The Empress Dowager and the Camera” Was Developed by Visualizing Cultures at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Presented on MIT Opencourseware
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Lord Lyon King of Arms
VI. E FEUDAE BOBETH TH F O LS BABONAG F SCOTLANDO E . BY THOMAS INNES OP LEABNEY AND KINNAIRDY, F.S.A.ScoT., LORD LYON KIN ARMSF GO . Read October 27, 1945. The Baronage is an Order derived partly from the allodial system of territorial tribalis whicn mi patriarce hth h hel s countrydhi "under God", d partlan y froe latemth r feudal system—whic e shale wasw hse n li , Western Europe at any rate, itself a developed form of tribalism—in which the territory came to be held "of and under" the King (i.e. "head of the kindred") in an organised parental realm. The robes and insignia of the Baronage will be found to trace back to both these forms of tenure, which first require some examination from angle t usuallno s y co-ordinatedf i , the later insignia (not to add, the writer thinks, some of even the earlier understoode symbolsb o t e )ar . Feudalism has aptly been described as "the development, the extension organisatione th y sa y e Family",o familyth fma e oe th f on n r i upon,2o d an Scotlandrelationn i Land;e d th , an to fundamentall o s , tribaa y l country, wher e predominanth e t influences have consistently been Tribality and Inheritance,3 the feudal system was immensely popular, took root as a means of consolidating and preserving the earlier clannish institutions,4 e clan-systeth d an m itself was s modera , n historian recognisew no s t no , only closely intermingled with feudalism, but that clan-system was "feudal in the strictly historical sense".5 1 Stavanger Museums Aarshefle, 1016. -
Manchus: a Horse of a Different Color
History in the Making Volume 8 Article 7 January 2015 Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color Hannah Knight CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Knight, Hannah (2015) "Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color," History in the Making: Vol. 8 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol8/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Manchus: A Horse of a Different Color by Hannah Knight Abstract: The question of identity has been one of the biggest questions addressed to humanity. Whether in terms of a country, a group or an individual, the exact definition is almost as difficult to answer as to what constitutes a group. The Manchus, an ethnic group in China, also faced this dilemma. It was an issue that lasted throughout their entire time as rulers of the Qing Dynasty (1644- 1911) and thereafter. Though the guidelines and group characteristics changed throughout that period one aspect remained clear: they did not sinicize with the Chinese Culture. At the beginning of their rule, the Manchus implemented changes that would transform the appearance of China, bringing it closer to the identity that the world recognizes today. In the course of examining three time periods, 1644, 1911, and the 1930’s, this paper looks at the significant events of the period, the changing aspects, and the Manchus and the Qing Imperial Court’s relations with their greater Han Chinese subjects. -
FMS Persecuz.BOXERS INGL:Layout 1
The China Martyrs of 1900 THE BOXER PERSECUTION SUMMARY 1 - A documents discovered ............................................ p. 5 2 - The Witnesses ................................................................ p. 6 3 - The Martyrs..................................................................... p. 8 4 - Historica and Social Setting....................................... p. 12 4.1 - China .................................................................... p. 12 4.2 - The Boxers........................................................... p. 13 4.3 - The Chinese Martyrs......................................... p. 15 4.4 - The Beijing Parishes .......................................... p. 17 5 - The Martyrs of the Parishes of Beijing ..................... p. 19 5.1 - The Martyrs of Si-t’ang ..................................... p. 19 5.2 - The Martyrs of Nan-t’ang ................................ p. 21 5.3 - The Martyrs of Tong-t’ang................................ p. 25 6 - The Martyrs of the villages around Beijing ............ p. 29 6.1 - The villages of Koan-t’eu, Ts’ai-Hu-Yng and Wa-Ts’iuen-Sze ............... p. 29 6.2 - The village of Yen-Tze-K’eou.......................... p. 30 6.3 - The villages of Tcheng-Fou-Sze, Heou-t’ouen, Si-Siao-K’eo and Eul-pouo-Tze........................ p. 35 7 - Sister Philómene Tchang ........................................... p. 39 The Boxer Persecution • 3 8 - The Yun Family ..............................................................p. 45 9 - Slaughter of the defensless ........................................p. -
Taiping Rebellion PMUNC 2017
Taiping Rebellion PMUNC 2017 Princeton Model United Nations Conference 2017 The Taiping Rebellion Chair: Nicholas Wu Director: [Name] 1 Taiping Rebellion PMUNC 2017 CONTENTS Letter from the Chair……………………………………………………………… 3 The Taiping Rebellion:.…………………………………………………………. 4 History of the Topic………………………………………………………… 4 Current Status……………………………………………………………….7 Country Policy……………………………………………………………… 9 Keywords…………………………………………………………………...11 Questions for Consideration………………………………………………...12 Positions:.………………………………………………………………………. 14 2 Taiping Rebellion PMUNC 2017 LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Dear Delegates, Welcome to PMUNC 2017! This will be my fourth and final PMUNC. My name is Nicholas Wu, and I’m a senior in the Woodrow Wilson School, pursuing certificates in American Studies and East Asian Studies. It’s my honor to chair this year’s crisis committee on the Taiping Rebellion. It’s a conflict that fascinates me. The Taiping Rebellion was the largest civil war in human history, but it barely receives any attention in your standard world history class. Which is a shame — it’s a multilayered conflict. There are ethnic, economic, and religious issues at play, as well as significant foreign involvement. I hope that you all find it as interesting as I do. On campus, I’m currently figuring out how to write my thesis, and I’m pretty sure that I’m going to be researching the implementation of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). I’m also involved with the International Relations Council, the Daily Princetonian, the Asian American Students Association, and Princeton Advocates for Justice. I also enjoy cooking. Best of luck at the conference! Please don’t hesitate to reach out if you have any questions. You can email me anytime at [email protected]. -
Beijing's Historical Wonders
Beijing's Historical Wonders Discover the History of China's Capital By Kristin Luna Tags Beijing China Asia Pacific Arts and Culture If you're heading to Beijing, you'll be steeped in history -- some of China's states date back more than 6,000 years, and plenty of famous sites go back further than your family tree. While you may not have time to check out every single temple and monastery in the bustling city -- there are far too many to count -- try your best to visit Travel's Top 5. The Great Wall China's most cherished jewel and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Great Wall was built and rebuilt for the better part of 2 millennia as a means of keeping nomadic tribes and other unwelcome visitors out of the Chinese Empire. At one point, it was guarded by more than a million soldiers. Spanning more than 4,000 miles, the Great Wall is longer than the United States and 30 feet wide at its thickest part. While not technically within Beijing's borders, parts of the Great Wall can be reached by car in 30 minutes. Steve Peterson Photography/Moment/Getty Images The Forbidden City It hardly lives up to its name -- after all, tourists are allowed within its confines -- but this central landmark was the imperial headquarters during the Qing and Ming dynasties. The Gu Gong, as it is called in Chinese, is the world's largest palace complex, covering more than 7.75 million square feet, and is home to the Palace Museum. -
THE WHIRLING of SWORDS By: Grandmaster
THE WHIRLING OF SWORDS By: Grandmaster. Michael Neal Have you ever wondered, “What are the martial arts? The term martial art refers to all of the various systems of training for combat that have been arranged or systematized. Generally, these different systems or styles are all designed for one purpose: Physically defeating opponents and defending against thwarts. In fact, the word “martial” derives from the name Mars, who was the Roman god of war. Before the martial arts were systematized, generals of the Warring States Period (480-221 BC) gained much personal combat experience in the field. As they grew older, they retired to Shaolin Temples to learn new skills from the masters there. The martial arts began in ancient times in East Asia, but because their beginnings are shrouded in myth and legend, it is impossible to establish their exact history. Kung fu, which may have been based on a fighting style from India, is perhaps the oldest martial art. A form of it was practiced in China more than 2,000 years ago. In 1898 through 1901, there arose a nationalist movement known as the Boxers, a Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists. A secret society founded in northern coastal province of Shandong China consisting largely of people who had lost their livelihood due to imperialism and natural disasters. They opposed foreign imperialism and Christianity. They met in secret at night, sang hymns, chanted, recited prayers, practiced martial arts and perhaps used breathing techniques to induce trances. The Boxers came from this secret society known as I-ho chuan, a Li sect of the Ba qua religion group, and were well trained in the martial arts of 1 Copyrighted 2012, By the Madison Martial Arts Academy| Boxing and Calisthenic that they practiced in the belief that this made them invulnerable, and would make them resistant to bullets. -
China 2012 for POSC4393/MLPOS6393 & INST4360/MLINS6390
2012 UST Study Abroad to China China 2012 for POSC4393/MLPOS6393 & INST4360/MLINS6390 Tentative Itinerary Day 1, June 11 Mon, USA --- Shanghai: International flight from home city of departure to Shanghai, China UA 404 Houston/San Francisco 7:44AM/9:55AM UA 857 San Francisco/Shanghai 1:46PM/5:25PM +1 Day 2, June 12 Tue, Arrival Shanghai (D): Motorcoach transfer from Shanghai airport Group welcome dinner at local restaurant; 5 nights Shanghai accommodations; Ramada Wujiaochang Hotel 1888 Huangxing Road ,Shanghai , Telephone:+ 86(21)5550-9999 Fax:+86(21)5505-2999 http://www.ramadash.com/ Day 3, June 13 Wed, Shanghai: (B) Business visit to US Consulate Shanghai Dept. of Commerce; Tour of the Famous Bund Area, which was Shanghai's economic hub at the turn of the last century, when it was headquarters to representatives from international banks and governments who built the neoclassical buildings for which The Bund is known. The Bund is located along the Huangpu River, a major shipping artery and an example of waterfront reclamation. Business visit to Fudan University for academic exchanges; Business visit to Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center: Shanghai urban Planning Exhibition Center can give you good idea about how Shanghai developed from a small fisher village to a major metropolis of the world. Where you can find what Shanghai will be like in 20 years and you may see a spectacular circular movie about the dynamic change of Shanghai, the oriental architecture museum. P.S.: Travel accommodation, flights, itinerary and etc are subject to change depending upon availability. Page 1 Day 4, June 14 Thur, Shanghai: (B) Business visit to Shanghai Normal University for academic exchanges; Shanghai World Financial Center: The building has 100 floors in total. -
The Arms of the Baronial and Police Burghs of Scotland
'^m^ ^k: UC-NRLF nil! |il!|l|ll|ll|l||il|l|l|||||i!|||!| C E 525 bm ^M^ "^ A \ THE ARMS OF THE BARONIAL AND POLICE BURGHS OF SCOTLAND Of this Volume THREE HUNDRED AND Fifteen Copies have been printed, of which One Hundred and twenty are offered for sale. THE ARMS OF THE BARONIAL AND POLICE BURGHS OF SCOTLAND BY JOHN MARQUESS OF BUTE, K.T. H. J. STEVENSON AND H. W. LONSDALE EDINBURGH WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS 1903 UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME. THE ARMS OF THE ROYAL AND PARLIAMENTARY BURGHS OF SCOTLAND. BY JOHN, MARQUESS OF BUTE, K.T., J. R. N. MACPHAIL, AND H. W. LONSDALE. With 131 Engravings on Wood and 11 other Illustrations. Crown 4to, 2 Guineas net. ABERCHIRDER. Argent, a cross patee gules. The burgh seal leaves no doubt of the tinctures — the field being plain, and the cross scored to indicate gules. One of the points of difference between the bearings of the Royal and Parliamentary Burghs on the one hand and those of the I Police Burghs on the other lies in the fact that the former carry castles and ships to an extent which becomes almost monotonous, while among the latter these bearings are rare. On the other hand, the Police Burghs very frequently assume a charge of which A 079 2 Aberchirder. examples, in the blazonry of the Royal and Parliamentary Burghs, are very rare : this is the cross, derived apparently from the fact that their market-crosses are the most prominent of their ancient monuments. In cases where the cross calvary does not appear, a cross of some other kind is often found, as in the present instance. -
Mid-Yuan Politics
CHAPTER 6 MID-YUAN POLITICS INTRODUCTION "Mid-Yuan" refers to the period between the death of the great dynastic founder, Khubilai khan (Emperor Shih-tsu, 1260—94), in 1924 and the acces- sion of the last Yuan monarch, Toghon Temiir khaghan (Emperor Shun-ti, r. 1333-68), in 1333. During these thirty-nine years, nine khaghans ascended the throne in quick succession, resulting in frequent bureaucratic turnovers and reversals of state policies. It was, therefore, a politically volatile and turbulent period, the events of which gradually but steadily emasculated the great and powerful empire left behind by Khubilai and paved the way for the downfall of the dynasty under Toghon Temiir. The mid-Yuan khaghans inherited from Khubilai not only a great empire but also its multifarious problems.1 Khubilai had successfully transferred to China the center of gravity of the previously steppe-based Yeke Mongghol Ulus or "Great Mongolian Nation" and made the Yuan the first dynasty of con- quest to rule the whole of China as well as the Inner Asian steppes. He had further provided his far-flung multiracial and multicultural empire with a workable institutional framework by synthesizing Chinese and Inner Asian systems and adorning it with the symbols of legitimacy drawn from Mongo- lian, Chinese, and Buddhist sources.2 Because of all this, Khubilai was subsequently regarded by his heirs as the most revered dynastic founder and ancestor whose mantle should be strictly preserved. The problems left by Khubilai to his heirs, nevertheless, were as great and complex as the empire itself. 1 The assessment of Khubilai's role and legacy in the following paragraphs is largely based on the following works: Yao Ts'ung-wu, "Yuan Shih-tsu Hu-pi-lieh han: T'a te chia shih t'a te shih tai yii t'a tsai wei ch'i chien chung yao ts'o shih," in vol. -
History of China and Japan from 1900To 1976 Ad 18Bhi63c
HISTORY OF CHINA AND JAPAN FROM 1900TO 1976 A.D 18BHI63C (UNIT II) V.VIJAYAKUMAR 9025570709 III B A HISTORY - VI SEMESTER Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai (Chinese: 袁世凱; pinyin: Yuán Shìkǎi; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese military and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty, becoming the Emperor of the Empire of China (1915–1916). He tried to save the dynasty with a number of modernization projects including bureaucratic, fiscal, judicial, educational, and other reforms, despite playing a key part in the failure of the Hundred Days' Reform. He established the first modern army and a more efficient provincial government in North China in the last years of the Qing dynasty before the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor, the last monarch of the Qing dynasty, in 1912. Through negotiation, he became the first President of the Republic of China in 1912.[1] This army and bureaucratic control were the foundation of his autocratic. He was frustrated in a short-lived attempt to restore hereditary monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor (Chinese: 洪憲皇帝). His death shortly after his abdication led to the fragmentation of the Chinese political system and the end of the Beiyang government as China's central authority. On 16 September 1859, Yuan was born as Yuan Shikai in the village of Zhangying (張營村), Xiangcheng County, Chenzhou Prefecture, Henan, China. The Yuan clan later moved 16 kilometers southeast of Xiangcheng to a hilly area that was easier to defend against bandits. There the Yuans had built a fortified village, Yuanzhaicun (Chinese: 袁寨村; lit. -
The Hundred Days' Reforms, 1898
Chapter 25 The Hundred Days’ Reforms, 1898 On June 11, 1898, the Guangxu Emperor began what became known as the Hundred Days’ Reforms with an edict inviting officials to recommend capable advisors to assist the dynasty with foreign relations. The edict signaled the Emperor’s rejection of “the narrow circle of bigoted conservatism” in favor of a new approach to governance. Over the next 103 days, until the beginning of his “illness” on September 21, the Guangxu Emperor would aggressively pursue an agenda to remake the Qing state. Although scholars have long debated the motive for the Guangxu Emperor’s new-found enthusiasm for reform, there remains much confusion about its precise origins. Without a doubt, the Hundred Days Reforms represent the cul- mination of efforts begun in the aftermath of the Sino-French War (1884–85) when Manchu and Han officials began considering fundamental political re- forms to place the dynasty on the path to wealth and power. The traditional interpretation holds that the reforms signified the rising status of low-ranking officials like Kang Youwei, who had peppered the Throne with memorials de- manding reform since his 1895 civil service examination class had petitioned the Emperor in the so-called “Memorial of the Candidates.” Another argument is that widespread alarm about the probable partition of the empire during the scramble for concessions forced the Guangxu Emperor to consider a radi- cal new departure. Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tan Sitong, and other young scholar-officials, in response, brought on the paroxysm of reform. The pages of the Peking Gazette also suggest another interpretation. -
Redalyc.A HUNDRED YEAR's CELEBRATION of THE
Historia Constitucional E-ISSN: 1576-4729 [email protected] Universidad de Oviedo España Guohua, Jiang A HUNDRED YEAR’S CELEBRATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRACTICE IN THE LATE QING DYNASTY (a discussion on the political compromise of the Constitutional Practice in the Late Qing Dynasty) Historia Constitucional, núm. 9, septiembre-, 2008, pp. 341-371 Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=259027580016 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto A HUNDRED YEAR’S CELEBRATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRACTICE IN THE LATE QING DYNASTY (a discussion on the political compromise of the Constitutional Practice in the Late Qing Dynasty) Jiang-Guohua INDEX: I. INTRODUCTION.- II. THE COMPROMISE BETWEEN THE INSTITUTIONAL REFORMERS AND THE CONSTITUTIONALISTS.- 1. The Original Opinion of the Institutional Reformers.- 2. The advocacy of constitutionalists.- 3. The decision to investigate constitutional politics abroad.- III. THE COMPROMISE BETWEEN PRO-CONSTITUTIONALIST AND ANTI-CONSTITUTIONALIST.- 1. The Pro-constitutionalist promoted the Constitutional Practice positively.- 2. The Engagement between Pro-constitutionalists and Anti-constitutionalist.- 3. The Issue of the Imperial Edict to Imitative Constitutionalism.- IV. THE COMPROMISE BETWEEN THE AUTHORITY AND THE CONSTITUTIONALISTS.- 1. The Constitutional Preparation made by the Qing Court.- 2. The Instigations of the Constitutionalists among the People.- 3. The Birth of the Outline of Imperial Constitution.- V. THE COMPROMISE BETWEEN THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONSERVATISM AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL RADICALISM.- 1.