not afraid to face facts. Consequently, nance of the Blue Ridge Parkway, in the States of Virginia Congress and the American people are entitled to share with their and North Carolina, by the Secretary of the Interior, which, President the facts, and their knowledge of them should strengthen with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Committee Mr. Roosevelt's hand in any sound policy. on Public Lands and Surveys. No leader in a democratic country has a right or a mandate to lead his people to the brink of war upon facts that are hidden from LOAD LINES FOR AMERICAN VESSELS them. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from This does not mean that our country should be committed to or against any course. But the lives of our young people which the Assistant Secretary of Commerce, transmitting a draft of would be sacrificed by war must be guarded by our elected repre proposed legislation to amend the act establishing load lines sentatives and not entrusted to the judgment of any one person or for American vessels, which, with the accompanying papers, smal tliterested group. was referred to the Committee on Commerce. FRANK GANNETT, Chairman, National Committee to PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS Uphold Constitutional Government. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a con DEATH OF POPE PIUS XI-LETTER FROM THE APOSTOLIC DELEGATE current resolution of the Legislature of the State of Arkan The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following sas, favoring the enactment of legislation for the complete letter from the apostolic delegate, Washington, D. C., which multiple-use development of the White River and its tribu was ordered to lie on the table: taries, which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. APOSTOLIC DELEGATION, DIFFERENCE IN COSTS OF PRODUCTION AT HOME AND ABROAD the Foreign Policy, on Sunday, February 12, 1939, which a~ Mr. VANDENBERG. I submit a resolution which I ask pears in the Appendix.] may be read and referred to the Committee on Finance. , THE AMERICAN IDEAL OF . EDUCATION-ADDRESS BY SENATOR DAVIS The resolution INCENTIVE FOR HOLDING SURPLUS ON FARM that the Corporation must sell these commodities in an The bill provides that a farmer may hold his surplus cotton orderly manner but as rapidly as it -buys them in order to and wheat and turn it in as part of his · domestic allotment prevent a surplus from accumulating. That means that if the next year. That does not mean that his allotment would cotton goes to 3 cents a pound on the world market, the be increased the following year, but it means that he can use Corporation will pay the farmer 3 cents a pound-less a the surplus from the previous year as his domestic allotment. small charge---for all that the farmer offers for sale above This is the way it would work: Suppose a farmer's domestic his domestic allotment. · allotment is 20 bales and he produced 30 bales. For the 20 That naturally would cause the farmer to increase his· bales of his domestic allotment he would receive 20 cents a production if the world market price went up, which is good,· pound. On the 10-bale surplus he would receive at present and as it should be, because as the world market price about 8 cents a pound, but by holding those 10 bales surplus becomes attractive the farmer would furnish more for the over· a year he would be guaranteed 20 cents a pound on them. world market price. As the world market price went down· Since there are so many hazards in farming, he would very the farmer would voluntarily curtail his own production. likely reason that it would be wise for him to hold those 10 That can happen only when you have a guaranty of secu bales because he might have a crop failure. rity from some other direction. In other words, if the farmer Then, too, he would have enough cash from the 20 bales depends solely on the world market for his goods it has the he had sold at 20 cents a pound so that he would not be forced opposite effect. That is, when the world market price goes to·sell the 10 surplus bales. It would be as good as a bank down-and that is the only market the farmer has-he must account, because the Government guarantees him 20 cents a increase his production in order to meet the necessary and pound for his domestic allotment the next year. Of course, fixed charges that he must meet. Therefore when we have he might have a ·bumper crop the next year and want to sell another· provision for economic sustenance, such a.s a guar some of his cotton on the world market and hold back just anty of a domestic market at a fair price, then the farmer enough to insure him against.a crop Jailt:::-e. can regulate his own production with . the world market Under the provisions of this bill, lie can sell as much as price, increasing it when the price is attractive, and decreas he wants to on the world market; but the chances are that ing it when the price· is not attractive, and that is exactly every farmer would hold back a reasonable surplus on his the way it will work under this bill. farm. It would add to his feeling· of security. It would be The device used to enforce this provision is a processing the best kind of crop insurance. It would be establishing an tax. A processing tax equal to the domestic price is laid ever-normal granary where the ever-normal granary ought upon all wheat and cotton processed by the millers and the to be, that is, on the farms throughout the Nation. processors. A processing tax of $1.25 a bushel for wheat It would work even better with wheat, because every farmer and 20 cents a pound for cotton is placed upon the processors would like to be in a position to hold a surplus of grain on his for all wheat and cotton they process, but a credit of 99 per farm. cent of this tax is allowed if all the wheat and cotton which ··suppose, for e::i(ample, a farmer's allotment of wheat is the manufacturers purchase is bOught through the ·corpora 1,600 bushels, but he produces 2,600 bushels. He would then tion. The reason for maintaining the 1 percent is to tnsure have 1,000 bushels of wheat which he could sell on the world that the manufacturer will keep books, which he would b~ market at 50 cents a bushel, or which he could hold and required to do. Also, the 1 percent will help pay the cost of turn in as part of his allotment the next year for $1.25 operation. Of course, the tax would be collected by the a bushel. He would very likely reason that it would be Bureau of Internal .Revenue.. sensible for him to store this 1,000 bushels of wheat on his The total tax would never be collected. That is, a credit is farm, then in case of crop failure, he would have that much allowed, without going through the process of collecting it to fall back on. He could also feed that wheat to his work and returning it, which, of course, is a desirable device in stock. He could grind it and feed it to his milk cows. He that respect. In other words, the manufacturer purchases could .fatten hogs on it. He could even grind it and use it his wheat and cotton through the Corporation and· pays 20 for .bread. cents a pound for tbe cotton and $1.25 a bushel for the wheat. A surplus of grain on the farm gives any farmer a feeling The full tax is never collected, but 99-percent credit is al of security, particularly when there is a guarantee that he lowed and only 1 percent is actually collected. can get $1.25 a bushel for it the next marketing year. Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Of cburse, if the farmer produces considerably more than Mr. LEE. I yield. . . , this allotment, either in the case of wheat or cotton, he Mr. ELLENDER. Does the Senator's blll propose that the would want to sell some of his surplus on the world market, Corporation purchase all the cotton and all the wheat? and under the provisions of the bill, he would be able to sell Mr. LEE. Yes and no. It will purchase all of it if the all he wanted to. farmer finds no market elsewhere; however, there is no re But it is reasonable to believe that a majority of the quirement .that the Corporation purchase any other than that farmers, under the provisions of the bill, would hold on the which is offered to it by the farmer. farms enough of the surplus to insure not only the farmers Mr. ELLENDER. What method does the Senator propose themselves but the Nation generally of an ever-normal for financing the operation insofar as the Corporation is supply of these two commodities. concerned? THE GOVERNMENT SERVES AS A MARKETING AGENT Mr. LEE. Of course, .there would be a revolving fund, The bill further provides that the Commodity Credit Cor which would turn over and over. I presume the Corporation poration shall purchase all cotton and wheat offered to it would finance the operation in somewhat the same manner for sale by the producers. It provides that the Corporation as loans on cotton are financed at the present time. shall pay the domestic price for the cotton and wheat which Mr. ELLENDER. As I understand the bill, if a farmer is has been designated for domestic use, and· that it shall pay desirous of selling his crop, the Corporation will pay him 20 the world market price---less a small charge to pay the cost cents a pound, let us say, on the cotton which is consumed of marketing-for all the wheat and cotton which is not domestically. Is that correct? designated for domestic use. Mr. LEE. That is correct. The bill does not provide that the farmer must sell his Mr. ELLENDER. Where will the Corporation obtain the cotton or wheat to the Corporation, but leaves it so that money to pay the farmer? any person can buy and sell these two commodities. It Mr. LEE. Of course, it would have to obtain it by an ap allows the speculators and the brokers to continue to buy, propriation, if tt did not have enough on hand at the time. and the farmer can sell to whomever he wishes. The fund would be a revolving fund, because the Corpora NO ACCUMULATION OF SURPLUS BY GOVERNMENT tion then would turn around and sell the commodity to the This is an important point, that no accumulation of a manufacturer at the domestic price, plus the cost of admin commodity can result under the bill. The bill also provides istering the act. · From the standpoint of appropriation from - . . - .. 1470 _CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD--SENATE FEBRUARY ~ 16' the Tre·asury, the operation would cost nothing except the Mr. ELLENDER. The Senator feels that the imposition amount necessary to establish a revolving fund. of the 20-cent tax will force the processor to buy only Mr. ELLENDER. The Senator will grant that considerable through the Corporation? money would be required to begin the operation. How much Mr. LEE. With respect to what he buys for domestic. does the bill provide as initial capital for the Corporation? use, yes. Mr. LEE. It leaves the Corporation and its regulations Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? ·· just as they are at present. It makes no changes in that Mr. LEE. I yield. regard. Mr. HATCH. If I understand the point which the Sen Mr. ELLENDER. If the proposed bill should be enacted, ator from Oklahoma has just been discussing with the how much would the average cotton farmer of the South Senator from Louisiana, the manUfacturer will pay a tax· receive in dollars and cents? on every bale· of cotton he buys, from whatever source. Is Mr. LEE. I hope the Senator will defer that question that correct? until a little later in my discussion, when I will take it up Mr. LEE. · That is on every bale that he processes, yes. with him. Mr. HATCH. On every bale that he processes. There is a reason for allowing the free :flow of cotton, and Mr. LEE. That is correct. not requiring the Corporation to buy only that used domes Mr. HATCH. And if he wants to take advantage of his tically. There are something like 700 different grades of purchases from the Commodity Credit Corporation, all he cotton. The manufacturer might want some cotton which has to do is to show that he purchased so many bales from was not in the particular amount set aside as the domestic the Commodity Credit Corporation, and, as to that cotton, allotment. Therefore, under the provisions of the bill the he receives a rebate approximately equal to the tax. manufacturer or processer can buy cotton or wheat any Mr. LEE. He receives a credit, which is a little more ad where, but the provision is that it can buy from or through vantageous than a rebate, because the money does not have . the Corporation. to change hands. Mr. ELLENDER. Will the Senator yield further? Mr. HATCH. I merely wanted to know whether or not I Mr. LEE. I yield. understood the point. Mr. ELLENDER. How will it be possible to check up on Mr. LEE. The manufacturers and processors of wheat the amount of cotton that a farmer sells for domestic con and cotton are protected by provisions in the bill for com sumption in comparison to what he should sell for export, pensating taxes and adjustments in tariffs to offset the dis if it is not all sold through the Corporation? advantages in competition caused by the difference between Mr. LEE. The Corporation is the only marketing agent the domestic and world price of these commodities. There which will pay him the domestic price. Therefore he natu is also a provision which allows the manufacturers to buy rally would sell it where he would get the domestic price. at the world price for their export trade, or to receive re He would be foolish to sell it anywhere else, when the Cor bates on exported commodities for which they had previously poration would give him 20 cents a pound, and nobody else paid the domestic price. would offer him more than the world price. I now wish to make a comparison of this bill with the cost Mr. ELLENDER. At the fixed price, would the manu of-production bill introduced at this session of Congress. In facturer then be compelled to pay the farmer 20 cents a the first place, the cost-of-production bill has one desirable pound? feature. It contemplates two markets, a world market and a Mr. LEE. That is conect. He would not be compelled, domestic market, which, in my opinion, is necessary for the except by indirection. If he should not buy it, or if he bought proper and logical approach to the farm problem as respects somewhere else, he would have to pay the tax of 20 cents a export farm commodities such as wheat and cotton. How pound, so he would be out what he had paid originally. How ever, it has five disadvantages. I may say that it is some ever, if he buys it through the Corporation, he is refunded what like, if not identical with, the bill which was called 99 percent of the tax. the McAdoo-Eicher bill last year, which I supported, . and Mr. ELLENDER. So, finally, whether the manufacturer which I would support again, as between the present law purchases the cotton directly from the Corporation or from and that bill, because it does contemplate the two markets the farmer, it must all be accounted for through the Cor and makes a distinction between them. However, it has five poration. major objections which, in my opinion, make it far from Mr. LEE. Not necessarily. The one point where any effort a perfect bill. to bootleg would be caught would be at the processing point. First, it covers all crops amounting to $10,000,000 or more~ That is the throat through which all we are interested in That provision is too arbitrary. I recognize that that is not from the standpoint of the domestic market must go, and beyond remedy, but it is too arbitrary, because one year a that is where the law catches it. crop might be under the law and the next ·year it might be Mr. ELLENDER. Who would impose the 20-cent tax if the out from under the law, because it would not be a $10,000,000 manufacturer did not have to purchase through the Corpo crop. But, of course, that could be amended. Furthermore, ration, or if the Corporation were not given the opportunity it includes many crops which have no export trade and have of checking up on the cotton which was not purchased never had any export trade, and with respect to which an from it? export business is not con'templated. Furthermore, it in Mr. LEE. I am not sure that I understand the Senator's cludes many crops of a very perishable nature, and therefore question, but all cotton must be processed. It is no good it would be very difficult of administration. The crops it unless it is processed. There is one point of processing, and covers are too arbitrary and not based upon a logical reason, that is the processor. such as we find in the case of the two heavy export crops of Mr. ELLENDER. Yes. wheat and cotton. Mr. LEE. No cotton is used in the United States which Is Second, there is a difficulty in determining what is the cost not processed. Therefore, when we catch it at the processing of proct.uction. There again I think that difficulty could be point, we catch all of it that is used domestically. surmounted. If a thousand men figured the cost of produc Mr. ELLENDER. If the processor is permitted to purchase tion, there would probably be a thousand different answers; cotton both from the farmer and from the Corporation, how and I would probably be willing to take any one of them, as can a check be kept on the amount sold by a farmer through the farmer would today, since such answer would likely be the Corporation or through the processor? in excess of the present world market price. Therefore, that Mr. LEE. It would be satisfactory to me if the manu is not an insurmountable objection to it, but it is a diffi facturer wanted to buy cotton from the farmer and pay a culty. tax of 20 cents a pound, in addition to what he paid the The bill which I have just offered fL"'{eS a definite bottom of farmer, because he did not comply with the law and buy it 20 cents a pound for cotton. That is not an arbitrary price. through the Corporation. As a matter of fact, if we fixed it in relation to the spirit 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1471 and the letter of the wage and hour law we would make the tion to increase production. The farmers would plow up the price for cotton 25 cents a pound. Why? Because it takes face of the earth, because, if for 50 percent of all. the cotton a man-hour of labor to produce 1 pound of lint cotton. There they produced they could get the cost of production, of fore, if we should carry out the spirit and letter of the wag~ course, they would keep on increasing production. In the hour law we would fix the price of cotton at 25 .instead of 20 long run, the manner in which the so-called Frazier bill cents a pound. . However, 20 cents a pound seems to be rea would operate would be that each year the Secretary would sonable. Some think it is high, but when it is considered that have to announce a percentage which would be lower and it would be for oaly the amount used domestically, then the lower and lower. That would be too far off to provide a necessity may be seen for allowing a fair and reasonable smooth working plan, and, sooner or later, it would run price, or else we would not be any better off than we would amuck just like the present one. Why? Because of the be if we should take the world market price. The same argu incentive to increase production in an unreasonable manner. ment relates to the dollar-and-a-quarter price for a bushel Fourthly, the so-called cost-of-production bill, introduced of wheat. Those prices are based upon the figures and the by the Senator from North Dakota, does not take care of history during time when the farmer was on a parity basis, the little farmer or one who operates a family-size farm. whereas the cost of production would be more difficult to It makes his economic position relatively worse as compared determine. with that of the big farmer. For instance, the cost per bushel Thirdly, the cost-of-production bill which has been intro for producing a bushel of wheat on a small family-size farm duced by Senator FRAZiER and others would increase produc is greater than the cost per bushel of producing a bushel of tion tremendously; in fact, it would offer an inVitation to wheat on a big power farm. Therefore, when you help the every farmer to increase his production.· This. is how that little fellow a little you help the big fellow more, and you would work: If I have a thousand bushels of wheat and I get have widened the difference between the big fellow and the the cost-of-production price for 800 bushels, or 80 pe;rcent little fellow. The result would soon be that all the little of the quantity, the next year I would raise all I could raise, farms would be for sale and would be purchased by big cor.. because it would be profitable for me to do so even if I had to porate, syndicated farms and put on that basis because their throw away 20 percent of the production. cost per unit is lower and ther3fore their net profit under Let us see how this cost-of-production bill would work. that bill would be greater. It proVides that the Secretary shall determine at a certain Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will the Senator yield time how much wheat will be needed domestically. If that again? need appears to be 80 percent of the then growing crop, or The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Okla the crop that is coming up, then the Secretary will so an homa yield further to the Senator from Louisiana? nounce arid every farmer will sell 80 percent of his crop Mr. LEE. I yield. at the cost-of-production price, turn the other 20 percent in Mr. ELLENDER. The price the Senator has fixed of $1.25 to the Government, and receive a receipt for it. Then the will apply to the big farmer as well as the little farmer? Government will sell it when it can and retUrn. · the money Mr. LEE. Up to $1,500. Then there are graduated reduc to the farmer. tions. It gives much more of the domestic market to the Mr. ELLENDER. Mr~ President- farmer operating a family-size farm and correspondingly Mr. LEE. I yield to the Senator from Louisiana. less- to the big. syndicated farmers. That is an advantage Mr. ELLENDER. Does not the Senator's bill contain the same provision as that in the pending farm bill which was over the Frazier cost-of-production bill. I will say to the introduced by the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. FRAZIER]? Senator that I have tried, with all the energy I could com The Secretary would estimate in advance of production the mand, to work out a similar provision for the cost-of-produc amount of wheat that could be planted and upon which cost tion bill, but I could not work out an amendment that could of production would be paid, and· the rest of it would be be applied to it because of the requirement in the bill that sold on the world market. How does that differ from the a man must sell all his commodities in order to sell all of his proposal of the Senator insofar as wheat is concerned? domestic allotment. Mr. LEE. At first observation there appears to be a simi · Mr. ELLENDER. Does the limit of $1,500 apply to the larity, but, in reality, there is a vast difference because of the cotton farmer as well as to the wheat farmer? production base which I have described. The farmer's allot Mr. LEE. It applies to both of them. ment is a definite fixed number of bushels of wheat, which Mr. ELLENDER. Is the Senator going to discuss the is a percentage of his production base, which itself is a fixed cotton feature? figure, whereas the cost-of-production bill offered by the Mr. LEE. I should prefer, first, to -get through with the Senator from North Dakota would apply to 80 percent of all matter I am now discussing. the wheat produced. The bill which I have introduced this · Mr. ELLENDER. Very well; I will ask the Senator some morning would apply to 80 percent of the farmer's produc questions later. tion base for wheat, which is vastly different and works dif Mr. LEE. Fifthly, perhaps the main objection to the ferently. There would be no incentive for the farmer under Frazier-Lemke cost-of-production bill is that it forces the the domestic-allotment bill which I have introduced to in total crop upon the market. Why? Because a farmer can crease his production, for he would not get any more of the not· be paid for the domestic part of his crop without selling domestic market by doing so, while under the so-called the export part also, for under the deVice for figuring it, when Frazier bill by increasing his production he would get in the a farmer takes a load of wheat to town it is not earmarked same ratio that much more of the domestic market. domestic wheat or export wheat; it is 80 percent domestic Mr. ELLENDER. But still, under the bill of the Senator and 20 percent export. So when he sells the wheat the man from Oklahoma, as well as under the so-called Frazier bill, who makes the calculation at the elevator figures 80 per-. the farmer would get the cost of production-under the so cent of the wheat at the cost-of-production price and gives called Frazier bill and under the bill of the Senator from the farmer a receipt for the other 20 percent, which is turned Oklahoma $1.25-for what is consumed domestically. over to a Government corporation, and the farmer will hope Mr. LEE. That is correct. some day to get something back out of that. Therefore, Mr. ELLENDER. Then what difference is there? before he can enjoy his domestic price, he must sell his export Mr. LEE. The point I was making-and the Senator does portion also. I submit that is a bad thing, because we ought not want to misunderstand me as saying that I feel the so to have the surplus stored on the- farm. If we have the called Frazier bill is not an improvement over the present surplus accumulated in the warehouses ·and earmarked and law-was that under the so-called Frazier bill there is a identified and cataloged and file cased we give all the infor definite incentive for the farmer to increase his production, mation necessary to the speculator so that he can gamble on because if he gets $1.25 a bushel for 80 percent of his wheat, _ these two commodities and run the price up and down to the no matter whether it is a thousand bushels or 5,000 bushels, confusion of business and to the farmers' loss. Furthermore, he is going to produce 5,000 bushels. So there is an invita- a Visible supply is much more depressing to the market; 1472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 16 therefore, if we can have a device that will keep the surplus use in this country that I did not think it necessary to figure on the farm, the cotton bales hidden away in the chicken what the total amount would be. It would be an estimate, sheds, and the wheat stored in granaries and bins on the anyway, and the Senator's guess would be as good as mine or farms, then we have the commodities away from view so that that of anybody else. the speculator does not know exactly how much there is; Mr. ELLENDER. Does the Senator know how much cot and, consequently, when the price goes up, this hidden surplus ton we consume domestically in this country? comes to light and is fed into the market as the world price Mr. LEE. The domestic consumption varies a little every becomes attractive. In addition to that we have then secu year. I know the total figures are given from time to time, rity on the farm, and that means national security. as the Senator does. In round numbers, the domestic con For these five reasons I feel that the so-called cost-of sumption ranges from 5,000,000 to 6,000,000 bales. production bill does not meet the need for a farm bill. Mr. ELLENDER. Let us assume that the domestic con I desire to point out what I think is the fundamental dif sumption is · 6,000,000 bales. How much of that would the ference between the present law and both of these other average small farmer of the South be allotted as his pro proposals. rata share of domestic consumption? Both of these proposals· contemplate two markets. The Mr. LEE. That would vary. present law does not, and I think that is its fundamental Mr. ELLENDER. I say, how much would each be allotted? weakness. The present farm program has many splendid · Mr. LEE. I have not made any calculations along that features, but it also has some undesirable features, and line, but each one would receive more for his product than therefore ·should be amended, first, by substituting the do he does at present. If the 6,000,000 bales were figured at mestic-allotment plan for all crop-control provisions except 20 cents a pound, the farmer would get more than twice those connected with soil conservation. as much as he does when it is figured at 8 cents a pound. The fallacy of the present crop-reduction program is that I can see that without making any calculation of the total. we are trying to reduce American production and not to Mr. ELLENDER. It is ·my understanding that there are raise the whole world-price level. · If production in all the in the South 2,300,000 cotton farmers, including large and countries were reduced proportionately, there would be some small farmers. The Senator's plan would give to the large justice in such a policy; but we reduce, and the others in farmer his proportionate share of the doF-!estic consumption; crease. We retreat, and they advance. Thus we gradually would it not? surrenC:er our foreign trade. Mr. LEE. That, again, is where the Senator is incorrect. America produces a fractional part of the world consump There is a graduated reduction provision which provides tion. Therefore, just to reduce that fractional part enough that the big-scale farmer would not be allotted as much to raise the entire world-price level is like trying to raise and the little farmer would be allotted more. the water in a lock without separating it entirely from the Mr. ELLENDER. I understand; but he would be allotted larger body of water. The loans on cotton today are just quite a good deal more than would the small farmer, de high enough to permit our competitors to undersell us, and pending on the size of his farni; would he not? not high enough to benefit the farmers. Mr. LEE. Not a good deal more. He would be allotted Trying to solve the farm problem without separating the some more. home market from the foreign market is like trying to treat Mr. ELLENDER. Has the Senator any idea how many a man who is suffering with two opposite ailments such as bales of cotton the average small farmer would be allotted low blood pressure and nervousness. If the doctor gives him for domestic consumption under the Senator's plan? Would something to qUiet his nerves, it depresses his blood pressw·e it be in excess of one bale? - still further. If the doctor gives him something to stimu Mr. LEE. I have not figured that, because that is a late his blood pressure, it aggravates his nervousness. If matter which would be determin~d entirely by the' produc we raise the price of cotton in order to help the American tion base of the farm. farmer, we lose our foreign trade. If we lower the price of Mr. ELLENDER. Has the Senabr any idea how many cotton in order to hold our foreign trade, we ruin the Amer bales are allotted under the present measure to each farmer ican farmer. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the home when the farmers are permitted to produce in the aggregate market from the foreign market, an~ this is exactly what is as many as 12,000,000 bales? proposed under the domestic-allotment bill. Mr. LEE. The Senator knows that that amount ranges Now, I come to the point the Senator from Louisiana had from small to great. · in mind. I make the point that the domestic-allotment plan Mr. ELLENDER. It would range from about a bale to would give the farmer more income than the present law . . about three bales. So if the Senator's plan should go I have seen some arguments intended to answer that claim; through, the average southern farmer would be allotted and in each one of those arguments there was not added to about a bale to a bale and a half at 20 cents per pound, and the farmer's income under the domestic-allotment ·plan the he would have to sell the balance at whatever he could get soil-conservation payments. But since this plan does not for it. I feel confident that his returns would not be as change the soil-conservation payments, allowance must be much as he is getting under the present law. made for the soil-conservation payments, and they must be Mr. LEE. I do not know what mathematical basis the added to the farmer's income. Senator has in mind when he figures that the farmer would In the last argument that I saw that was made against the get less at 20 cents a pound than he would at 8 cents a. domestic-allotment plan-it was argued the income of the pound. I hope now the Senator will allow me to proceed. I desire farmer would be lower under it than ~nder the present plan not to yield further at this time. With the Senator's kind those making that argument figured only on the domestic permission we will continue the debate on this point at allotment amount, and did not figure on any surplus that the another time. farmer would produce and sell at the world market price. Therefore that surplus must be added and then we get the Furthermore, we are at the end of our rope under the aggregate. present plan. The present plan is like a toboggan ride! It: is nice when you are starting down, but, oh, boy, when I yield to the Senator from Louisiana on that point, as I you have to walk back up the hill. We have been on a joy understood that was the point he had in mind. ride, and this joy ride has resulted in a top-heavy surplus Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, the question I asked a of 11,000,000 bales of cotton that the Government has tied while ago was this: How much will the average small cotton up. We did not learn anything from the old farm board. farmer of the South receive under the Senator's plan? I We did not learn that when we lend on cotton, we stop it assume he has the figures on that point. from flowing in the channels of trade. Mr. LEE. I have not figured the amount. It would be an The Senator from Louisiana proposes to show that under estimate; but I knew that the farmer would be so much better his :figures the farmer is doing better this· year; but what off at 20 cents a pound for the portion of his cotton that we about next year, with 11,000,000 bales hanging over the 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1473 market? What are we going ·to do with that carry-over? would retain, first, the freight-rate adjustment provision in Something must be done with it. If we sell it, the world the law, because it is good. market price will go on a toboggan. If we continue to bold Second, we would retain the provision for finding new mar it, it will bankrupt the Government. So the Senator sees kets and new uses for farm commodities, because it is good. we are now at the end of our toboggan ride, and we shall Finally, we would vitalize the soil-conservation program by have to get out and walk back up the hill under the present basing the law upon a scientific determination of what con program, no matter what are the figures of last year; and stitutes a production base for these different commodities. even with last year's figures, compared to the plan of 20 I shall now answer briefly some of the arguments which cents a pound for what we consume this year, they are not have been advanced against the domestic-allotment plan. reasonable. One argument is that under the domestic-allotment plan we I am reminded of the fellow who furnished a whole room would ship our fertility abroad. Our fertility has not been in his house with soap wrappers. You may be collectors of shipped away; it has been washed away because of poor farm coupons or soap wrappers or green stamps.· This fellow management. With the application of proper soil treatment saved so many soap wrappers that he furnished a whole room and proper farming methods we can retain the fertility of the in his new seven-room house. Another man came to see soil and produce all we wish to produce. In the Old World him, and the owner showed the room to him, he was so some of the richest lands in cultivation have been in cultiva proud of it. The friend said, "Well, what about the other tion for thousands of years and they are more fertile today rooms?" The owner of the house said, "Oh, they are all than when they were first plowed up, which entirely explodes full of soap." [Laughter.] That is the situation we are in the argument that we would be shipping our fertility abroad. with the accumulation of cotton piled on cotton, and a Under the proposed program, by establishing a production surplus piled on surplus in wheat. base bottomed upon sound farming principles, we would be Third, this plan would restore the farmer's independence moving toward a perfect ideal of producing on a farm only by establishing a permanent method of determining a what the farm ought to produce in keeping with good farm farmer's allotment. ing practices, and therefore not depleting our soil fertility. Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, will the Senator Yield? Another argument advanced against the so-called two-price Mr. LEE. I yield. system-that is, of having one price for America and another Mr. McNARY. I do not want to interrupt the Senator. price abroad-is that by such a program we would be subsi I am sorry we cannot complete our routine morning business. dizing the foreign consumer and making the American con I believe the Senator asked unanimous consent to address sumer pay for it. In other words the argument has been the Senate for 40 minutes. That was just an hour ago. advanced, that we would be taxing the American consumer Mr. LEE. I did not know that I put a time limit on myself to subsidize the consumer abroad, and in my '.:>pinion that is in the unanimous-consent request. I made an estimate of not a very substantial argument at this late date. the time I would require, and I have yielded. I will say Had it been thought of when protective tariffs first made to the Senator that I believe I can finish in a very. few it possible for the manufacturer to sell his commodities minutes. abroad more cheaply than he sells them at home, it would Mr. McNARY. I am tremendously interested in the dis have been more approp:.-iate to suggest it then than to bring cussion of the Senator. It is proceeding by unanimous con it up now, after 150 years' operation of a two-price system sent, however, and I should like to conclude the routine enjoyed by the manufacturer and paid for by the American morning business if the Senator is going to speak at length. consumer. But now that we want to apply the same system Mr. LEE. I will say to the Senator that I shall finish to agriculture, and let the farmer enjoy a higher price for in a very few minutes. · domestically consumed goods, the argument seems to be Mr. McNARY. Very well. late in arriving, and fails to be very impressive. Mr. LEE. Under the domestic-allotment plan we wowd The price of manufactured articles which every farmer reestablish the independence of the farmer. must buy is artificially boosted because of the protective Do you know why the farmer is out there on the farm, tariff. Therefore, it is only fair that the Government arti trying to scratch a living out of the ground? It is because ficially raise the price of that portion of farm commodities he wants to be independent. He warits to be his own boss. which we use in this country. Manufacturers of farm im If he did not, he would quit there, and go to town some plements in America charge the American farmer more for where, and get a job where somebody else would boss him. farm implements than they charge the farmers of other The farmer is the last individualist left; and I think that countries, for the very same implements. Therefore it is is an individualism worth preserving. Under this bill the only fair that the farmer should enjoy an American price farmer may raise what he wants to raise, as much as he for that portion of his crop consumed in America, just as wants to raise, and wherever he wants to raise it. Under the manufacturer enjoys an artificially higher price by virtue this bill the machinery for making allotments is worked out of the tariff. Just as we have given the manufacturer a on a scientific basis that has a systematic approach, that tariff for 150 years I propose that we now give the farmer gets away from a horde of fellows coming around a farmer's a tariff. farm and measuring his land and quarreling with him about The foreigner is on n lower standard of living than is how much he may grow, and where he may grow it. This the American. The foreigner has only so much with which bill removes all of that, and restores to him a feeling of to buy bread, for instance, and if he cannot get bread· at independence. that price, then he cannot get bread. Therefore we are con Again, under this plan we would have an opportunity to fronted with this dilemma: We must either sell to the regain our foreign trade, which we have lost during the foreigner at a price which he can pay, or we must stack past few years. I shall not discuss that question at length commodities up in this country, and not only starve the at this time, but shall do so on another occasion. foreigners to death because of a shortage of the commodity ·Again, the domestic-allotment plan would increase em but starve the Americans to death because of a surplus of ployment in the United States, because the production of the commodity. To me that seems a short-sighted and very enough wheat and cotton for the export trade would mean selfish policy. employment for those who produce it; but with our present Let me refer to another important point in that regard: plan of cutting down and fast approaching the point where One of the reasons why the world is today on fire with we are producing farm commodities only for use in the threats of war is found in the economic conditions of the United States-and that is the· point we shall reach some people abroad. Some people simply refuse to take starva· day if we do not change the policy-we are putting men tion sitting down. The fact that people cannot get food out of employment by the million. · at prices they can pay is one of the causes of restlessness Under the proposal introduced today, we would not aban over the world today. If we would sell to them . at prices don or repeal the good provisions of the · present law. We they could pay, we woUld increase our gross national income 1474 :coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 16 and they would be able to buy food and· clothes for their will be no unanimous-consent agreeme_nts for speeches dur own needs. This would relieve much of the internal pressure ing the morning hour until the routine business_ has been in foreign countries. If we feed them, we might not have to concluded. It is only by consent of the Senate· th~t the able fight them. It might be easier to feed them at prices they Senator is proceeding, · are able to pay than to fight them, particularly when it Mr. LEE. I realize that. would increase our national income as well as help solve one Mr. McNARY. Very well. The Senator may proceed to of our most difficult problems. finish his last page. Another objection which is raised to this plan is that it Mr. LEE. Mr. President, the fourth point is that we cannot would result in overproduction. In my opinion, there is as sell our products to those nations that have surpluses in those yet no such thing as overproduction. I do not say that we products. Only those nations which have surpluses of their could not reach the point of overproduction. But so far I own to sell would object to our selling our commodities in do not believe that we have reached that point, Dr. Sibling, their markets. The only nations which would be likely to of the Department of Agriculture, in 1935 made a survey of retaliate with antidumping laws would be those nations which the United states and reported that if all families of the have surpluses of their own, and since we are unable to sell United States had a balanced menu today-that is, enough to them because they already have enough there seems to be to eat-it would take 43,000,000 acres more in cultivation little cause to fear retaliation on the part of other nations.- in the United States to produce the necessary amount of Fifth, how can it be considered dumping for us· to try to: food. In the light of that it seems to me it is almost immoral hold our own in the world market? No one could justly to deliberately reduce the food supply when people in our accuse us of dumping when we are merely holding our share country are hungry merely because they do not have the of the world trade. In fact, we have not held our share or" buying pow~r with which to purchase what we produce. I the world trade. We have lost heavily in the exportation of· do not see any such thing as overproduction. Under . the cotton. To be specific, the high point of our exports in cotton plan proposed there would be a voluntary regulation of was in 1926. That year we exported 1-0,927,000 bales; last production. The farmer would have enough to live on from year we exp9rted 5,771,000 b~les. In other words, there has his domestic allotment and therefore he would be in a posi been a loss of trade to the extent of over 5,000,000 bales from tion where he could regulate his production above that. He the peak in 1926, and that is true at a time when the has never before had a chance to choose between profitable world consumption has increased 5,000,000 bales. Therefore, production and unprofitable production. It has all been if we were now exporting as much cotton as we exported in unprofitable; therefore he has been forced to increase pro 1926, and if we enjoyed our share of the increase of world duction in order tD meet certain fixed charges, such as in consumption, we would today be exporting six and one-half" terest payments, taxes, and so forth, rather than enjoy the million bales more than at present. It merely -means keep opportunity of regulating production to meet demand. ing our share of the mar~~t; and again I reiterate, "How ANTIDUMPING RETALIATION NOT LIKELY could that be· considered dumping?" There has been the argument that if we should adopt the Mr. President, I thank the Senate for -its ·kind ·indulgence: domestic allotment plan it would result in antidumping re At another time I wish to discuss the general arguments in· taliation on the part of other countries. favor or' farm relief ·and farm legislation: There are those . who are agreeable to the domestic-allot Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in ment plan so far as concerns providing a fair price for that the RECORD following my remarks the bill which I have just part of the farmer's crop that we use in this country, but who discussed. · feel that unlimited production would result in a greater sur There being-no objection, the bill was ordered-to be printed plus, which would be considered dumping by other nations, in the RECORD, as follows: and other nations would retaliate with antidumping laws. A bill to amend the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as I wish to answer this antidumping argument. First, the amended, for the purpose· of regulating interstate and foreign United States is the only nation on the face of the earth, I commerce in wheat and cotton, and providing for the orderly _marketing of such commodities at fair prices in interstate and believe, which has a "dumping conscience." Other nations foreign commerce have never appeared to be conscience-stricken over dumping. Be it enacted, etc., That section 301 (b) of the Agricultural They have sold where they could get buyers. Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended, is amended by- Second, how can it be considered dumping unless we sub (1) Inserting after subdivision (4) the following new subdi sidize the sale of the surplus? If we merely let the surplus visions: "(4b) 'Domeetic marketing percentage' in the case of wheat and seek its level in the world market and sell to those who_are cotton means that percentage of the production bases for such willing to buy, how could that be considered dumping? The commodity established under section 357 which the Secretary, surplus would be handled by speculators who would want to taking into consideration the adjustments in ·domestic allotments required under section 358 (d), determines will provide domestic sell their cotton, but who would also want to get as much for allotments for farmers for any marketing year equal to the national it as possible. It is a certainty that the concerns which domestic allotment. would handle American cotton are not going to cut down " (4c) 'Domestic price' means $1.25 a bushel in the case of wheat the price of cotton a fraction of a cent more than is neces of standard grade and 20 cents a pound in the case of cotton of standard grade, or the parity price of the commodity as of the end sary in order to turn the deal. Therefore I cannot interpret of the preceding lnarketing year, whichever is higher." the natural flow of cotton into the channels of trade in that (2) Inserting after subdivision (8) the following new subdivision: manner as dumping. - _"(Sa) 'National domestic allotment,' in the case of wheat and Third, commerce is cold-blooded arithmetic. It is seldom cotton, means the quantity of the commodity which the Secre tary estimates will be disposed of by the Commodity Credit Corpo based on sentiment. Buyers buy where they can buy the ration during any marketing year for consumption in the United cheapest and sell where they can get the most. Therefore it States." is not likely that the nations which buy our cotton would (3) Inserting at the end thereof the following new subdivision: "(17) 'World mar~et price,' in the case of wheat and cotton, advocate antidumping laws against the United States just means that price which the Commodity Credit Corporation esti because they are able to buy cotton a fraction cheaper in the mates it can obtain for such wheat or cotton upon disposing of it United States than elsewhere. for purposes other than consumption in the United States, less a Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, I should like to ask the reasonable charge, to be fixed by the Corporation; to cover the estimated expense which . will be incurred by the Corporation in Senator whether he is on the last page of his manuscript? disposing of such commodity -for such purposes." Mr. LEE. I yield to the Senator. SEc. 2. (a) Section 302 of such act, as amended, is amended by Mr. McNARY. Is the Senator about ready to conclude? adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: "(j) No new loans on wheat or cotton shall be made available Otherwise, I must invoke the rule. under this section after the end of the marketing year beginning Mr. LEE. I am about to conclude, if the Senator will allow in 1939." me to finish this last page. (b) Part III of subtitle B qf such act, as amended, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new section: Mr. McNARY. If the Senator is on the last page, I shall "SEc. 340. The provisions of this part shall cease to be etiective not invoke· the rule, but I wish to say that i:Q. the future there on June 30, 1940.'' 1939 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 1475 (c) Part IV of such subtitle B is amended by adding at the end issued to him, the Corporation shan pay to the fanner the amount thereof the following new section: by which the domestic price of an equal quantity of the commodity "SEc. 350A. The provisions of this part shall cease to be effective' exceeds the world price thereof; and the Corporation shall reim on July 31, 1940." burse its funds by disposing of, for domestic consumption, an equal" SEc. 3. Title III of such act, as amended, is further amended by quantity of the commodity from the stocks held by it. a:dding, after subtitle B, the following new subtitle: " (e) After the beginning of the marketing year beginning in "SUBTITLE B1-MARKETING OF WHEAT AND COTTON 1940 all wheat and cotton acquired by the Corporation, including wheat and cotton held by it on such date or acquired on account PRODUCTION BASES _ of loans made or arranged for by it prior to such date, shall be dis "SEc. 357. The Secretary, through the local committees, shall. posed of by it at such times and places and in such manner as it establish as soon as practicable in 1939 a production base for deexns most advantageous, subject to the following limitations: wheat for each farm on which wheat has been produced in 1937, " ( 1) Any quantity of each such commodity disposed of by the 1938, or 1939, and a production base for cotton for each farm Corporation for consumption within the United States shall be on which cotton has been produced in 1937, 1938, or 1939, and disposed of at a price not less than the domestic price for such shall, upon application, establish such bases for any other farm. commodity, plus a reasonable charge for the handling and market The production base for each such commodity for any farm shall Ing of such commodity. be a quantity of such commodity determined on the basis of "(2) The Corporation shall dispose of wheat and cotton acquired past production, tillable acreage, productivity of the soil, crop by it under subsection (a) as rapidly as orderly marketing and the rotation practices, availability of labor and equipment, and sound policies of this act will permit and shall not retain any quantity of principles of farm management, with adjustments for abnormal wheat or cotton, acquired by it ·under subsection (a), at the end of weather conditions, trends in production, and the diversion of any marketing year which is in excess of 10 percent in the case of acreage under previous agricultural adjustment and conservation wheat, or 20 percent in the case of cotton, of a normal year's prograxns. Any such production base may be increased upon ap domestic consumption and exports. plication, or may be decreased after giving the farmer notice and "(f) The Corporation shall make such regulations and require an opportunity to be heard, when such increase or decrease is such bonds, containing such conditions, as it deems necessary with warranted by the factors on the basis of which such production respect to commOdities disposed of by it for purposes other than base is determined~ consumption within the United States, to assure that such com "DOMESTIC ALLOTMENTS modities will not be consumed within the United States, or that if_ such commodities are consumed within the, .United States, the "SEc. 358. (a) Beginning with the year 1939, the Secretary shall Corporation will be paid _the price required by subsection (e) (1). proclaim in each year, not later than July 15 in the case .of "(g) In fixing prices for the purchase and disposal of wheat and wheat, and not later than November 15 in the case of cotton, the cotton by the Corporation, No.2 Hard Winter wheat shall be deemed probable national domestic allotment and the probable domestic wheat of standard grade, and seven-eighths Middling cotton shall market percentage for wheat and cotton for the next succeed be deemed cotton of standard grade; and the prices fixed by the ing marketing year. Corporation for the purchase and disposal of wheat and cotton not "(b) Beginning with the year 1940 the Secretary shall determine of standard grade, type, staple, or quality shall be increased and proclaim in each year, not later than ~a.y 15 in the case of or decreased, in relation to the prices fixed for wheat and cotton wheat and not later than June 15 in the case of cotton, the na of standard grade, type, staple, and quality, by such amounts as tional domestic allotment and the domestic marketing percentage properly reflect differences from standard in grade, type, staple, or for wheat and cotton for the next succeeding marketing year. quality." "(c) The domestic allotment for wheat or cotton for any farm SEC. 4. Part I of subtitle C of such title III is amended by adding for any marketing year shall be equal to the production base for at the end thereof the following new sections: such commodity for the farm, determined as of the date of the proclamations issued under subsection (b) , -multiplied by the do "APPLICATION TO PRODUCTION BASES mestic marketing percentage for such commodity for such market "SEc. 369. The foregoing provisions of this part shall be appli ing year: PrCYVidecl, That such allotment shall not exceed the actual cable with respect to production bases established for farmS under or normal production, whichever -is greater, of the acreage on the subtitle B-1 in the same manner that such provisions are appli farm devoted to the production of the commodity. cable _ with respect to acreage allotments and farm-marketing "(d) Any domestic allotment for wheat or cotton for any farm quotas. shall be divided among the landowners, tenants, and sharecroppers "~EGULATIONS FOR WHEAT AND COTTON of such farm, in the same proportion that such landowners, tenants, "SEc. 370. Under such regwations as may be agreed upon by the and sharecroppers are entitled to share in the proceeds of the Secretary and the Commodity Credit Corporation- commodity for which the allotment is made: Pro'l)ided, That if the "(1) ,The Secretary shall transmit to the Corporation from time: total allotments for bot commodities allotted to any person for to time such information with respect to the domestic allotment of any year would be a quantity having a combined value in excess any farmer under subtitle B-1 as may be necessary for the proper of $1,500, computed at domestic prices, the allotments to such per performance of the powers and duties of the Corporation under son shall be reduced so that such' combined value will be reduced this title. by 20 percent of that part of such combined value in excess of "(2) The Corporation shall transmit to the Secretary from time $1,500 but not in excess of $2,000; by 40 percent of that part of to time such information as to its purchases, sales, and other oper- such combined value in excess of $2,000 but not in excess of $2.500; ations under subtitle B-1 as may be necessary for the proper per and by 60 percent of that part of such combined value in excess of formance of the powers and duties of the Secretary under this title. $2,500 but not in excess of $3,000; and by 80 percent of that part "(3) Such certificates and tags shall be issued to farmers, and such of such combined value in excess of $3,000. other records shall be made and kept as may be necessary, for deter " (e) The quantity of a commodity allotted to a farmer under mining when wheat or cotton purchased by the Corporation under subsection (d) for any marketing year shall be his domestic allot subtitle B1 is purchased from a farmer and is a part of such farmer's ment with respect to such commodity for such marketing year. domestic allotment." "(f) Under regulations _prescribed by the Secretary and to the SEc. 5. Part I of subtitle D of title III of such act, as amended, is extent that the Secretary determines to be practicable and not in amended by adding at the end thereof the following new sections: conflict with the purposes of this title, any farmer may receive in "ADDrriONAL POWERS OF COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION lieu of any part of his domestic allotment for wheat or cotton, a domestic allotment for a quantity of the other of such commodi "SEc. 390A. In addition to the powers which it possesses under ties h~ving an equal value. other provisions of law, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall have such powers as may be necessary or appropriate for carrying out "MARKETING OF WHEAT AND COTTON 1ts functions under this· title. · "Sr.c. 359. (a) The Commodity Credft _Corporation (in this title "TAXES ON IMPORTS referred to as the 'Corporation') shall purchase all domestically produced wheat and cotton offered for sa:tle to it. by the producer "SEc. 390B. (a) In addition to any other tax or duty imposed by thereOf after the beginning of the marketing year beginning In law, there shall be imposed on articles imported iJ;lto the United 1940. States a tax as provided in subsection (c) . "(b) If the commodity is offered for sale to the Corporation by "(b) The tax imposed under this section shall be levied, assessed, a farmer and is a part or all of his domestic allotment for the cur collected, and paid in the same manner as a duty imposed by the rent marketing·- year, the price paid by the Corporation to tpe Tariff Act of 1930, and shall be treated for the purposes of all provi- · farmer for the commodity delivered at local markets shall be the sions of law relating to the customs revenue as a duty imposed by domestic price or the world market price, whichever is higher, for sucli act, except that for the purposes of sections 336 and 350 of such such commodity. · · act (relating to flexible tariff and trade agreements) such tax shall "(c) In the case of any other purchases of any such commodity not be considered a duty or import restriction, and except that no by the Corporation,·the price paid by the Corporation shall be equal preference with respect to such tax shall be accorded any articles to the world market price of such commodity. imported or brought into the United States. "(d) If by reason of loss in yields due to unavoidable causes, in "(c) There is hereby imposed upon the following articles im cluding adverse weather conditions, insect pests, pl:mt diseases, ported into the United States, a tax at the rates hereinafter set and such other unavoidable causes as may be determined by the forth, to be paid by the importer: Secretary, any farmer fails to produce a quantity of wheat or cot " ( 1) Wheat, at a rate equal to the amount by which the domes ton equal to his domestic allotment, the Secretary shall determine tic price exceeds the world market price. the amount by which the wheat or cotton produced by such farmer "(2) All articles containing wheat in any form, at a rate equal is below his domestic allotment by reason· of such unavoidable to the amount by which the domestic price exceeds the world causes, and shall issue evidence to such farmer and to the Cor market price of the quantity of wheat contained in such articles. poration of the quantity of the commodity so deter~ned. Upon The tax on articles described In this paragraph and paragraph ( 1) presentation to the Cerporation by the farmer of the evidence so shall apply only with respect to importations after June 30, 1940. 1476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 16 "(3) Cotton, at a rate equal to the amount by which the domes cable with respect to the taxes imposed by section 600 of the tic price exceeds the world market price. Revenue Act of 1926, and the provisions of section 626 of the "(4) All articles containing cotton in any form, at a rate equal Revenue Act of 1932, shall, insofar as applicable and not incon to the amount by which the domestic price exceeds the world sistent with. ·the provisions of this act, be applicable in respect of market price of the quantity of cotton contained in such articles. taxes imposed by such sections 390C and 390D. The tax on articles described in this paragraph and paragraph (3) "(b) Upon the exportation from the United States of any prod shall apply only with respect to importations after July 31 , 1940. uct processed wholly or partly from a commodity with respect to "(5) On au articles competing with wheat or cotton at the rate which product or commodity a tax has been paid or is payable proclaimed by the Secretary under this paragraph. The Secretary under section 390C or 390D, the tax due and payable or due and shall ascertain from time to time whether the operation of this paid shall be credited or refunded. Under regulations prescribed title is causing or will cause to the processors or producers of by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of wheat or cotton in the United States any competitive disadvantage the Secretary of the Treasury, the credit or refund shall be al from competing commodities imported into the United States. If lowed to the consignor named in the bill of lading under which the Se.cretary finds that such disadvantages in competition exist, the product is exported, or to the shipper or to the person liable or will exist, he shall proclaim such finding and shall specify in his for the tax, provided the consignor waives any claim thereto in proclamation the competing commodity and the rate of tax on th~ favor of such shipper or person liable for the tax. As used in importation thereof necessary to prevent such disadvantages in this subsection, the term 'product' includes any product ex competition. ported as merchandise, or as a container for merchandise, or "(d) Prior to the lOth day of each month, beginning with the otherwise." month of July 1940 in the case of wheat and the month of August 1940 in the case of cotton, the Secretary shall determine and pro CALL OF THE ROLL claim the amounts by which the domestic prices of wheat and Mr. HARRISON. Mr. President, I wish to ask to be recog cotton exceeded the world market prices of wheat and cotton at the beginning of such morith. During the next succeeding month. nized as soon as the ·morning hour is over. the amounts so proclaimed shall be deemed, for the purposes of Mr. BARKLEY. If the Senator will yield to me for that this section, -to be the amounts by which the domestic prices purpose, I suggest· the absence of a quorum. exceed the world market prices: Provided, That for the month of Mr. HARRISON. I yield for that purpose. July 1940, in the case of wheat, and the month of August 1940, in the case of cotton, the amounts proclaimed during such months The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HUGHES in the chair). shall be deemed to be the amounts by which the domestic ~rices The clerk will call the roll. exceed the world market prices. The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the following Sena "COMPENSATING TAXES tors answered to their names: "SEc. 390C. (a) The Secretary shall ascertain from time to time Adams Downey La Follette Schwartz whether the operation of this title is causing or will cause to the Andrews Ellender Lee Schwellenbach processors of wheat or cotton in the United States disadvantages Ashurst Frazier Lodge Sheppard in competition from competing commodities by reason of excessive Austin George Logan Shipstead shifts in consumption between such commodities or products Bailey Gerry Lucas Smathers thereof. If the Secretary finds, after investigation and due notice Bankhead Gibson Lundeen Smith and opportunity for hearing to interested parties, that such disad Barbour Gillette McKellar Stewart vantages in competition exist,. or will exist, he shall proclaim such Barkley Glass McNary Thomas, Okla. finding. The Secretary shall specify in his proclamation the com Bilbo Green Maloney · Thomas, Utah peting commodity and the compensating rate of tax on the process Bone Gufiey Mead Tobey ing thereof necessary to prevent such disadvantages in competi Brown Gurney Miller Townsend tion. Thereafter there shall be levled, assessed, and collected upon Bulow Hale Minton Truman Burke Harrison Murray Tydings the first processing in the United States of the competing com Byrd Hatch Neely Vandenbers modity a tax, to be paid by the processor, at the rate specified, Byrnes Hayden ·Norris VanNuys until such rate is altered pursuant to a further finding under this Capper Herring Nye Wagner section. Caraway Hill Overton Walsh "(b) As used in this section, the term 'processing,' in the case of Clark, Idaho Holman Pepper Wheeler any commodity, means any manufacturing or other processing in Clark, Mo. Holt Pittman White volving a change in the form of the commodity or its preparation Connally Hughes Radcll1fe Wiley for market, as defined by regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture; Danaher Johnson, Calif. Reed and in prescribing such regulations the Secretary shall give due Davis Johnson, Colo. Reynolds weight to the customs of the industry. .,_ Dop.ahey King · Russell "PROCESSING TAXES The PRESIDING OFFICER. Eighty-nine Senators having "SEc. 390D. (a) On and after July 1, 1940, in the case of wheat, answered to their names, a quorum is present. and on and after August 1, 1940, in the case of cotton, there shall be imposed upon the first processing in the United States of wheat TRIBUTE TO THE LATE GEORGE R. HOLMES or cotton produced in the United States a tax, to be paid by the Mr. HARRISON. Mr. President, second only to the warmth processor, at the rates prescribed under subsection (b). "(b) Prior to the lOth day of each month, beginning with the of feeling which naturally grows among the Members of the month of June 1940 in the case' of wheat and the month of July Senate are the feelings and friendships that spring and grow 1940 in the case of cotton, the Secretary shall determine. and pro between men in public life and members of the press. Within claim the domestic prices of wheat and cotton as of the beginning of such month. During the next succeeding month the rates of the last few days there has pa.Ssed from the field of active the tax imposed by this section on the processing of wheat and journalism one of the most beloved and ablest members of the cotton shall be equal to the prices so proclaimed. newspaper fraternity. He was a young man, and it seems " (c) There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed cruel that fate should strike him down at the age of 43. by this section, 99 percent of the tax so imposed with respect to the processing by the taxpayer of any wheat or cotton not in Within that brief span of life he had accomplished great excess of a quantity equal to (1) the quantity of the commodity things. He had made a name for himself in the newspaper which has been acquired by the taxpayer from the Commodity world. Credit Corporation after the beginning of the marketing year We all admire success, in whatever walk of life it may be. which begins in 1940, less (2) the quantity of the commodity for which a credit has previously been -allowed to the taxpayer under It is a rare accomplishment for one so early in life to reach· this subsection. the heights and become head of the Washington Bureau of "(d) There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed the International News-Service, one of the great news agencies by this section with respect to the processing of any wheat or cot ton acquired by the taxpayer prior to the beginning of the mar of the country; and to have become the president of the Grid keting year which begins in 1940, an amount equal to the amount iron Club, an organization the membership of which com paid by the taxpayer for such commodity. prises the select among newspapermen of the country, is the " (e) As used in this section- highest evidence of prominence and popularity among his " ( 1) The term 'processing,' in the case of wheat, means the milling or other processing (except cleaning and drying) of wheat newspaper brothers. I am sure that all who knew George for market, but does not include the processing of wheat for con felt the pangs of deep sorrow and loss at his death. I at sumption by the producer thereof or for consumption on his farm. tended his funeral. I heard the beautiful tributes paid him. "(2) The term 'processing,'' in the case of cotton, means the My heart was deeply and sincerely touched, and I am sure spinning, manufacturing, or other processing (except ginning) of cotton. all those who attended and heard the services felt the same "SEc. 390E. (a) The taxes imposed by sections 390C and 390D way. He was truly a splendid fellow. His writings were full shall be collected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue under the of candor, frankness, and courage. He despised sham, pre direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, shall be treated for tense, and hypocrisy. He impressed the country by his daily all provisions of law relating to internal revenue as internal revenue excise taxes, and shall be paid into the Treasury of the writings. His career carried him not only throughout this United States. All provisions of law, including penalties appli- country but to the capitals of the world. His name will live 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 1477 in the annals of journalism, and his fine work should be an · ing broadcasts I have ever heard. It wa.s the Lincoln's inspiration to· the youth of the land. Birthday eve radio program of the United States Flag As I pay this tribute to my friend and a man who, in my opin sociation, an organization which, by spreading among the ion, was able, sincere, and fine, and who possessed the true American people a better underst.anding and deeper ap qualities of real manhood. preciation of our country's ideals and institutions~ is doing Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I wish to add just a brief most effective work in combatting the un-American forces word to what my friend from Mississippi [Mr. HARRISON] and influences which, well organized and no doubt amply has said about George Holmes. · financed, are leaving no stone unturned to discredit and to · From the creation of man until this hour men have been destroy those ideals and i.nstitutions. born, have lived, and have died; and yet life, birth, and I may add, Mr. President, that our colleague the Senator death are just as much of a mystery today as they were in from Kansas [Mr. CAPPER] was the guest speaker of the the beginning. I have heard it said that as men grow older broadcast, the outstanding feature of which was a most effec they reconcile themselves to the inevitable fate of all man tive and appropriate paraphrase of Lincoln's historic Gettys kind-ultimate death. I do not know whether or not that burg Address under the title of "The Spirit of Lincoln statement is true. Although we always know that that is to SJ?e~ks Today." I . ask that_I may be . permitted this oppor be our fate and the fate of our friends, I doubt if we are tunity to read to the Senate what the senior Senator from ever really prepared for or reconciled to the inevitable end, Kansas said: even in age. This is peculiarly true when. in the inscruta Eight score and thre_e years ago our :fathers brought forth upon ble ways of Providence, a man is stricken down in the prime this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated of his life. There is no way by which we can fathorn these to the proposition that all men are created equal and that the inscrutable mysteries. We regret them. We pay honor and people sh~ll rule. Now you of today are engaged in a war with anti-American respect to those who, in a short space of time, or in a long forces and infi:uences, testing whether that Nation, or any nation, life, have made some contribution to the elevation of the so conceived and dedicated, can endur.e. Though these forces and standards of their own lives and those of their comrades, influences be moral, they are as dangerous and as deadly as any physical ones that have ever threatened the life of the Nation. and of the country at large. Your lathers who, through their trials and tribulations, their After all, as the poet says, life is not measured in years. sufferings and sacrifices, created this Nation, in passing to the It is not measured on the dial, but it is measured by what Great Beyond, threw the torch from falling hands to future genera service may be crowded within a given space of time. If tions, of ·which you of today are one. Be yours to hold it high; in otherwise ye shall break faith with your fathers. that is to be the standard, my judgment George Holmes Let you who are now living dedicate 'yourselves to the task of fully measured up to the requirements. In every sense of preserving the great heritage left you by those of us who have the word he was a gentleman. I believe he elevated th~ gone before; let you renew your allegiance to tne ideals symbolized standards of journalism by his courage, by his frankness, by by the flag we gave you, among them being national unity, patri otic cooperation, and racial and religious tolerance. Let you his ability, by his level-headedness, anc: by his fairness. Not reaffirm your faith in the institutions of democracy embodied .11:\ only was he an outstanding journalist, studying, as all jour the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the nalists who write for newspapers and who to a certain extent United States we bequeathed you, among them being freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, freedom of create public opinion, must do, but above his professional assembly, and personal liberty. Let you highly resolve that ·we, integrity and his professional ability, he was a charming as your fathers, shall not have suffered and struggled, sacrificed, and sociate, a man of sincerity, a man of honor, a man of learn died in vain; that this Nation, under God, shall have a new birth ing. In his public relations and in his private life, and espe of freedo·m-freedom from class hatred; freedom from material istic greed; freedom from contention between capital, labor, and cially in his family circle, no man has come Within my ac government; freedom from racial and religious intolerance; and quaintance in a quarter of a century who was more sincerely that, With malice toward none,· with charity for all, a government beloved, who was more genuinely respected, and whose un of the people, by the people, and for tbe peopl~ shall not perish timely end caused greater grief, not only in his profession, from the earth. Oh, you Americans of today, who·, without having undergone but among all who knew him. sacrifices and privations in cr€ating or saving the great Republic I am glad at this time to add my feeble word to what has under whose flag you are enjoying such bless.ings of life, we, your been so beautifully said by the Senator from Mississippi in fathers now in the realm of the Great Beyond, beseech you to honor of one whose mature life had ·been largely spent in awake to the dangers which are menacing you, your homes, your children. Awake and unite, cooperate and tolerate before it is the atmosphere of Congress, of legislation, and of executiv.e too late. policies which have been promulgated by the different· branches of the Government of the United States during Mr. President, this splendid and timely paraphrase of his tenure in Washington. My sympathy goes out to his Lincoln's famous Gettysburg Address should, in my ju.dg..;. comrades in the profession, to his family, and to all his ment, be read by every man, woman, and child in the United friends. I believe that there are many things in his life by States. It would stimula.te their patriotism .and make them which we may profit. better Americans. Mr. McNARY. · Mr. President, I desire to make a brief C BILL AND RESOLUTION PASSED OVER States suffering injurie~ while in the performance of their duties, and for other purposes," approved September 7, 1916, as amended, The bill (S. 197) to amend the Judicial Code in respect to the United States Employees' Compensation Commission. be, and claims against the United States for just compensation was the same is hereby, authorized and directed to receive and con announced as next in order. sider, when filed, the claim of Howard Arthur Beswick, of Ludlow, Vt., for disability alleged to have been incurred by him October Mr. KING. Mr. President, I ask for an explanation of 21, . 1928, when a plane piloted by him while a Naval Reserve this bill. officer on active duty crashed near Des Moines, Iowa: Provided, Mr. GURNEY. I ask that the bill go over. That claim hereunder shall be filed within 6 months after the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill will be passed over. approval of this act: Provided further, That no benefits shall The resolution (S. Res. 74) providing for a committee on accrue prior to the enactment of this act. civil aviation was announced as next in order. Mr. KING. Mr. President, I inquire as to the liability of Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, this morning I sub the Government in the instance referred to in the bill. I mitted minorit:y: views on. the resolution, and until those am not familiar with the bill, and I merely desire an ex views are printed I ask that the resolution go over. planation of it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The resolution will be Mr. · BROWN. Mr. President, the bill merely waives · the passed over. statute of limitations . with respect to the act for ·the com NEW AND ~NLARGED NATIONAL FORESTS IN MONTANA pensation of United States employees. The man was an The bill (S. 26) to empower the President of the United aviator in the Navy Department, and he fell somewhere in States to -create new national-forest units and make addi Iowa in 1928. It was not until 1932 that the fact developed tions to existing national forests in the State of Montana that he had suffered two bone fractures. X-rays showed was considered, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, that the fractures actually took place; and; according· to medical testimony, there is no question that they were due read the third time, and passed, as follows~ to the accident in 1928. With the approval of tl:ie Navy . Be it enacted, etc., That the President of the United States is authorized, in his discretion, to add to existing national forests, Department and of the United States Employees' Compensa or to include within new national forests, by proclamation or tion Commission, which interposed no objection, the bill Executive order, any unappropriated public lands of the United merely waives the statute of limitations so that the bene..: States situated in the State of Montana which, in his opinion, are ficiary of-the biil may go before the Commission. · chie:fiy valuable for the production of timber or the protection of watersheds: Provided, That the inclusion of such lands Within Mr. KING. I have no objection. a national forest shall be subject to any claim, entry, or appro The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, priation ·under the public land laws then valid and subsisting read the third time, and pa~e~. and thereafter legally maintained. SEc. 2. All previous acts and parts of acts in con:fiict herewith FRED H. BEAUREGARD are hereby repealed insofar as they apply to the State of Montana. The Senate proceeded to consider the bill (S. 128) for the JOY MONTGOMERY relief of Fred H. Beauregard, which had been reported from The Senate proceeded to consider the bill (S. 1012) for the the Committee on Claims with an amendment, on page 1, relief of Joy Montgomery, which had been reported from the line 6, after the words "sum of", to strike out "$3,000" and Committee on Claims· with amendments, on page 1, line 5, insert "$1,000", so as to make the bill read: after the word "to", to strike out "Joy Montgomery" and Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money insert "the legal guardian of Joy Montgomery, a minor"; in in the Treasury not otherWise appropriated, to Fred H. Beauregard, line 7, after the words "sum: of", to strike out "$1,000" and of St. Albans, Vt.; the sum of $1,000, in full settlement of his insert "$500"; and in line 11, after the word "Provided", to claim against the United States on account of the death of his minor son, Robert Bernard Beauregard, who died as a result of insert "That before any payment is made under this act the injuries received as a result of an accident involving a Government parents of Joy Montgomery shall first release Hugh G. Pierce, truck operated in connection with the Civilian Conservation Corps the driver of the Government truck, from payment of the in St. Albans, Vt., on August 20, 1937: Provided, That no part of him the amount appropriated in this act in excess of 10 percent thereof judgment rendered against in the Circuit Court of Carter shall be paid or delivered to or received by any agent or attorney Cotinty, Tenn., on June 18, 1936: Provided further", so as to on account of services rendered in connection With this claim, and make the bill read: the same shall be unlawful, any contract to the contrary notwith Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he standing. An.y person violating the provisions of this act shall be is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the legal guardian of Joy be fined in any sum not exceeding $1,000. Montgomery, a minor, of Hampton, Te.nn., the sum of $500 in full The amendment was agreed to. satisfaction of her claim against the United States for injuries sustained by her as a result of being struck by a Civilian Conserva The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, tion Corps truck near Hampton, Tenn., on January 21, 1935: Pro read the third time, and passed. vided, That before any payment is made under this act the parents of Joy Montgomery shall first release Hugh G. Pierce, the driver ROY D. COOK of the Government truck, from payment of the judgment rendered The Senate proceeded to consider the bill (S. 1157) for against him in the Circuit Court of Carter County, Tenn., on June the relief of the legal guardian of Roy D. Cook, a minor, 18, 1936: Provided further, That no part of the amount appropri ated in this act in excess of 10 percent thereof shall be paid or which had been ·reported from the Committee on Claims delivered to or received by any agent or agents, attorney or at with an amendment, on page 1, line 6, after the words "sum torneys, on account of services rendered in connection with such of", to strike out "$5,000" and insert "$2,500", so as to make claim. It shall be unlawful for. any agent or agents, attorney or the bill read: attorneys, . to exact, col~ect, Withhold, or receiv!'l any sum of th~ amount appropriated in this act in excess of 10 percent thereof on Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and account of services rendered in connection with such claim, any ·he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money contract to the contrary notwithstanding. Any person violating in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the legal guardian t:Qe provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor of Roy D. Cook, a minor, the sum of $2,500, tn full settlement of and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum not exceed all claims against the United States for injuries suffered in an. ing $1,000. accident caused by the falling of a large United States m ail box at Thirty-ninth and Hazelfern Place, in Portland, Oreg., on or about The amendments were agreed to. January 12, 1935: Provided, That no part of the amount appro The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, priated in this act in excess of 10 percent thereof shall be paid read the third time, and passed. or delivered to or received by any agent or agents, attorney or attorneys, on account of services rendered in connect ion with said The title was amended so as to read: "A bill for the relief claim. It shall be unlawful for any agent or agents, attorney or of the legal guardian of Joy Montgomery, a minor." attorneys, to exact, collect, Withhold, or receive any sum of the ' amount appropriated in this act in excess of 10 percent thereof HOWARD ARTHUR BESWICK on account of services rendered in connection with said claim, The Senate proceeded to consider the bill (S. 129) for the any contract to the contrary notwithstanding. Any person violat relief of Howard Arthur Beswick, which was read, as follows: ing the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a mis demeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum Be it enacted, etc., That notwithstanding the provisions and not exceeding $1,000. limitations of sections 15 to 20, both inclusive, of the act entitled "An _act to provide compensation for employees of the United. The amendment was agreed to. 1480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY rl6 . The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a· third reading, Any person violating the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined read the third time, and passed. in any sum not exceeding $1,000. GEORGE H. PIERCE AND EVELYN PIERCE The amendment was agreed to. The Senate proceeded to consider the bill DENTAL CORPS Lonnie A. B. Leslie to be postmaster at Russellville, Mo., To be captains in place of L. A. B. Leslie. Incumbent's commission expired First Lt. George Henry Timke, Jr., Dental Corps, from June 13, 1938. March 11, 1939. MONTANA First Lt. Clyde Danford Oatman, Jr., Dental Corps, from Alvin 0. Lien to be postmaster at Brockton, Mont., in March 26, 1939. place of A. 0. Lien. Incumbent's commission expired June VETERINARY CORPS 18, 1938. To be captain NEW MEXICO First Lt. John Kenneth Allen, Veterinary Corps, from Rosalie E. Branch to be postmaster at Mora, N. Mex., in March 15, 1939. place of Rosalie . Branch. Incumbent's commission expired June 7, 1938. CHAPLAINS NEW YORK Chaplain Alva Jennings Brasted (lieutenant colonel), to be chaplain with the rank of colonel, United States Army, Austin A. Crary to be postmaster at East Rockaway, N.Y., from March 3, 1939. in place of A. A. Crary. Incumbent's commission expired Chaplain Herbert Adron Rinard (major), to be chaplain February 28, 1938. with the 1·ank of lieutenant colonel, United States Army, from James E. Burns to be postmaster at Glen Cove, N. Y .. in March 10, 1939. place of J. E. Burns. Incumbent's commission expired June 15, 1938. APPOINTMENT IN THE NAVY Royal B. Ingersoll to be postmaster at Houghton, N. Y., in Capt. Harry A. Stuart, an additional number in grade, to place of R. B. Ingersoll. Incumbent's commission expired be a rear admiral in the Navy. June 18, 1938. PosTMASTERS Rae M. Schoonmaker to be postmaster at Kerhonkson, IOWA N. Y., in place of R. M. Schoonmaker. Incumbent's com Cl~rence N. Hildebrand to be postmaster at Belmond, Iowa, mission expired June 18, 1938. in place of C. N. Hildebrand. Incumbent's commission ex Mary J. Morgan to be postmaster at Medford Station, pired June 6, 1938. N. Y., in place of M. J. Morgan. Incumbent's commission Albert E. Newell. to be postmaster at EddyVille, Iowa, in expired June 18, 1938. place of A. E. Newell. Incumbent's commission expired Albert Goldman to be postmaster at New York, N. Y., in June 18, 1938. · place of Albert Goldman. Incumbent's commission expired Asa Earl Boyer to be postmaster at Maquoketa, Iowa, in January 16, 1939. place of A. E. Boyer. Incumbent's commission expired March William E. Farnsworth to be postmaster at Oakfield, N.Y., 14, 1938. in place of W. E. Farnsworth. Incumbent's commission Mark F. Hogan to be postw.Jaster at Monticello, Iowa, in expired January 31, 1938. place of M. F. Hogan. Incumbent's commission expired May Joseph J. Cruse to be postmaster at Poland, N.Y., in place 31, 1938. of J. J. Cruse. Incumbent's commission expired May 28, LOUISIANA 1938. Owen R. Phillips to be postmaster at Glenmora, La., in NORTH CAROLINA place of 0. R. Phillips. Incumbent's commission expired Samuel B. Hovis to be postmaster at Bessemer City, N. C., June 6, 1938. in place of S. B. Hovis. Incumbent's commission expired Philip C. Girlinghouse to be postmaster at Jena, La., in June 18, 1938. place of P. C. Girlinghouse. Incumbent's commission expired Clarence G. Pike to be postmaster at Fremont, N. C., in June 18, 1938. · place of C. G. Pike. Incumbent's commission expired June Thomas E. Barham to be postmaster at Oak Ridge, La., 18, 1938. in place of T. E. Barham. Incumbent's commission expired Fred W. Kluttz to be postmaster at Rockwell, N. C. Office June 6, 1938. became Presidential July 1, 1938. MAINE PENNSYLVANIA Guy W. Swan to be postmaster at Princeton, Maine, in John C. Amig to be postmaster at Lewistown, Pa., in place of G. W. Swan. Incumbent's commission expired place of J. C. Amig. Incumbent's commission expired June April 2, 1938. 6, 1938. Charlene F. Tebbetts to be postmaster at Readfield, Maine. SOUTH CAROLINA Office became Presidential July 1, 1938. ·waiter W. Goudelock to be postmaster at Pacolet Mills, MASSACHUSETTS S. C. Office became Presidential July 1, 1938. Robert E. Smith to be postmaster at Townsend, Mass., SOUTH DAKOTA in place of R. E. Smith. Incumbent's commission expired Ira H. Pinnell to be postmaster at Eagle Butte, S. Dak., April 2, 1938. in place of I. H. Pinnell. Incumbent's commission expired MICHIGAN May 22, 1938. William V. Clegg to be postmaster at Eaton Rapids, Mich., Ray W. Pitsor to be postmaster at Faith, S.Dak., in place in place of W. V. Clegg. Incumbent's commission expired of R. W. Pitsor. Incumbent's commission expired May 22, April 27, 1938. 1938. John D. Mershon to be postmaster at Saginaw, Mich., in TEXAS place of J. D. Mershon. Incumbent's commission expired Edward F. Gaston to be postmaster at Dayton, Tex., in May 22, 1938. place of E. F. Gaston. Incumbent's commission expired MINNESOTA June 9, 1938. William E. Charlton to be postmaster at Williams, Minn., Effie P. Minnock to be postmaster at Galena Park, Tex., in in place of W. E. Charlton. Incumbent's commission expired place of E. P. Minnock. Incumbent's commission expired June 12, 1938. June 12, 1938. lfiSSISSIPPI Joe C. Martin to be postmaster at Itasca, Tex., in place of Levi G. Bassett to be postmaster at Louin, Miss., in place J. C. Martin. Incumbent's commission expired April 25, of L. G. Bassett. Incumbent's commission expired February 1938. 10, 1938. Fred Boothe to be postmaster at Gonzales, Tex., in place MISSOURI of Fred Boothe. Incumbent's commission expired June 18, Hugh M. Price to be postmaster at La Monte, Mo., in place 1938. of H. M. Price. Incumbent's commission expired April 25, Pauline L. Bogatto to be postmaster at Lamarque, Tex. 1938. Office became Presidential July 1, 1938. - - 1492' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE FE~RUARY '16 Maud Collier to be postmaster at Pelly, Tex.~ in place 'Of On February 4, 1939:- Maud Collier. Incumbent's commission expired June 12, H. J. Res. 83. Joint resolution making an additional ap 1938. propriation for work relief and relief for the fiscal year end Daniel J. Quill to be postmaster at San Antonio, Tex., in ing June 30, 1939. place of· D. J. Quill. Incumbent's commission expired Feb On February 10, 1939: ruary 15, 1939. H. R. 2762. An act to consolidate and codify the internal VERMONT revenue laws of the United States. Ernest A. Naylor to be postmaster-at Alburg, Vt., in place COMMUNICATION FROM THE CLERK OF THE HOUSE of E. A. N-aylor. Incumbent's commission expired May 12, The SPEAKER laid before the House the following com 1938. munication from the Clerk of the House: Peter E. Kehoe to be postmaster at West Pawlet, Vt., in FEBRUARY 15, 1939. place of P. E. Kehoe. Incumbent's commission expired April The SPEAKER, 25, 1938. - . . House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. _ VIRGINIA DEAR Sm: The certificate of election, in due form of law, of Hon. LANSDALE G. SA.sscER as a Representative-elect to the Seventy-sixth Elizabeth P. White to be postmaster at Sandston, Va. Congress fro~ the Fifth Cqngressional District of the State of Office became Presidential July 1, 1937. Maryland, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Ron. Stephen W. Gambrill, is on file in this offi.ce. · WASHINGTON Very truly yours, Pearl G. M. Johnson to be postmaster at Mercer Island, SOUTH TRIMBLE, Wash. Office became Presidential July 1, 1938. Clerk of the House of Representatives. Eudocia B. Leech to be postmaster at Steilacoom, Wash., SWEARING-IN OF A MEMBER in place of E. B. Leech. Incumbent's commission expired Mr. SAsscER appeared at the bar of the House and took· June 6, 1938. the oath of office. WISCONSIN UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION SESQUICENTENNIAL COMMISSION - Vincent J. Dwyer to be postmaster at Alma Center, Wis., in place of V. J. DWYer. Incumbent's commission expired The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the provisions of Public Res olution 53, Seventy-fourth Congress, the Chair appoints June 15, 1938. as. members of the .United States Constitution Sesquicen-· tennial Commission the· following Members of the House to CONFIRMATIONS fill existing vacancies thereon: Mr. McGRANERY, of Penn Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate February. sylvania, and Mr. DARROW, of Pennsylvania. 16, 1939 . GOLDEN GATE INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGES Mr. HAVENNER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent James V. Allred to be United States district judge for the to address the House for 1 minute. southern district of-Texas. The SPEAKER. I.s there objection to the request of the Frank A. Picard to be United States district judge for gentleman from California? the eastern district of Michigan. There was no objection. · . T. ALAN GOLDSBOROUGH to be United States district judge Mr. HAVENNER. Mr. Speaker; on next Saturday at noon for the District of Columbia. the Golden Gate International Exposition will open its gates UNITED STATES MARSHALS to the world. It is my distinguished privilege, as the Repre Alex Smith to be United States marshal for the northern' S{lntative of the district in which it has been built, to extend district of Alabama. to all of the Members of Congress a most cordial invitation James H. Patterson to be United states marsha1 for the to visit this great exposition. · third division of the Territory of Alaska. Those-of you who attended the last world's fair held in San Francisco-the Panama-Pacific Exposition of f915--all retain, I am sure, memories of its rare beauty and charm. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES San Francisco assures you that its new exposition will be a worthy successor to that dream city of the past. - _THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1939 The 1915 fair commemorated the completion of the Pan The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ama Canal, the miracle of engineering which linked- the The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera- Montgomery, D. D., Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. offered the following prayer: The 1939 exposition celebrates two new engineering mira 0 changeless One, life's guide and spiritual goal, stimulate cles, the great bridges spanning San Francisco Bay, each the our thoughts with the blessedness of the riches of Thy largest of its type in the world. goodness, mercy, love; and pity. May all hearts be join-ed The site of the exposition is an artificial island, built in together in the common love of our common Father and the center of the bay, between the two .bridges. It has been grant that all laws and institutions may feel Thy presence. christened Treasure Island, and upon it there stands today· 0 gather into Thy encircling arms and soft mothering bosom a spectacular city of exhibit palaces, surrounded by beautiful the sick in all homes and in all institutions. Be the angel gardens and trees of every species. of light and hope upon their-i.ininortal souls 'like dawn ur)on -The people of San Francisco are ·grateful to the Congress the hills of earth. Almighty God, unto whom all hearts are of the United States for its generous appropriation for the open. ali desires known, and from whom no secrets are hid, Federal Building and exhibit, which will be one of the most cleanse the thoughts of our hearts by the inspiration of Thy attractive features of the exposition. And they are extremely Holy Spirit, that we may perfectly love Thee ·and worthily anxious that the Members of Congress shall see for them magnify Thy holy name. Through Jesus Christ our Lord. selves the good tise to which this money has been put. Amen. ·The . gentleman from California [Mr. BucK] and I wHl leave here by plane this afternoon to attend the opening of· The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read _and the exposition. We would like to take all of the Members approved. of the House with us, but; regretting that this is an impossi SUNDRY MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT bility, we shall carry with us instead, by your leave, the Sundry messages in writing from the President of - the greetings and good Wishes of Congress to the people of Cali United States were communicated to the House by Mr. Hess, fornia, assembled by the Golden Gate. one of his secretaries, who also informed the HoUS{l that on The exposition will continue until December 2, 1939. It is the following dates the President approved and signed a : styled 4 'A Pageai:lt of the Pacific." Eleven Western States of joint resolution and a bill of the House of the following America are its sponsors, with the San Francisco Bay area titles: as host community, and more than 30 foreign nations par-