Past, Present, and Future of Arenavirus Taxonomy
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1.1.1.2 Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of arbovirus-infected tick cells Sabine Weisheit Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh 2014 Declaration .................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... ii Abstract of Thesis ....................................................................................... iii List of Figures .............................................................................................. v List -
2020 Taxonomic Update for Phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), Including the Large Orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales
Archives of Virology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales Jens H. Kuhn1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Gaya K. Amarasinghe5 · Simon J. Anthony6,7 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc8 · María A. Ayllón9,10 · Justin Bahl11 · Anne Balkema‑Buschmann12 · Matthew J. Ballinger13 · Tomáš Bartonička14 · Christopher Basler15 · Sina Bavari16 · Martin Beer17 · Dennis A. Bente18 · Éric Bergeron19 · Brian H. Bird20 · Carol Blair21 · Kim R. Blasdell22 · Steven B. Bradfute23 · Rachel Breyta24 · Thomas Briese25 · Paul A. Brown26 · Ursula J. Buchholz27 · Michael J. Buchmeier28 · Alexander Bukreyev18,29 · Felicity Burt30 · Nihal Buzkan31 · Charles H. Calisher32 · Mengji Cao33,34 · Inmaculada Casas35 · John Chamberlain36 · Kartik Chandran37 · Rémi N. Charrel38 · Biao Chen39 · Michela Chiumenti40 · Il‑Ryong Choi41 · J. Christopher S. Clegg42 · Ian Crozier43 · John V. da Graça44 · Elena Dal Bó45 · Alberto M. R. Dávila46 · Juan Carlos de la Torre47 · Xavier de Lamballerie38 · Rik L. de Swart48 · Patrick L. Di Bello49 · Nicholas Di Paola50 · Francesco Di Serio40 · Ralf G. Dietzgen51 · Michele Digiaro52 · Valerian V. Dolja53 · Olga Dolnik54 · Michael A. Drebot55 · Jan Felix Drexler56 · Ralf Dürrwald57 · Lucie Dufkova58 · William G. Dundon59 · W. Paul Duprex60 · John M. Dye50 · Andrew J. Easton61 · Hideki Ebihara62 · Toufc Elbeaino63 · Koray Ergünay64 · Jorlan Fernandes195 · Anthony R. Fooks65 · Pierre B. H. Formenty66 · Leonie F. Forth17 · Ron A. M. Fouchier48 · Juliana Freitas‑Astúa67 · Selma Gago‑Zachert68,69 · George Fú Gāo70 · María Laura García71 · Adolfo García‑Sastre72 · Aura R. Garrison50 · Aiah Gbakima73 · Tracey Goldstein74 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez75,76 · Anthony Grifths77 · Martin H. Groschup12 · Stephan Günther78 · Alexandro Guterres195 · Roy A. -
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Fact Sheet
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Fact Sheet What is Marburg hemorrhagic fever? Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and non-human primates. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic (that is, animal-borne) RNA virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led to the creation of this virus family. The four species of Ebola virus are the only other known members of the filovirus family. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). A total of 37 people became ill; they included laboratory workers as well as several medical personnel and Negative stain image of an isolate of Marburg virus, family members who had cared for them. The first people showing filamentous particles as well as the infected had been exposed to African green monkeys or characteristic "Shepherd's Crook." Magnification their tissues. In Marburg, the monkeys had been imported approximately 100,000 times. Image courtesy of for research and to prepare polio vaccine. Russell Regnery, Ph.D., DVRD, NCID, CDC. Where do cases of Marburg hemorrhagic fever occur? Recorded cases of the disease are rare, and have appeared in only a few locations. While the 1967 outbreak occurred in Europe, the disease agent had arrived with imported monkeys from Uganda. No other case was recorded until 1975, when a traveler most likely exposed in Zimbabwe became ill in Johannesburg, South Africa – and passed the virus to his traveling companion and a nurse. 1980 saw two other cases, one in Western Kenya not far from the Ugandan source of the monkeys implicated in the 1967 outbreak. -
X-Ray Structure of the Arenavirus Glycoprotein GP2 in Its Postfusion Hairpin Conformation
Corrections NEUROBIOLOGY Correction for “High-resolution structure of hair-cell tip links,” The authors note that Figure 3 appeared incorrectly. The by Bechara Kachar, Marianne Parakkal, Mauricio Kurc, Yi-dong corrected figure and its legend appear below. This error does not Zhao, and Peter G. Gillespie, which appeared in issue 24, affect the conclusions of the article. November 21, 2000, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (97:13336– 13341; 10.1073/pnas.97.24.13336). CORRECTIONS Fig. 3. Upper and lower attachments of the tip link. (A and B) Freeze-etch images of tip-link upper insertions in guinea pig cochlea (A) and (left to right) two from guinea pig cochlea, two from bullfrog sacculus, and two from guinea pig utriculus (B). Each example shows pronounced branching. (C and D) Freeze- etch images of the tip-link lower insertion in stereocilia from bullfrog sacculus (C) and guinea pig utriculus (D); multiple strands (arrows) arise from the stereociliary tip. (E) Freeze-fracture image of stereociliary tips from bullfrog sacculus; indentations at tips are indicated by arrows. (Scale bars: A = 100 nm, B = 25 nm; C–E = 100 nm.) www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1311228110 www.pnas.org PNAS | July 16, 2013 | vol. 110 | no. 29 | 12155–12156 Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 BIOCHEMISTRY BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY, STATISTICS Correction for “X-ray structure of the arenavirus glycoprotein Correction for “Differential principal component analysis of GP2 in its postfusion hairpin conformation,” by Sébastien Igo- ChIP-seq,” by Hongkai Ji, Xia Li, Qian-fei Wang, and Yang net, Marie-Christine Vaney, Clemens Vonhrein, Gérard Bri- Ning, which appeared in issue 17, April 23, 2013, of Proc Natl cogne, Enrico A. -
MARBURG HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (Marburg HF)
MARBURG HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (Marburg HF) REPORTING INFORMATION • Class A: Report immediately via telephone the case or suspected case and/or a positive laboratory result to the local public health department where the patient resides. If patient residence is unknown, report immediately via telephone to the local public health department in which the reporting health care provider or laboratory is located. Local health departments should report immediately via telephone the case or suspected case and/or a positive laboratory result to the Ohio Department of Health (ODH). • Reporting Form(s) and/or Mechanism: o Immediately via telephone. o For local health departments, cases should also be entered into the Ohio Disease Reporting System (ODRS) within 24 hours of the initial telephone report to the ODH. • Key fields for ODRS reporting include: import status (whether the infection was travel-associated or Ohio-acquired), date of illness onset, and all the fields in the Epidemiology module. AGENT Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and non-human primates. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic RNA virus of the family Filoviridae, its recognition led to the creation of this virus family. The five species of Ebola virus are the only other known members of the family Filoviridae. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). A total of 31 people became ill, including laboratory workers as well as several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. -
Taxonomy of the Order Bunyavirales: Update 2019
Archives of Virology (2019) 164:1949–1965 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04253-6 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019 Abulikemu Abudurexiti1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc5 · Matthew J. Ballinger6 · Dennis A. Bente7 · Martin Beer8 · Éric Bergeron9 · Carol D. Blair10 · Thomas Briese11 · Michael J. Buchmeier12 · Felicity J. Burt13 · Charles H. Calisher10 · Chénchén Cháng14 · Rémi N. Charrel15 · Il Ryong Choi16 · J. Christopher S. Clegg17 · Juan Carlos de la Torre18 · Xavier de Lamballerie15 · Fēi Dèng19 · Francesco Di Serio20 · Michele Digiaro21 · Michael A. Drebot22 · Xiaˇoméi Duàn14 · Hideki Ebihara23 · Toufc Elbeaino21 · Koray Ergünay24 · Charles F. Fulhorst7 · Aura R. Garrison25 · George Fú Gāo26 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez27 · Martin H. Groschup28 · Stephan Günther29 · Anne‑Lise Haenni30 · Roy A. Hall31 · Jussi Hepojoki32,33 · Roger Hewson34 · Zhìhóng Hú19 · Holly R. Hughes35 · Miranda Gilda Jonson36 · Sandra Junglen37,38 · Boris Klempa39 · Jonas Klingström40 · Chūn Kòu14 · Lies Laenen41,42 · Amy J. Lambert35 · Stanley A. Langevin43 · Dan Liu44 · Igor S. Lukashevich45 · Tāo Luò1 · Chuánwèi Lüˇ 19 · Piet Maes41 · William Marciel de Souza46 · Marco Marklewitz37,38 · Giovanni P. Martelli47 · Keita Matsuno48,49 · Nicole Mielke‑Ehret50 · Maria Minutolo3 · Ali Mirazimi51 · Abulimiti Moming14 · Hans‑Peter Mühlbach50 · Rayapati Naidu52 · Beatriz Navarro20 · Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes53 · Gustavo Palacios25 · Anna Papa54 · Alex Pauvolid‑Corrêa55 · Janusz T. Pawęska56,57 · Jié Qiáo19 · Sheli R. Radoshitzky25 · Renato O. Resende58 · Víctor Romanowski59 · Amadou Alpha Sall60 · Maria S. Salvato61 · Takahide Sasaya62 · Shū Shěn19 · Xiǎohóng Shí63 · Yukio Shirako64 · Peter Simmonds65 · Manuela Sironi66 · Jin‑Won Song67 · Jessica R. Spengler9 · Mark D. Stenglein68 · Zhèngyuán Sū19 · Sùróng Sūn14 · Shuāng Táng19 · Massimo Turina69 · Bó Wáng19 · Chéng Wáng1 · Huálín Wáng19 · Jūn Wáng19 · Tàiyún Wèi70 · Anna E. -
1 Lujo Viral Hemorrhagic Fever: Considering Diagnostic Capacity And
1 Lujo Viral Hemorrhagic Fever: Considering Diagnostic Capacity and 2 Preparedness in the Wake of Recent Ebola and Zika Virus Outbreaks 3 4 Dr Edgar Simulundu1,, Prof Aaron S Mweene1, Dr Katendi Changula1, Dr Mwaka 5 Monze2, Dr Elizabeth Chizema3, Dr Peter Mwaba3, Prof Ayato Takada1,4,5, Prof 6 Guiseppe Ippolito6, Dr Francis Kasolo7, Prof Alimuddin Zumla8,9, Dr Matthew Bates 7 8,9,10* 8 9 1 Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, 10 Lusaka, Zambia 11 2 University Teaching Hospital & National Virology Reference Laboratory, Lusaka, Zambia 12 3 Ministry of Health, Republic of Zambia 13 4 Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis 14 Control, Sapporo, Japan 15 5 Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 16 Japan 17 6 Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy 18 7 World Health Organization, WHO Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo 19 8 Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 20 U.K 21 9 University of Zambia – University College London Research & Training Programme 22 (www.unza-uclms.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 23 10 HerpeZ (www.herpez.org), University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia 24 25 *Corresponding author: Dr. Matthew Bates 26 Address: UNZA-UCLMS Research & Training Programme, University Teaching Hospital, 27 Lusaka, Zambia, RW1X 1 28 Email: [email protected]; Phone: +260974044708 29 30 2 31 Abstract 32 Lujo virus is a novel old world arenavirus identified in Southern Africa in 2008 as the 33 cause of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) characterized by nosocomial transmission 34 with a high case fatality rate of 80% (4/5 cases). -
Orthohantaviruses Belonging to Three Phylogroups All Inhibit Apoptosis in Infected Target Cells
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Orthohantaviruses belonging to three phylogroups all inhibit apoptosis in infected target cells Received: 13 July 2018 Carles Solà-Riera1, Shawon Gupta1,2, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren1 & Jonas Klingström 1 Accepted: 3 December 2018 Orthohantaviruses, previously known as hantaviruses, are zoonotic viruses that can cause hantavirus Published: xx xx xxxx pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. The HPS-causing Andes virus (ANDV) and the HFRS-causing Hantaan virus (HTNV) have anti-apoptotic efects. To investigate if this represents a general feature of orthohantaviruses, we analysed the capacity of six diferent orthohantaviruses – belonging to three distinct phylogroups and representing both pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses – to inhibit apoptosis in infected cells. Primary human endothelial cells were infected with ANDV, HTNV, the HFRS-causing Puumala virus (PUUV) and Seoul virus, as well as the putative non-pathogenic Prospect Hill virus and Tula virus. Infected cells were then exposed to the apoptosis-inducing chemical staurosporine or to activated human NK cells exhibiting a high cytotoxic potential. Strikingly, all orthohantaviruses inhibited apoptosis in both settings. Moreover, we show that the nucleocapsid (N) protein from all examined orthohantaviruses are potential targets for caspase-3 and granzyme B. Recombinant N protein from ANDV, PUUV and the HFRS-causing Dobrava virus strongly inhibited granzyme B activity and also, to certain extent, caspase-3 activity. Taken together, this study demonstrates that six diferent orthohantaviruses inhibit apoptosis, suggesting this to be a general feature of orthohantaviruses likely serving as a mechanism of viral immune evasion. Orthohantaviruses, of the order Bunyavirales and previously known as hantaviruses, are small single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses with a tri-segmented genome (S, M and L segments) encoding four to fve proteins. -
Study of Chikungunya Virus Entry and Host Response to Infection Marie Cresson
Study of chikungunya virus entry and host response to infection Marie Cresson To cite this version: Marie Cresson. Study of chikungunya virus entry and host response to infection. Virology. Uni- versité de Lyon; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai. Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019. English. NNT : 2019LYSE1050. tel-03270900 HAL Id: tel-03270900 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03270900 Submitted on 25 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°d’ordre NNT : 2019LYSE1050 THESE de DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE DE LYON opérée au sein de l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Ecole Doctorale N° 341 – E2M2 Evolution, Ecosystèmes, Microbiologie, Modélisation Spécialité de doctorat : Biologie Discipline : Virologie Soutenue publiquement le 15/04/2019, par : Marie Cresson Study of chikungunya virus entry and host response to infection Devant le jury composé de : Choumet Valérie - Chargée de recherche - Institut Pasteur Paris Rapporteure Meng Guangxun - Professeur - Institut Pasteur Shanghai Rapporteur Lozach Pierre-Yves - Chargé de recherche - CHU d'Heidelberg Rapporteur Kretz Carole - Professeure - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Examinatrice Roques Pierre - Directeur de recherche - CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses Examinateur Maisse-Paradisi Carine - Chargée de recherche - INRA Directrice de thèse Lavillette Dimitri - Professeur - Institut Pasteur Shanghai Co-directeur de thèse 2 UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD - LYON 1 Président de l’Université M. -
An Attenuated Machupo Virus with a Disrupted L-Segment Intergenic
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN An attenuated Machupo virus with a disrupted L-segment intergenic region protects guinea pigs against Received: 1 February 2017 Accepted: 22 May 2017 lethal Guanarito virus infection Published: xx xx xxxx Joseph W. Golden1, Brett Beitzel2, Jason T. Ladner2, Eric M. Mucker1, Steven A. Kwilas1, Gustavo Palacios 2 & Jay W. Hooper 1 Machupo virus (MACV) is a New World (NW) arenavirus and causative agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (HF). Here, we identified a variant of MACV strain Carvallo termed Car91 that was attenuated in guinea pigs. Infection of guinea pigs with an earlier passage of Carvallo, termed Car68, resulted in a lethal disease with a 63% mortality rate. Sequencing analysis revealed that compared to Car68, Car91 had a 35 nucleotide (nt) deletion and a point mutation within the L-segment intergenic region (IGR), and three silent changes in the polymerase gene that did not impact amino acid coding. No changes were found on the S-segment. Because it was apathogenic, we determined if Car91 could protect guinea pigs against Guanarito virus (GTOV), a distantly related NW arenavirus. While naïve animals succumbed to GTOV infection, 88% of the Car91-exposed guinea pigs were protected. These findings indicate that attenuated MACV vaccines can provide heterologous protection against NW arenaviruses. The disruption in the L-segment IGR, including a single point mutant and 35 nt partial deletion, were the only major variance detected between virulent and avirulent isolates, implicating its role in attenuation. Overall, our data support the development of live-attenuated arenaviruses as broadly protective pan- arenavirus vaccines. -
Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria
Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria Abdulwahid Abaukaka Yahaya Tehran University of Medical Sciences Yazdan Asgari ( [email protected] ) Tehran University of Medical Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-6956 Research article Keywords: Genomic, Lassa Virus, Phylogeography, Spatiotemporal and Nigeria Posted Date: October 28th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.16266/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/20 Abstract Abstract Background Lassa virus (LASV) is a single-negative strand RNA Arenavirus (genus Mammarenavirus), oriented in both negative and positive senses. Due to the increase in the fatality rate of deadly disease LASV caused (Lassa fever), widespread LASV in Nigeria has been a subject of interest. Following the upsurge of LASV endemicity in 2012, another marked incidence recorded in Nigeria, 2018, with 394 conrmed cases in 19 states, and an estimated 25% cases led to death. This study aimed at acquiring the genetic variation of LASV ancestral evolution with the evolvement of new strains in different lineage and its geographical distributions within a specic time of outbreaks through Bayesian inference, using genomic sequence across affected states in Nigeria. Results From the result, we were able to establish the relationship of Lassa mamarenavirus and other arenaviruses by classifying them into distinct monophyletic groups, i.e., the old world arenaviruses, new world arenaviruses, and Reptarenaviruses. Corresponding promoter sites for genetic expression of the viral genome were analyzed based on Transcription Starting Site (TSS), the S_Segment (MK291249.1) is about 2917–2947 bp and L_Segment (MH157036.1), is about1863–1894 bp long. -
Identification of Novel Antiviral Compounds Targeting Entry Of
viruses Article Identification of Novel Antiviral Compounds Targeting Entry of Hantaviruses Jennifer Mayor 1,2, Giulia Torriani 1,2, Olivier Engler 2 and Sylvia Rothenberger 1,2,* 1 Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (G.T.) 2 Spiez Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute for NBC-Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-21-314-51-03 Abstract: Hemorrhagic fever viruses, among them orthohantaviruses, arenaviruses and filoviruses, are responsible for some of the most severe human diseases and represent a serious challenge for public health. The current limited therapeutic options and available vaccines make the development of novel efficacious antiviral agents an urgent need. Inhibiting viral attachment and entry is a promising strategy for the development of new treatments and to prevent all subsequent steps in virus infection. Here, we developed a fluorescence-based screening assay for the identification of new antivirals against hemorrhagic fever virus entry. We screened a phytochemical library containing 320 natural compounds using a validated VSV pseudotype platform bearing the glycoprotein of the virus of interest and encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). EGFP expression allows the quantitative detection of infection and the identification of compounds affecting viral entry. We identified several hits against four pseudoviruses for the orthohantaviruses Hantaan (HTNV) and Citation: Mayor, J.; Torriani, G.; Andes (ANDV), the filovirus Ebola (EBOV) and the arenavirus Lassa (LASV). Two selected inhibitors, Engler, O.; Rothenberger, S.