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Fontographer 4.7 for Mac OS X User Manual Fontographer 4.7 font editor for Desktop Publishing – Easy editing of PostScript & TrueType User’s manual for Macintosh f Fontographer 4.7 for Mac OS® X User Manual Fontographer 4.7 Copyright © 2005 by Fontlab, Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the publisher. Any software referred to herein is furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license. FontLab, FontLab logo, ScanFont, TypeTool, SigMaker, AsiaFont Studio, FontAudit and VectorPaint are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Fontlab, Ltd. in the United States and/or other countries. Apple, the Apple Logo, Mac, Mac OS, Macintosh and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Adobe, PostScript, Type Manager and Illustrator are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated that may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Windows, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows XP and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Macromedia, Fontographer and Freehand are registered trademarks of Macromedia, Inc. Other brand or product names are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. THIS PUBLICATION AND THE INFORMATION HEREIN IS FURNISHED AS IS, IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY FONTLAB, LTD. FONTLAB, LTD. ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS OR INACCURACIES, MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND (EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY) WITH RESPECT TO THIS PUBLICATION, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. User manual release 4.7 [11/2005] 2 Contents FONTOGRAPHER 4.7 1 CONTENTS 3 INTRODUCTION 13 Getting the most out of your Fontographer materials 14 System requirements 15 Support 15 BASICS 17 Setting preferences 18 Undo 18 Editing behavior 19 Point display 20 Windows and dialog boxes 21 The em square 22 Ascent 23 Descent 23 x-height 23 Origin line 24 Baseline 24 Basepoint 24 Width 25 Leading 25 The font window 26 Title bar 27 Scroll bar 27 View by pop-up 27 Character slots 29 Opening windows 31 The outline window 32 The info bar 33 Changing characters in the outline window 34 Path direction indicator 35 Fontographer 4.7 The bitmap window 36 The metrics window 39 Selecting characters in the font window 41 Viewing characters in the outline windows 43 Viewing and sizing the character 43 Using the magnifying tool 43 Fit in Window 44 Magnification 44 Scrolling with the hand tool 45 Moving by dragging 45 Viewing modes 46 Preview 46 Selecting and deselecting objects 48 Drag-selecting objects 49 Click-selecting objects 50 Shift-selecting objects 51 Selecting parts of a path 52 Drawing layers 54 Outline layer 54 Template layer 55 Guides layer 56 Hints layer 57 Using the palettes 58 Layers palette 58 Tool palette 59 Control point tools 64 Transformation tools 66 Constraining tools 75 Fontographer’s menus 77 Undo and redo 77 Closing and Quitting 78 Closing 78 Quitting 78 MODIFYING YOUR FONTS 81 Steps to modifying your font 82 Opening a Font 83 Existing fonts 83 New fonts 83 Changing the character’s weight 85 Naming your font 88 4 Contents Saving your work 90 Save 90 Save As 91 Reverting to the last saved version 91 Generating your font 92 Installing the font 94 Using the font 94 About font piracy 94 Creating an oblique font 95 Skewing multiple characters 97 Creating a fraction using composite characters 98 Creating a ligature 102 Changing the character width 104 Creating a condensed character or font 105 Setting the basepoint 107 CREATING NEW FONTS 109 Autotracing 111 Advanced tracing options 117 Curve fit 117 Allow curve fit errors 118 Balance lines 118 Eliminate close points 118 Make straight lines 118 Look for cusps 119 Treat nearly flat paths as straight lines 119 Find extrema points 119 Transformation options 120 Flip 120 Move 122 Rotate 123 Scale 124 Scale uniformly 126 Skew 127 Multiple transformations 128 3D transformations using the Transform dialog box 129 Guidelines 135 Setting guidelines 135 Setting guidelines from the Font Info dialog box 136 Adding new guidelines 136 Snapping to guides 139 5 Fontographer 4.7 Creating a stroked font 140 Outline versus stroked characters 140 Setting stroke attributes 141 End caps and joins 143 Expand stroke 144 Clean Up Paths 146 Creating calligraphic characters 148 Calligraphic tutelage from Judith Sutcliffe 150 Creating variable weight characters 157 Blend fonts to create new fonts 159 When things go wrong… 163 Jonathan Hoefler says: 165 ALTERING OUTLINES 167 Altering a logo 169 Pasting EPS outlines from the Clipboard 170 Paths and points 171 Closed paths 171 Path direction and fills 172 Normal fill 172 Even/odd fill 174 Correct path direction 174 Reverse path direction 175 Types of points 176 Curve points 177 Corner points 178 Tangent points 179 Selecting multiple points 180 Changing a point type 181 Inserting points 182 Duplicating points 183 Power duplicating 184 Removing points 186 Splitting a path 187 Splitting line segments 188 Joining points 189 Adding serifs 190 Merging points 191 Moving a point 192 Demagnified move 193 Keyboard commands to move points 193 Accurate point placement 194 Point and path preferences 196 Path display 196 Point display 198 6 Contents Show and hide control points 199 Editing and placing BCPs 200 BCP principles 200 Dragging a control point’s BCPs 201 Dragging a curve point’s BCPs 201 Dragging a corner point’s BCPs 202 Dragging a tangent point’s BCPs 203 Retracting BCPs 203 Auto curvature 204 EDITING BITMAPS 209 Using the bitmap window 211 The bitmap window 212 Editing a bitmap 213 The central edit area 216 Ascent and descent values 217 Offset and width values 217 Visible layers 218 Tools in the bitmap window 218 Undo and redo 223 Richard Beatty Says: 223 Changing bitmap views 224 Enlarging using the View menu 224 Switching characters in the bitmap window 225 Next and previous character 225 Next and previous point size 226 When should you recalculate bitmaps? 227 Preserving your original bitmaps 227 METRICS – SPACING AND KERNING 229 Spacing 233 Pair kerning 236 Auto spacing 238 Auto kerning 240 The metrics window 242 Character display 244 The spreadsheet area 247 Importing metrics 249 Clearing kerning pairs 250 Exporting metrics 251 The Fontographer Metrics file 251 Copying widths 252 More powerful spacing and kerning commands 253 7 Fontographer 4.7 Setting widths 253 Equalizing sidebearings 254 Advanced metrics operations 255 Setting metrics 255 Assisted metrics 257 Metrics assistance 258 Kerning assistance 262 Advanced auto spacing 267 Advanced auto kerning 270 PRINTING 275 Sample text 277 Sample file 280 PostScript file 281 Key map 282 Kerning pairs 283 Characters 284 The print header 286 GENERATING AND EXPORTING FONTS 287 Before you do anything… 288 Easy or advanced? 288 Macintosh fonts 290 PostScript Type 1 290 TrueType 294 PostScript Type 3 297 Other Type 3 Formats 299 When should you use hints? 302 A word about flex 302 A special note to designers of non-Roman Macintosh fonts 303 Windows fonts 304 PostScript Type 1 304 Other Options 306 TrueType for Windows 308 Symbol encoded Windows fonts 310 PostScript Type 3 310 NeXT and Sun PostScript fonts 311 OpenType fonts 312 Fontographer and OpenType 313 Using FogLamp 314 Pack your suitcase: bitmap fonts 315 Bitmaps vs. outlines 315 Adding bitmap sizes 316 Deleting bitmap sizes 316 Bitmap format 317 Creating bitmaps for cross-platform use 320 8 Contents Exporting files 321 Exporting EPS files 321 Exporting Macintosh PICT files 322 CREATING A FONT FAMILY 325 Families: Windows, Sun, NeXTSTEP 327 Font families on the Macintosh 328 How Style Merger works 330 Things you should know about Style Merger 333 Adobe Type Reunion (ATR) compatibility 334 INSTALLING AND REMOVING FONTS 337 Installing Macintosh PostScript fonts 338 Installing PostScript fonts in Mac OS X 338 Installing PostScript fonts in Mac OS 7-9 339 Installing Macintosh TrueType fonts 340 Installing TrueType fonts in Mac OS X 340 Installing TrueType fonts in Mac OS 7-9 341 Installing Windows fonts 342 Installing fonts in Windows 2000 or Windows XP 343 Installing PostScript fonts in Windows 3.1/95/98/ME with Adobe Type Manager 344 Windows TrueType and .fon installation 346 Installing TrueType and .fon fonts in Windows 3.1/95/98/ME 346 Removing installed fonts 348 Removing a Macintosh font 349 Removing a Windows font 349 EXPERT ADVICE 351 General preferences 353 Options for undo 353 Using the keyboard to choose a character 354 When reading an outline font 355 Editing behavior 356 Distances 356 Point display 359 Windows and dialog boxes 361 Window preferences 361 Dialog box preferences 362 Font blending – the technical details 363 The blending process 364 Font hinting 368 Are you still with us? 368 9 Fontographer 4.7 What is hinting all about? 369 Hinting controls 373 Autohint 374 Editing hints in the outline window 375 Removing hints 376 Making new hints 376 Selection Info for hints 379 Vertical Alignment Zones 383 Hint parameters 386 Changing the default Hint Parameters 388 What happens when Fontographer opens up PostScript Type 1 fonts 389 What happens when
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