DOCSLIB.ORG

Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions Donald Pfaff Yves Christen Editors Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5241 Donald Pfaff • Yves Christen Editors Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology Editors Donald Pfaff Yves Christen Department of Neurobiology & Behavior Fondation Ipsen The Rockefeller University Boulogne Billancourt New York, New York France USA ISSN 1861-2253 ISSN 1863-0685 (electronic) Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions ISBN 978-3-319-41602-1 ISBN 978-3-319-41603-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41603-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946609 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016. This book is published open access. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, a link is provided to the Creative Commons license and any changes made are indicated. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the work’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Introduction Techniques for manipulating neural systems in general and neuroendocrine systems in particular have matured greatly compared to the era in which nerve cell destruc- tion and electrical stimulation provided our main tools. In theory, nerve cell groups connected with hormonal systems should offer strategic advantages to the stem cell biologist because of the wealth of chemically understood regulatory steps to exploit. While the current volume cannot provide a comprehensive review of the quickly evolving applications of stem cell biology, it does provide a first view of some of the early successes and new possibilities. For example, the striking successes of Lorenz Studer with dopamine-expressing neurons may not only prove to be of surpassing importance for Parkinson’s disease but may also shed light on dopaminergic neuron participation in basic processes of behavioral reward. Inna Tabansky, in addition, portrays how neuroendocrine neu- rons derived from stem cells can provide models of disease processes that then could be attacked under well-defined in vitro conditions. In a different type of presentation, Alon Chen provides a vision of how stem cell biology could be applied in a neuroendocrine system crucial for responses to stress: the corticotropin-releasing hormone system. The final chapter, from the highly experienced developmental biology lab of Karine Rizzoti and Robin Lovell-Badge at the Crick Institute, presents an overview from both outside and inside the central nervous system of the likely contributions of such work to the new field of regenerative medicine. New York, NY, USA Donald Pfaff Boulogne Billancourt, France Yves Christen v ThiS is a FM Blank Page Acknowledgments The editors wish to express their gratitude to Mrs. Mary Lynn Gage for her editorial assistance and Mrs. Astrid de Ge´rard for the organization of the meeting. vii ThiS is a FM Blank Page Contents A Brief Overview of Techniques for Modulating Neuroendocrine and Other Neural Systems .................................. 1 Maryem Manzoor and Donald Pfaff Basics of Stem Cell Biology as Applied to the Brain ............... 11 Inna Tabansky and Joel N.H. Stern Human Pluripotent-Derived Lineages for Repairing Hypopituitarism .. 25 Lorenz Studer and Viviane Tabar Recapitulating Hypothalamus and Pituitary Development Using Embryonic Stem/Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ........... 35 Hidetaka Suga Regulation of Body Weight and Metabolism by Tanycyte-Derived Neurogenesis in Young Adult Mice ........................... 51 Seth Blackshaw, Daniel A. Lee, Thomas Pak, and Sooyeon Yoo Genetic Dissection of the Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Responses to Stressful Challenges ..................................... 69 Alon Chen Pituitary Stem Cells: Quest for Hidden Functions ................ 81 Hugo Vankelecom Pituitary Stem Cells During Normal Physiology and Disease ........ 103 Cynthia L. Andoniadou Epigenetic Mechanisms of Pituitary Cell Fate Specification ......... 113 Jacques Drouin ix x Contents Advances in Stem Cells Biology: New Approaches to Understand Depression .............................................. 123 A. Borsini and P.A. Zunszain Perspective on Stem Cells in Developmental Biology, with Special Reference to Neuroendocrine Systems ......................... 135 Karine Rizzoti, Carlotta Pires, and Robin Lovell-Badge List of Contributors Cynthia L. Andoniadou Division of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom Seth Blackshaw Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Balti- more, MD, USA Center for Human Systems Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA A. Borsini Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom Alon Chen Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Jacques Drouin Laboratoire de Ge´ne´tique Mole´culaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montre´al (IRCM), Montre´al, QC, Canada Daniel A. Lee Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, California Institute of Technol- ogy, Pasadena, CA, USA xi xii List of Contributors Robin Lovell-Badge The Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom Maryem Manzoor The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Thomas Pak Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA D. Pfaff The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Carlotta Pires University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark Karine Rizzoti The Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom Joel N.H. Stern Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Department of Autoimmunity, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA Departments of Neurology, Molecular Medicine, and Science Education, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA Lorenz Studer Developmental Biology, The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Hidetaka Suga Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aich, Japan Inna Tabansky Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Viviane Tabar Department of Neurosurgery, The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Hugo Vankelecom Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, Leuven, Belgium Sooyeon Yoo Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA P.A. Zunszain Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Stress, Psychi- atry and Immunology, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom A Brief Overview of Techniques for Modulating Neuroendocrine and Other Neural Systems Maryem Manzoor and Donald Pfaff Abstract The history of experimental approaches to the nervous system forms the backdrop for new opportunities of using stem cell technologies in neuroendocrine systems. The emphasis of this chapter is on attempts at therapeutic maneuvers. A Brief View of the Oldest, Most Primitive Approaches No one uncovers the historical roots, the origins of ancient neuroscience, better than Stanley Finger of the Washington University School
Load more

Recommended publications
  • With His Knack for Knowing What Stem Cells Want, Yoshiki Sasai Has Grown an Eye and Parts of a Brain in a Dish
    THE BRAINMAKER BY DAVID CYRANOSKI With his knack for knowing what stem cells want, Yoshiki Sasai has grown an eye and parts of a brain in a dish. n December 2010, Robin Ali became suddenly coaxing neural stem cells to grow into elaborate structures. excited by the usually mundane task of reviewing As well as the optic cup1, he has cultivated the delicate tissue a scientific paper. “I was running around my room, layers of the cerebral cortex2 and a rudimentary, hormone- I waving the manuscript,” he recalls. The paper making pituitary gland3. He is now well on the way to growing described how a clump of embryonic stem cells had grown a cerebellum4 — the brain structure that coordinates move- into a rounded goblet of retinal tissue. The structure, called ment and balance. “These papers make for the most addictive an optic cup, forms the back of the eye in a growing embryo. series of stem-cell papers in recent years,” says Luc Leyns, a But this one was in a dish, and videos accompanying the paper stem-cell scientist at the Free University of Brussels. showed the structure slowly sprouting and blossoming. For Sasai’s work is more than tissue engineering: it tackles HANS SAUTTER Ali, an ophthalmologist at University College London who questions that have puzzled developmental biologists for has devoted two decades to repairing vision, the implications decades. How do the proliferating stem cells of an embryo were immediate. “It was clear to me it was a landmark paper,” organize themselves seamlessly into the complex structures he says.
    [Show full text]
  • Acid Bath Offers Easy Path to Stem Cells
    NEWS IN FOCUS that the pluripotent cells were converted mature cells and not pre-existing pluripotent cells. So she made pluripotent cells by stressing T cells, a type of white blood cell whose maturity is clear from a rearrangement that its genes undergo OBOKATA HARUKO during development. She also caught the con- version of T cells to pluripotent cells on video. Obokata called the phenomenon stimulus- triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP). The results could fuel a long-running debate. For years, various groups of scientists have reported finding pluripotent cells in the mam- malian body, such as the multipotent adult pro- genitor cells described4 by Catherine Verfaillie, a molecular biologist then at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. But others have had difficulty reproducing such findings. Obokata started the current project in the laboratory of tissue engineer Charles Vacanti at Harvard Uni- versity in Cambridge, Massachusetts, by looking at cells that Vacanti’s group thought to be pluri- potent cells isolated from the body5. But her A mouse embryo injected with cells made pluripotent through stress, tagged with a fluorescent protein. results suggested a different explanation: that pluripotent cells are created when the body’s REGENERATIVE MEDICINE cells endure physical stress. “The generation of these cells is essentially Mother Nature’s way of responding to injury,” says Vacanti, a co-author of the latest papers2,3. Acid bath offers easy One of the most surprising findings is that the STAP cells can also form placental tissue, something that neither iPS cells nor embryonic path to stem cells stem cells can do.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Kenji Mizuseki, M.D., Ph.D
    Curriculum Vitae Kenji Mizuseki, M.D., Ph.D. Personal Information Office address Allen Institute for Brain Science 551 N 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103, U.S.A. Office phone 1-206-548-8417 Cell phone 1-973-202-4325 E-mail [email protected] [email protected] Web http://www.alleninstitute.org/our-institute/our-team/profiles/kenji-mizuseki Research Experience Senior Scientist, September 2012 – present Allen Institute for Brain Science, WA, U.S.A Research Assistant Professor, March 2012 – August 2012 Neuroscience Institute, New York University, NY, U.S.A. Advisor: Prof. György Buzsáki Research Assistant Professor, March 2009 – March 2012 Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, NJ, U.S.A. Advisor: Prof. György Buzsáki Post-doctoral Fellow, April 2004 – March 2009 Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, NJ, U.S.A. Advisor: Prof. György Buzsáki Staff Research Scientist, March 2002 – March 2004 Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan Advisor: late Dr. Yoshiki Sasai, Group Leader Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, April 2000 – February 2002 Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Advisor: late Prof. Yoshiki Sasai Page 1 of 8 Kenji Mizuseki Education Ph.D. in Medicine, March 2000 Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Advisors: Prof. Shigetada Nakanishi and late Associate Prof. Yoshiki Sasai M.D., March 1996 Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Publications Diba,K., Amarasingham. A., Mizuseki,K., and Buzsáki, G. (2014). Millisecond timescale synchrony among hippocampal neurons. J. Neurosci. 34, 14984-14994. Schomburg, E.W., Fernández-Ruiz, A., Mizuseki, K., Berényi, A., Anastassiou, C.A., Koch, C., and Buzsáki, G.
    [Show full text]
  • Folliculo-Stellate Cells: Paracrine Communicators in the Anterior Pituitary John Morris* and Helen Christian*
    The Open Neuroendocrinology Journal, 2011, 4, 77-89 77 Open Access Folliculo-stellate Cells: Paracrine Communicators in the Anterior Pituitary John Morris* and Helen Christian* Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK Abstract: Most research on the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) has concentrated on the endocrine cells characterized by their complement of cytoplasmic dense-cored vesicles containing the classic anterior pituitary hormones. However it has become increasingly clear over the last 20 years that cells first identified more than 50 years ago in the basis that they lack such dense-cored vesicles and now known generically as folliculo-stellate or follicular cells have important physiological functions and act as an adenohypophysis wide communication system. This brief review reveals the need for this communication system, what we know of the plethora of products secreted by Folliculo-Stellate cells, the many receptors to which they respond, and in particular, the role of these enigmatic cells in the physiology of the stress/immune axis, the gonadotroph cells and the pituitary vasculature. Finally we review the current evidence that cells in this category can act as stem cells in the adult pituitary. Keywords: Annexin 1, ABC-transporter, folliculo-stellate. THE NEED FOR COMMUNICATION IN THE basis of morphological criteria [4]. They were named for ANTERIOR PITUITARY their extensive star-like radiating processes and for the microvillus-lined follicles which are formed where the F-S The need for local communication in the nervous system has always been accepted, but has often been overlooked in cells come together.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Respiratory Circuits That Control Diaphragm Function in Cat Revealed by Transneuronal Tracing
    CENTRAL RESPIRATORY CIRCUITS THAT CONTROL DIAPHRAGM FUNCTION IN CAT REVEALED BY TRANSNEURONAL TRACING by James H. Lois B. S. in Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 2006 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M. S. in Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh 2008 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by James H. Lois It was defended on July 30, 2008 and approved by J. Patrick Card, PhD Linda Rinaman, PhD Alan Sved, PhD Thesis Advisor: J. Patrick Card, PhD ii Copyright © by James H. Lois 2008 iii CENTRAL RESPIRATORY CIRCUITS THAT CONTROL DIAPHRAGM FUNCTION IN CAT REVEALED BY TRANSNEURONAL TRACING James H. Lois, M. S. University of Pittsburgh, 2008 Previous transneuronal tracing studies in the rat and ferret have identified regions throughout the spinal cord, medulla, and pons that are synaptically linked to the diaphragm muscle; however, the extended circuits that innervate the diaphragm of the cat have not been well defined. The N2C strain of rabies virus has been shown to be an effective transneuronal retrograde tracer of the polysynaptic circuits innervating a single muscle. Rabies was injected throughout the left costal region of the diaphragm in the cat to identify brain regions throughout the neuraxis that influence diaphragm function. Infected neurons were localized throughout the cervical and thoracic spinal cord with a concentration of labeling in the vicinity of the phrenic nucleus where diaphragm motoneurons are known to reside. Infection was also found throughout the medulla and pons particularly around the regions of the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups and the medial and lateral reticular formations but also in several other areas including the caudal raphe nuclei, parabrachial nuclear complex, vestibular nuclei, ventral paratrigeminal area, lateral reticular nucleus, and retrotrapezoid nucleus.
    [Show full text]
  • March 30, 2012, NIH Record, Vol. LXIV, No. 7
    MARCH 30, 2012 The Second Best Thing About Payday VOL. LXIV, NO. 7 Brace for More BRAC-Related Commuting Challenges ou may have noticed some roadway changes to support the integration of Wal- ter Reed Army Medical Center with the National Naval Medical Center. Already ABOVE · What is IT? See p. 2 for hints. Y we experience long waits to exit onto Rockville Pike in the evenings and additional congestion in the mornings, adding time and frustration to our daily commute. For features the estimated 18,000 NIH staff who work on the Bethesda campus along with our patients and visitors, it will only get worse before it gets better. 1 Roadway construction to support Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) for the new NIH Urges Employees to Explore Alternatives to Car Commutes Walter Reed National Military Medical Center started earlier this month. Ex- 3 pect additional delays related to con- Collins To Keynote TEDMED Talks struction of new turn lanes and par- 5 tial widening of Wisconsin Ave., Jones ‘Feedback’ Features Child Care Bridge Rd., and Cedar Ln. Portions of Question Rockville Pike and Connecticut Ave. in 12 Bethesda and North Chevy Chase will NIH’s CFC Success Celebrated see construction work for 3 years. see brac, page 6 One of the busiest intersections in the nation— departments Rockville Pike at Cedar Lane— will get busier. Former NIH Colleagues Kuller Outlines Difficulties in Fighting Briefs 2 Daytons Collaborate on Novel of Iran The Obesity Epidemic Feedback 5 By Rich McManus By Trisha Comsti Digest 9 Dr. Andrew Imbrie Dayton, a senior investi- The rise and spread of obesity in the United Milestones 10 gator at FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation States is a serious concern for everyone, young Seen 12 and Research in Bldg.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Organization of Projections from the Oval and Fusiform Nuclei of the Bed Nuclei of the Stria Terminalis in Adult Rat Brain
    THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 436:430–455 (2001) Basic Organization of Projections From the Oval and Fusiform Nuclei of the Bed Nuclei of the Stria Terminalis in Adult Rat Brain HONG-WEI DONG,1,2 GORICA D. PETROVICH,3 ALAN G. WATTS,1 AND LARRY W. SWANSON1* 1Neuroscience Program and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-2520 2Institute of Neuroscience, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shannxi 710032, China 3Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 ABSTRACT The organization of axonal projections from the oval and fusiform nuclei of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) was characterized with the Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHAL) anterograde tracing method in adult male rats. Within the BST, the oval nucleus (BSTov) projects very densely to the fusiform nucleus (BSTfu) and also innervates the caudal anterolateral area, anterodorsal area, rhomboid nucleus, and subcommissural zone. Outside the BST, its heaviest inputs are to the caudal substantia innominata and adjacent central amygdalar nucleus, retrorubral area, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. It generates moderate inputs to the caudal nucleus accumbens, parasubthalamic nucleus, and medial and ventrolateral divisions of the periaqueductal gray, and it sends a light input to the anterior parvicellular part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract. The BSTfu displays a much more complex projection pattern. Within the BST, it densely innervates the anterodorsal area, dorsomedial nucleus, and caudal anterolateral area, and it moderately innervates the BSTov, subcommissural zone, and rhomboid nucleus. Outside the BST, the BSTfu provides dense inputs to the nucleus accumbens, caudal substantia innominata and central amygdalar nucleus, thalamic paraventricular nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular and periventricular nuclei, hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus, perifornical lateral hypothalamic area, and lateral tegmental nucleus.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain-Implantable Biomimetic Electronics As the Next Era in Neural Prosthetics
    Brain-Implantable Biomimetic Electronics as the Next Era in Neural Prosthetics THEODORE W. BERGER, MICHEL BAUDRY, ROBERTA DIAZ BRINTON, JIM-SHIH LIAW, VASILIS Z. MARMARELIS, FELLOW, IEEE, ALEX YOONDONG PARK, BING J. SHEU, FELLOW, IEEE, AND ARMAND R. TANGUAY, JR. Invited Paper An interdisciplinary multilaboratory effort to develop an im- has been developed—silicon-based multielectrode arrays that are plantable neural prosthetic that can coexist and bidirectionally “neuromorphic,” i.e., designed to conform to the region-specific communicate with living brain tissue is described. Although the final cytoarchitecture of the brain. When the “neurocomputational” and achievement of such a goal is many years in the future, it is proposed “neuromorphic” components are fully integrated, our vision is that that the path to an implantable prosthetic is now definable, allowing the resulting prosthetic, after intracranial implantation, will receive the problem to be solved in a rational, incremental manner.Outlined electrical impulses from targeted subregions of the brain, process in this report is our collective progress in developing the underlying the information using the hardware model of that brain region, and science and technology that will enable the functions of specific communicate back to the functioning brain. The proposed prosthetic brain damaged regions to be replaced by multichip modules con- microchips also have been designed with parameters that can be sisting of novel hybrid analog/digital microchips. The component optimized after implantation, allowing each prosthetic to adapt to a microchips are “neurocomputational” incorporating experimen- particular user/patient. tally based mathematical models of the nonlinear dynamic and adaptive properties of biological neurons and neural networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Central and Peripheral Peptides Regulating Eating
    REVIEW Central and Peripheral Peptides Regulating Eating Behaviour and Energy Homeostasis in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: A Literature Review Alfonso Tortorella1, Francesca Brambilla2, Michele Fabrazzo1, Umberto Volpe1, Alessio Maria Monteleone1, Daniele Mastromo1 & Palmiero Monteleone1,3* 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Napoli, Italy 2Department of Psychiatry, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy 3Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy Abstract A large body of literature suggests the occurrence of a dysregulation in both central and peripheral modulators of appetite in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), but at the moment, the state or trait-dependent nature of those changes is far from being clear. It has been proposed, although not definitively proved, that peptide alterations, even when secondary to malnutrition and/or to aberrant eating behaviours, might contribute to the genesis and the maintenance of some symptomatic aspects of AN and BN, thus affecting the course and the prognosis of these disorders. This review focuses on the most significant literature studies that explored the physiology of those central and peripheral peptides, which have prominent effects on eating behaviour, body weight and energy homeostasis in patients with AN and BN. The relevance of peptide dysfunctions for the pathophysiology of eating disorders is critically discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. Received 2 April 2014; Revised 14 May 2014; Accepted 15 May 2014 Keywords anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa; eating disorders; neuroendocrinology; feeding regulators; central peptides; peripheral peptides *Correspondence Palmiero Monteleone, MD, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Eating Disorders
    Hormones and Behavior 50 (2006) 572–578 www.elsevier.com/locate/yhbeh Understanding eating disorders Per Södersten ⁎, Cecilia Bergh, Michel Zandian Karolinska Institutet, Section of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Center for Eating Disorders, AB Mando, Novum, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden Received 16 May 2006; revised 20 June 2006; accepted 21 June 2006 Available online 4 August 2006 Abstract The outcome in eating disorders remains poor and commonly used methods of treatment have little, if any effect. It is suggested that this situation has emerged because of the failure to realize that the symptoms of eating disorder patients are epiphenomena to starvation and the associated disordered eating. Humans have evolved to cope with the challenge of starvation and the neuroendocrine mechanisms that have been under this evolutionary pressure are anatomically versatile and show synaptic plasticity to allow for flexibility. Many of the neuroendocrine changes in starvation are responses to the externally imposed shortage of food and the associated neuroendocrine secretions facilitate behavioral adaptation as needed rather than make an individual merely eat more or less food. A parsimonious, neurobiologically realistic explanation why eating disorders develop and why they are maintained is offered. It is suggested that the brain mechanisms of reward are activated when food intake is reduced and that disordered eating behavior is subsequently maintained by conditioning to the situations in which the disordered eating behavior developed via the neural system for attention. In a method based on this framework, patients are taught how to eat normally, their physical activity is controlled and they are provided with external heat. The method has been proven effective in a randomized controlled trial.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroscience-Inspired Dynamic Architectures
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2015 Neuroscience-Inspired Dynamic Architectures Catherine Dorothy Schuman University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Commons, and the Theory and Algorithms Commons Recommended Citation Schuman, Catherine Dorothy, "Neuroscience-Inspired Dynamic Architectures. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2015. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3361 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Catherine Dorothy Schuman entitled "Neuroscience-Inspired Dynamic Architectures." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Computer Science. J. Douglas Birdwell, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Mark E. Dean, Tsewei Wang, Itamar Arel, Bruce MacLennan Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2015 Neuroscience-Inspired Dynamic Architectures Catherine Dorothy Schuman University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • Kyle Lynn Gobrogge, Ph.D. (P): (617) 485-6861 | (E): [email protected]
    2 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 Kyle Lynn Gobrogge, Ph.D. (P): (617) 485-6861 | (E): [email protected] Academic Appointments Research Recognition Lecturer, Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience Trainee Development Research Award 2016 Boston University | 2019 – Present Society for Neuroscience • Instructor, Principles of Neuroscience Lab | Undergraduate • Instructor , Molecular and Cell Biology Lab | Undergraduate Postdoctoral Research Award | 2016 Tufts University School of Medicine Part Time Lecturer, Psychology Department Northeastern University | 2017 – Present Graduate Student Research Award | 2016 • Instructor, Abnormal Psychology | Undergraduate Office of Research, Florida State University • Instructor, Drugs and Behavior | Undergraduate • Instructor, Personality Psychology | Undergraduate • Instructor, Developmental Psychology | Undergraduate New Investigator Award | 2009 Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Adjunct Assistant Professor, Human Development Program European Science Foundation Emerging Hellenic College Holy Cross | 2017 – Present • Instructor, Research Methods | Undergraduate Investigator Award | 2009 • Instructor, Neuroscience | Undergraduate • Instructor, Lifespan | Undergraduate Postdoctoral Research Poster Award | 2008 • Instructor, Statistics | Undergraduate International Society for Research on Aggression Instructor, Behavioral Neuroscience Yale University | Summer 2017 Travel Award | 2008 Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Behavioral Neuroscience Boston College | 2016
    [Show full text]