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CLAROS – Bringing Classical Art to a Global Public

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CLAROS – Bringing Classical Art to a Global Public CLAROS – bringing classical art to a global public Donna Kurtz Greg Parker Beazley Archive Beazley Archive Oxford University Oxford University [email protected] [email protected] David Shotton Graham Klyne Department of Zoology Department of Zoology Oxford University Oxford University [email protected] [email protected] Florian Schroff Andrew Zisserman Engineering Science Engineering Science Oxford University Oxford University [email protected] [email protected] Yorick Wilks Oxford Internet Institute Oxford University [email protected] Abstract - CLAROS (Classical Art Research Online I. THE CLAROS VISION Services; www.clarosweb.org) is an international interdisciplinary research initiative led by the University The scholarship of classical antiquity pre-dates the of Oxford (Humanities and Mathematics and Physical Renaissance. The art of ancient Greece and Rome has Sciences), hosted by the Oxford e-Research Centre been collected and displayed in the world’s great (OeRC, www.oerc.ox.ac.uk), and inspired by the Beazley Archive (www.beazley.ox.ac.uk) participating in EU museums for centuries. Even before the web, it R&D projects. During 2009, a pump-priming grant from enjoyed global acclaim. The web’s potential for the University’s Fell Fund enabled CLAROS to integrate broadening access was embraced by the Beazley on line more than two million records and images held in Archive in the mid-1990s when it participated with research centres in Oxford, Paris, Cologne and Berlin. some of Europe’s greatest museums in the EU project CLAROS uses CIDOC CRM (http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/), RAMA (www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/archive/rama.htm). developed under UNESCO’s ICOM Then housed in the University’s Ashmolean Museum, (http://icom.museum/), to map across datasets and a the Archive had been documenting classical art in portfolio of Open Source software to deliver them swiftly worldwide collections since 1979; unlike the great to a broad range of global users. Data web applications for integration are being developed by Zoology museums, it already had highly structured datasets and (http://ibrg.zoo.ox.ac.uk/), image recognition by employed a university ICT infrastructure. Engineering Science (www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/), and Over the past thirty years the Archive and its artificial intelligence by the Oxford Internet Institute colleagues – Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae (www.oii.ox.ac.uk). CLAROS will welcome new Classicae (http://www.mae.u-paris10.fr/limc-france/), institutional members and engage with the public to Research Sculpture Archive in the University of document art and disseminate results. Cologne (www.arachne.uni-koeln.de), and the German Archaeological Institute (www.dainst.org/) have Source registry of objects. Beyond it, CLAROS offers created about 20 terabytes of data and images relating the potential of an intellectually sophisticated search to many types of ancient Greek and Roman art and its schema that can be adapted for Science as well as Art. collection and ‘reception’ since antiquity. In addition We hope its model of interdisciplinary collaboration to painted pottery, engraved gems and cameos, will inspire others. sculpture and other ancient media, ‘modern’ media New institutional members with extensive digital such as antiquarian books and photographs take the datasets to share will be welcomed within CLAROS; user from antiquity to the present. Since this art was the service is theoretically infinitely extensible. Each made by literate societies and can bear inscriptions in member retains his own assets in his own format, his Greek and Latin, the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names own website and his own IPR. A Collaboration (www.lgpn.ox.ac.uk/) also participates in CLAROS, Agreement drafted by the Legal Services of the firmly placing art in its ancient cultural context and University of Oxford is offered to institutional providing a natural bridge to the large and well- partners; they are encouraged to obtain their developed epidoc community. administration's approval of this document, and to (http://epidoc.sourceforge.net/). share their comments and suggestions with the In 2000 the Beazley Archive invited these CLAROS partnership. colleagues to begin discussions on how best to Since classical art is appreciated by a global integrate their combined digital assets for the public community, future development of the service will benefit. Over nearly a decade, while the group worked offer the public ways to engage with experts, and also steadily towards its goal without dedicated funding, to contribute information about their own privately CIDOC CRM was being developed for the held data and images. For example, we envision digital international museum community under the auspices of images taken by cameras and mobile phones ‘on site’ UNESCO’s ICOM, and the concept of a Semantic Web uploaded to CLAROS ‘clouds’ for image recognition, was emerging. A pump-priming grant from the identification and expert documentation. We also University of Oxford’s Fell Fund for data web envision personal downloads through mobile phones to development enabled the CLAROS Vision to come provide expert documentation on museum objects into focus. being viewed, and an intelligent ‘Companion’ to the The inter-disciplinary collaboration between the rich nexus of material that will automatically extract Oxford University Humanities Division and additional relevant data from the web according to the Mathematics and Physical Sciences Division was user’s needs. (Donna Kurtz) facilitated by OeRC, the University of Oxford’s e- Research Centre, dedicated to bringing academics II. CLAROS DATASETS across the university together. Both Donna Kurtz (Faculty of Classics) and David Shotton (Department There are five founder members of CLAROS, each of Zoology) are Research Affiliates of OeRC. Its with extensive datasets on classical antiquity (mainly Director, Anne Trefethen, and the University’s art) that have been created over the past thirty years. Director of IT, Paul Jeffreys, have guided and actively Collectively they have more than two million records encouraged the initiative. and images that will be available through CLAROS. This paper describes the work carried out during Each had highly structured data about intellectually 2008/9 and the applications planned for the coming coherent material – the material culture of ancient year. Greece and Rome. That made it technically relatively CLAROS has many goals. Among them are: straightforward to bring them together virtually and making digital facsimiles of rare and expensive academically worth doing. A guiding principle of primary reference books available to anyone, CLAROS is that no partner should need to change the anywhere, at any time, enabling scholars to access format of his data to join. Each of the founder members datasets of intellectually coherent material easily and uses different databases and front end programs for swiftly through one multi-lingual search facility, entering, querying and displaying results through their enabling museums to access scholarly records about own websites. Data have been exported from each their own and other museums' objects, and permitting partner into a common CIDOC CRM format. The the public and educational institutions (schools, diversity of data formats demonstrates clearly how colleges, universities) to engage with ‘high art’ in other institutional partners can join CLAROS easily. innovative ways such as image recognition and the David Shotton describes the dataweb technologies in creation of virtual exhibitions. Within the art world, section 3. CLAROS has the potential to form a global Open A. University of Oxford - Beazley Archive created over more than one hundred years and are still being enlarged by new campaigns. The Beazley Archive, established in 1970, began to use electronic documentation in 1979, and now has D. University of Paris X - Lexicon Iconographicum databases of ancient (mainly Greek) pottery (150,000 Mythologiae Classicae records and 130,000 images), engraved gems and cameos, antique and post-antique (50,000 records and Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae is 50,000 images), plaster casts of classical sculpture (900 an international scientific enterprise that began in 1972 records and 1,000 images), antiquarian (900 records with scholars, academies and research centres from and 1,000 images) and topographical photographs thirty-eight nations that works with museums of (classical and non-classical sites). classical antiquities in many of these and other Data are stored in an extensible database system countries. From 1981 Lexicon Iconographicum that was developed by the Beazley Archive to enable Mythologiae Classicae has been published in eight text searches to be made across its different datasets. This and eight plates volumes (8,400 pages of text - in system also allows researchers to define their own data English, French, German, or Italian, with 32,000 black- structure easily and provides a web interface for and-white photographs grouped in 5,800 plates), and updating, maintaining and presenting the data. The two volumes of Index (1,026 pages). LIMC central underlying data are stored as XML in an SQL Server editorial office, located in Basel, is linked with LIMC database. Advanced automatic indexing allows the use documentation and research centres in Athens, of this data in a flexible relational manner for rapid Heidelberg/Würzburg and Paris. The Paris office has data entry
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