DOCSLIB.ORG

Clinically Important Vector-Borne Diseases of Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Clinically Important Vector-Borne Diseases of Europe Natalie Cleton, DVM Erasmus MC, Rotterdam Department of Viroscience [email protected] No potential conflicts of interest to disclose © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Erasmus Medical Centre Department of Viroscience Laboratory Diagnosis of Arboviruses © by author Natalie Cleton ESCMID Online LectureMarion Library Koopmans Chantal Reusken [email protected] Distribution Arboviruses with public health impact have a global and ever changing distribution © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Notifications of vector-borne diseases in the last 6 months on Healthmap.org Syndromes of arboviral diseases 1) Febrile syndrome: – Fever & Malaise – Headache & retro-orbital pain – Myalgia 2) Neurological syndrome: – Meningitis, encephalitis & myelitis – Convulsions & coma – Paralysis 3) Hemorrhagic syndrome: – Low platelet count, liver enlargement – Petechiae © by author – Spontaneous or persistent bleeding – Shock 4) Arthralgia,ESCMID Arthritis and Online Rash: Lecture Library – Exanthema or maculopapular rash – Polyarthralgia & polyarthritis Human arboviruses: 4 main virus families Family Genus Species examples Flaviviridae flavivirus Dengue 1-5 (DENV) West Nile virus (WNV) Yellow fever virus (YFV) Zika virus (ZIKV) Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) Togaviridae alphavirus Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) O’Nyong Nyong virus (ONNV) Mayaro virus (MAYV) Sindbis virus (SINV) Ross River virus (RRV) Barmah forest virus (BFV) Bunyaviridae nairo-, phlebo-©, orthobunyavirus by authorCrimean -Congo heamoragic fever (CCHFV) Sandfly fever virus (SFV, TOSV) Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) ESCMID Online LectureOropouche Libraryvirus (OROV) 5 Reoviridae Seadorna- en coltivirus Colorado tick-borne fever (CTFV) Banna virus (BANV) 8 maart 2016 5 8 maart 2016 Overview of spread & syndromes of vector-borne diseases Many diseases display overlapping symptoms and geographical distribution Europe AR NS HS WNV* TBEV* DENV^ East Asia North America DENV^ WNV* CCHFV AR NS HS AR NS HS TAHV LIV DENV^* JEV* DENV^* WNV* CEV/LCV* DENV^ SINV* TOSV* §SFV* DENV^ WNV* WNV TBEV OHFV CHIKV BATV CHIKV* WNV SFTSV CHIKV POWV TAHV SLEV TAHV BANV CCHFV EEEV West and Central Asia TAHV WEEV AR NS HS CTFV DENV^* CHIKV* RVFV* North Africa WNV* WNV* CCHFV AR NS HS TAHV TBEV DENV^* Caribbean and Central America DENV^* TOSV* RVFV* SINV BANV OHFV South and Southeast Asia AR NS HS WNV* RVFV* CCHFV* TAHV AHFV AR NS HS DENV^ OROV* DENV^* CHIKV* TAHV YFV* §SFV* RVFV* DENV^ JEV* DENV^* * SINV DENV^* * WNV WEEV TAHV §SFV* WNV* WNV* KFDV ZIKV* EEEV BUNV ZIKV* TBEV SFTSV OROV* VEEV Sub-Saharan Africa TBEV BANV CCHFV CHIKV* ILHV AR NS HS CHIKV* TAHV WNV DENV^ WNV* DENV^* TAHV Flaviridea SLEV * WNV* RVFV* RVFV* Togaviridae South America YFV* BUNV NRIV ZIKV TAHV ILEV AR NS HS CHIKV* BWA CCHFV Bunyaviridae DENV^* OROV* DENV^* SINV BUNV ZIKV* WEEV YFV ONNV ILEV Reoviridae WNV EEEV Oceania BWA CHIKV* VEEV TAHV AR NS HS MAYV* SLEV ILEV RRV* MEV* DENV^ OROV* WNV BFV* JEV © by TATVauthor§WSBV ILHV NRIV CHIKV WNV ROCV SINV WNV DENV^ ZIKV Fig 1. Geographical distribution of medically important arboviruses that cause febrile disease in humans. All arboviruses causeESCMID febrile symptoms, but symptoms more specificOnline to certain viruses are represented Lecture in three columns: 1) Arthralgia- RashLibrary (AR); 2) Neurological symptoms (NS), and 3) Hemorrhagic symptoms (HS). Virus name is written in the color of its corresponding (and potentially cross-reactive) family. Arboviruses not known to cause more than febrile symptoms are preceded with a §-sign. Arboviruses more likely to be diagnosed in travelers are followed by *. AKHV = Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus; BANV = Banna virus; BFV = Barmah Forest virus; BWAV = Bwamba virus; BUNV = Bunyamwera virus; CEV = California encephalitis virus; CHIKV = Chikungunya virus; CTFV = Colorado tick fever virus; CCHFV = Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; DENV = Dengue virus; EEEV = Eastern equine encephalitis virus; GROV = Guaroa virus; ILEV = Ilesha virus; ILHV = Ilheus virus; JEV = Japanese encephalitis virus; KFDV = Kyasanur Forest disease virus; LCV = La cross virus; LIV = Louping Ill virus; MAYV = Mayaro virus; MURV = Murray Valley virus; NRIV = Ngari virus; OHFV = Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus; ONNV = O’Nyong Nyong virus; OROV = Oropouche virus; RVFV = Rift Valley fever virus; ROCV = Rocio virus; RRV = Ross river virus; SFV = Sandfly fever (Naples / Sicilian / other); SFTS V = Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus; SINV = Sindbis virus; SLEV = St. Louis encephalitis virus; TAHV = Tahyna virus; TATV = Tataguine virus; TBEV = Tick-borne encephalitis virus; TOSV = Toscana virus; VEEV = Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; WEEV = Western equine encephalitis virus; WNV = West Nile virus; YFV = Yellow fever virus; ZIKV = Zika virus. Cleton et al 2012 Journal of Clinical virology & Cleton et al 2015 PNTD Testing algorithm Section based on - Travel history - Clinical symptoms - Potential cross-reactivity / vaccination - Virus kinetics (Days post onset symptoms) ----------------------------------------© by author - Exposure history - RiskESCMID factors Online Lecture Library Testing algorithm and Information provided Information provided to LIMS Travel history 75% General symptoms 42% ? Vaccination history © by author 0.5% ESCMID Online Lecture Library Days post onset 0.5% Sample possibilities - Serum / plasma => Virus detection / Antibodies - CSF => Virus detection / Antibodies - Urine (WNV, DENV, ZIKV) => Virus detection - Tissues (post mortem) => Virus detection © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Cleton et al, Clinical Virology, 2012 Testing method options Viral detection • Virus isolation => Vero cells => BSL3/4!!!! • Detection of viral genome => RT-PCR / IHC • Detection of viral antigen => DENV NS1 © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library 1 8 maart 2016 0 Testing method options Antibody detection • IgG/IgM - Seroconversion - IgG/IgM 4x titer increase =>2 samples needed with 14 day interval - IgM in liquor in case of neurological disease => confirmative - IgG saliva (experimental) © by author ELISA ESCMID Online Lecture Library Immuno flourenscence Plaque reduction Neutrilization Haemagglutination inhibition 1 8 maart 2016 1 Test selection dependent on disease kinetics Humans are often dead-end hosts in these cases • West Nile virus • Japanese encephalitis virus • Tick-borne encephalitis virus • Sandfly fever virus © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Onset of NS symptoms L. Peterson, proceedings on Arboviral Management 2012 WNV, TBEV, TOSV sensitivity type of tests Sensitivity Molecular Serology 0-3 days POS Fever => 56% in serum Fever => 54% in serum NS => 10% serum / 55% CSF NS => 75% serum/CSF 4-7 days POS Fever => 10% in serum Fever => 98% in serum NS => 10% serum / 55% CSF NS => 100% serum/CSF >7 days POS Fever => 4% in serum Fever => 98% in serum ©NS => by 1% serum author / 10% CSF NS => 100% serum/CSF Urine: +/- 14 days POS RT-PCR pos POSESCMID = Post Onset Symptoms Online Lecture Library NS = Neurological symptoms Disease kinetics CHIKV, ZIKV, DENV Day 1-2 © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Onset of NS symptoms Guzman, M. G. et al. Nature Reviews Microbiology 8, S7–S16 (2010). DENV, (ZIKV), CHIKV sensitivity type of tests Sensitivity Molecular Serology 0-3 days POS Fever => 50% in serum Fever => 50% in serum 4-7 days POS Fever => 50% in serum Fever => 75-100% in serum >7 days POS Fever => <10% in serum Fever => 100% in serum DENV NS1-antigen-capture: 2-9 days POS (primary) or 1-4 days POS (secondary) • ©not replacementby authorfor PCR! • low sensitivity….. • cross-reactivity…..(minimal) ESCMID Online• Aspecific reactions Lecture(snap-test) Library POS = Post Onset Symptoms NS = Neurological symptoms Disease kinetics CCHFV © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Ergonul, LID 2006 CCHFV sensitivity type of tests Virus isolation Molecular Serology 0-3 days POS 67% serum 0% serum 4-7 days POS 71% serum 65% serum >7 days POS 61% serum up to 98% serum © by author16 days POS POS = Post Onset Symptoms ESCMID Online Lecture Library Interpretation of serological results Results dependent Health status of patient • Vaccination history: Cross-reactivity in serological tests due to flavivirus vaccines • Yellow fever virus (South Americas, Africa) • Japanese encephalitis virus (Asia) • Tick-brone encephalitis virus (Central and Eastern Europe) • Dengue virus (Central and South Americas) • YOPI’s => low or no immune response (extended viremia or IgM response) • Previous infections => antigenic sin • Cross-reactivity & sensitivity differ dependent on viral antigen used (or whole virus used) => in-house validation© essential by forauthor interpretation! ESCMID Online Lecture Library 18 1 8 maart 2016 8 Antigenic sin Memory B-cells developed against epitopes of primary pathogen Secondary infection with closely related pathogen (Influenza, Dengue, HIV, Cowpox) Memory B-cells activated to primary pathogen Reducing production of b-cells to secondary pathogen © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library http://nfs.unipv.it/nfs/minf/dispense/immunology/lectures Interpretation of arbovirus diagnostic results Acute sample Antigen- Virus IgM IgG PCR capture isolation Pos Pos Pos Pos Neg Neg Pos Neg No Vaccination Neg in CSF? history? IHC Pos Yes No Neg Pos interpretatio © byinterpretatio author interpretatio ID Virus n not n not ID Virus n not possible possible possible Convalescent serum sample with 2wk interval needed ESCMID OnlineSeroconversion Lectureor Library 4-fold titre increase (VNT) Pos Neg ID Virus No diagnosis Interpretation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mosquitoes in DENGUE MOSQUITOES the World? ARE MOST ACTIVE DURING BO the DAY AROUND a U S T YOUR YARD T SALTMARSH MOSQUITOES C ARE MOST a ACTIVE at DUSK
    Mosquito awareness Did you know... Mosquito species there are 3500 vary in their species of biting behaviour mosquitoes in DENGUE MOSQUITOES the world? ARE MOST ACTIVE DURING BO THE DAY AROUND A U S T YOUR YARD T SALTMARSH MOSQUITOES C ARE MOST A ACTIVE AT DUSK AND DAWN F Council conducts 300 SPECIES IN AUSTRALIA mosquito control 40 SPECIES IN TOWNSVILLE World's COUNCIL CONDUCTS deadliest MOSQUITO CONTROL ON MOSQUITOES PUBLIC LAND, USING BOTH animals GROUND AND AERIAL TREATMENTS TO TARGET NUMBER OF PEOPLE MOSQUITO LARVAE. KILLED BY ANIMALS PER YEAR Mosquitoes wings beat 300-600 times per second Mosquitoes Mosquitoes can carry are attracted many diseases. to humans FROM THE ODOURS AND CARBON DIOXIDE WE EXPIRE FROM BREATHING Protect yourself OR SWEATING. townsville.qld.gov.au and your family Mosquitoes distance of travel 13 48 10 from mosquito bites from breeding point by using personal DENGUE MOSQUITO SALTMARSH MOSQUITO protection. 200M 50KM BREEDING PLACE Mosquito Mosquito Mosquito life cycle disease prevention A mosquito is an insect characterised by Protect yourself Did you know... Dengue. 1. Three body parts against disease-carrying Townsville City Do your weekly a. Head mosquitoes Council undertakes yard check. b. Thorax c. Abdomen reactive inspection ARE YOU MAKING DENGUE Mosquito borne How do of properties within MOSSIES WELCOME 2. A proboscis (for AROUND YOUR HOME? piercing and sucking) diseases found in mosquitoes the Townsville local TAKE RESPONSIBILITY TO 3. One pair of antennae Townsville include transmit government area PROTECT YOURSELF AND 4. One pair of wings YOUR FAMILY BY CHECKING Ross River virus diseases? based on customer YOUR YARD FOR ANYTHING 5.
    [Show full text]
  • California Encephalitis Orthobunyaviruses in Northern Europe
    California encephalitis orthobunyaviruses in northern Europe NIINA PUTKURI Department of Virology Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Doctoral Program in Biomedicine Doctoral School in Health Sciences Academic Dissertation To be presented for public examination with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, in lecture hall 13 at the Main Building, Fabianinkatu 33, Helsinki, 23rd September 2016 at 12 noon. Helsinki 2016 Supervisors Professor Olli Vapalahti Department of Virology and Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Department of Virology and Immunology, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland Professor Antti Vaheri Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Reviewers Docent Heli Harvala Simmonds Unit for Laboratory surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden and European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden Docent Pamela Österlund Viral Infections Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Offical Opponent Professor Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research National Reference Centre for Tropical Infectious Disease Hamburg, Germany ISBN 978-951-51-2399-2 (PRINT) ISBN 978-951-51-2400-5 (PDF, available
    [Show full text]
  • Zika Virus Outside Africa Edward B
    Zika Virus Outside Africa Edward B. Hayes Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus related to yellow fever, est (4). Serologic studies indicated that humans could also dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses. In be infected (5). Transmission of ZIKV by artificially fed 2007 ZIKV caused an outbreak of relatively mild disease Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to mice and a monkey in a labora- characterized by rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis on Yap tory was reported in 1956 (6). Island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. This was the first ZIKV was isolated from humans in Nigeria during time that ZIKV was detected outside of Africa and Asia. The studies conducted in 1968 and during 1971–1975; in 1 history, transmission dynamics, virology, and clinical mani- festations of ZIKV disease are discussed, along with the study, 40% of the persons tested had neutralizing antibody possibility for diagnostic confusion between ZIKV illness to ZIKV (7–9). Human isolates were obtained from febrile and dengue. The emergence of ZIKV outside of its previ- children 10 months, 2 years (2 cases), and 3 years of age, ously known geographic range should prompt awareness of all without other clinical details described, and from a 10 the potential for ZIKV to spread to other Pacific islands and year-old boy with fever, headache, and body pains (7,8). the Americas. From 1951 through 1981, serologic evidence of human ZIKV infection was reported from other African coun- tries such as Uganda, Tanzania, Egypt, Central African n April 2007, an outbreak of illness characterized by rash, Republic, Sierra Leone (10), and Gabon, and in parts of arthralgia, and conjunctivitis was reported on Yap Island I Asia including India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, in the Federated States of Micronesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission and Evolution of Tick-Borne Viruses
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Transmission and evolution of tick-borne viruses Doug E Brackney and Philip M Armstrong Ticks transmit a diverse array of viruses such as tick-borne Bourbon viruses in the U.S. [6,7]. These trends are driven encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, and Crimean-Congo by the proliferation of ticks in many regions of the world hemorrhagic fever virus that are reemerging in many parts of and by human encroachment into tick-infested habitats. the world. Most tick-borne viruses (TBVs) are RNA viruses that In addition, most TBVs are RNA viruses that mutate replicate using error-prone polymerases and produce faster than DNA-based organisms and replicate to high genetically diverse viral populations that facilitate their rapid population sizes within individual hosts to form a hetero- evolution and adaptation to novel environments. This article geneous population of closely related viral variants reviews the mechanisms of virus transmission by tick vectors, termed a mutant swarm or quasispecies [8]. This popula- the molecular evolution of TBVs circulating in nature, and the tion structure allows RNA viruses to rapidly evolve and processes shaping viral diversity within hosts to better adapt into new ecological niches, and to develop new understand how these viruses may become public health biological properties that can lead to changes in disease threats. In addition, remaining questions and future directions patterns and virulence [9]. The purpose of this paper is to for research are discussed. review the mechanisms of virus transmission among Address vector ticks and vertebrate hosts and to examine the Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology & diversity and molecular evolution of TBVs circulating Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • The Non-Human Reservoirs of Ross River Virus: a Systematic Review of the Evidence Eloise B
    Stephenson et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:188 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2733-8 REVIEW Open Access The non-human reservoirs of Ross River virus: a systematic review of the evidence Eloise B. Stephenson1*, Alison J. Peel1, Simon A. Reid2, Cassie C. Jansen3,4 and Hamish McCallum1 Abstract: Understanding the non-human reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens is critical for effective disease control, but identifying the relative contributions of the various reservoirs of multi-host pathogens is challenging. For Ross River virus (RRV), knowledge of the transmission dynamics, in particular the role of non-human species, is important. In Australia, RRV accounts for the highest number of human mosquito-borne virus infections. The long held dogma that marsupials are better reservoirs than placental mammals, which are better reservoirs than birds, deserves critical review. We present a review of 50 years of evidence on non-human reservoirs of RRV, which includes experimental infection studies, virus isolation studies and serosurveys. We find that whilst marsupials are competent reservoirs of RRV, there is potential for placental mammals and birds to contribute to transmission dynamics. However, the role of these animals as reservoirs of RRV remains unclear due to fragmented evidence and sampling bias. Future investigations of RRV reservoirs should focus on quantifying complex transmission dynamics across environments. Keywords: Amplifier, Experimental infection, Serology, Virus isolation, Host, Vector-borne disease, Arbovirus Background transmission dynamics among arboviruses has resulted in Vertebrate reservoir hosts multiple definitions for the key term “reservoir” [9]. Given Globally, most pathogens of medical and veterinary im- the diversity of virus-vector-vertebrate host interactions, portance can infect multiple host species [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Encephalitis
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:405–415 405 NEUROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TROPICAL DISEASE Japanese encephalitis Tom Solomon, Nguyen Minh Dung, Rachel Kneen, Mary Gainsborough, David W Vaughn, Vo Thi Khanh Although considered by many in the west to be West Nile virus, a flavivirus found in Africa, the a rare and exotic infection, Japanese encephali- Middle East, and parts of Europe, is tradition- tis is numerically one of the most important ally associated with a syndrome of fever causes of viral encephalitis worldwide, with an arthralgia and rash, and with occasional estimated 50 000 cases and 15 000 deaths nervous system disease. However, in 1996 West annually.12About one third of patients die, and Nile virus caused an outbreak of encephalitis in half of the survivors have severe neuropshychi- Romania,5 and a West Nile-like flavivirus was atric sequelae. Most of China, Southeast Asia, responsible for an encephalitis outbreak in and the Indian subcontinent are aVected by the New York in 1999.67 virus, which is spreading at an alarming rate. In In northern Europe and northern Asia, flavi- these areas, wards full of children and young viruses have evolved to use ticks as vectors adults aZicted by Japanese encephalitis attest because they are more abundant than mosqui- Department of to its importance. toes in cooler climates. Far eastern tick-borne Neurological Science, University of encephalitis virus (also known as Russian Liverpool, Walton Historical perspective spring-summer encephalitis virus) is endemic Centre for Neurology Epidemics of encephalitis were described in in the eastern part of the former USSR, and and Neurosurgery, Japan from the 1870s onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus B
    viruses Article A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus but Does Not Replicate in Vertebrate Cells Jessica J. Harrison 1,†, David Warrilow 2,†, Breeanna J. McLean 1, Daniel Watterson 1, Caitlin A. O’Brien 1, Agathe M.G. Colmant 1, Cheryl A. Johansen 3, Ross T. Barnard 1, Sonja Hall-Mendelin 2, Steven S. Davis 4, Roy A. Hall 1 and Jody Hobson-Peters 1,* 1 Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia; [email protected] (J.J.H.); [email protected] (B.J.M.); [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (C.A.O.B.); [email protected] (A.M.G.C.); [email protected] (R.T.B.); [email protected] (R.A.H.) 2 Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield 4108, Australia; [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (S.H.-M.) 3 School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia; [email protected] 4 Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Darwin 0828, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-7-3365-4648 † These authors contributed equally to the work. Academic Editor: Karyn Johnson Received: 19 February 2016; Accepted: 10 May 2016; Published: 20 May 2016 Abstract: The discovery and characterisation of new mosquito-borne viruses provides valuable information on the biodiversity of vector-borne viruses and important insights into their evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • COMENIUS UNIVERSITY in BRATISLAVA Faculty of Natural Sciences
    COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA Faculty of Natural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI Department of Biomedical Sciences MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HANTAVIRUSES IN CENTRAL EUROPE AND ANTIVIRAL SCREENING AGAINST ZOONOTIC VIRUSES CAUSING HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS DISSERTATION 2017 RNDr. PaedDr. Róbert SZABÓ COMENIUS UNIVERSITY IN BRATISLAVA Faculty of Natural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI Department of Biomedical Sciences MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HANTAVIRUSES IN CENTRAL EUROPE AND ANTIVIRAL SCREENING AGAINST ZOONOTIC VIRUSES CAUSING HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS Dissertation Study program: Virology Molecular and Translational Medicine Field of Study: Virology Place of the study: Biomedical Research Center, SAS in Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy Supervisors: RNDr. Boris Klempa, DrSc. Prof. Alessandra Pani Bratislava, 2017 RNDr. PaedDr. Róbert SZABÓ 25276874 Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave Prírodovedecká fakulta ZADANIE ZÁVEREČNEJ PRÁCE Meno a priezvisko študenta: RNDr. PaedDr. Róbert Szabó Študijný program: virológia (Jednoodborové štúdium, doktorandské III. st., denná forma) Študijný odbor: virológia Typ záverečnej práce: dizertačná Jazyk záverečnej práce: anglický Sekundárny jazyk: slovenský Názov: Molecular epidemiology of hantaviruses in Central Europe and antiviral screening against zoonotic viruses causing hemorrhagic fevers Molekulárna epidemiológia hantavírusov v strednej Európe a antivírusový skríning proti zoonotickým vírusom spôsobujúcim hemoragické horúčky Cieľ: Main objectives
    [Show full text]
  • A Replication-Defective Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)
    www.nature.com/npjvaccines ARTICLE OPEN A replication-defective Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine candidate with NS1 deletion confers dual protection against JEV and West Nile virus in mice ✉ Na Li1,2, Zhe-Rui Zhang1,2, Ya-Nan Zhang1,2, Jing Liu1,2, Cheng-Lin Deng1, Pei-Yong Shi3, Zhi-Ming Yuan1, Han-Qing Ye 1 and ✉ Bo Zhang 1,4 In our previous study, we have demonstrated in the context of WNV-ΔNS1 vaccine (a replication-defective West Nile virus (WNV) lacking NS1) that the NS1 trans-complementation system may offer a promising platform for the development of safe and efficient flavivirus vaccines only requiring one dose. Here, we produced high titer (107 IU/ml) replication-defective Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) with NS1 deletion (JEV-ΔNS1) in the BHK-21 cell line stably expressing NS1 (BHKNS1) using the same strategy. JEV-ΔNS1 appeared safe with a remarkable genetic stability and high degrees of attenuation of in vivo neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence. Meanwhile, it was demonstrated to be highly immunogenic in mice after a single dose, providing similar degrees of protection to SA14-14-2 vaccine (a most widely used live attenuated JEV vaccine), with healthy condition, undetectable viremia and gradually rising body weight. Importantly, we also found JEV-ΔNS1 induced robust cross-protective immune responses against the challenge of heterologous West Nile virus (WNV), another important member in the same JEV serocomplex, accounting for up to 80% survival rate following a single dose of immunization relative to mock-vaccinated mice. These results not only support the identification of 1234567890():,; the NS1-deleted flavivirus vaccines with a satisfied balance between safety and efficacy, but also demonstrate the potential of the JEV-ΔNS1 as an alternative vaccine candidate against both JEV and WNV challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • Virulence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotypes I and III, Taiwan
    Virulence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotypes I and III, Taiwan Yi-Chin Fan,1 Jen-Wei Lin,1 Shu-Ying Liao, within a year (8,9), which provided an excellent opportu- Jo-Mei Chen, Yi-Ying Chen, Hsien-Chung Chiu, nity to study the transmission dynamics and pathogenicity Chen-Chang Shih, Chi-Ming Chen, of these 2 JEV genotypes. Ruey-Yi Chang, Chwan-Chuen King, A mouse model showed that the pathogenic potential Wei-June Chen, Yi-Ting Ko, Chao-Chin Chang, is similar among different JEV genotypes (10). However, Shyan-Song Chiou the pathogenic difference between GI and GIII virus infec- tions among humans remains unclear. Endy et al. report- The virulence of genotype I (GI) Japanese encephalitis vi- ed that the proportion of asymptomatic infected persons rus (JEV) is under debate. We investigated differences in among total infected persons (asymptomatic ratio) is an the virulence of GI and GIII JEV by calculating asymptomat- excellent indicator for estimating virulence or pathogenic- ic ratios based on serologic studies during GI- and GIII-JEV endemic periods. The results suggested equal virulence of ity of dengue virus infections among humans (11). We used GI and GIII JEV among humans. the asymptomatic ratio method for a study to determine if GI JEV is associated with lower virulence than GIII JEV among humans in Taiwan. apanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquitoborne Jflavivirus, causes Japanese encephalitis (JE). This virus The Study has been reported in Southeast Asia and Western Pacific re- JEVs were identified in 6 locations in Taiwan during 1994– gions since it emerged during the 1870s in Japan (1).
    [Show full text]
  • When Neglected Tropical Diseases Knock on California's Door
    When Neglected Tropical Diseases Knock on California’s Door Anne Kjemtrup, DVM, MPVM, PhD California Department of Public Health Vector-Borne Disease Section Overview of Today’s Topics • Neglected tropical diseases: setting the stage for impact on California • California Public Health Overview – Surveillance/response structure – Vector-Borne Disease program areas THE MONSTER RETURNS • Two examples: Peter McCarty – Arbovirus introduction (dengue, chikungunya, zika) – Re-emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (not really NTD but similar principals) Neglected Tropical Diseases* • Buruli Ulcer • Leishmaniasis • Chagas disease • Leprosy (Hansen disease) • Dengue and Chikungunya • Lymphatic filariasis • Dracunculiasis (guinea • Onchocerciasis (river worm disease) blindness) • Echinococcosis • Mycetoma • Endemic treponematoses • Rabies (Yaws) • Schistosomiasis • Foodborne trematodiases • Soil-transmitted • Human African helminthiases trypanosomiasis (sleeping • Taeniasis/Cysticercosis sickness) • Trachoma * from: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/ Neglected Tropical Diseases • Buruli Ulcer • Leishmaniasis • Chagas disease • Leprosy (Hansen disease) • Dengue and Chikungunya • Lymphatic filariasis • Dracunculiasis (guinea • Mycetoma worm disease) • Onchocerciasis (river • Echinococcosis blindness) • Endemic treponematoses • Rabies (Yaws) • Schistosomiasis • Foodborne trematodiases • Soil-transmitted • Human African helminthiases trypanosomiasis (sleeping • Taeniasis/Cysticercosis sickness) • Trachoma California has vector and/or
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito-Borne Viruses, Insect-Specific
    FULL PAPER Virology Mosquito-borne viruses, insect-specific flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus), Banna virus (family Reoviridae, genus Seadornavirus), Bogor virus (unassigned member of family Permutotetraviridae), and alphamesoniviruses 2 and 3 (family Mesoniviridae, genus Alphamesonivirus) isolated from Indonesian mosquitoes SUPRIYONO1), Ryusei KUWATA1,2), Shun TORII1), Hiroshi SHIMODA1), Keita ISHIJIMA3), Kenzo YONEMITSU1), Shohei MINAMI1), Yudai KURODA3), Kango TATEMOTO3), Ngo Thuy Bao TRAN1), Ai TAKANO1), Tsutomu OMATSU4), Tetsuya MIZUTANI4), Kentaro ITOKAWA5), Haruhiko ISAWA6), Kyoko SAWABE6), Tomohiko TAKASAKI7), Dewi Maria YULIANI8), Dimas ABIYOGA9), Upik Kesumawati HADI10), Agus SETIYONO10), Eiichi HONDO11), Srihadi AGUNGPRIYONO10) and Ken MAEDA1,3)* 1)Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan 2)Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan 3)Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan 4)Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8508, Japan 5)Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan 6)Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1
    [Show full text]