Visit www.scnps.org/swamprabbit to see other plants that grow wild on the Trail. Not all wild plants are native plants! In general, plants are considered native to this area if they occurred VINES Swamp Rabbit plants growing in the Carolinas To learn more about these and other wild plants and the natural communities they are part here before Europeans arrived. Over thousands of years, Carolina Jessamine, of, participate in a South Carolina Native Plant Society field trip, plant rescue, workday, or meeting native flora and fauna have developed complex inter- Yellow Jessamine o — and come to our native plant sale! Visit www.scnps.org to see what’s going on... dependencies that we are only beginning to understand. Gelsemium sempervirens. The bright yellow since before the time of Columbus trumpet-shaped flowers of South Carolina’s state flower bloom on this evergreen twining vine in early spring. The entire plant is toxic, containing strychnine-related chemicals. FORBS/HERBS Carolina Moonseed o g FERNS Cocculus carolinus. A perennial woody vine i Bunched Arrowhead o Sagittaria fasciculata. f Wild Strawberry o Small’s Ragwort o f Hollow-stem Joe Pye Weed o with attractive bunches of dark to translu- Christmas Fern o cent red berries. Good late-season bird food. Polystichum acrostichoides. A widespread A globally rare, federally protected plant known to Fragaria virginiana. Domestic strawberries are Packera anonyma. A rich golden- Eutrochium fistulosum. Plants reach 8-10’ tall evergreen fern that holds its fronds occur in only 3 counties, northern Greenvile County hybrids of this wild native yellow commonly seen on mowed and bear a large loose crowning cluster of showy upright for most of the year. Leaflets being its epicenter. Its seepage habitat is very and a European species. Its roadsides in early spring, with pink blossoms, which attract butterflies, bees and f Groundnut o Perennial leguminous vine with (“pinnae”) are said to resemble Christ- threatened, and Travelers Rest is home to a 180- leaves have 3 leaflets, which are hairy tufted seeds spread by wind. many other nectar feeders. Leaves are arranged Apios americana. pinnately compound leaves (5-7 leaf- mas stockings. acre Bunched Arrowhead Heritage Preserve. toothed; the flowers are white; its in whorls. fruit is red and quite sweet when ripe! Hemp Dogbane, lets), dense clusters of interesting burgundy flowers, Common Cattail o k f New York Ebony Spleenwort o g Indian Hemp o g and edible bean B Asplenium platyneuron. Fronds vaguely Typha latifolia. The male flowers at tips of young Tick-trefoils, Beggar’s Lice o g Apocynum cannabinum. Mature Ironweed o pods and under- similar to those of stalks are high in protein and good in pancakes; female flowers Desmodium spp. Small pink pea-like flowers give rise stems commonly red and with Vernonia noveboracensis. ground tubers. Christmas Fern, below can be steamed and eaten like corn on the cob. to racemes of small fruits covered with dense hooked long tough fibers that Native Americans twisted Tall (3-6’) perennial with but smaller. Its hairs which can stick to clothing, pets, etc., as a seed into cordage. A milkweed relative, with milky sap. alternate leaves, topped fertile fronds stand l Duck Potato o Sagittaria latifolia. dispersal strategy. Common in forest edges. with clusters of intensely Butterfly-pea(s)oo g Centrosema virginianum (A) & rigidly upright; the Also known as Broadleaf Arrowhead, Asclepias spp. purple blooms. Moist sites. Milkweed o g Clitoria mariana (B). Two very similar viny perennial sterile fronds lie this has arrow-shaped leaves and Toothed Spurge o g Milkweed flowers produce copious amounts legumes. Both have large (to 1.5”) light purple to A prostrate. Evergreen. stalks of small white 3-pet- Euphorbia dentata. A cousin to our Christmas of nectar and are very popular with pollinat- blue pea flowers, butCentrosema aled flowers. Indigenous Poinsettias. Flowers are small greenish cup- ing insects. Its toxic alkaloids provide protec- Boneset o g forms long (to 5”) flattened beanlike peoples used its under- shaped structures called cyathia, and leaves tion to those insects that have adapted to Eupatorium spp. Hyssopleaf Boneset, Roundleaf Sensitive Fern o surrounding them may be Boneset and Late-flowering Boneset are some pods and long climbing vines. Clitoria’s pods are Onoclea sensibilis. Sensitive to cold, not to water tubers as food. feed on it, such as the Monarch butterfly (for splashed with color, looking like of the Bonesets on the Trail. The name comes shorter, and it tends to trail not climb. touch, this is sometimes confused with Netted which it is the primary host plant). At least 2 flower petals. Mildly toxic milky from its use as a folk medicine to reduce fevers, Chain Fern. They both prefer wettish places. Little Sweet Betsy Trillium o species are found on the Trail. Trillium cuneatum. Several Trillium species sap oozes from a torn leaf or cut stem. especially flu’s “bonebreak” fevers. f Greenbrier o f o occur in the Upstate, all with just 3 leaves, Smilax spp. There are several Smilax Netted Chain Fern 3 sepals, and 3 petals. Plants are usually 5-7 years old before they Impatiens capensis. f Oldfield Toadflax o species on the SRT that are very spiny; others Lorinseria areolata (Woodwardia areolata). f Orange Jewelweed o Linaria canadensis (Nuttallanthus canadensis). That lavender f Daisy flower and may live over 100 years. Also called “Touch-me-not”, because ripe seeds explode have only a few spines. They can climb high into Pinnae (the frond’s divisions) of Sensitive mist hovering low across a field in April might, upon closer Fleabane o out of its seed pods when touched. Flowers have a trees and form impenetrable barriers. Fern tend to be opposite, wavy-edged, and inspection, prove to be a swath of small plants (that Erigeron annuus & E. strigosus. large nectar-laden spur in back and are pollinated by blunt, whereas those of Netted Chain Fern are f Solomon’s Seal o someone thought resembled flax) with tiny purplish flowers Two very similar old field Polygonatum biflorum. Solomon Seal’s hummingbirds and bees. Closely related to garden annuals, 2-3’ tall with f Muscadine o more often alternate, pointy-tipped, and with (that someone thought resembled toads). Muscadinia rotundifolia (Vitis rotundifolia). spreading leaves almost hide the bell-like Impatiens. numerous nickel-sized straightish margins. The source of much good wine and jelly, as well flowers that dangle from its arching stem. composite flower heads. Hibiscus Allegheny Monkeyflower o g as an important wildlife food, this native grape f Swamp Rose-mallow o Mimulus ringens. The lavender flowers moscheutos. Can grow very tall in sunny wet places. is usually dark purple when ripe, sweet but with Pokeweed o m have a small upper lip and larger lower lip, giving Frost Aster Symphyotrichum pilosum GRASSES Phytolacca americana. Grows to 6’ Large showy flowers with 5 white to pink petals and a tough skin. Fruit of the Scuppernong variety (the them a “monkey face” appearance; in fact, the name S. lateriflorum tall, with fleshy red stems and large red/purple center. Hummers and bees enjoy its nectar. & Calico Aster o state fruit of NC) is greenish or bronze when ripe. Mimulus is derived from the Latin “mimus” for comic Similar to the daisy fleabanes, but River Oats, Fish-on-a-line o leaves. Its glossy black berries with Other native grapes Chasmanthium latifolium. The name actor or mime! A wetland plant, to 3-4’ tall. perennial, with fewer, wider rays and smaller disks deep red juice are relished by (Vitis spp.) also occur Fish-on-a-line comes from the Dooryard Violet o g than those of fleabanes. birds and spread widely. Toxic to Viola sororia. Also called Common Blue Violet. on the Trail. resemblance of its flower head to a humans. Flower color varies from solid dark purple even to Carolina Wild Petunia o m stringer of perch. A relative of the Ruellia caroliniensis. This 1-2’ tall white, and the 2 side petals have delicate hairs at f Tall Goldenrod o Sea Oats found on sea-side dunes. perennial has lavender, funnel-shaped Passionflower, Maypopo their base (beards). Heart-shaped leaves grow in Solidago altissima. Tall Goldenrod (South Carolina’s Passiflora incarnata. A perennial vine f Spatterdock, flowers. Often found in medium to dry soils rosettes from underground stems (rhizomes). offical state wildflower) is the Goldenrod most often with large lobed leaves, best known Yellow Pond Lily o at woods or Trail’s edge. Yellow Indiangrass o Sorghastrum nutans. seen on the Trail. Goldenrods are often accused of for its large (to 3”), elaborately ornate An important species of the tall-grass Nuphar advena. A water plant with Johnny-jump-up, causing hay fever, but the guilty party is the incon- flowers and its melon-like fruit. prairies of the Midwest, this is SC’s official small, ball-like, bright yellow flowers f Downy Lobelia o spicuous wind-pollinated Ragweed, which blooms at state grass. It is found in every county in just above floating heart- Wild Pansy o g Lobelia puberula. Stems are the same time. the state. g shaped leaves, which Native Viola bicolor. In spring, this native violet covered with short soft hairs f Virginia Creeper o Americans used for dye and appears to “jump-up” overnight! Small (the species name puberula Parthenocissus quinquefolia. Often mistaken for Splitbeard Bluestem o i to stop cuts from bleeding. flowers with 5 pale blue petals grow from is from Latin “puber” Poison Ivy, though its leaves have 5 leaflets, not Andropogon ternarius. You’ve probably seen tips of upright stalks that bend at the top. meaning “hairy”, and the Poison Ivy’s 3. Also called Five-fingered Ivy, it will its silvery seedheads Bloodroot o g Leaves deeply divided; flowers an root word for puberty). grow as a ground cover as well as a climbing vine. along roadsides in early Sanguinaria canadensis. attractive, tasty garnish. fall. A closer look reveals This spring-blooming Tiny Bluet o g Cardinal Flower o Eastern Poison Ivy o i stems that range in native wildflower has a Houstonia pusilla. These small 4-petalled flowers can Lobelia cardinalis. g Toxicodendron radicans. color from green to red long tradition of use in form conspicuous purple mats in fields and Look for these vibrant red flowers (the color Sunflowers o k Young plants grow as small shrubs, beginning to blue. herbal medicine. Its common lawns in spring. Member of the Coffee of a Catholic Cardinal’s robe) by woodland Helianthus spp. Purple-disc Sunflower, Woodland Sunflower, to vine only when they encounter a standing name refers to the toxic red juice of its roots. family. streams. A favorite of Ruby Throated Hairy Sunflower, and Jersalem Artichoke are some of the object. Leaves are quite variable, but always Broomsedge Hummingbirds. sunflowers found on the Trail. Anywhere from 2-8’ tall, but all trifoliate and alternate on the stem. Sap contains Yellow Fumitory, Yellow Harlequin o k f Eastern with yellow-gold ray flowers in a circle around a compact set an oily substance called urushiol Bluestem o of disk flowers, good examples of the composite flower head Andropogon virginicus. Corydalis flavula. A plant with finely divided leaves and blooms Sensitive-briar o Downy Beardtongue o g which is a serious allergen to that may begin in late winter and continue through spring. In the structure that is typical in the Sunflower family. many people, causing an itchy Splitbeard’s attractive Mimosa microphylla. A plant with leaves that fold up Penstemon australis. A sterile stamen with deep golden same order as Poppies and containing many toxic skin rash. Remember “leaves of but less showy cousin, after being touched (thus, “sensitive”), prickly stems, hairs protrudes from each two-lipped, delicate pink flower compounds. o Bidens aristosa & B. polylepis. Ditch Daisy three, let it be!” Broomsedge is commonly seen in old fields, and pink pompom-like flowers in summer. (thus, the common name: Beardtongue!). A favorite with Ditch Daisy pollinators. is the exuberent yellow composite pictured on the cover of this the dried straw-colored plants standing erect brochure. through winter. gg f Virginia TREES & SHRUBS Wild-rye o Elymus virginicus. f American Sassafras o g Silky Dogwood o g Black Walnut o Juglans nigra. g h Sweetgum o Liquidambar styraciflua. The flowering heads Sassafras albidum. Oil of Sassafras has been used Cornus amomum (Swida amomum). Its Dyes made from Black Walnut produce Sweetgum’s star-shaped leaves are pungently Beautyberry o aromatic when crushed, with fall colors that can of this cool-season Callicarpa americana. Its small to flavor tobacco, root beer, and other beverages, flowers don’t have the showy white bracts the dark brown in traditional Cherokee range from yellow to red to deep purple all on perennial resemble pinkish flowers are nice, but soaps and perfumes. Interestingly, its leaves may of Flowering Dogwood, but the leaves are baskets, and its highly valued wood is one tree. A favored host plant of the Luna moth. the grain from which we get rye bread it’s the deep violet fruit that have 3 lobes, no lobes, or may be shaped like a mitten. very similar. used in furniture and gun stocks. The leaves (Secale cereal). Prefers moist shaded sites. catches your eye — and is consumed by are strongly aromatic and are often missing the
over 40 species of songbirds. Downy Serviceberry, terminal leaflet. The closely related Butternut or White Walnut Tulip-tree, Yellow Poplar omg i River Cane o (J. cinerea) is also found on the Trail. Liriodendron tulipifera. Called “poplar” Sarvisberry, Shadbush o because its wood resembles that of Poplar, Arundinaria gigantea. Amelanchier arborea. One of the first native f Hearts-a-bustin’ o and “tulip” because of its showy tulip-shaped Technically a grass, Euonymus americanus. A straggly shrub with trees to flower in the spring, blooming about f Sycamore o flowers (to see them, look up). Its trunk is North America’s green stems, inconspicuous flowers, and (in the time that the ground thawed enough to Platanus occidentalis. uncommonly straight; its leaves large, distinc- native bamboo was fall) show-stopping warty red capsules that bury the dead after a long cold winter — thus One of the largest trees tively shaped, and yellow in fall. used extensively by burst open to reveal orange-red seeds. (some say) its name refers to funeral services. in the East, it can be Native Americans recognized even at a
to make household Common Silverbell o h distance by its peeling Mockernut Hickory o g f Eastern Blackberry o Black Cherry o m Carya tomentosa. Mockernut Hickory’s leaves items. It once Rubus pensilvanicus (R. argutus). Blackberries Prunus serotina. Black Cherry is Halesia tetraptera. Clusters of spectacular white multi-colored bark. usually have 7 leaflets, are pleasantly aromatic, formed huge thick- and dewberries are similar: both have armed a favored host plant bells dangle from the branches of this understory h Sourwood tree in spring. The bark of young trees is distinc- and turn a brilliant golden-yellow in the fall. Its ets (“canebrakes”) stems and good-tasting fruit that ripens from of the impressive o Oxydendrum o h tively striped. Red Maple nuts are large and thick-shelled with a kernel in floodplains. red to black. Blackberries tend to be erect Tiger Swallowtail arboreum. Look for Red f American Holly o Acer rubrum. that is difficult to extricate (a “mocker” nut). Blooms only every 5 or high-arching; dewberries lie somewhat caterpillar and a tree “decked out Maple blooms as early Ilex opaca. This is one of the The wood is strong and springy, unequaled for to 15 years. prostrate. This is the most common native is reported to Pine o g in pearls” in early as January, the tiny Pines are cone- most familiar trees in eastern implements such as axe handles. Several Hickory blackberry in our area and on the Trail. Its support over summer, and you red flowers giving a bearing (thus North America, its spiny species occur on the Trail. Silver Plumegrass o g flowers are white. 400 species of may hear bees. Here hint of color to the “conifers”) evergreen leaves and bright Erianthus alopecuroides (Saccharum alopecuroides). butterflies and moths. is the source of the gray treeline and and red berries often used as f o This Sugarcane relative is often seen at the edge of renowned sourwood providing an early American Beech Virginia Sweetspire, o evergreen, with Christmas decorations. Fagus grandifolia. Beech is easy to wooded roadsides, its 5-8’ stems with footlong silvery f Judas Tree, honey. The leaves’ source of pollen and resinous wood and spot in winter, because it often plumes that are hard to miss in the fall. li Virginia-willow Itea virginica. refreshingly sour taste nectar for the bees. Look for this fragrant, late-spring flowering Eastern Redbud o stiff, needle-like leaves give the tree its com- holds on to its leaves until Cercis canadensis. Those splashes of magenta- Southern Its red and yellow shrub in moist forests and thickets, especially arranged in bundles. mon name. they are bleached almost pink along woodland margins in early spring o g leaves are some of the along the banks of small streams, where it Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda), Magnolia silver. Its bark is smooth and may be Redbud flowers, which put on quite Magnolia grandiflora. A showiest in our fall Enjoy our native wildflowers provides invaluable erosion control. Bees love and Virginia Pine (P. virginiana) are the gray, and the oily beechnuts a show before the tree’s heart-shaped leaves emerge. The flowers are tree that has come to woodlands. it! Turns a brilliant crimson to purplish red in predominant pines on the Trail. are an important wildlife edible with a slightly sweet, “raw green-bean” taste. personify the South, with on the Trail, but please leave them autumn. food. Eastern Red Cedar o g large fragrant flowers and for others to enjoy! Flowering Dogwood o m Juniperus virginiana. Cedar is also a conifer, evergreen leaves. Now Oaks ooooo g Cornus florida (Benthamidia florida). but its cones look a lot like blue berries and widely planted, natural- Black Oak (Quercus velutina), Southern Red This brochure produced by What looks like a single flower is its evergreen scale- and needle-like leaves izing beyond its natural range. Oak (Q. falcata), Post Oak (Q. stellata), White the South Carolina Native Plant Society, actually a cluster of very tiny yellow are not in bundles. Cedar’s fragrant, durable Oak (Q. alba), and Water Oak (Q. nigra) blossoms surrounded by large white Devil’s Walkingstick, o mg working to protect & restore wood is used for cedar chests, fence posts (pictured top to bottom) are some of the petal-like bracts (modified leaves). and pencils, Aralia spinosa. native plant communities in South Carolina. Hercules-club Oak species represented on the Trail. It often blooms at the same time as among other A tall shrub or small tree with stout The Oaks are the predominant trees of For more information, visit www.scnps.org Redbud, and together they make a things. prickles (not a good choice for a our area and can be divided into two major striking display. walkingstick) and complexly compound groups: The red oak group bears acorns that Photographs Keith Bradley, Ben G. Keys, Ron Lance, Janie Marlow, f Buttonbush o leaves up to 4’ long. Small white flow- mature in two years and leaves with bristles at Steve Marlow, Patrick McMillan, Leslie J. Mehrhoff (UC, Bugwood.org), f Sumac o Cephalanthus occidentalis. “Fragrant balls of ers are borne in large terminal clusters, the tips of the lobes; the white oak group bears James H. Miller (USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database), Joe Pollard, Sam Pratt, Barry Rice Winged Sumac (Rhus copallinum) and Smooth Sumac (R. flowers resembling pin cushions” is how one in summer, and in fall they turn into a acorns that mature in a single year and leaves (sarracenia.com, Bugwood.org), Bill Sharpton, Marian St. Clair, Richard & Teresa Ware, glabra) are both found along the Trail. In the fall, leaves Dan Whitten. Text Jan Haldeman, Janie Marlow, Bill Stringer. Trail map Steve Marlow source described Buttonbush’s blooms, which colorful haze of purplish-black berries without bristles.
Middle se
_____ or ® ® What is an exotic plant? What is a naturalized plant? What is an invasive plant? H e Heritage it Hwy Elementary h VINES A plant that has been introduced An introduced plant that has escaped An introduced plant that not only has naturalized, W (either purposefully or accidentally) cultivation and is reproducing without help but also is expanding its range into natural areas and Ingles Kudzu o m English Ivy o
into an area outside its native from humankind is said to have “naturalized”. disrupting naturally occurring native plant communities, d Pueraria montana. (east Asia) Kudzu, “the vine that ate the Hedera helix. (Europe) R Rock Quarry e range is referred to as “exotic” or No longer confined to a garden, is considered to be “invasive”. rs South”, is the poster child of invasive plants, but experts say it is This ground cover o Rd H actually one of the lesser threats — reasons include often seen in old e “introduced” in that area. naturalized plants are growing wild. t i h 276 Rd s its intolerance of shade and the fact that it drops its established neighbor- W m d ia l l foliage after the first frost. The flowers smell hoods has escaped to l Prisma Health 23 i O North W like grape kool-aid. (INVASIVE) smother neighboring Greenville woodlands. Once it N Main starts to climb, the FERNS FORBS/HERBS 1 u shape of its leaves Travelers Rest 24 Center St 25 h Japanese Climbing Fern o Woolly Mullein o g f Henbit o Lamium amplexicaule. High School changes and it enters d Sta (Asia) This unfern-like fern (Europe) Mullein’s soft (Eurasia, northern Africa) The name “henbit” comes from R te Par a flowering/fruiting Lygodium japonicum. Verbascum thapsus. y k Rd ne acts more like a vine, with fronds that can reach fuzzy leaves and 3-6’ tall flower stalks the notion (maybe fact) that free-range chickens like to eat lha phase. (INVASIVE) cE 100’ in length and climb high into trees. (INVASIVE) make it easy to recognize. Its seeds the whole plant and its seeds. Rich in carotene, it gives a M Travelers Rest o g can remain viable for over a century. nice dark yellow color to the yolks of a hen’s eggs. Sweet Autumn Clematis o m Mariana Maiden Fern (east Asia) Macrothelypteris torresiana. (Asian & African trop- Clematis terniflora. White Dutch Clover o f Purple Deadnettle o Lamium purpureum. Introduced in 1864 as a fragrant ics) With highly dissected (“lacy” or bipinnate-pin- u2 25 Trifolium (Eurasia) Deadnettle is closely related and often grows Trailblazer ornamental. Almost 100 years went natifid), broadly triangular fronds up to 4’ long, this repens. (Eurasia) with Henbit (as shown at left). The young fresh leaves of Park Cinnamon Vine, by before botanists began finding it is larger than any of the ferns native to this area. Clovers are legumes, one of the few groups both can be used as pot herbs or in salads. Chinese Yam o i in the wild, but now it can be found Japanese Red Shield of plants with the ability to pull nitrogen Dioscorea polystachya. (China) Sold as a fast- throughout the East. It resembles the out of the air and make it available to Fig Buttercup, growing ornamental in the early 1900s, it native Virgin’s Bower (Clematis virgin- Fern, Autumn Fern other plants through the soil. Before the wasn’t until the 1980s that it was noticed in iana), but the leaves of C. terniflora Dryopteris erythrosora. (Japan, introduction of broad-leaf herbicides, White o g Lesser Celandine 26 the wild, where vines can quickly overgow are leathery and untoothed. (INVASIVE) China & Korea) Resembling (Europe) This Ro Rd Dutch Clover was commonly included in Ficaria verna (Ranunculus ficaria). e Ford shrubs and small trees. It reproduces native woodferns, but with garden escape is an aggressive invasive that lawn seed mixes. The Woodlands both by seed and by small potato-like abundant “blistered” scales and threatens bottomlands throughout eastern North at Furman 276 aerial tubers. (INVASIVE) Japanese fruitdots that may turn brick-red. l Rabbitfoot Clover o America. In SC, it is illegal to buy, sell, trade, 25 Honeysuckle o m g Furman ------YARDSTICK ------Trifolium arvense. (Mediterranean region) The flower or possess. In 2013, a birder noticed this plant Golf Lonicera japonica. (east Asia) A vine heads of this Clover are grayish and in the Reedy River floodplain at Lake Conestee Course so common throughout the South GRASSES D 27 furry, like a rabbit’s foot.... Nature Preserve, its first documented naturalized u that many people assume that it is n c Furman occurrence in the state. Watch a video at a n University native (despite its name!), Japanese Sweet Vernal Grass o White Horse Rdd
Red Clover o g (INVASIVE) R http://scnps.org/citizen-science-invasive-fig-buttercup/ C h Honeysuckle overgrows small trees e a Anthoxanthum odoratum. (Europe) A Trifolium pratense. (Europe) u p g e ta l and smothers herbaceous sweet-smelling perennial grass and one of n d Rd
Even though the name says o R Poinsett Queen Anne’s Lace, Wild Carrot o M e plants. Flowers very fragant. the first to flower in spring, its pollen is a g “red”, its flowers are pink. (Europe) An ancestor of the cultivated rid Daucus carota. 28 B (INVASIVE)
rabbit major cause of spring hay fever. A com-
carrot, this conspicuous introduced wildflower is s Hwy N O I T I D E D N 2 n d mon component of English pastures and ki t R established in 48 states, more common now than the a Japanese Knotweed o m W e brought here for the same purpose. very similar American Wild Carrot. b Reynoutria japonica. (east Asia) m
o
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Mortgage lenders in the United n W u
o B Japanese Stiltgrass atkins Rd
on the on Kingdom won’t grant a loan on d Microstegium vimineum. (tropical south- l properties infested with Japanese O east Asia) This annual grass arrived in H u Wild plants Wild Knotweed, because its extensive n 29 253 t North America as packing material. Virtu- s f Japanese Hops o rhizomes can cause structural damage B N 25 r 276 i gs Rd 291 Humulus japonicus. ally unknown in the 50s; today extensive d ulphur Sprin and it is very difficult to eradicate. o g S Pleasantburg dense patches can be found in almost Dandelion e (Japan, Taiwan, China) (INVASIVE) Taraxacum officinale. R Dr every county from Mississippi to Connecti- d Dr Related to the Hops used to make (Eurasia) Whenever Ridge Cherrydale ue beer, but with different chemistry. cut. (INVASIVE) Bl you see “officinale” in a plant’s name, know that Poinsett f Chamber Bitter o Old W Leaves usually have 5 lobes and (tropical southeast Asia) it was kept handy in the storeroom of medicines and Phyllanthus urinaria. 183 30 Buncombe the stems have downward-pointing Used in Asia to treat kidney stones and gall- other necessaries. Considered a weed by gardeners prickles. (INVASIVE) Johnsongrass o g C Hwy stones, better known here as a profusely seed- today, but so highly valued that European colonists eda
r Rd Sorghum halepense. (Eurasia) Some- L ing, tenacious-rooted, warm-season annual deliberately included seeds in their luggage. an times mistaken for young corn, this W e h Cat’s Ear o h R Sponsors make projects like this possible! i weed. Be warned: Don’t let it go to seed! t d coarse, tall, fast-growing grass (to 8’) Hypochaeris radi- e Invasives and other naturalized exotic plants degrade f Ox-eye Daisy o 31 was originally imported for forage. cata. (Eurasia) At a H 253 an ecosystem’s ability to support wildlife. In contrast, Leucanthemum vulgare. o 1 European Field Pansy o i r Unfortunately for grazing animals, glance you would s u (Eurasia) Its flat flower e Viola arvensis. Pete Hollis studies show that even a modest increase in native injured or frost-damaged plants can think this was a r 3 D u (Europe) Similar heads with white rays R d e Blvd contain deadly levels of cyanide. A Dandelion, but its g plant cover on suburban properties significantly and yellow centers make id to the native R very difficult weed in many row-crops hairy leaves and e Johnny-jump-up this common plant easy lu W Stone Av increases the number and species of breeding birds! and on many states’ noxious weed list. branched flowering B Rd to recognize. 25 32 E Stone Av (see other side), but mlett W W (INVASIVE) stalks reveal its true Bra R e ashington 291 its flowers are cream e Greenville identity. dy and yellow marked St R St 385 Golden Bamboo o g iv with purple. Bachelor’s Buttons o e St Phyllostachys aurea. (China, Japan) Techni- r r Cyanus segetum (Centaurea cyanus). Spotted 385 St cally a grass, Golden Bamboo grows in Hudson D (Mediterranean Europe) i 33 Academy gton fBeefsteak-plant, Perilla o Knapweed o E Washin dense evergreen thickets up to 30’ high, its Main St Church St Perilla frutescens. (India) Superficially resem- The flowers of Centaurea stoebe. Way Laurens Downtown hollow stems often used for cane fishing Cleveland nd Airport this common 123 la bles Basil or Coleus, and can be confused (Europe) Flowers Park d R d o R poles. Of the o d Pleasantburg introduction 35 d with other Mint family members. Perilla has similiar to those of S Main St W o j 34 o various bamboos Chinese Wisteria County o are typically a w 2 4 y toxic characteristics, and it is fed on by very Bachelor’s Buttons, but pinkish. Its (China) Introduced in 1916 as Square S u u imported into Wisteria sinensis. a d H startling W lan few herbivores. Reported to be invasive in taproot allows it to tolerate drought, an ornamental and still popular in the nursery ood y the country, 29 Ave Wa mid-Atlantic states. electric blue. and its allelochemicals poison trade, despite being reported as invasive from this is the Cleveland 36 Rd Augusta 291 uff would-be competitors. Designated Massachusetts to Texas. The twining vines climb TO odr one most often encountered. (INVASIVE) Wo a noxious weed in most western trees, shrubs and manmade structures. (INVASIVE) 185 Rd
states. (INVASIVE) McDaniel Greenville Parkins Mill Rd Chocolate-vine, Akebia o m St E Faris St Technical TREES & SHRUBS College Laurens Akebia quinata. (Japan, China, Korea) d lv A sideways glance at a clambering vine 37 B rdae fAmur Bush-honeysuckle o Bradford Pear, Callery Pear o engulfing small trees and Ve o g d
Chinese Privet Augusta R (east Asia) Imported as an r l Rd
Lonicera maackii. Pyrus calleryana. (China) Hailed as a promis- Mil shrubs and you might D Ligustrum sinense. (China) P ns 3 ornamental into New York in 1898, and escaped ing new ornamental in the 1950s, but as a ki r r u assume “Kudzu”, k a i
Considered to be one of the g n P
into eastern woodlands, forests and neglected urban early as the 80s concerns were voiced about r s E St but a closer look u most noxious of all our weeds, b M t areas. (INVASIVE) overplanting and limb breakage. Today, it con- i reveals leaves that are n ll this semi-evergreen shrub forms a tinues to be planted, even as it aggressively s Rd dense stands that choke out 5-parted, neither lobed lea colonizes neighboring fields.(INVASIVE) P 85 European Blackberry, native vegetation and have nor toothed, and stay S A
u almost engulfed bottomlands on throughout the year. g Himalaya-Berry o g u
s
t Rubus bifrons. (Europe) throughout the South. f Chinaberry o It forms dense mats in natural a Differentiated from the native by (INVASIVE) forests and is difficult to eradicate. R Melia azedarach. (southeast Asia) d its pink flowers and long, coarse, (INVASIVE) Ma u Easy to spot in winter by the large ld sprawling, heavily-armed stems. in clusters of orangish berrylike fruit, o g fWinged Burning Bush o which is poisonous to humans and 291 Rd Multiflora Rose Euonymus alatus. (east Asia) Called “burn- livestock, and in summer by its Rosa multiflora. (Asia) The long CAUTION ing bush” because of its brilliant fall color and twice-pinnately compound leaves. f Wintercreeper o arching canes of this aggressive Euonymus fortunei. (China) In “winged” because of the corky wings which often A member of the Mahogany family. (INVASIVE) shrub can clamber into trees or form line its squarish twigs. This widely planted landscape its sterile, juvenile, “creeping” impenetrable thorny thickets. Its phase, this woody vine has Baseball plant is causing serious problems Albizia julibrissin. (tropical Stadium flowers are white; those of the more f Mimosa o dark green leaves with silvery From earliest times, northward and is now showing up here in our Asia) Introduced to Charleston in the well-behaved native Swamp Rose, veins; leaves of the mature, Lake Conestee plants have been used 0920 suburban woodlands. (INVASIVE) 1700s, this tree is now found in vrtually N which is also found on the Trail, are flowering/fruiting phase are Nature Park for food, shelter, tools every county from eastern Texas to pink (see www.scnps.org/swamprabbit). (INVASIVE) larger and a lighter green. It and medicine. This brochure was produced by the Paper Mulberry o g Delaware. The doubly-compound leaves 40 is tolerant of heavy shade and u4 In an attempt to Broussonetia papyrifera. (east Asia) Paper look almost fernlike, and its pink flowers South Carolina Native Plant Society, Heavenly Bamboo, Nandina o g can climb up to 70’, smother- “personalize” the various Mulberry’s leaf shape is quite variable and resemble pompoms. (INVASIVE) 41 Nandina domestica. (China) This popular evergreen ing both herbaceous plants plants, a few of those uses working to protect and restore can look as if cut out by a bizarre jigsaw. Leaf Copyright © 2020 MCS shrub can apparently grow anywhere, and it is and trees. (INVASIVE) undersides are velvety-hairy. (INVASIVE) [email protected] are mentioned here — but native plant communities increasingly escaping and naturalizing in suburban f Tree-of-heaven o Ailanthus altissima. (east Asia) A fast-growing by all means seek more woodlands. (INVASIVE) in South Carolina. tree that can reach 80’ in height, it is an ag- Porcelain-berry o m information before you f White Mulberry o gressive and noxious weed, colonizing even Ampelopsis brevipedunculata start nibbling anything! f Leatherleaf Mahonia o (A. glandulosa). (northeast Asia) For more information, Morus alba. (east Asia) Introduced undisturbed forests and outcompeting native --- LEGEND --- You need to be certain Mahonia bealei. (China) This widely planted evergreen If you look only at its leaves, you visit www.scnps.org in the 1700s in a failed attempt vegetation. Its leaves are pinnately compound 28 Mile marker shrub is naturalizing throughout the might think this was one of our of a plant’s identity (there to establish a silk industry. White and up to 4’ long. It can be distinguished from Southeast, often in suburban woodlands. native grape vines, but its erect 2 Sponsor are some dangerous look- Mulberry’s variable leaf shape can native shrubs and trees with similar leaves u Look for yellow flowers in winter flower clusters, multi-colored fruit, alikes), and you also need be confused with Paper Mulberry (such as Sumacs, Black Walnut, or Pecan), Trail or early spring, and leaflets that and warty-looking bark set it apart. to research the details or the native Red Mulberry, but by the unpleasant burnt-peanut-butter odor Proposed trail resemble Holly leaves. (INVASIVE) This has naturalized extensively on (for example, ripe fruit its leaves are mostly hairless. of its crushed foliage/cut twigs and by leaflet the Trail but apparently has only may be tasty but flowers or Its berries are edible, but not as margins with one or two teeth. (INVASIVE) flavorful as the native. (INVASIVE) recently been noticed. (INVASIVE) unripe fruit poisonous).