Иностранные Языки И Современный Мир Foreign Languages and Contemporary World

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Иностранные Языки И Современный Мир Foreign Languages and Contemporary World 1 Учреждение образования «Брестский государственный университет имени А. С. Пушкина» Иностранные языки и современный мир Foreign Languages and Contemporary World Сборник материалов международной научной конференции студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов Брест, 10 апреля 2020 года Брест БрГУ имени А. С. Пушкина 2020 2 УДК 81’243(082) ББК 81.2я431 И 68 Рекомендовано редакционно-издательским советом Учреждения образования «Брестский государственный университет имени А. С. Пушкина» Рецензенты: Доцент кафедры лингводидактики УО «Брестский государственный университет имени А. С. Пушкина», кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, Л. Я. Дмитрачкова Заведующий кафедрой лингвистики и бизнес-коммуникаций УО «Полесский государственный университет», кандидат филологических наук Ю.Н. Русина Редакционная коллегия: Л. М. Максимук, Н. В. Иванюк, Т. И. Предко, Л. М. Калилец, О. Н. Коваленко, Л. Е. Левонюк, С. В. Милач, И. А. Полева И 68 Иностранные языки и современный мир : сб. материалов междунар. науч. конф. студентов, Брест, 10 апр. 2020 г. / Брест. гос. ун-т. имени А. С. Пушкина ; редкол.: Л. М. Максимук, [и др.]. – Брест : БрГУ, 2020. – 253 с. ISBN В сборник включены материалы, посвященные различным аспектам жизни современного общества: проблемам социально-экономического развития, вопросам окружающей среды, тенденциям в развитии современной науки и др. Издание адресовано студентам, магистрантам и аспирантам высших учебных заведений. Может быть полезным для всех, кто интересуется проблемами современного мира и изучением иностранных языков. УДК 81’243(082) ББК 81.2я431 ISBN © УО «Брестский государственный университет имени А. С. Пушкина», 2020 3 Д. О. Ажаев Республика Беларусь, Брест, Брестский государственный технический университет Научный руководитель – О. Л. Зозуля SMARTPHONISIERUNG DES MODERNEN ALLTAGSLEBENS Der moderne Mensch schenkt ihm – seinem „steten Begleiter“ – den ersten und den letzten Blick des Tages, organisiert einen Alltag mit ihm, tauscht Persönliches mit seinen Liebsten aus, regelt Bankgeschäfte und frönt süßem Zeitvertreib usw. Wenn man es mal vergessen hat, fühlt man sich fast unvollständig, wie in einem Albtraum, in dem man ohne Hose im Büro sitzt. Es begleitet den Menschen also rund um die Uhr: Mit „Spotify“ hört er Musik, mit „Viber“ oder „WhatsApp“ chattet er und auf „Netflix“ guckt er Filme usw. Dieser „Begleiter“ ist aber nicht nur für Kommunikation und Unterhaltung zu nutzen, er kann z. B. das Studentenleben vereinfachen und bereichern. So ist das Ziel dieses Artikels, den Einfluss des Smartphones auf das alltägliche Leben zu erforschen. Die Entwicklung der Handys begann im 20. Jahrhundert und ist bis heute ein spannender Prozess, der Jahr für Jahr neue Innovationen auf den Markt bringt. Das erste Handy aber war das Motorola DynaTAC. Es wurde 1983 veröffentlicht und konnte als erstes Handy kommerziell gekauft werden. Es wog 794 Gramm und mit ihm konnten Sie maximal 30 Minuten lang telefonieren. Es kostete nämlich stolze $ 3995 und war dadurch ein echtes Statussymbol, deshalb konnten sich das Handy damals nur Geschäftsleute oder Reiche leisten. Mehr als zehn Jahre später wurde dann 1994 die SMS eingeführt. Dabei wog es auch noch weniger als 100 Gramm und war sehr schlank. Der Preis war nun mit $ 1000 auch für die Oberschicht bezahlbar. Dies hatte zur Folge, dass immer mehr Menschen Handys benutzten und der Netzausbau stetig vorangetrieben wurde. Gleichzeitig veröffentlichte der Nokia Communicator eine Reihe ihrer Handys. Mit ihnen ließen sich Faxe sowie E-Mails empfangen und schreiben. 1999 wurde in Japan mit dem Toshiba Camesse das erste Handy mit Kamera eingeführt. Der neue Durchbruch kam dann 2007 mit dem iPhone. Hier definierte Apple erstmals das Smartphone, wie man es heute kennt. Mit diesem Smartphone konnte man Fotos bearbeiten, bequem im Web browsen und ein vollwertiges Navigationssystem nutzen. Im Laufe der Zeit haben sich Smartphones immer mehr entwickelt. Die Touchscreens wurden immer größer, biometrische Erkennungsmöglichkeiten wie Fingerprint-Sensoren kamen dazu und ein Smartphone ist heutzutage so schnell, wie ein Computer [1]. So wurde das Handy, ein „kleines Mobiltelefon, das man bei sich trägt“ [2], zu einem Smartphone (englisch smart phone, aus: smart = mit künstlicher Intelligenz arbeitend (smart) und phone = Telefon]), also einem „Mobiltelefon mit Touchscreen und zusätzlichen Funktionen wie GPS und der Möglichkeit, Apps darauf zu installieren“ [2]. Forscher des Bonner „Menthal Balance“-Projekts, die über eine App das Verhalten von 60 000 Smartphone-Nutzern beobachten, haben herausgefunden, dass jeder Benutzer pro Tag 88-mal das Smartphone einschaltet; 35-mal, um die Uhrzeit zu checken oder nachzuschauen, ob man eine neue Nachricht bekommen hat; 53-mal zum Surfen, Chatten oder um eine andere App zu nutzen. Alle 18 Minuten unterbrachen die freiwilligen Probanden der Studie ihre Tätigkeit, um online zu sein [3]. Wie alles andere hat aber das Smartphone sowohl seine Vor- als auch seine Nachteile. Seine Vorteile bestehen im Großen und Ganzen in: 1. 27 Dinge wurden vom Smartphone (mehr oder weniger gut) ersetzt: Festnetztelefone, Adressbücher, Kalender, Notizbücher, Post-ist, Gutscheine und Stempelkarten, 4 Tageszeitungen, Bücher, Fahrkarten, Bargeld, Papier, Uhren und Wecker, Taschenlampen, Schminkspiegel, Wasserwaagen, Digitalkameras, Camcorder, Navigationsgeräte, Tablets, MP3-Player, Radios, Taschenrechner, Diktiergeräte, Scanner, mobile Spielkonsolen, PCs, Sozialkontakte [6]. 2. Es hilft die Distanz zwischen den Menschen zu schließen. Wir können z. B. den Globus bereisen und an unsere Verwandten und Freunde Bilder und Videos schicken, damit sie sich wie ein Teil unseres Lebens fühlen können [5]. Zu den Nachteilen einer Smartphone-Nutzung gehören: 1. Digitaler Dauerstress: Smartphones sind rund um die Uhr weder aus dem Berufsalltag noch aus dem Privatleben wegzudenken. 2. Verabredungskultur. Immer mehr junge Menschen ziehen einem face-to-face Dialog die Kommunikation durch Smartphone vor. Das Smartphone ist mehr als Gesprächspartner, heute spricht man schon von einem leider verbreiteten Phänomen – „Phubbing“ (zusammengesetzt aus „phone“ und „snubbing“/jemanden abblitzen lassen) [7]. 2) Gefahrenquelle. Z. B. Handy am Steuer: Es gibt vielfältige Gefahrenquellen, die zur Ablenkung am Steuer führen können: Rauchen am Steuer, laute Musik, Alkoholrausch, Drogenkonsum usw. Aber das Smartphone führt das Ranking an. Im Jahr 2018 wurden in Deutschland mehr als 650 Tote durch Handy-Ablenkung angemeldet, in Belarus – 745 Tote. Hier könnten noch solche lebensgefährlichen Nutzungsfälle von Smartphone erwähnt werden, wie an die Steckdose angeschlossenes Handy in der Badewanne, plötzlich explodierende Handys oder gefährliche Selbstdarstellung. Manche Menschen bringen sich für spektakuläre Selfies in lebensgefährliche Situationen. Zwischen Oktober 2011 und November 2017 sind mindestens 259 Menschen weltweit durch Selfies ums Leben gekommen [4]. Abschließend kann man sagen, dass es wichtig ist, dass sowohl Jugendliche als auch Erwachsene immer mehr Zeit offline verbringen. Immer mehr Firmen richten sogar Offline- Zeiten ein, in denen sich die Mitarbeiter von den modernen Medien erholen können. Um ernsthafte Gesundheitsprobleme zu vermeiden, sollte man den folgenden Tipps folgen: 1. Smartphonefreie Zonen – eine gute Option, um einen Smartphonekonsum zu reduzieren. Man muss z. B. das Smartphone nicht mit ins Schlafzimmer nehmen. Die viel zu helle und bläuliche Beleuchtung des Gerätes kann Einschlafen erschweren. Dadurch kann der innere Rhythmus durcheinandergeraten. Am besten alle elektronischen Geräte ca. eine Stunde vor dem Schlafengehen ausschalten und langsam zur Ruhe kommen. 2. Handyattrappen – eine gute Option, um den Suchtdruck zu bekämpfen. Sobald man merkt, dass die Hand kribbelig wird und man das Bedürfnis empfindet, sein Smartphone aufzuheben, kann man zu einem Ersatzgegenstand greifen: zu einem Antistressball, Würfel etc. Man muss den Gegenstand so lange drehen, pressen und quetschen, bis der Druck verflogt ist und man sich wieder seiner eigentlichen Tätigkeit widmen kann. 3. Apple-Tree App. Studenten aus Singapur haben die App „Apple-Tree“ entwickelt, die – wenn sie auf einen anderen Apple-Tree trifft – Telefone blockiert. Die Nutzer werden dafür belohnt: Je länger das Smartphone unberührt bleibt, desto größer wächst der Baum auf dem Bildschirm. LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 1. Börner, Y. Seit wann gibt es Handys? Entwicklung im Zeitverlauf [Elektronische Ressource] / Y. Börner. – Modus für den Zugang: https://praxistipps.chip.de/seit-wann-gibt- es-handys-entwicklung-im-zeitverlauf_101085/. – Datum des Zugriffs: 28.02.2020. 2. Duden. Das Große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Elektronische Ressource]. – Modus für den Zugang: http://duden.de/. – Datum des Zugriffs: 12.03.2020. 5 3. Fischhaber, A. 10 Jahre iPhone – Im digitalen Dauerstress [Elektronische Ressource] / A. Fischhaber, M. Hauck. – Modus für den Zugang: https://www.sueddeutsche. de/digital/immer-online-digitaler-dauerstress-1.3322626. – Datum des Zugriffs: 10.03.2020. 4. Gefährliche Selbstdarstellung : Studie zeigt Zahl der Selfie-Toten [Elektronische Ressource]. – Modus für den Zugang: https://www.t-online.de/digital/handy/id_84565742/ analyse-so-viele-menschen-starben-bei-selfies.html/. – Datum des Zugriffs: 04.03.2020. 5. Smith, F. Vor- und Nachteile von Smartphones [Elektronische Ressource] / F. Smith. – Modus für den Zugang: https://www.technobezz.de/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of- smartphones/. – Datum des Zugriffs: 28.02.2020. 6. Vielmeier,
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