26M 2008 Space Security 2007 Spacesecurity.Org.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
CHAPTER 57 the Role of GIS in Military Strategy, Operations and Tactics Steven D
CHAPTER 57 The Role of GIS in Military Strategy, Operations and Tactics Steven D. Fleming, Michael D. Hendricks and John A. Brockhaus 57.1 Introduction The United States military has used geospatial information in every conflict throughout its history of warfare. Until the last quarter century, geospatial information used by commanders on the battlefield was in the form of paper maps. Of note, these maps played pivotal roles on the littoral battlegrounds of Normandy, Tarawa and Iwo Jima (Greiss 1984; Ballendorf 2003). Digital geospatial data were employed extensively for the first time during military actions on Grenada in 1983 (Cole 1998). Since then, our military has conducted numerous operations while preparing for many like contingencies (Cole 1998; Krulak 1999). US forces have and will continue to depend on maps—both analog and digital—as baseline planning tools for military operations that employ both Legacy and Objective Forces (Murray and O’Leary 2002). Important catalysts involved in transitioning the US military from dependency on analog to digital products include: (1) the Global Positioning System (GPS); (2) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); (3) high-resolution satellite imagery; and (4) geographic information systems (GISs) (NIMA 2003). In addressing these four important catalysts, this review is first structured to include a summary of geospatial data collection technologies, traditional and state-of-the-art, relevant to military operations and, second, to examine GIS integration of these data for use in military applications. The application that will be addressed is the devel- opment and analysis of littoral warfare (LW) databases used to assess maneuvers in coastal zones (Fleming et al. -
Optimized Planning for a Multiple Space Debris Removal Mission
Optimized Planning for a Multiple Space Debris Removal Mission Author: Mikkel Kranker Jørgensen Supervisor: Prof. Inna Sharf Doctoral Thesis Department of Mechanical Engineering McGill University Montréal, Québec, Canada December 2020 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering ©Mikkel Kranker Jørgensen, 2020 Abstract Lower Earth orbits (LEO) have become the residence for a significant number of large space debris, most of which are defunct satellites and rocket upper stages. The said debris jeopardize regular spacecraft operations in LEO and act as sources of smaller debris as a result of collisions and degradation. To mitigate the adverse effects of space debris and to remediate the LEO region, active debris removal (ADR) missions have been proposed. In this thesis, a mission plan for de-orbiting multiple pieces of large space debris is formulated and evaluated. Within this mission plan, low thrust orbital manoeuvres are used to achieve the necessary orbital transfers by considering the trade-offs between fuel mass and mission time. For the proposed mission scenario, the debris re-enters Earth’s atmosphere in an uncontrolled fashion and as such, strategies for minimizing casualty risk as a result of debris re-entry are proposed. In the first part of the thesis, two approaches for multiple debris removal are considered: recursive and mothership. The latter involves the chaser travelling directly from debris to debris and is used for benchmarking the primary (recursive) mission scenario. The recur- sive scenario requires the chaser to capture and de-orbit the debris to a disposal orbit, after which it releases the first piece of debris and performs a rendezvous with the next debris, continuing until the end of the mission in a recursive fashion. -
The Great Game in Space China’S Evolving ASAT Weapons Programs and Their Implications for Future U.S
The Great Game in Space China’s Evolving ASAT Weapons Programs and Their Implications for Future U.S. Strategy Ian Easton The Project 2049 Institute seeks If there is a great power war in this century, it will not begin to guide decision makers toward with the sound of explosions on the ground and in the sky, but a more secure Asia by the rather with the bursting of kinetic energy and the flashing of century’s mid-point. The laser light in the silence of outer space. China is engaged in an anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons drive that has profound organization fills a gap in the implications for future U.S. military strategy in the Pacific. This public policy realm through Chinese ASAT build-up, notable for its assertive testing regime forward-looking, region-specific and unexpectedly rapid development as well as its broad scale, research on alternative security has already triggered a cascade of events in terms of U.S. and policy solutions. Its strategic recalibration and weapons acquisition plans. The interdisciplinary approach draws notion that the U.S. could be caught off-guard in a “space on rigorous analysis of Pearl Harbor” and quickly reduced from an information-age socioeconomic, governance, military juggernaut into a disadvantaged industrial-age power in any conflict with China is being taken very seriously military, environmental, by U.S. war planners. As a result, while China’s already technological and political impressive ASAT program continues to mature and expand, trends, and input from key the U.S. is evolving its own counter-ASAT deterrent as well as players in the region, with an eye its next generation space technology to meet the challenge, toward educating the public and and this is leading to a “great game” style competition in informing policy debate. -
A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
A B 1 Name of Satellite, Alternate Names Country of Operator/Owner 2 AcrimSat (Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor) USA 3 Afristar USA 4 Agila 2 (Mabuhay 1) Philippines 5 Akebono (EXOS-D) Japan 6 ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite; Daichi) Japan 7 Alsat-1 Algeria 8 Amazonas Brazil 9 AMC-1 (Americom 1, GE-1) USA 10 AMC-10 (Americom-10, GE 10) USA 11 AMC-11 (Americom-11, GE 11) USA 12 AMC-12 (Americom 12, Worldsat 2) USA 13 AMC-15 (Americom-15) USA 14 AMC-16 (Americom-16) USA 15 AMC-18 (Americom 18) USA 16 AMC-2 (Americom 2, GE-2) USA 17 AMC-23 (Worldsat 3) USA 18 AMC-3 (Americom 3, GE-3) USA 19 AMC-4 (Americom-4, GE-4) USA 20 AMC-5 (Americom-5, GE-5) USA 21 AMC-6 (Americom-6, GE-6) USA 22 AMC-7 (Americom-7, GE-7) USA 23 AMC-8 (Americom-8, GE-8, Aurora 3) USA 24 AMC-9 (Americom 9) USA 25 Amos 1 Israel 26 Amos 2 Israel 27 Amsat-Echo (Oscar 51, AO-51) USA 28 Amsat-Oscar 7 (AO-7) USA 29 Anik F1 Canada 30 Anik F1R Canada 31 Anik F2 Canada 32 Apstar 1 China (PR) 33 Apstar 1A (Apstar 3) China (PR) 34 Apstar 2R (Telstar 10) China (PR) 35 Apstar 6 China (PR) C D 1 Operator/Owner Users 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Government 3 WorldSpace Corp. Commercial 4 Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp. Commercial 5 Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, University of Tokyo Civilian Research 6 Earth Observation Research and Application Center/JAXA Japan 7 Centre National des Techniques Spatiales (CNTS) Government 8 Hispamar (subsidiary of Hispasat - Spain) Commercial 9 SES Americom (SES Global) Commercial -
CPA-022-2006 Versão
Referência: CPA-022-2006 Versão: Status: 1.0 Ativo Data: Natureza: Número de páginas: 29/novembro/2006 Aberto 67 Origem: Revisado por: Aprovado por: Ney de Freitas e Marcos de Alencar – 4Biz Assessoria e GT-01 GT-01 Consultoria Título: Panorama/Diagnóstico de Satélites Desenvolvidos e Operantes ao Longo dos Últimos Cinco Anos e Tendências Futuras Lista de Distribuição Organização Para Cópias INPE Grupos Temáticos, Grupo Gestor, Grupo Orientador e Grupo Consultivo do Planejamento Estratégico Histórico do Documento Versão Alterações 1.0 Estudo elaborado sob contrato junto ao Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (CGEE). Data: 29/11/2006 Hora: 11:00 Versão: 1.0 Pág: - PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO OBJETIVO DO ESTUDO Panorama/Diagnóstico de Satélites Desenvolvidos e Operantes ao Longo dos Últimos Cinco Anos e Tendências Futuras Contratado pelo CGEE – Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos Elaborado por Ney Menandro Garcia de Freitas Marcus Franco Costa de Alencar Outubro 2006 Panorama/Diagnóstico de Satélites Desenvolvidos e Operantes ao Longo dos Últimos Cinco Anos e Tendências Futuras Indice 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................4 2. DEFINIÇÕES....................................................................................................................4 2.1. CRITÉRIOS DE CATEGORIZAÇÃO ............................................................................4 2.2. ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS........................................................................................6 -
Into the Unknown Together the DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight
Frontmatter 11/23/05 10:12 AM Page i Into the Unknown Together The DOD, NASA, and Early Spaceflight MARK ERICKSON Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama September 2005 Frontmatter 11/23/05 10:12 AM Page ii Air University Library Cataloging Data Erickson, Mark, 1962- Into the unknown together : the DOD, NASA and early spaceflight / Mark Erick- son. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58566-140-6 1. Manned space flight—Government policy—United States—History. 2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration—History. 3. Astronautics, Military—Govern- ment policy—United States. 4. United States. Air Force—History. 5. United States. Dept. of Defense—History. I. Title. 629.45'009'73––dc22 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the editor and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public re- lease: distribution unlimited. Air University Press 131 West Shumacher Avenue Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6615 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii Frontmatter 11/23/05 10:12 AM Page iii To Becky, Anna, and Jessica You make it all worthwhile. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Frontmatter 11/23/05 10:12 AM Page v Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii DEDICATION . iii ABOUT THE AUTHOR . ix 1 NECESSARY PRECONDITIONS . 1 Ambling toward Sputnik . 3 NASA’s Predecessor Organization and the DOD . 18 Notes . 24 2 EISENHOWER ACT I: REACTION TO SPUTNIK AND THE BIRTH OF NASA . 31 Eisenhower Attempts to Calm the Nation . -
Space Security Index 2013
SPACE SECURITY INDEX 2013 www.spacesecurity.org 10th Edition SPACE SECURITY INDEX 2013 SPACESECURITY.ORG iii Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publications Data Space Security Index 2013 ISBN: 978-1-927802-05-2 FOR PDF version use this © 2013 SPACESECURITY.ORG ISBN: 978-1-927802-05-2 Edited by Cesar Jaramillo Design and layout by Creative Services, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Cover image: Soyuz TMA-07M Spacecraft ISS034-E-010181 (21 Dec. 2012) As the International Space Station and Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft were making their relative approaches on Dec. 21, one of the Expedition 34 crew members on the orbital outpost captured this photo of the Soyuz. Credit: NASA. Printed in Canada Printer: Pandora Print Shop, Kitchener, Ontario First published October 2013 Please direct enquiries to: Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541, ext. 7708 Fax: 519-888-0018 Email: [email protected] Governance Group Julie Crôteau Foreign Aairs and International Trade Canada Peter Hays Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Ram Jakhu Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University Ajey Lele Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Paul Meyer The Simons Foundation John Siebert Project Ploughshares Ray Williamson Secure World Foundation Advisory Board Richard DalBello Intelsat General Corporation Theresa Hitchens United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research John Logsdon The George Washington University Lucy Stojak HEC Montréal Project Manager Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE PAGE 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations PAGE 5 Introduction PAGE 9 Acknowledgements PAGE 10 Executive Summary PAGE 23 Theme 1: Condition of the space environment: This theme examines the security and sustainability of the space environment, with an emphasis on space debris; the potential threats posed by near-Earth objects; the allocation of scarce space resources; and the ability to detect, track, identify, and catalog objects in outer space. -
Commercial Spacecraft Mission Model Update
Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) Report of the COMSTAC Technology & Innovation Working Group Commercial Spacecraft Mission Model Update May 1998 Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation Federal Aviation Administration U.S. Department of Transportation M5528/98ml Printed for DOT/FAA/AST by Rocketdyne Propulsion & Power, Boeing North American, Inc. Report of the COMSTAC Technology & Innovation Working Group COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT MISSION MODEL UPDATE May 1998 Paul Fuller, Chairman Technology & Innovation Working Group Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) Associative Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation Federal Aviation Administration U.S. Department of Transportation TABLE OF CONTENTS COMMERCIAL MISSION MODEL UPDATE........................................................................ 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 2. 1998 Mission Model Update Methodology.................................................................. 1 3. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 2 4. Recommendations....................................................................................................... 3 5. References .................................................................................................................. 3 APPENDIX A – 1998 DISCUSSION AND RESULTS........................................................ -
<> CRONOLOGIA DE LOS SATÉLITES ARTIFICIALES DE LA
1 SATELITES ARTIFICIALES. Capítulo 5º Subcap. 10 <> CRONOLOGIA DE LOS SATÉLITES ARTIFICIALES DE LA TIERRA. Esta es una relación cronológica de todos los lanzamientos de satélites artificiales de nuestro planeta, con independencia de su éxito o fracaso, tanto en el disparo como en órbita. Significa pues que muchos de ellos no han alcanzado el espacio y fueron destruidos. Se señala en primer lugar (a la izquierda) su nombre, seguido de la fecha del lanzamiento, el país al que pertenece el satélite (que puede ser otro distinto al que lo lanza) y el tipo de satélite; este último aspecto podría no corresponderse en exactitud dado que algunos son de finalidad múltiple. En los lanzamientos múltiples, cada satélite figura separado (salvo en los casos de fracaso, en que no llegan a separarse) pero naturalmente en la misma fecha y juntos. NO ESTÁN incluidos los llevados en vuelos tripulados, si bien se citan en el programa de satélites correspondiente y en el capítulo de “Cronología general de lanzamientos”. .SATÉLITE Fecha País Tipo SPUTNIK F1 15.05.1957 URSS Experimental o tecnológico SPUTNIK F2 21.08.1957 URSS Experimental o tecnológico SPUTNIK 01 04.10.1957 URSS Experimental o tecnológico SPUTNIK 02 03.11.1957 URSS Científico VANGUARD-1A 06.12.1957 USA Experimental o tecnológico EXPLORER 01 31.01.1958 USA Científico VANGUARD-1B 05.02.1958 USA Experimental o tecnológico EXPLORER 02 05.03.1958 USA Científico VANGUARD-1 17.03.1958 USA Experimental o tecnológico EXPLORER 03 26.03.1958 USA Científico SPUTNIK D1 27.04.1958 URSS Geodésico VANGUARD-2A -
Appendix 15B. Tables of Operational Military Satellites TED MOLCZAN and JOHN PIKE*
Appendix 15B. Tables of operational military satellites TED MOLCZAN and JOHN PIKE* Table 15B.1. US operational military satellites, as of 31 December 2002a Common Official Intl NORAD Launched Launch Perigee Apogee Incl. Period name name name design. (date) Launcher site (km) (km) (deg.) (min.) Comments Navigation satellites in medium earth orbit GPS 2-02 SVN 13/USA 38 1989-044A 20061 10 June 89 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 594 20 787 53.4 718.0 GPS 2-04b SVN 19/USA 47 1989-085A 20302 21 Oct 89 Delta 6925 CCAFS 21 204 21 238 53.4 760.2 (Retired, not in SEM Almanac) GPS 2-05 SVN 17/USA 49 1989-097A 20361 11 Dec 89 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 795 20 583 55.9 718.0 GPS 2-08b SVN 21/USA 63 1990-068A 20724 2 Aug 90 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 716 20 705 56.2 718.8 (Decommissioned Jan. 2003) GPS 2-09 SVN 15/USA 64 1990-088A 20830 1 Oct 90 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 978 20 404 55.8 718.0 GPS 2A-01 SVN 23/USA 66 1990-103A 20959 26 Nov 90 Delta 6925 CCAFS 19 764 20 637 56.4 718.4 GPS 2A-02 SVN 24/USA 71 1991-047A 21552 4 July 91 Delta 7925 CCAFS 19 927 20 450 56.0 717.9 GPS 2A-03 SVN 25/USA 79 1992-009A 21890 23 Feb 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 19 913 20 464 53.9 717.9 GPS 2A-04b SVN 28/USA 80 1992-019A 21930 10 Apr 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 20 088 20 284 54.5 717.8 (Decommissioned May 1997) GPS 2A-05 SVN 26/USA 83 1992-039A 22014 7 July 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 19 822 20 558 55.9 718.0 GPS 2A-06 SVN 27/USA 84 1992-058A 22108 9 Sep 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 19 742 20 638 54.1 718.0 GPS 2A-07 SVN 32/USA 85 1992-079A 22231 22 Nov 92 Delta 7925 CCAFS 20 042 20 339 55.7 718.0 GPS 2A-08 SVN 29/USA 87 1992-089A -
China Dream, Space Dream: China's Progress in Space Technologies and Implications for the United States
China Dream, Space Dream 中国梦,航天梦China’s Progress in Space Technologies and Implications for the United States A report prepared for the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Kevin Pollpeter Eric Anderson Jordan Wilson Fan Yang Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Dr. Patrick Besha and Dr. Scott Pace for reviewing a previous draft of this report. They would also like to thank Lynne Bush and Bret Silvis for their master editing skills. Of course, any errors or omissions are the fault of authors. Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. CONTENTS Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 -
Reconl1aissance Units by SGM Michael L. Ables SGM Randal Day
Reconl1aissance Units by SGM Michael L. Ables SGM Randal Day SGM Kevin Engel MSG Armands Loginovs SGM Joe Tracy SMSgt Herrick Group Room R04 24 February 2006 · . Reconnaissance Units ii Outline Thesis: Based on technological advances in recent years, the need for the human reconnaissance unit is not fading away it ' s only changing. 1. Introduction Types of reconnaissance platforms T echllology II. Human reconnaissance III. Intelligence, SunTeillence, and Reconnaissance platforms IV. Satellite reconnaissance V. Umanned Aerial Vehicle VI. Analysis Conclusion Counterpoint Reconnaissance Units 1 Reconnaissance Units Based on technological advances in recent years, the need for the human reconnaissance unit is not fading away it's only changing. We will discuss four different types of reconnaissance platforms: human reconnaissance, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), SateHite, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Human reconnaissance has been around longer than any other asset. ISR platforms have been around since man has learned to fly. The ISR platform that we will look at is the Joint Surveillance Tactical Attack Radar System (JSTARS). Tlus platform is a joint venture with the United States Army and the Air Force. Satellite reconnaissance has been around since 04 October 1957 when Russia launched Sputluk 1. The Uluted States launched Explorer 1 on 31 January 1958 ("The History of Satellites, Sputnik and The Dawn ofthe Space Age"). Since that time satellites have been used for a multitude of purposes including but not restricted to commUlucations, various types of imagery, and intelligence gathering. UAVs have been used by the nulitary since the early 90s but were being tested and developed in 1989.