DOCSLIB.ORG

18Th Meeting of the International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste Hosted by the Association for Chemoreception Sciences (Achems)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
18Th Meeting of the International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste Hosted by the Association for Chemoreception Sciences (Achems) 18th Meeting of the International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste hosted by the Association for Chemoreception Sciences (AChemS) Virtual Meeting Program & Abstracts August 3 - 7, 2020 Monday, August 3, 2020 10:00 - 11:30 AM Plenary Room 1 Welcome/Keynote Lecture Welcome By AChemS 2020 President Matt Wachowiak University of Utah Program Highlights Jay Gottfried University of Pennsylvania Awards Ceremony Linda Barlow University of Colorado Keynote: Making And Breaking Memories Sheena Josselyn Neurobiology Laboratory at the Hospital for Sick Children Q&A Pg 1 - 34 Live Symposia & Events Pg 34 - 36 On Demand Symposia Pg 37 - 66 On Demand Oral Abstracts Pg 66 - 126 On Demand Poster Abstracts 12:00 - 1:00 PM Ancillary Room 1 The Nose Knows about COVID-19 Outreach Events (LIVE ONLY - NOT RECORDED) Do you want to learn more about smell and taste? Please visit AChemS Education Corner. There you will find exciting demonstrations and exercises about smell and taste. While most of these activities have been developed with school-aged children in mind, they can be adjusted to any age. Chair(s): Valentina Parma & Yanina Pepino 2:00 - 4:00 PM Parallel Room 1 Gut Instincts: The Role of Intestinal Signals in Regulating Brain and Behavior Studies on the ‘gut-brain axis’ are gaining significant interest and fundamentally changing the way we think about the connections between mind and body. The mechanisms by which the chemical contents of the gut are detected, which intestinal cells are involved in this process, and how this signaling is conveyed to the brain via endocrine and/or neural pathways are topics of many new, exciting studies. In this symposium, we bring together experts in gut chemosensation to discuss this emerging field, highlighting recent breakthroughs, new techniques, and approaches to studying chemical signaling within the gut and from the gut to the brain. Chair(s): Lindsey Macpherson and Hojoon Lee Introduction. Lindsey Macpherson1, Hojoon Lee2 1University of Texas San Antonio, 2Northwestern University The Role Of Postingestional Feedback In Experience-Dependent Changes To Sugar Taste Lindsey Schier University of Southern California Q&A Gut Nutrient Sensing And Brain Reward Pathways Wenfei Han Mount Sinai School of Medicine The presentation will discuss recent evidence supporting a role for the gut-brain axis in controlling brain circuits involved in reward, emotion and motivation. It will be argued in particular that gut- innervating vagal sensory neurons function as reward neurons via their brainstem targets that in turn contact dopaminergic brain reward circuits in midbrain. Q&A A Neural Circuit For Sugar Choice Melanie Maya Kaelberer Duke University Q&A (Don Tucker Award Finalist) Epigenetics Of Sweet Taste And Obesity Anoumid Vaziri, Christina/E May, Morteza Khabiri, Brendan Genaw, Peter/L Freddolino, Monica Dus University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Diet composition can alter food preferences by changing the physiology of the sensory neurons, but the molecular mechanisms for these adaptations are not well understood. In rodents, and fruit flies excess dietary sugar decreases the perception of sweet stimuli increasing the preference for sweet foods and promotes weight gain. To understand how this occurs, we investigated the effects of a high sugar diet on the responses of the sweet sensing cells (Gr5a+) to sugar in D. melanogaster. In flies fed a high sugar diet, the Gr5a+ neurons show lower responses to sugar stimuli because of changes in the activity of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). The PRC2 is a chromatin modifying complex that mediates transcriptional repression through the repressive H3K27me3 modification. This complex is both necessary and sufficient to drive the sensory adaptations mediated by excess dietary sugar in the Gr5a+ neurons and prevent weight gain. Ribosomal profiling and targeted DNA Adenine Methyltransferase Identification in the Gr5a+ cells revealed transcription factors directly targeted by PRC2 and changed by the high sugar diet. This group of transcription factors target metabolic, signaling and synaptic genes that shape the activity of the sweet sensory neurons. Manipulations of these factors affected taste function suggesting that PRC2 alters the physiology of the Gr5a+ neurons by enacting a sugar-specific transcriptional program. Interestingly, sweet taste defects persist long after the animals are removed from the sugar diet environment and only reversed if constitutive maintenance by PRC2 is inhibited. Our results reveal how transcriptional pathways inside sensory neurons are altered to instruct forms of behavioral and synaptic plasticity that allow animals to adapt to changing food environments. Q&A Panel Discussion 2:00 - 4:00 PM Parallel Room 2 Olfactory Networks, Rhythms, and Behavior Sensory information from the environment tunes cognitive processing by shaping neuronal networks. Olfactory inputs, which can bypass the primary thalamic relay, are in an optimal position for directly shaping not only stimulus perception but also higher abilities, such as engram formation, emotion and executive behavior. The proposed symposium aims at providing a comprehensive overview on the recent advances in understanding how olfactory information controls the network dynamics and behavior across brain areas, ages (neonatal, juvenile, adult) and species (zebrafish, mouse, rat). The presentations will bring together researchers using cutting-edge tools to discuss olfactory modulation of functional circuits with the goal of integrating across fields to develop new models of olfactory-limbic cross-talk. Chair(s): Ileana Hanganu-Opatz Introduction Ileana Hanganu-Opatz Dev. Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Olfactory Bulb And Piriform Cortex Interactions With The Hippocampal System Depend On Context And Learning Stage Leslie Kay Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Q&A Olfactory Cortical-Limbic Reciprocal Interactions And Their Impact On Odor Coding And Perception Donald Wilson Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States Q&A Integration Of Olfactory And Limbic Information At The Level Of Habenula Emre Yaksi Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience-NTNU, , *, Norway Q&A Olfactory Control Of Developmental Prefrontal-Hippocampal-Entorhinal Communication And Cognitive Maturation Ileana Hanganu-Opatz Dev. Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, *, Germany Q&A Panel Discussion Conclusions 2:00 - 4:00 PM Parallel Room 3 Principles of Gustatory Coding How do nervous systems detect and organize information about taste? A long-standing view is that gustation is simple: using a set of labeled lines, the gustatory system informs the organism when one of a small number of basic tastes is present. However, recent results from several groups challenge this model. This symposium highlights new views of taste processing in insects and vertebrates. Chair(s): Mark Stopfer Introduction Mark Stopfer NIH-NICHD Coding Of Individual Chemicals By The Gustatory System Yu-Shan Hung NIH/NICHD Q&A Cellular Context Determines Appetite And Aversive Taste Properties Of The Conserved Drosophila Gustatory Receptor 28 (Gr28) Protein Family Hubert Amrein Texas A&M University Q&A Combinatorial Cellular And Molecular Codes Underlie Salt Taste In Drosophila Michael Gordon University of British Columbia Q&A So Much Information, So Few Neurons: Taste Coding In Mammals Nirupa Chaudhari University of Miami Q&A Panel Discussion 5:00 - 7:00 PM Parallel Room 1 All Bulb All the Time The olfactory bulb is the gateway of olfactory information to the brain. There is a growing appreciation that the bulb is not a simple relay station of sensory inputs to higher brain centers. Rather, the bulb serves as a dynamic filter of olfactory information. The response of principal neurons in the bulb to odorants is influenced by a variety of factors, such as brain state, experience, and learning through a variety of mechanisms such as local inhibitory circuits and centrifugal feedback that includes glutamatergic, neuromodulatory, and gabaergic projections. This symposium aims to bring the latest findings on the mechanisms underlying flexible information coding in the olfactory bulb. Chair(s): Takaki Komiyama and Florin Albeanu Introduction Takaki Komiyama University of California San Diego Context-Dependent Plasticity Of Adult-Born Neurons Regulated By Cortical Feedback AN WU1,2, Bin Yu1,2,3, Qiyu Chen1,2, Lu Chen1,2, Takaki Komiyama1,2 1Neurobiology Section, and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, 2Department of Neurosciences, and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States, 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States Q&A A Non-Canonical Feedforward Pathway For Computing Odor Identity Honggoo Chae CSHL Q&A Fast Dynamics Of The Odour Landscape Are Encoded In The Mouse Olfactory System And Guide Behaviour Andreas Schaefer UCL Q&A Exploring Granule Cells Diversity Marta Pallotto Center of Advanced European Studies and Research Q&A Olfactory Bulb Local Inhibition Improves Downstream Odor Representation By Synchronizing M/T Responses Rafi Haddad Weizmann Institute of Science Q&A 5:00 - 7:00 PM Parallel Room 2 Gustation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Treating Dysosmia, from Saline to Surgery
    日鼻誌４７!：５１～５２，２００８ 特別講演２ TREATING DYSOSMIA, FROM SALINE TO SURGERY Donald A. Leopold, MD, FACS University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America The sense of smell begins with airflow through the nose. The exact path of this airflow has only recently been investigated. Some of this data comes from models, both life size and enlarged models using measurements of airflow. Additional information comes from computerized airflow models of the nasal cavities. The neural pathways of olfaction begin with the olfactory receptors high in the nasal cavity. After transduction from the chemical to the electrical information, this information is transferred through the olfactory bulb and into the central brain. Patients typically present with one of three different types of dysosmia. The first is simply a decreased ability to perceive smells（hyposmia and anosmia）. The two remaining types of dysosmia relate to distortions of perceived smells. One of these（parosmia）is a distortion of smell odorants that are actually in the environment. The third type is theperceptionofanodorwhenthereisnoodorantintheenvironment（phantosmia or hallucination）. The clinical task of the physician seeing these patients is to decide on the etiology of the problem and to recom- mend therapy if possible. The clinical history is one of the best tools the clinician has, but the physical examination, sensory testing and imaging can also be helpful. Diagnostic categories for these patients are many, but the most com- mon include nasal inflammatory disease for about a third of these patients, the losses that occur after an upper respira- tory infection in about 25 percent of the patients and head trauma in about 15 percent of patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Taste and Smell Disorders in Clinical Neurology
    TASTE AND SMELL DISORDERS IN CLINICAL NEUROLOGY OUTLINE A. Anatomy and Physiology of the Taste and Smell System B. Quantifying Chemosensory Disturbances C. Common Neurological and Medical Disorders causing Primary Smell Impairment with Secondary Loss of Food Flavors a. Post Traumatic Anosmia b. Medications (prescribed & over the counter) c. Alcohol Abuse d. Neurodegenerative Disorders e. Multiple Sclerosis f. Migraine g. Chronic Medical Disorders (liver and kidney disease, thyroid deficiency, Diabetes). D. Common Neurological and Medical Disorders Causing a Primary Taste disorder with usually Normal Olfactory Function. a. Medications (prescribed and over the counter), b. Toxins (smoking and Radiation Treatments) c. Chronic medical Disorders ( Liver and Kidney Disease, Hypothyroidism, GERD, Diabetes,) d. Neurological Disorders( Bell’s Palsy, Stroke, MS,) e. Intubation during an emergency or for general anesthesia. E. Abnormal Smells and Tastes (Dysosmia and Dysgeusia): Diagnosis and Treatment F. Morbidity of Smell and Taste Impairment. G. Treatment of Smell and Taste Impairment (Education, Counseling ,Changes in Food Preparation) H. Role of Smell Testing in the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders 1 BACKGROUND Disorders of taste and smell play a very important role in many neurological conditions such as; head trauma, facial and trigeminal nerve impairment, and many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson Disorders, Lewy Body Disease and Frontal Temporal Dementia. Impaired smell and taste impairs quality of life such as loss of food enjoyment, weight loss or weight gain, decreased appetite and safety concerns such as inability to smell smoke, gas, spoiled food and one’s body odor. Dysosmia and Dysgeusia are very unpleasant disorders that often accompany smell and taste impairments.
    [Show full text]
  • Paroxysmal Bilateral Dysosmia Treated by Resection of the Olfactory Bulbs
    160 Surg Neurol 1993 ;40:160-3 Paroxysmal Bilateral Dysosmia Treated by Resection of the Olfactory Bulbs J.M. Markert, M.D., D.O. Hartshorn, M.D., and S.M. Farhat, M.D. Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, and Catherine McAuley Health Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan Markert JM, Hartshorn DO, Farhat SM. Paroxysmal bilateral Case Report dysosmia treated by resection of the olfactory bulbs. Surg Neurol 1993;40:160-3. P.G., a 37-year-old woman, was seen in November 1988. She reported a 17 year history of dysosmia with paroxysms of peculiar sensations of smell. These sensa- Dysosmia, or the distortion of olfaction, is most commonly tions were usually brought on by inhalation of other preceded by viral illness or head trauma, but has a variety strong odors, such as cigars, perfume, or onions; how- of etiologies. The precise nature of the disease process remains obscure. Medical management is largely empiric, ever, they also could be triggered by sudden turning of and has been aimed at treating underlying illnesses, re- the head, a big sniff, or emotional and physical stress. stricting triggering medications, as well as various phar- The common cold or flu would also exacerbate the sensa- macologic interventions. Successful eradication of a severe tion. Dysosmia paroxysms were described as unlike any case of persistent unilateral paroxysmal dysosmia with other odor, and always the same: of a hot, foul and resection of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb has been re- smoky nature on the right, and a sickeningly sweet, ported.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Illness and Changes in Sensory Perception
    Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (2007), 66, 331–345 DOI:10.1017/S0029665107005599 g The Author 2007 Critical illness and changes in sensory perception Susan S. Schiffman Department of Psychiatry, 54212 Woodhall Building, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710–3259, USA Impairments of sensory perception that occur during a period of critical care can seriously impact on health and nutritional status, activities of daily living, independence, quality of life and the possibility of recovery. It is emphasized from the outset that sensory losses in critically- ill patients may or may not be related to their current medical condition. The present paper provides an overview of all five senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch) and describes the factors that contribute to sensory losses in critically-ill patients, including medications, medical conditions and treatments and the process of aging itself. Cancer and stroke are two critical illnesses in which profound sensory decrements often occur. Many sensory complaints in patients with cancer are related to alteration in sensory signals caused by damage to the sensory receptors. However, some complaints, such as taste aversions in patients with cancer, are not related to altered sensory physiology per se but to learned aversions that arise during the noxious effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The paper also reviews a study in which the sensory performance (of all five senses) was compared in three groups of elderly subjects: (1) patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery; (2) patients with cardio- vascular conditions but with no history of surgery; (3) healthy non-medicated age-matched controls.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Olfactory Dysfunction
    Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Olfactory Dysfunction Seok Hyun Cho Hanyang Med Rev 2014;34:107-115 http://dx.doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2014.34.3.107 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea pISSN 1738-429X eISSN 2234-4446 Olfactory dysfunction is a relatively common disorder that is often under-recognized by Correspondence to: Seok Hyun Cho Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head both patients and clinicians. It occurs more frequently in older ages and men, and decreases and Neck Surgery, Hanyang University patients’ quality of life, as olfactory dysfunction may affect the emotion and memory func- Hospital, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, tions. Three main causes of olfactory dysfunction are sinonasal diseases, upper respiratory Seoul 133-792, Korea Tel: +82-2-2290-8583 viral infection, and head trauma. Olfactory dysfunction is classified quantitatively (hypos- Fax: +82-2-2293-3335 mia and anosmia) and qualitatively (parosmia and phantosmia). From a pathophysiologi- E-mail: [email protected] cal perspective, olfactory dysfunction is also classified by conductive or sensorineural types. All patients with olfactory dysfunction will need a complete history and physical examina- Received 17 April 2014 Revised 23 June 2014 tion to identify any possible or underlying causes and psychophysical olfactory tests are Accepted 3 July 2014 essential to estimate the residual olfactory function, which is the most important prognos- This is an Open Access article distributed under tic factor. CT or MRI may be adjunctively used in some indicated cases such as head trauma the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution and neurodegenerative disorders.
    [Show full text]
  • Achems XLII April 19 – 23, 2021 Virtual Meeting Program & Abstracts
    AChemS XLII April 19 – 23, 2021 Virtual Meeting Program & Abstracts Monday, April 19, 2021 Monday, April 19, 2021 10:00 - 12:00 PM Welcome & Keynote Lecture Chair(s): Max Fletcher Welcome by AChemS 2021 President. Linda Barlow University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Program Highlights. Max Fletcher The University of Tennessee Health Science Center Awards Ceremony. Nirupa Chaudhari University of Miami KEYNOTE: Mouse Facial Expressions Reflect Emotions and Reveal Subjective Value. Nadine Gogolla Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology Questions & Answers Monday, April 19, 2021 12:00 - 1:00 PM Graduate Students and Postdoc Member Meet & Greet (Graduate Students and Postdocs Only) Chair(s): Jess Kanwal, Kellie Hyde, Kara Fulton Monday, April 19, 2021 1:00 - 3:00 PM Cell Types in Taste Buds and Tentacles 1 Chair(s): Thomas Finger, Sue Kinnamon Cell Types in Taste Buds and Tentacles. Thomas Finger Rocky Mtn. Taste & Smell Ctr. / U. Colo Med Sch This symposium will discuss the current thinking about the diversity of cells within taste buds and chemotactile sensory organs of octopus suckers. While octopus suckers may seem an odd juxtaposition, both taste buds and sucker chemosensory receptor cells share the property of being contact chemosensory organs responsive to sapid chemical cues crucial for eliciting feeding. Both sucker chemotactile sensory organs and taste buds possess different morphological types of receptor cells that correlate with different functional properties. Vertebrate taste buds are classically described as possessing 3 types of elongate taste cells yet recent studies suggest additional cell types exist and raise the question of how to define cell types in any chemoreceptor system.
    [Show full text]
  • Olfactory Dysfunction
    Olfactory Dysfunction: By Steven Sobol, MD, MSc; Saul Frenkiel, MD, FRCSC; and Debbie Mouadeb he sense of smell plays an important role in protecting Tman from environmental dangers, such as fire, natural gas leaks and spoiled food. Physiologically, the chemical senses aid in normal digestion by triggering gastrointestinal secretions.1 Smell influences the palatability of food. Defects in the sense of smell are associated with alterations in perceptions of flavor, leading to anorexia and weight loss. Psychologically, smell is powerful in establishing strong positive and negative memories, and affects socialization and interpersonal relationships. Smell dysfunctions often mean considerable disability and a lower quality of life. Loss or decreased olfactory function affects approximately one per cent of Americans under the age of 60 and more than half the population over that age.2 Aside from having a substantial impact on an individual’s quality of life, olfactory dysfunction may signal an underlying disease. Smell disorders have been largely overlooked by the medical community because of a lack of knowledge and understanding of the sense of smell and its disease states, as well its diagnosis and management. Patients with olfactory disorders need to be clinically assessed, and the etiology and anatomical location of their disorder should be sought out. The Canadian Journal of Diagnosis / August 2002 55 Olfactory Dysfunction Summary What are the causes of olfactory dysfunction? 1.Conductive olfactory loss is any process that causes sufficient obstruction in the nose preventing odorant molecules from reaching the olfactory epithelium. 2.Sensorineural olfactory loss is any process that directly affects and impairs either the olfactory epithelium or the central olfactory pathways.
    [Show full text]
  • Alteration, Reduction and Taste Loss: Main Causes and Potential Implications on Dietary Habits
    nutrients Review Alteration, Reduction and Taste Loss: Main Causes and Potential Implications on Dietary Habits Davide Risso 1,* , Dennis Drayna 2 and Gabriella Morini 3 1 Ferrero Group, Soremartec Italia Srl, 12051 Alba, CN, Italy 2 National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; [email protected] 3 University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, Bra, 12042 Pollenzo, CN, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0173-313214 Received: 3 September 2020; Accepted: 23 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Our sense of taste arises from the sensory information generated after compounds in the oral cavity and oropharynx activate taste receptor cells situated on taste buds. This produces the perception of sweet, bitter, salty, sour, or umami stimuli, depending on the chemical nature of the tastant. Taste impairments (dysgeusia) are alterations of this normal gustatory functioning that may result in complete taste losses (ageusia), partial reductions (hypogeusia), or over-acuteness of the sense of taste (hypergeusia). Taste impairments are not life-threatening conditions, but they can cause sufficient discomfort and lead to appetite loss and changes in eating habits, with possible effects on health. Determinants of such alterations are multiple and consist of both genetic and environmental factors, including aging, exposure to chemicals, drugs, trauma, high alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, poor oral health, malnutrition, and viral upper respiratory infections including influenza. Disturbances or loss of smell, taste, and chemesthesis have also emerged as predominant neurological symptoms of infection by the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as by previous both endemic and pandemic coronaviruses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV.
    [Show full text]
  • Olfactory Disturbances —Pathophysiological Findings and the Development of New Therapeutic Procedures—
    Ⅵ Sensory Organ Disorders Olfactory Disturbances —Pathophysiological findings and the development of new therapeutic procedures— JMAJ 47(1): 38–43, 2004 Mitsuru FURUKAWA Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Medicine, Kanazawa University Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis is the most frequent cause of hyposmia. We established a new experimental animal model to investigate pathological findings in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb of rats and describe the possible etiology of hyposmia due to rhinosinusitis. Not only dysfunction of the olfactory epithelium but a central type of hyposmia caused by disorders of the olfactory bulb was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The possible etiology of hyposmia after common colds and dysosmia after traumatic olfactory disorders is also described based on recent studies. Hyposmia after common colds is strongly associated with nasal obstruction, swelling of the nasal mucosa, and edema of the mucosa of the olfactory cleft observed by nasal fiberscopy. Viral infection is consid- ered one of the etiologies of anosmia after common colds, especially in women from 40 to 60 years old, and results in a poor outcome. One possible explanation of olfactory dysosmia is misdirected connections during reinnervation of the olfac- tory bulb by olfactory nerve fibers after apoptotic change of olfactory receptor neurons and traumatic amputations of olfactory filla at the level of ethmoid lamina cribrosa. These findings suggested new ideas for the treatment of patients with different types of olfactory disturbances. Key words: Pathophysiology; Olfactory disturbances; Paranasal sinusitis; Common cold; Parosmia Introduction everyday life. Due to hearing difficulty, aged people tend to be isolated from their commu- The research on gustatory and olfactory senses nities and also from participating in social have not been fully developed as compared to activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Calcification of the Olfactory Bulbs in Three Patients with Hyposmia
    AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:2097–2101, November/December 2003 Case Report Calcification of the Olfactory Bulbs in Three Patients with Hyposmia Stacey L. Ishman, Todd A. Loehrl, and Michelle M. Smith Summary: An estimated two million Americans suffer from Patient 2 chemosensory disorders. We present the clinical and imag- A 49-year-old African-American female patient presented ing findings in three hyposmic patients with bilateral ol- with altered flavor perception and frontal headaches. She did factory bulb calcification detected by CT. To our knowl- not have specific olfactory complaints. Her medical history was edge, these are the first cases of olfactory bulb calcification significant for hypertension, diabetes, seizures, and migraines. reported in the literature. A review of the literature con- She denied any tobacco use, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, or facial pain. Physical examination findings were unremarkable, cerning calcification of cranial nerves, olfactory neuritis, as were those at nasal endoscopy. On UPSIT, the patient and the potential etiology and clinical significance of olfac- correctly identified 87.5% (35/40) of odors on each side, which tory bulb calcification in our patients is presented. classified her condition as mildly hyposmic when her score was adjusted for age. Taste testing results were normal. CT of the sinonasal cavities revealed bilateral olfactory bulb calcification An estimated two million Americans suffer from (Fig 2A). MR images showed no abnormalities of the anterior taste and smell disorders, and as many as 25% of skull base or cerebrum; however, hypointense signal on cases are classified as idiopathic (1). We present three long-TR images was noted in the olfactory bulbs (Fig 2B), patients with hyposmia and olfactory bulb calcifica- corresponding to the dense calcifications shown by CT.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Follow-Up of Surgically Treated Phantosmia
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Long-term Follow-up of Surgically Treated Phantosmia Donald A. Leopold, MD; Todd A. Loehrl, MD; James E. Schwob, MD, PhD Objectives: To determine whether transnasal excision Results: Of 8 patients, 7 have complete and permanent of olfactory epithelium is a safe, effective therapy and to resolution of their phantosmia. Postoperatively, the learn more of the pathogenesis of phantosmia by study- single nostril olfactory ability in the operated-on nostril ing the histological features of the excised mucosa. is decreased in 2 nostrils, remains unchanged in 7, and is improved in 1. The excised olfactory mucosa gener- Design: A retrospective study consisting of a medical re- ally shows a decreased number of neurons, a greater ra- cord review and telephone survey. Follow-up ranged from tio of immature to mature neurons, and disordered 1 to 11 years (average, 5.4 years). Excised tissues were his- growth of axons with some intraepithelial neuromas. tologically processed and descriptively compared with nor- mal and other abnormal olfactory tissues. Conclusions: Surgical excision of olfactory epithelium Setting: Tertiary university medical referral centers. is an effective and safe method to relieve phantosmia while Patients: All patients who presented to the primary au- potentially preserving olfactory ability. The abnormal his- thor (D.A.L.) from 1988 to 1999 with unremitting phan- tological features of the excised olfactory tissue suggest tosmia lasting longer than 4 years. at least some pathological condition in the peripheral ol- factory system. This nasal surgery requires intensive ol- Intervention: Olfactory testing and transnasal endo- factory evaluation and follow-up. It is also extremely dif- scopic excision of olfactory mucosa.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materials Contents: • Supplementary Methods O App Development O Testing Kits • Supplementary Results O Tables: ▪ Supplementary Table S1
    Supplementary Materials Contents: • Supplementary Methods o App development o Testing Kits • Supplementary Results o Tables: ▪ Supplementary Table S1. List of symptom questions asked by the COVID Symptom Study app. ▪ Supplementary Table S2. List of local symptoms caused by the COVID Symptom Study app, caused by vaccination. ▪ Supplementary Table S3: Properties and features of models used in this study. ▪ Supplementary Table S4. Listing of clinical symptoms grouping. ▪ Supplementary Table S5. Profiles of illness in symptomatic individuals after the 1st dose of vaccination (N=145) and 2nd dose (N=4). ▪ Supplementary Table S6. Symptom prevalence and distribution during the first week after vaccination, in symptomatic individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. ▪ Supplementary Table S7. Symptom prevalence and distribution during the first week after vaccination, in symptomatic individuals testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection (1:1 matched cohort). ▪ Supplementary Table S8. Duration of individual symptoms after first vaccination (irrespective of symptom prevalence) in individuals testing positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2 (N=145 for each cohort). ▪ Supplementary Table S9. Demographic information of vaccinated individuals testing positive (N=149) and a constructed cohort of equal size created by bootstrapping testing negative for SARS-CoV-2. o Figures: ▪ Supplementary Figure S1. Profiles of illness in symptomatic individuals early post-vaccination, comparing symptom prevalence (symptom reported at any time during first week) in positive vs. negative cases (N=145 for each cohort), using bootstrapping to construct the negative cohort. ▪ Supplementary Figure S2. Profiles of illness in symptomatic individuals early post-vaccination, comparing symptom prevalence (symptom reported at any time during first week) in individuals testing positive (N=145) vs.
    [Show full text]