DOCSLIB.ORG

Langue Et Discours De La Contestation. Enjeux Et Représentations Des Luttes Sociales Et Politiques En Italie

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Langue Et Discours De La Contestation. Enjeux Et Représentations Des Luttes Sociales Et Politiques En Italie Langue et discours de la contestation. Enjeux et repr´esentations des luttes sociales et politiques en Italie (1967 - 1980) Ilaria Vezzani To cite this version: Ilaria Vezzani. Langue et discours de la contestation. Enjeux et repr´esentations des luttes sociales et politiques en Italie (1967 - 1980). Litt´eratures.Ecole normale sup´erieurede lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2013ENSL0852>. <tel-01015847> HAL Id: tel-01015847 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015847 Submitted on 27 Jun 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THÈSE en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur de l’Université de Lyon, délivré par l’École Normale Supérieure de Lyon Discipline : Italien Laboratoire TRIANGLE – UMR 5206 École Doctorale Philosophie, Histoire, Créations, Représentations (ED 487) présentée et soutenue publiquement le 15 novembre 2013 par Madame Ilaria Vezzani LANGUE ET DISCOURS DE LA CONTESTATION ENJEUX ET REPRÉSENTATIONS DES LUTTES SOCIALES ET POLITIQUES EN ITALIE (1967-1980) Directeur de thèse : M. le Professeur Jean-Claude ZANCARINI (Ens de Lyon), Après l'avis de : Mme Marie-Anne Matard-Bonucci M. Christophe Mileschi Devant la commission d'examen formée de : Guido Crainz (Università degli studi di Teramo), Examinateur Pierre Girard (Université Lyon III), Examinateur Marie-Anne Matard-Bonucci (Université Paris 8), Rapporteur Christophe Mileschi (Université Paris X), Rapporteur Jean-Claude Zancarini (Ens de Lyon), Directeur 1 Laboratoire Triangle - UMR 5206 Action, discours, pensée politique et économique ENS de Lyon 15, parvis René Descartes 69342 Lyon Cedex 07 École Doctorale Philosophie, Histoire, Créations, Représentations (ED 487) Université Lyon 3 18 rue Chevreuil 69007 Lyon 2 Résumé de la thèse en français : La thèse porte sur la langue et les discours de la contestation en Italie dans les années 1970. L’étude vise à définir les enjeux et les représentations qui ont prévalu dans l’utilisation de certains mots plutôt que d’autres, en essayant de se placer du point de vue des acteurs qui ont vécu la période. Elle analyse d’une part l’utilisation de certains mots dans la langue politique de l'époque, en la comparant avec la production analogue précédente, et notamment avec les traditions politiques de référence. Elle étudie d'autre part la spécificité de la langue de la période en s’interrogeant sur la question d’un lexique politique propre à une époque donnée. Elle étudie enfin les débats linguistiques qui ont accompagné cette modification du lexique politique, en s’attachant plus particulièrement aux textes qui ont marqué des tournants linguistiques et idéologiques. L’étude vise à adopter une démarche scientifique qui comprend une historicisation précise des textes et des enjeux de leur écriture et qui a été définie par l’expression « philologie politique ». À travers la description d'un corpus très varié, comportant les textes politiques de référence (articles de journaux, tracts, affiches, documents théoriques, débats) produits par les organisations majeures d’extrême gauche (gauche extraparlementaire, mouvements, lutte armée) et leur interaction avec d’autres types de discours (Pci, Dc, presse) ; mais aussi des textes historiographiques et différentes formes de témoignage, cette étude pose la question plus générale de la création d’une langue politique propre à une époque donnée et du caractère particulier de la langue politique des années 1970 en Italie. Mots clés en français : Stratégie de la tension/ Massacre d’Etat (Strage di stato) Mouvements collectifs/ Violence politique Lutte armée /Terrorisme Compromis historique/Démocratie Société civile/Etat/Pouvoir Italie / 1967-1980 3 Title Language and debates of protests Stakes and representations of political and social conflicts in Italy (1967-1980) Abstract The dissertation tackles the language and the debates of protests in Italy in the Seventies. The research looks at defining the stakes and the representations that have been predominant through the use of certain words instead of others, by trying to show the point of view of the stakeholders that have lived this historical period. On one hand, the use of certain words utilized in the political language of that time has been analyzed, and compared with the precedent analogue production, notably with the political traditions of reference. On the other hand, the dissertation tackles the specificity of the language of that period by questioning the theme of a political vocabulary relatively of a specific time. Eventually, an analysis is made of the linguistic debates that have gone along with this change in the political vocabulary, by linking itself in particular to the writings that have marked linguistic and ideological turning points. The study aims at adopting a scientific method that entails a precise historization of the texts and the stakes connected to their writing which has been defined with the expression of « political philology ». The research utilizes the description of a very diversified collection of documents that include the political writings of reference (newspaper articles, leaflets, posters, theoretical documents, debates) produced by the main organizations of the extreme left wing (extra parliamentary left wing, movements, armed struggle) and their interaction with different types of speeches (PCI, DC, press); moreover the study includes historiographic texts and different forms of witness’ documents. The aim is to discuss more generally the creation of a political language belonging to a specific time and the particular character of the political language in the Seventies in Italy. Key Words in English Strategy of Tension / State Massacre Collective Movements/Political Violence Armed Struggle/Terrorism Historical Compromise/Democracy Civil Society/State/Power Italy 1967/1980 4 TABLE DES MATIÈRES LANGUE ET DISCOURS DE LA CONTESTATION ENJEUX ET REPRÉSENTATION DES LUTTES POLITIQUES ET SOCIALES EN ITALIE 1967-1980 INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________________ 9 I. Langue et discours ______________________________________________ 10 II. Les agents des discours et les sources _____________________________ 14 III. Des « années de plomb » ? _____________________________________ 17 IV. Thèse ______________________________________________________ 20 V. Langue et histoire ____________________________________________ 23 VI. La philologie politique _________________________________________ 28 Chapitre 1 _________________________________________________________ 33 L’origine des discours de la violence en Italie ______________________________ 33 Analyse et reconstruction des traditions langagières des années 1970 ___________ 33 I. L'Après-Guerre et la Résistance (1943-1950) _________________________ 34 1) La référence à la Résistance dans la langue des années 1970 _________ 34 2) L’idée d’une filiation « existentielle » ___________________________ 44 II. La question du conflit entre la société et l'Etat et le retour à la Résistance _ 49 1) La répression violente des luttes ouvrières dans les années 1950 et 1960 52 a) De Modène à Turin, en passant par Reggio Emilia (1950-1962) ______ 52 b) L’apparition de nouveaux concepts: l’opéraïsme, l’ouvrier-masse, et le renouveau du concept d’ autonomie ouvrière ______________________________ 61 2) Les « acrobaties nominalistes » du Pci __________________________ 67 3) Le retour du fascisme : l'extrême droite et la « guerre non-orthodoxe » _ 73 4) Conclusion ________________________________________________ 78 Chapitre 2 _________________________________________________________ 81 Le renouveau linguistique de 1968 : du « spontanéisme » à « l’organisation » ____ 81 I. L'apparition de nouvelles pratiques politiques et langagières _____________ 83 1) Le langage de 1968 _________________________________________ 83 2) Deux exemples : l’« Université négative » de Trente et « Il Potere operaio » de Pise _____________________________________________________ 89 a) L’ « Université négative » de Trente ____________________________ 89 b) Il Potere operaio de Pise_____________________________________ 95 3) Le « pouvoir étudiant » et le Pci ______________________________ 102 II. Après 1968, la recherche de nouvelles formes d’organisation politique __ 106 1) La naissance des organisations extraparlementaires _______________ 106 2) Les travaux de Patrizia Violi sur le langage de Lc et de Po _________ 111 a) Les caractéristiques langagières de Potere Operaio _______________ 111 b) Les caractéristiques langagières de Lotta Continua _______________ 113 3) Les discours des journaux Lotta continua et Potere operaio : la « qualité des temps » et la « guerre » _____________________________________________ 117 4) Conclusion _______________________________________________ 124 Chapitre 3 ________________________________________________________ 127 Piazza Fontana, 12 décembre1969, un tournant? __________________________ 127 I. Le massacre de piazza Fontana et la « stratégie de la tension » : les réactions de la presse au lendemain des bombes: le début de la guerre
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Secrets and Bombs: the Piazza Fontana Bombing and the Strategy of Tension - Luciano Lanza
    Secrets and Bombs: The Piazza Fontana bombing and the Strategy of Tension - Luciano Lanza Secrets and Bombs 21: TIMETABLE – A Basic Chronology (with video links) January 29, 2012 // 1 2 Votes Gladio (Italian section of the Clandestine Planning Committee (CPC), founded in 1951 and overseen by SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe) 1969 25 April — Two bombs explode in Milan: one at the FIAT stand at the Trade Fair and another at the bureau de change in the Banca Nazionale delle Communicazione at Central Station. Dozens are injured but none seriously. AnarchistsEliane Vincileone, Giovanni Corradini, Paolo Braschi,Paolo Faccioli, Angelo Piero Della Savia and Tito Pulsinelliare arrested soon after. 2 July — Unified Socialist Party (PSU), created out of an amalgamation of the PSI and the PSDI on 30 October 1966, splits into the PSI and the PSU. 5 July — Crisis in the three-party coalition government (DC, PSU and PRI) led by Mariano Rumor. 5 August — Rumor takes the helm of a single party (DC — Christian Democrat) government. 9 August — Ten bombs planted on as many trains. Eight explode and 12 people are injured. 7 December — Corradini and Vincileone are released from jail for lack of evidence. Gladio 12 December — Four bombs explode. One planted in the Banca Nazionale dell’Agricoltura in the Piazza Fontana in Milan claims 16 lives and wounds a further hundred people. In Rome a bomb explodes in the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, wounding 14, and two devices go off at the cenotaph in the Piazza Venezia, wounding 4. Another bomb — unexploded — is discovered at the Banca Commerciale in the Piazza della Scala in Milan.
    [Show full text]
  • Emily Jacir: Europa 30 Sep 2015 – 3 Jan 2016 Large Print Labels and Interpretation Galleries 1, 8 & 9
    Emily Jacir: Europa 30 Sep 2015 – 3 Jan 2016 Large print labels and interpretation Galleries 1, 8 & 9 1 Gallery 1 Emily Jacir: Europa For nearly two decades Emily Jacir has built a captivating and complex artistic practice through installation, photography, sculpture, drawing and moving image. As poetic as it is political, her work investigates movement, exchange, transformation, resistance and silenced historical narratives. This exhibition focuses on Jacir’s work in Europe: Italy and the Mediterranean in particular. Jacir often unearths historic material through performative gestures and in-depth research. The projects in Europa also explore acts of translation, figuration and abstraction. (continues on next page) 2 At the heart of the exhibition is Material for a film (2004– ongoing), an installation centred around the story of Wael Zuaiter, a Palestinian intellectual who was assassinated outside his home in Rome by Israeli Mossad agents in 1972. Taking an unrealised proposal by Italian filmmakers Elio Petri and Ugo Pirro to create a fi lm about Zuaiter’s life as her starting point, the resulting installation contains documents, photographs, and sound elements, including Mahler’s 9th Symphony as one of the soundtracks to the work. linz diary (2003), is a performance by Jacir captured by one of the city’s live webcams that photographed the artist as she posed by a fountain in a public square in Linz, Austria, at 6pm everyday, over 26 days. During the performance Jacir would send the captured webcam photo of herself to her email list along with a small diary entry. In the series from Paris to Riyadh (drawings for my mother) (1998–2001), a collection of white vellum papers dotted with black ink are delicately placed side by side.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Italy's Past Through Historical Crime Fiction, Films, and Tv
    INVESTIGATING ITALY’S PAST THROUGH HISTORICAL CRIME FICTION, FILMS, AND TV SERIES Murder in the Age of Chaos B P ITALIAN AND ITALIAN AMERICAN STUDIES AND ITALIAN ITALIAN Italian and Italian American Studies Series Editor Stanislao G. Pugliese Hofstra University Hempstead , New York, USA Aims of the Series This series brings the latest scholarship in Italian and Italian American history, literature, cinema, and cultural studies to a large audience of spe- cialists, general readers, and students. Featuring works on modern Italy (Renaissance to the present) and Italian American culture and society by established scholars as well as new voices, it has been a longstanding force in shaping the evolving fi elds of Italian and Italian American Studies by re-emphasizing their connection to one another. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14835 Barbara Pezzotti Investigating Italy’s Past through Historical Crime Fiction, Films, and TV Series Murder in the Age of Chaos Barbara Pezzotti Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand Italian and Italian American Studies ISBN 978-1-137-60310-4 ISBN 978-1-349-94908-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-94908-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948747 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Gli Anni Di Piombo Nella Letteratura E Nell'arte Degli Anni Duemila
    Facultad de Filología Departamento de Filología Moderna Área de Estudios italianos Gli anni di piombo nella letteratura e nell’arte degli anni Duemila TESIS DOCTORAL AUTORA: LILIA ZANELLI DIRECTORA: CELIA ARAMBURU SÁNCHEZ SALAMANCA 2018 II Esta Tesis Doctoral ha sido realizada bajo la dirección de la Profesora Celia Aramburu Sánchez Fdo. III IV Non posso terminare questo lavoro senza ringraziare, in primo luogo, la professoressa Celia Aramburu Sánchez, per gli insegnamenti ed il tempo che mi ha dedicato fin dall’inizio di questa ricerca, per la pazienza nel rispondere ai tanti dubbi che le sottoponevo, per la passione con la quale abbiamo condiviso questo tema, per avermi saputo orientare, consigliare, correggere, e non ultimo incoraggiare durante questi anni. Grazie anche a tutti i professori dell’Área de Estudios italianos dell’Università di Salamanca i cui insegnamenti spero di essere riuscita a plasmare nell’elaborazione di questa tesi. Un ringraziamento speciale anche alla professoressa Alessandra Zanobetti che è stata mia tutor durante il mio soggiorno presso l’università di Bologna e che ho ritrovato con piacere dopo tanti anni, senza la quale la ricerca riguardante la parte giuridica di questa tesi non sarebbe stata possibile. Grazie alla mia famiglia e poi agli amici più cari che hanno sopportato le assenze, le preoccupazioni ed incertezze e in particolare a mio cugino Maurizio Morini, testimone diretto degli “anni di piombo” e fonte di ispirazione. Grazie, Javier e Paola, per il vostro amore, per l’aiuto enorme che mi avete prestato e per avere sempre creduto in me. V VI Indice ABBREVIATURE IMPIEGATE XIII INTRODUZIONE 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Milan and the Memory of Piazza Fontana Elena Caoduro Terrorism
    Performing Reconciliation: Milan and the Memory of Piazza Fontana Elena Caoduro Terrorism was arguably the greatest challenge faced by Western Europe in the 1970s with the whole continent shaken by old resentments which turned into violent revolt: Corsican separatists in France, German speaking minorities in Italy’s South Tyrol, and Flemish nationalists in Belgium. Throughout that decade more problematic situations escalated in the Basque Provinces and Northern Ireland, where ETA and the Provisional IRA, as well as the Loyalist paramilitary groups (such as the UVF, and UDA) participated in long armed campaigns. According to Tony Judt, two countries in particular, West Germany and Italy, witnessed a different violent wave, as the radical ideas of 1968 did not harmlessly dissipate, but turned into a ‘psychosis of self- justifying aggression’ (2007, p. 469). In Italy, the period between 1969 and 1983, where political terrorism reached its most violent peak, is often defined as anni di piombo, ‘the years of lead’. This idiomatic expression derives from the Italian title given to Margarethe Von Trotta’s Die bleierne Zeit (1981, W. Ger, 106 mins.), also known in the UK as The German Sisters and in the USA as Marianne and Juliane.1 Following the film’s Golden Lion award at the 1981 Venice Film Festival, the catchy phrase ‘years of lead’ entered common language, and is now accepted as a unifying term for the various terrorist phenomena occurred in the long 1970s, both in Italy and West Germany. By the mid 1980s, however, terrorism had begun to decline in Italy. Although isolated episodes of left-wing violence continued to occur – two governmental consultants were murdered in 1999 and in 2002 respectively – special laws and the reorganisation of anti-terrorist police forces enabled its eradication, as did the 1 collaboration of many former radical militants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ugo Tognazzi: a Film Series
    Presents Ugo Tognazzi: a Film Series Saturday, April 27, 2019 Castro Theatre 429 Castro Street San Francisco, CA 94114 In collaboration with The Italian Cultural Institute and the Consul General of Italy in San Francisco Organized by Cinema Italia San Francisco For our 9th program at the Castro Theatre, we are proud to present Italian icon Ugo Tognazzi. As an actor, director and screenwriter, Tognazzi performed in over 150 films in the Golden Age of Italian Cinema. Together with Vittorio Gassman, Marcello Mastroianni, Alberto Sordi and Nino Manfredi, Ugo Tognazzi invented and popularized the commedia all'italiana, a genre mixing comedy and melancholy, that swept the box office in Italy from 1960 to 1970. All five films will be projected from 35 mm prints. 1 Saturday, April 27 - Full Schedule: 10:00 am - Elio Petri’s Property is No Longer a Theft (1973), 127 min., Cinecittà 35 mm, Titanus. 12:45 pm - Bernardo Bertolucci’s Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man (1981), 116 min., Cinecittà 35 mm, Warner Bros. 3:30 pm - Dir. Dino Risi’s In the Name of the Italian People (1971), 102 min., Cinecittà 35 mm, Rialto. 6:30 pm - Édouard Molinaro’s La Cage aux Folles (1978), 97 min., 35 mm, Park Circus. 8:30-10:00 pm - The Big Feast Party 10:00 pm - Marco Ferreri’s La Grande Bouffe (1973), 129 min., Cinecittà 35 mm, Drafthouse. Property is No Longer a Theft La proprietà non è più un furto Directed by Elio Petri Screenplay by Elio Petri, Ugo Pirro With Ugo Tognazzi, Flavio Bucci, Daria Nicolodi In Italian with English subtitles.
    [Show full text]
  • Accidental Death of an Anarchist DARIO FO 1970
    Accidental Death of an Anarchist DARIO FO 1970 https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/accidental-death-anarchist INTRODUCTION Dario Fo's Accidental Death of an Anarchist (1970) responds to events unfolding in Italy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Generally, it looks at police corruption and suspicions regarding the government's collusion in this corruption. More specifically, it addresses the actual death of an anarchist who was being held in police custody following the bombing of a Milan bank that killed sixteen people and wounded about ninety. The police asserted that the anarchist's death was a suicide, that the man threw himself from a fourth-floor window in despair at being found out for his crime. At the subsequent inquest, the presiding judge declared the death not a suicide but an accident. Most Italians believed that the death was the result of overly harsh interrogation techniques, if not a case of outright murder on the part of the interrogators. Accidental Death of an Anarchist is mainly about police corruption, underscored by the play's focus on impersonation, infiltration, and double-talk. A fast-talking major character, the Maniac, infiltrates a police headquarters. Posing as an investigating judge, he tricks the policemen into contradicting themselves and admitting that they are part of a cover-up involving the death of an anarchist. In infiltrating police headquarters by misrepresenting himself (impersonation), the Maniac reminds audiences of how most political groups in Italy, particularly left-wing groups, were infiltrated by police agents who acted as informers. The Maniac's flip-flop of point of view and statement achieves much the same effect as his impersonations do.
    [Show full text]
  • Anarchists Are Terrorists
    A Statewatch analysis: no 10 EU definition of terrorism: Anarchists to be targeted as “terrorists” along alongside Al Qaeda Introduction Europol has produced a Situation and Trends report on terrorist activity in the European Union. As might be expected the report covers ETA in Spain, the Real IRA in Northern Ireland, the National Front for the Liberation of Corsica and "Islamic extremist terrorism" (including Al Qaeda). The report stresses that although the number of incidents was "showing a small decrease" the "importance of the attacks increased dramatically" - this was because after 11 September the "European Union is not only a target for terrorist attacks but also an important area for preparatory and logistic purposes in the widest sense". It further notes that progress is taking place in Northern Ireland, and that ceasefires, both in Northern Ireland and Corsica have "been maintained by the main players". One new category added in 2001 was "eco-terrorism" on which the report gives no examples. The report simply says in total that: "Radical environmentalists and animal rights movements have maintained a limited campaign. Nevertheless, the material damage they caused was extensive". No definition of "eco-terrorism" is given nor is one planned in the proposed extension of Europol's role (see Statewatch's The activities and development of Europol pamphlet). It is thus hard to see the distinction between activity which might be termed a criminal offence as distinct from a "terrorist" offence. Another new category which is even more problematic is that of "anarchist terrorism". In February 2001 a Europol seminar on counter-terrorism held in Madrid agreed on a proposal by Spain, Portugal, Greece and Italy to set up a joint investigation team on "anarchist terrorism".
    [Show full text]
  • Hofstra University Film Library Holdings
    Hofstra University Film Library Holdings TITLE PUBLICATION INFORMATION NUMBER DATE LANG 1-800-INDIA Mitra Films and Thirteen/WNET New York producer, Anna Cater director, Safina Uberoi. VD-1181 c2006. eng 1 giant leap Palm Pictures. VD-825 2001 und 1 on 1 V-5489 c2002. eng 3 films by Louis Malle Nouvelles Editions de Films written and directed by Louis Malle. VD-1340 2006 fre produced by Argosy Pictures Corporation, a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer picture [presented by] 3 godfathers John Ford and Merian C. Cooper produced by John Ford and Merian C. Cooper screenplay VD-1348 [2006] eng by Laurence Stallings and Frank S. Nugent directed by John Ford. Lions Gate Films, Inc. producer, Robert Altman writer, Robert Altman director, Robert 3 women VD-1333 [2004] eng Altman. Filmocom Productions with participation of the Russian Federation Ministry of Culture and financial support of the Hubert Balls Fund of the International Filmfestival Rotterdam 4 VD-1704 2006 rus produced by Yelena Yatsura concept and story by Vladimir Sorokin, Ilya Khrzhanovsky screenplay by Vladimir Sorokin directed by Ilya Khrzhanovsky. a film by Kartemquin Educational Films CPB producer/director, Maria Finitzo co- 5 girls V-5767 2001 eng producer/editor, David E. Simpson. / una produzione Cineriz ideato e dirètto da Federico Fellini prodotto da Angelo Rizzoli 8 1/2 soggètto, Federico Fellini, Ennio Flaiano scenegiatura, Federico Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio V-554 c1987. ita Flaiano, Brunello Rondi. / una produzione Cineriz ideato e dirètto da Federico Fellini prodotto da Angelo Rizzoli 8 1/2 soggètto, Federico Fellini, Ennio Flaiano scenegiatura, Federico Fellini, Tullio Pinelli, Ennio V-554 c1987.
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: King, Amy Title: Italy’s secular martyrs the construction, role and maintenance of secular martyrdom in Italy from the twentieth century to the present day General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Italy’s secular martyrs: the construction, role and maintenance of secular martyrdom in Italy from the twentieth century to the present day Amy King A thesis submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts.
    [Show full text]
  • La Strategia Della Tensione
    Maurizio Barozzi LA STRATEGIA DELLA TENSIONE CON LA CRONOLOGIA COMMENTATA DEL PERIODO STRAGISTA IN ITALIA «Affinché i giovani sappiano e gli anziani ricordino». [da un vecchio slogan nei manifesti del Pci] «Io so i nomi che hanno gestito le due differenti, anzi opposte fasi, della tensione: una prima fase anticomunista, Milano 1969, e una seconda fase antifascista, Brescia e Bologna 1974…» [Pier Paolo Pasolini] «Comunque sia, coloro i quali, a qualsiasi titolo e con qualsiasi ruolo, aderendo alle tesi della c.d. «guerra non ortodossa», di chiara matrice statunitense e assumendo la strage come strumento di lotta politica, si sono posti al servizio di una potenza straniera e hanno partecipato o invitato altri a partecipare alla strategia della tensione, tesa ad una maggiore soggezione del popolo italiano ad interessi stranieri, sono condannabili ai sensi del codice militare di pace. Privi di ogni qualsivoglia idealità politica e di dignità morale, essi si sono rivelati affatto alieni da quelle leggi, che, come notò Pericle: “senza essere scritte, recano come sanzione universale il disonore». [Marzo 2000 – Il Comitato Direttivo della Federazione Nazionale Combattenti Repubblica Sociale Italiana] Testo non pubblicabile, esposto ai soli fini di studio Attenzione: circolano on line versioni di questo Saggio , a mio nome, sia vecchie, con errori e imprecisioni e sia inquinate. Solo questa versione pdf è da me autorizzata Testo non in vendita, ai solo fini di studio Maurizio Barozzi Roma Settembre 2014 2 INTRODUZIONE Quando uno storico, un ricercatore,
    [Show full text]
  • Nuovo INV Ugo Pirro
    Sheet1 FASCICOLO ESTREMI BUSTANumerazione PEZZI TIPOLOGIA TITOLO FILM TITOLO ROMANZO TITOLO ALTRO TITOLO AMBITI E CONTENUTO CRONOLOGICI provvisoria Colpita da improvviso Sceneggiatura ds., rilegata, pp. 276. Presenti note 1 1.0001 1 SCRIPT Mercati Generali [1975] benessere, 1975 ms. Colpita da improvviso Trattamento ds., carte sciolte, pp. 208. Presenti 1 1.0002 1 SCRIPT Mercati Generali [1975] benessere, 1976 note ms. Colpita da improvviso Trattamento ds., rilegato, pp. 84. Presenti 1 1.0003 1 SCRIPT Mercati Generali (trattamento) [1975] benessere, 1977 annotazioni ms. sul frontespizio. Colpita da improvviso Soggetto di Barbara Alberti e Amedeo Pagani, ds., 1 1.0004 1 SCRIPT Storia Mercati Generali [1975] benessere, 1978 rilegato, pp. 71. Colpita da improvviso Soggetto di Barbara Alberti e Amedeo Pagani, ds., 1 1.0005 1 SCRIPT Mercati Generali [1975] benessere, 1979 rilegato, pp. 64. Colpita da improvviso Appunti, descrizione scene e dialoghi ms.; scaletta 1 1.0006 3 SCRIPT Mercati Generali (originali) [1975] benessere, 1980 ds. e ms.. Soggetto ds., rilegato, pp. 69. Annotazione ms. sul 1 1.0007 1 SCRIPT INEDITI Furti e rapine con brio e amore frontespizio: “1° stesura”. Presenti note ms. e carte sciolte ms.. Soggetto ds., pp. 56. Presenti note ms. e carte 1 1.0008 1 SCRIPT INEDITI Furti e rapine con brio e amore sciolte ms.. (Furti e rapine con brio e amore) 1 1.0009 1 SCRIPT INEDITI Soggetto ms., pp. 37. Originali Piccolo pene Bozza di sceneggiatura, carte sciolte ms. e ds., cc. 2 2.0010 1 SCRIPT INEDITI [1974] (originali) 192. [Paolo Barca, maestro Scaletta, soggetto e trattamento; carte sciolte ms.
    [Show full text]