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Faunal Assemblage Gergő Paukovics INTEGRATED METHODS OF COLLECTING AND PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN HUNGARY: FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE MA Thesis in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. CEU eTD Collection Central European University Budapest Month YYYY INTEGRATED METHODS OF COLLECTING AND PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN HUNGARY: FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE by Gergő Paukovics (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest Month YYYY INTEGRATED METHODS OF COLLECTING AND PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN HUNGARY: FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE by Gergő Paukovics (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, CentralEuropeanUniversity, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest Month YYYY INTEGRATED METHODS OF COLLECTING AND PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN HUNGARY: FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE by Gergő Paukovics (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, CentralEuropeanUniversity, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Supervisor CEU eTD Collection Budapest Month YYYY I, the undersigned, Gergő Paukovics, candidate for the MA degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management, declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of the work of others, and no part of the thesis infringes on any person‘s or institution‘s copyright. I also declare that no part of the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. Budapest, 31 May 2016 __________________________ Signature CEU eTD Collection Abstract In my thesis I offer a new bioarchaeological protocol with a special focus on animal remains for the medieval archaeological site of Pomáz-Nagykovácsi-puszta (Hungary, Pest County). Therefore I compared Hungarian zooarchaeological protocols and related documents through qualitative analysis in order to critically illuminate the following problems: 1. Lack of unified approach 2. Different focal points 3. Missing important issues I analysed and compared the different concept and approaches towards bioarchaeology in North-America, Europe, and Hungary. This comparison resulted that there is no unified approach in the field neither in Europe, nor across the Atlantic. Unified terminology helps researchers of different field of study to understand, and to effectively communicate each other. For this purpose I deliberately employ the original, holistic concept towards bioarchaeology, which this way in my view could contribute more to the field of archaeology. Through three selected case studies I shed light on methods used in practice from the planning period of an excavation until the implementation, and long-term archiving. Each of the case studies is designed to emphasise different set of issues in bioarchaeology such as excavation strategy, sampling, storage, and discarding policies. My research on Hungarian and international protocols, and best excavation practices helped me to develop a new set of principles and a new bioarchaeological protocol for the planned excavation site of Pomáz-Nagykovácsi-puszta. CEU eTD Collection i Acknowledgements I would like to thank all of those who have helped with this thesis, and made it possible. Firstly, I must thank Alice Mathea Choyke for the advice and counsel throughout the process of writing this, all of which has been gratefully received. I would like to thank József Laszlovszky for allowing me to research and excavate at Pomáz-Nagykovácsi-puszta, and Magdolna Vicze to let me take part in the Százhalombatta Archaeological Expedition. I must thank the York Archaeological Trust for allowing me to research the materials from their excavations. I would like to thank Nienke van Doorn, Louis Carter, Ian Milsted, and Clare Rainsford, who were provided a lot of valuable supplementary information on various aspects of the excavations, and curation policies at York. Thanks must also go to Partick Gibbs, without him, my research in York would not have been possible. Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my teachers, friends, family and especially Xénia Farkas, for providing me with unfailing support, motivation, and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study, research, and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. Thank you. CEU eTD Collection ii Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Case studies .......................................................................................................................... 6 3. What is bioarchaeology about exactly? ...................................................................................... 9 3.1. The origins of bioarchaeology – historical overview ........................................................ 10 3.2. The contemporary situation ............................................................................................... 13 3.3. The Hungarian situation ..................................................................................................... 15 3.4. Why bioarchaeology is a useful term and how I use the term ........................................... 17 4. Comparison of Hungarian archaeozoological protocols ........................................................... 19 4.1. Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 19 4.2. Overview of Hungarian protocols for zooarchaeology ...................................................... 20 4.3. Selection criteria ................................................................................................................ 21 4.4. The ICAZ protocol ............................................................................................................. 23 4.5. The analysis ....................................................................................................................... 24 4.5.1. The protocols .............................................................................................................. 24 4.5.2. The zooarchaeological report ...................................................................................... 29 4.6. A brief summary of the protocols‘ analysis ....................................................................... 31 5. Case Study No. 1: Százhalombatta-Földvár ............................................................................. 32 5.1. Introduction - SAX ............................................................................................................ 32 5.2. Excavation methodology ................................................................................................... 33 5.2.1. Recovery and dry-sieving ........................................................................................... 36 5.2.2. Sampling ..................................................................................................................... 38 5.2.3. Flotation ...................................................................................................................... 40 5.2.4. Bioarchaeological data ................................................................................................ 42 CEU eTD Collection 5.2.5. Digital archiving ......................................................................................................... 43 6. Case Study No. 2: Pomáz-Nagykovácsi-puszta ........................................................................ 45 6.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 45 6.2. Excavation methodology: current situation ....................................................................... 47 7. Case Study No. 3: Hungate Project, York Archaeological Trust ............................................. 52 7.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 52 iii 7.2. On the site: From
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