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Chorioméningite Lymphocytaire, Tuberculose, Échinococcose…
LES ZOONOSES INFECTIEUSES Juin 2021 Ce document vous est offert par Boehringer Ingelheim Ce fascicule fait partie de l’ensemble des documents polycopiés rédigés de manière concertée par des enseignants de maladies contagieuses des quatre Ecoles nationales vétérinaires françaises, à l’usage des étudiants vétérinaires. Sa rédaction et sa mise à jour régulière ont été sous la responsabilité de B. Toma jusqu’en 2006, avec la contribution, pour les mises à jour, de : G. André-Fontaine, M. Artois, J.C. Augustin, S. Bastian, J.J. Bénet, O. Cerf, B. Dufour, M. Eloit, N. Haddad, A. Lacheretz, D.P. Picavet, M. Prave La mise à jour est réalisée depuis 2007 par N. Haddad La citation bibliographique de ce fascicule doit être faite de la manière suivante : Haddad N. et al. Les zoonoses infectieuses, Polycopié des Unités de maladies réglementées des Ecoles vétérinaires françaises, Boehringer Ingelheim (Lyon), juin 2021, 217 p. Nous remercions Boehringer Ingelheim qui, depuis de nombreuses années, finance et assure la réalisation de ce polycopié. * 1 2 OBJECTIFS D’APPRENTISSAGE Rang A (libellé souligné) et rang B A l’issue de cet enseignement, les étudiants devront être capables : • de répondre à des questions posées par une personne (propriétaire d'animaux, médecin...) relatives à la nature des principales maladies bactériennes et virales transmissibles à l'Homme lors de morsure par un carnivore . • de répondre à des questions posées par une personne (propriétaire d'animaux, médecin...) relatives à l'évolution de la maladie chez l'Homme, les modalités de la transmission et de la prévention des principales maladies bactériennes et virales transmissibles à l'Homme à partir des carnivores domestiques et les grandes lignes de leur prophylaxie. -
Transmission and Evolution of Tick-Borne Viruses
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Transmission and evolution of tick-borne viruses Doug E Brackney and Philip M Armstrong Ticks transmit a diverse array of viruses such as tick-borne Bourbon viruses in the U.S. [6,7]. These trends are driven encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, and Crimean-Congo by the proliferation of ticks in many regions of the world hemorrhagic fever virus that are reemerging in many parts of and by human encroachment into tick-infested habitats. the world. Most tick-borne viruses (TBVs) are RNA viruses that In addition, most TBVs are RNA viruses that mutate replicate using error-prone polymerases and produce faster than DNA-based organisms and replicate to high genetically diverse viral populations that facilitate their rapid population sizes within individual hosts to form a hetero- evolution and adaptation to novel environments. This article geneous population of closely related viral variants reviews the mechanisms of virus transmission by tick vectors, termed a mutant swarm or quasispecies [8]. This popula- the molecular evolution of TBVs circulating in nature, and the tion structure allows RNA viruses to rapidly evolve and processes shaping viral diversity within hosts to better adapt into new ecological niches, and to develop new understand how these viruses may become public health biological properties that can lead to changes in disease threats. In addition, remaining questions and future directions patterns and virulence [9]. The purpose of this paper is to for research are discussed. review the mechanisms of virus transmission among Address vector ticks and vertebrate hosts and to examine the Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology & diversity and molecular evolution of TBVs circulating Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, in nature. -
Diapositiva 1
Simultaneous outbreak of Dengue and Chikungunya in Al Hodayda, Yemen (epidemiological and phylogenetic findings) Giovanni Rezza1, Gamal El-Sawaf2, Giovanni Faggioni3, Fenicia Vescio1, Ranya Al Ameri4, Riccardo De Santis3, Ghada Helaly2, Alice Pomponi3, Alessandra Lo Presti1, Dalia Metwally2, Massimo Fantini5, FV, Hussein Qadi4, Massimo Ciccozzi1, Florigio Lista3 1Department of lnfectious, Parasitic and lmmunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy; 2 Medical Research lnstitute- Alexandria University, Egypt; 3Histology and Molecular Biology Section, Army Medical an d Veterinary Research Center, Roma, ltaly; 4 University of Sana’a, Republic of Yemen; 5Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Roma, ltaly * * Background Fig.1 * * Yemen, which is located in the southwestern end of the Arabian Peninsula, is one of the * countries most affected by recurrent epidemics of dengue. * I We conducted a study on individuals hospitalized with dengue-like syndrome in Al Hodayda, with the aim of identifying viral agents responsible of febrile illness (i.e., dengue [DENV], chikungunya [CHIKV], Rift Valley [RVFV] and hemorrhagic fever virus Alkhurma). * * * Methods * The study site was represented by five hospital centers located in Al-Hodayda, United Republic * of Yemen. Patients were recruited in 2011 and 2012. Serum samples were analysed by ELISA * for the presence of IgM antibody against DENV and CHIKV by using commercial assays. Nucleic * acids were extracted by automated method and analyzed by using specific PCR for the Fig. 2 presence of sequences of DENV, RVF virus, Alkhurma virus and CHIKV. To confirm the results, 15 DENV positive sera underwent specific NS1 gene amplification and sequencing reaction. Similarly, CHIKV positive sera were thoroughly investigated by amplification and sequencing Conclusions the gene encoding the E1 protein. -
Generic Amplification and Next Generation Sequencing Reveal
Dinçer et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:335 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2279-1 RESEARCH Open Access Generic amplification and next generation sequencing reveal Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus AP92-like strain and distinct tick phleboviruses in Anatolia, Turkey Ender Dinçer1†, Annika Brinkmann2†, Olcay Hekimoğlu3, Sabri Hacıoğlu4, Katalin Földes4, Zeynep Karapınar5, Pelin Fatoş Polat6, Bekir Oğuz5, Özlem Orunç Kılınç7, Peter Hagedorn2, Nurdan Özer3, Aykut Özkul4, Andreas Nitsche2 and Koray Ergünay2,8* Abstract Background: Ticks are involved with the transmission of several viruses with significant health impact. As incidences of tick-borne viral infections are rising, several novel and divergent tick- associated viruses have recently been documented to exist and circulate worldwide. This study was performed as a cross-sectional screening for all major tick-borne viruses in several regions in Turkey. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was employed for virus genome characterization. Ticks were collected at 43 locations in 14 provinces across the Aegean, Thrace, Mediterranean, Black Sea, central, southern and eastern regions of Anatolia during 2014–2016. Following morphological identification, ticks were pooled and analysed via generic nucleic acid amplification of the viruses belonging to the genera Flavivirus, Nairovirus and Phlebovirus of the families Flaviviridae and Bunyaviridae, followed by sequencing and NGS in selected specimens. Results: A total of 814 specimens, comprising 13 tick species, were collected and evaluated in 187 pools. Nairovirus and phlebovirus assays were positive in 6 (3.2%) and 48 (25.6%) pools. All nairovirus sequences were closely-related to the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) strain AP92 and formed a phylogenetically distinct cluster among related strains. -
2020 Taxonomic Update for Phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), Including the Large Orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales
Archives of Virology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales Jens H. Kuhn1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Gaya K. Amarasinghe5 · Simon J. Anthony6,7 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc8 · María A. Ayllón9,10 · Justin Bahl11 · Anne Balkema‑Buschmann12 · Matthew J. Ballinger13 · Tomáš Bartonička14 · Christopher Basler15 · Sina Bavari16 · Martin Beer17 · Dennis A. Bente18 · Éric Bergeron19 · Brian H. Bird20 · Carol Blair21 · Kim R. Blasdell22 · Steven B. Bradfute23 · Rachel Breyta24 · Thomas Briese25 · Paul A. Brown26 · Ursula J. Buchholz27 · Michael J. Buchmeier28 · Alexander Bukreyev18,29 · Felicity Burt30 · Nihal Buzkan31 · Charles H. Calisher32 · Mengji Cao33,34 · Inmaculada Casas35 · John Chamberlain36 · Kartik Chandran37 · Rémi N. Charrel38 · Biao Chen39 · Michela Chiumenti40 · Il‑Ryong Choi41 · J. Christopher S. Clegg42 · Ian Crozier43 · John V. da Graça44 · Elena Dal Bó45 · Alberto M. R. Dávila46 · Juan Carlos de la Torre47 · Xavier de Lamballerie38 · Rik L. de Swart48 · Patrick L. Di Bello49 · Nicholas Di Paola50 · Francesco Di Serio40 · Ralf G. Dietzgen51 · Michele Digiaro52 · Valerian V. Dolja53 · Olga Dolnik54 · Michael A. Drebot55 · Jan Felix Drexler56 · Ralf Dürrwald57 · Lucie Dufkova58 · William G. Dundon59 · W. Paul Duprex60 · John M. Dye50 · Andrew J. Easton61 · Hideki Ebihara62 · Toufc Elbeaino63 · Koray Ergünay64 · Jorlan Fernandes195 · Anthony R. Fooks65 · Pierre B. H. Formenty66 · Leonie F. Forth17 · Ron A. M. Fouchier48 · Juliana Freitas‑Astúa67 · Selma Gago‑Zachert68,69 · George Fú Gāo70 · María Laura García71 · Adolfo García‑Sastre72 · Aura R. Garrison50 · Aiah Gbakima73 · Tracey Goldstein74 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez75,76 · Anthony Grifths77 · Martin H. Groschup12 · Stephan Günther78 · Alexandro Guterres195 · Roy A. -
Potential Arbovirus Emergence and Implications for the United Kingdom Ernest Andrew Gould,* Stephen Higgs,† Alan Buckley,* and Tamara Sergeevna Gritsun*
Potential Arbovirus Emergence and Implications for the United Kingdom Ernest Andrew Gould,* Stephen Higgs,† Alan Buckley,* and Tamara Sergeevna Gritsun* Arboviruses have evolved a number of strategies to Chikungunya virus and in the family Bunyaviridae, sand- survive environmental challenges. This review examines fly fever Naples virus (often referred to as Toscana virus), the factors that may determine arbovirus emergence, pro- sandfly fever Sicilian virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic vides examples of arboviruses that have emerged into new fever virus (CCHFV), Inkoo virus, and Tahyna virus, habitats, reviews the arbovirus situation in western Europe which is widespread throughout Europe. Rift Valley fever in detail, discusses potential arthropod vectors, and attempts to predict the risk for arbovirus emergence in the virus (RVFV) and Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) United Kingdom. We conclude that climate change is prob- could be introduced to Europe from Africa through animal ably the most important requirement for the emergence of transportation. Finally, the family Reoviridae contains a arthropodborne diseases such as dengue fever, yellow variety of animal arbovirus pathogens, including blue- fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, Crimean- tongue virus and African horse sickness virus, both known Congo hemorrhagic fever, bluetongue, and African horse to be circulating in Europe. This review considers whether sickness in the United Kingdom. While other arboviruses, any of these pathogenic arboviruses are likely to emerge such as West Nile virus, Sindbis virus, Tahyna virus, and and cause disease in the United Kingdom in the foresee- Louping ill virus, apparently circulate in the United able future. Kingdom, they do not appear to present an imminent threat to humans or animals. -
Taxonomy of the Order Bunyavirales: Update 2019
Archives of Virology (2019) 164:1949–1965 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04253-6 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019 Abulikemu Abudurexiti1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc5 · Matthew J. Ballinger6 · Dennis A. Bente7 · Martin Beer8 · Éric Bergeron9 · Carol D. Blair10 · Thomas Briese11 · Michael J. Buchmeier12 · Felicity J. Burt13 · Charles H. Calisher10 · Chénchén Cháng14 · Rémi N. Charrel15 · Il Ryong Choi16 · J. Christopher S. Clegg17 · Juan Carlos de la Torre18 · Xavier de Lamballerie15 · Fēi Dèng19 · Francesco Di Serio20 · Michele Digiaro21 · Michael A. Drebot22 · Xiaˇoméi Duàn14 · Hideki Ebihara23 · Toufc Elbeaino21 · Koray Ergünay24 · Charles F. Fulhorst7 · Aura R. Garrison25 · George Fú Gāo26 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez27 · Martin H. Groschup28 · Stephan Günther29 · Anne‑Lise Haenni30 · Roy A. Hall31 · Jussi Hepojoki32,33 · Roger Hewson34 · Zhìhóng Hú19 · Holly R. Hughes35 · Miranda Gilda Jonson36 · Sandra Junglen37,38 · Boris Klempa39 · Jonas Klingström40 · Chūn Kòu14 · Lies Laenen41,42 · Amy J. Lambert35 · Stanley A. Langevin43 · Dan Liu44 · Igor S. Lukashevich45 · Tāo Luò1 · Chuánwèi Lüˇ 19 · Piet Maes41 · William Marciel de Souza46 · Marco Marklewitz37,38 · Giovanni P. Martelli47 · Keita Matsuno48,49 · Nicole Mielke‑Ehret50 · Maria Minutolo3 · Ali Mirazimi51 · Abulimiti Moming14 · Hans‑Peter Mühlbach50 · Rayapati Naidu52 · Beatriz Navarro20 · Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes53 · Gustavo Palacios25 · Anna Papa54 · Alex Pauvolid‑Corrêa55 · Janusz T. Pawęska56,57 · Jié Qiáo19 · Sheli R. Radoshitzky25 · Renato O. Resende58 · Víctor Romanowski59 · Amadou Alpha Sall60 · Maria S. Salvato61 · Takahide Sasaya62 · Shū Shěn19 · Xiǎohóng Shí63 · Yukio Shirako64 · Peter Simmonds65 · Manuela Sironi66 · Jin‑Won Song67 · Jessica R. Spengler9 · Mark D. Stenglein68 · Zhèngyuán Sū19 · Sùróng Sūn14 · Shuāng Táng19 · Massimo Turina69 · Bó Wáng19 · Chéng Wáng1 · Huálín Wáng19 · Jūn Wáng19 · Tàiyún Wèi70 · Anna E. -
Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever in Humans, Najran, Saudi Arabia Abdullah G
RESEARCH Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever in Humans, Najran, Saudi Arabia Abdullah G. Alzahrani, Hassan M. Al Shaiban, Mohammad A. Al Mazroa, Osama Al-Hayani, Adam MacNeil, Pierre E. Rollin, and Ziad A. Memish Alkhurma virus is a fl avivirus, discovered in 1994 in a district, south of Jeddah (3). Among the 20 patients with person who died of hemorrhagic fever after slaughtering a confi rmed cases, 11 had hemorrhagic manifestations and sheep from the city of Alkhurma, Saudi Arabia. Since then, 5 died. several cases of Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (ALKHF), Full genome sequencing has indicated that ALKV is with fatality rates up to 25%, have been documented. From a distinct variant of Kyasanur Forest disease virus, a vi- January 1, 2006, through April 1, 2009, active disease sur- rus endemic to the state of Karnataka, India (4). Recently, veillance and serologic testing of household contacts identi- fi ed ALKHF in 28 persons in Najran, Saudi Arabia. For epi- ALKV was found by reverse transcription–PCR in Orni- demiologic comparison, serologic testing of household and thodoros savignyi ticks collected from camels and camel neighborhood controls identifi ed 65 serologically negative resting places in 3 locations in western Saudi Arabia (5). persons. Among ALKHF patients, 11 were hospitalized and ALKHF is thought to be a zoonotic disease, and reservoir 17 had subclinical infection. Univariate analysis indicated hosts may include camels and sheep. Suggested routes of that the following were associated with Alkhurma virus in- transmission are contamination of a skin wound with blood fection: contact with domestic animals, feeding and slaugh- of an infected vertebrate, bite of an infected tick, or drink- tering animals, handling raw meat products, drinking unpas- ing of unpasteurized, contaminated milk (6). -
Clinically Important Vector-Borne Diseases of Europe
Natalie Cleton, DVM Erasmus MC, Rotterdam Department of Viroscience [email protected] No potential conflicts of interest to disclose © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Erasmus Medical Centre Department of Viroscience Laboratory Diagnosis of Arboviruses © by author Natalie Cleton ESCMID Online LectureMarion Library Koopmans Chantal Reusken [email protected] Distribution Arboviruses with public health impact have a global and ever changing distribution © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Notifications of vector-borne diseases in the last 6 months on Healthmap.org Syndromes of arboviral diseases 1) Febrile syndrome: – Fever & Malaise – Headache & retro-orbital pain – Myalgia 2) Neurological syndrome: – Meningitis, encephalitis & myelitis – Convulsions & coma – Paralysis 3) Hemorrhagic syndrome: – Low platelet count, liver enlargement – Petechiae © by author – Spontaneous or persistent bleeding – Shock 4) Arthralgia,ESCMID Arthritis and Online Rash: Lecture Library – Exanthema or maculopapular rash – Polyarthralgia & polyarthritis Human arboviruses: 4 main virus families Family Genus Species examples Flaviviridae flavivirus Dengue 1-5 (DENV) West Nile virus (WNV) Yellow fever virus (YFV) Zika virus (ZIKV) Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) Togaviridae alphavirus Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) O’Nyong Nyong virus (ONNV) Mayaro virus (MAYV) Sindbis virus (SINV) Ross River virus (RRV) Barmah forest virus (BFV) Bunyaviridae nairo-, phlebo-©, orthobunyavirus by authorCrimean -Congo heamoragic fever (CCHFV) Sandfly fever virus -
Past, Present, and Future of Arenavirus Taxonomy
Arch Virol DOI 10.1007/s00705-015-2418-y VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS Past, present, and future of arenavirus taxonomy Sheli R. Radoshitzky1 · Yīmíng Bào2 · Michael J. Buchmeier3 · Rémi N. Charrel4,18 · Anna N. Clawson5 · Christopher S. Clegg6 · Joseph L. DeRisi7,8,9 · Sébastien Emonet10 · Jean-Paul Gonzalez11 · Jens H. Kuhn5 · Igor S. Lukashevich12 · Clarence J. Peters13 · Victor Romanowski14 · Maria S. Salvato15 · Mark D. Stenglein16 · Juan Carlos de la Torre17 © Springer-Verlag Wien 2015 Abstract Until recently, members of the monogeneric Arenaviridae to accommodate reptilian arenaviruses and family Arenaviridae (arenaviruses) have been known to other recently discovered mammalian arenaviruses and to infect only muroid rodents and, in one case, possibly improve compliance with the Rules of the International phyllostomid bats. The paradigm of arenaviruses exclu- Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). sively infecting small mammals shifted dramatically when PAirwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) of arenavirus several groups independently published the detection and genomes and NP amino acid pairwise distances support the isolation of a divergent group of arenaviruses in captive modification of the present classification. As a result, the alethinophidian snakes. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses current genus Arenavirus is replaced by two genera, suggest that these reptilian arenaviruses constitute a sister Mammarenavirus and Reptarenavirus, which are estab- clade to mammalian arenaviruses. Here, the members of lished to accommodate mammalian and reptilian the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses arenaviruses, respectively, in the same family. The current (ICTV) Arenaviridae Study Group, together with other species landscape among mammalian arenaviruses is experts, outline the taxonomic reorganization of the family upheld, with two new species added for Lunk and Merino Walk viruses and minor corrections to the spelling of some names. -
When Neglected Tropical Diseases Knock on California's Door
When Neglected Tropical Diseases Knock on California’s Door Anne Kjemtrup, DVM, MPVM, PhD California Department of Public Health Vector-Borne Disease Section Overview of Today’s Topics • Neglected tropical diseases: setting the stage for impact on California • California Public Health Overview – Surveillance/response structure – Vector-Borne Disease program areas THE MONSTER RETURNS • Two examples: Peter McCarty – Arbovirus introduction (dengue, chikungunya, zika) – Re-emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (not really NTD but similar principals) Neglected Tropical Diseases* • Buruli Ulcer • Leishmaniasis • Chagas disease • Leprosy (Hansen disease) • Dengue and Chikungunya • Lymphatic filariasis • Dracunculiasis (guinea • Onchocerciasis (river worm disease) blindness) • Echinococcosis • Mycetoma • Endemic treponematoses • Rabies (Yaws) • Schistosomiasis • Foodborne trematodiases • Soil-transmitted • Human African helminthiases trypanosomiasis (sleeping • Taeniasis/Cysticercosis sickness) • Trachoma * from: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/ Neglected Tropical Diseases • Buruli Ulcer • Leishmaniasis • Chagas disease • Leprosy (Hansen disease) • Dengue and Chikungunya • Lymphatic filariasis • Dracunculiasis (guinea • Mycetoma worm disease) • Onchocerciasis (river • Echinococcosis blindness) • Endemic treponematoses • Rabies (Yaws) • Schistosomiasis • Foodborne trematodiases • Soil-transmitted • Human African helminthiases trypanosomiasis (sleeping • Taeniasis/Cysticercosis sickness) • Trachoma California has vector and/or -
Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria
Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria Abdulwahid Abaukaka Yahaya Tehran University of Medical Sciences Yazdan Asgari ( [email protected] ) Tehran University of Medical Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-6956 Research article Keywords: Genomic, Lassa Virus, Phylogeography, Spatiotemporal and Nigeria Posted Date: October 28th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.16266/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/20 Abstract Abstract Background Lassa virus (LASV) is a single-negative strand RNA Arenavirus (genus Mammarenavirus), oriented in both negative and positive senses. Due to the increase in the fatality rate of deadly disease LASV caused (Lassa fever), widespread LASV in Nigeria has been a subject of interest. Following the upsurge of LASV endemicity in 2012, another marked incidence recorded in Nigeria, 2018, with 394 conrmed cases in 19 states, and an estimated 25% cases led to death. This study aimed at acquiring the genetic variation of LASV ancestral evolution with the evolvement of new strains in different lineage and its geographical distributions within a specic time of outbreaks through Bayesian inference, using genomic sequence across affected states in Nigeria. Results From the result, we were able to establish the relationship of Lassa mamarenavirus and other arenaviruses by classifying them into distinct monophyletic groups, i.e., the old world arenaviruses, new world arenaviruses, and Reptarenaviruses. Corresponding promoter sites for genetic expression of the viral genome were analyzed based on Transcription Starting Site (TSS), the S_Segment (MK291249.1) is about 2917–2947 bp and L_Segment (MH157036.1), is about1863–1894 bp long.