Fern Gazette
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California's Native Ferns
CALIFORNIA’S NATIVE FERNS A survey of our most common ferns and fern relatives Native ferns come in many sizes and live in many habitats • Besides living in shady woodlands and forests, ferns occur in ponds, by streams, in vernal pools, in rock outcrops, and even in desert mountains • Ferns are identified by producing fiddleheads, the new coiled up fronds, in spring, and • Spring from underground stems called rhizomes, and • Produce spores on the backside of fronds in spore sacs, arranged in clusters called sori (singular sorus) Although ferns belong to families just like other plants, the families are often difficult to identify • Families include the brake-fern family (Pteridaceae), the polypody family (Polypodiaceae), the wood fern family (Dryopteridaceae), the blechnum fern family (Blechnaceae), and several others • We’ll study ferns according to their habitat, starting with species that live in shaded places, then moving on to rock ferns, and finally water ferns Ferns from moist shade such as redwood forests are sometimes evergreen, but also often winter dormant. Here you see the evergreen sword fern Polystichum munitum Note that sword fern has once-divided fronds. Other features include swordlike pinnae and round sori Sword fern forms a handsome coarse ground cover under redwoods and other coastal conifers A sword fern relative, Dudley’s shield fern (Polystichum dudleyi) differs by having twice-divided pinnae. Details of the sori are similar to sword fern Deer fern, Blechnum spicant, is a smaller fern than sword fern, living in constantly moist habitats Deer fern is identified by having separate and different looking sterile fronds and fertile fronds as seen in the previous image. -
TAXON:Woodwardia Radicans (L.) Sm. SCORE:9.0 RATING:High Risk
TAXON: Woodwardia radicans (L.) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Sm. Taxon: Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. Family: Blechnaceae Common Name(s): chain fern Synonym(s): Blechnum radicans L. European chain fern rooting chainfern Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 3 Nov 2016 WRA Score: 9.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized, Ornamental, Shade-Tolerant, Rooting Bulbils, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 3 Nov 2016 (Woodwardia radicans (L.) Page 1 of 16 Sm.) TAXON: Woodwardia radicans (L.) SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Sm. -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Spring 5-2016 Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi Hanna M. Miller University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Biodiversity Commons, and the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Hanna M., "Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi" (2016). Honors Theses. 389. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/389 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi by Hanna Miller A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences May 2016 ii Approved by _________________________________ Mac H. Alford, Ph.D., Thesis Adviser Professor of Biological Sciences _________________________________ Shiao Y. Wang, Ph.D., Chair Department of Biological Sciences _________________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii Abstract The North American Coastal Plain contains some of the highest plant diversity in the temperate world. However, most of the region has remained unstudied, resulting in a lack of knowledge about the unique plant communities present there. -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
A Contribution Towards a Vascular Flora of the Great Dismal Swamp
- i -. A Contribution towards a Vascular Flora of the Great Dismal Swamp LYTTON J. MUSSELMAN, DANIEL L. NICKRENT, AND GERALD F. LEVY r Reprinted from RHODORA, Vol. 79, No. 818, April 1977 pages 240-268 - A CONTRIBUTION TOW ARDS A VASCULAR FLORA OF THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP LYTTON J. MUSSELMAN, DANIELL. NICKRENT,1 AND GERALD F. LEVY This flora is an enumeration of the vascular plants growing without cultivation in the Great Dismal Swamp. It is hoped that this work will be of value to the rapidly increasing number of persons visiting the swamp, particularly since the establishment of the Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in 1973. Great pains have been taken to ensure completeness of the inventory presented here. Yet, the Dismal Swamp is difficult to botanize, and additional species will undoubtedly be added to the present list. Previous botanical work in the swamp is listed in Kirk et al. (in press). LOCATION AND EXTENT OF AREA The Great Dismal Swamp, which occupies about 104,000 ha. of North Carolina and Virginia (Figure 1), is one of the largest remaining swamp forests on the Coastal Plain. Although the swamp is considered to be centered around Lake Drummond in the Virginia cities of Suffolk and Chesapeake, it extends into the North Carolina counties of Currituck, Camden, Perquimans, Gates, and Pasquotank. Except for the western edge, which is delimited by the Suffolk Escarpment (Henry, 1970), the boundaries of the swamp are not sharply defined. TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE The Dismal Swamp is situated on a low, poorly drained flat marine terrace which ranges from 4.5 to 7 m. -
Wfs57 Southern Wet Ash Swamp Factsheet
WET FOREST SYSTEM WFs57 Southern Floristic Region Southern Wet Ash Swamp Wet hardwood forests on mucky or peaty soils in areas of groundwater seepage, most often on level stream or river terraces at bases of steep slopes. Community is uncommon and often present as small inclusions within larger forest areas. Vegetation Structure & Composition Description is based on summary of vegetation data from 32 plots (relevés) • Ground layer is characterized by raised peaty hummocks, with open pools and rivulets in seepage areas. Wetland species such as common marsh marigold (Caltha palustris), touch-me-nots (Impatiens spp.), and fowl manna grass (Glyceria striata) are common in wet areas, with Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus spp.), jack-in-the-pulpit (Ari- saema triphyllum), wood nettle (Laportea canadensis), wild geranium (Geranium mac- ulatum), common enchanter’s nightshade (Circaea lutetiana), tall coneflower (Rud- beckia laciniata), and other mesic or wet- mesic forest species present on hummocks. Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus), false mermaid (Floerkea proserpinacoides), brome-like sedge (Carex bromoides), and smooth-sheathed sedge (C. laevivaginata) are sometimes abundant in seepage zones and in Minnesota are essentially restricted to this community. • Shrub layer is sparse (5-25% cover). Black ash seedlings or saplings are almost always present, often with wild black currant (Ribes americanum), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), and nannyberry (Viburnum lentago). • Subcanopy, when present, is patchy to interrupted (25-75% cover) and generally not well differentiated from canopy. • Canopy is patchy to interrupted, with trees often absent from localized areas of groundwater discharge and in some instances limited to margins of the community around open peaty upwelling zones. -
TO KNOW in Re On
TO KNOW in re on FEDERAL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE OREGON STATE COLLEGE,CORVALLIS Cooperative Extension work in Agriculture and Home Economics, F. E. Price, director. Oregon State College and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating. Printed and distributed in furtherance of Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. Extension Bulletin 785 September 1959 FERN TERMS Evergreen. Said of plants whose leaves re- Pinna. A primary division of a fern leaf. main green at least until new ones are formed, (The plural of pinna is pinnae.) and of leaves that remain green more than a year. Pinnule. A secondary division of a fern leaf. Fertile leaf. A leaf that bears fruit dots or spore cases. Rhizoid. Simple hair-like structures of a Frond. The leaf of a fern. prothallium, functioning as roots. Fruit band. A line of spore cases, instead Rhizone. A somewhat horizontal and us- of fruit dots, appearing on the margin or un- ually elongated creeping subterranean stem. der surface of fertile leaves of some ferns. Rootstock. Rhizome. Stem. Fruit dots. Small groups of spore cases appearing on the underside of fertile leaves. Sorus. A cluster of sporangia. (Plural of Habitat. The typicalsituation under sorus is son.) which a plant grows. Sporangia. (Spore cases.) The vessels Indusium. The shield-like cover of a where spores are formed. sorus. Spore. The small nonsexual fruit of the Leaflet. One of the divisions of a com- fern. A cell that functions as a seed. pound leaf. Midvein. The central and most prominent Stipe. Leafstalk. vein of a pinna or pinnule. -
American Fern Journal
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Broad-Scale Integrity and Local Divergence in the Fiddlehead Fern Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro (Onocleaceae) DANIEL M. KOENEMANN Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711-3157, e-mail: [email protected] JACQUELINE A. MAISONPIERRE University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, e-mail: [email protected] DAVID S. BARRINGTON University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, e-mail: [email protected] American Fern Journal 101(4):213–230 (2011) Broad-Scale Integrity and Local Divergence in the Fiddlehead Fern Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro (Onocleaceae) DANIEL M. KOENEMANN Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711-3157, e-mail: [email protected] JACQUELINE A. MAISONPIERRE University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, e-mail: [email protected] DAVID S. BARRINGTON University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT.—Matteuccia struthiopteris (Onocleaceae) has a present-day distribution across much of the north-temperate and boreal regions of the world. Much of its current North American and European distribution was covered in ice or uninhabitable tundra during the Pleistocene. Here we use DNA sequences and AFLP data to investigate the genetic variation of the fiddlehead fern at two geographic scales to infer the historical biogeography of the species. Matteuccia struthiopteris segregates globally into minimally divergent (0.3%) Eurasian and American lineages. -
Palaeogeograph Y, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 17(1975): 157--172 © Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -- Printed in the Netherlands
Palaeogeograph y, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 17(1975): 157--172 © Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -- Printed in The Netherlands CLIMATIC CHANGES IN EASTERN ASIA AS INDICATED BY FOSSIL FLORAS. II. LATE CRETACEOUS AND DANIAN V. A. KRASSILOV Institute of Biology and Pedology, Far-Eastern Scientific Centre, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok (U.S.S.R.) (Received June 17, 1974; accepted for publication November 11, 1974) ABSTRACT Krassilov, V. A., 1975. Climatic changes in Eastern Asia as indicated by fossil floras. II. Late Cretaceous and Danian. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 17:157--172. Four Late Cretaceous phytoclimatic zones -- subtropical, warm--temperate, temperate and boreal -- are recognized in the Northern Hemisphere. Warm--temperate vegetation terminates at North Sakhalin and Vancouver Island. Floras of various phytoclimatic zones display parallel evolution in response to climatic changes, i.e., a temperature rise up to the Campanian interrupted by minor Coniacian cooling, and subsequent deterioration of cli- mate culminating in the Late Danian. Cooling episodes were accompanied by expansions of dicotyledons with platanoid leaves, whereas the entire-margined leaf proportion increased during climatic optima. The floristic succession was also influenced by tectonic events, such as orogenic and volcanic activity which commenced in Late Cenomanian--Turonian times. Major replacements of ecological dominants occurred at the Maastrichtian/Danian and Early/Late Danian boundaries. INTRODUCTION The principal approaches to the climatic interpretation of fossil floras have been outlined in my preceding paper (Krassilov, 1973a). So far as Late Creta- ceous floras are concerned, extrapolation (i.e. inferences from tolerance ranges of allied modern taxa) is gaining in importance and the entire/non-entire leaf type ratio is no less expressive than it is in Tertiary floras. -
The Fern Family Blechnaceae: Old and New
ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER THE FERN FAMILY BLECHNACEAE: OLD AND NEW GENERA RE-EVALUATED, USING MOLECULAR DATA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Vegetal. Área de Concentração Taxonomia vegetal BELO HORIZONTE – MG 2016 ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER THE FERN FAMILY BLECHNACEAE: OLD AND NEW GENERA RE-EVALUATED, USING MOLECULAR DATA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Vegetal. Área de Concentração Taxonomia Vegetal Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alexandre Salino Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora BELO HORIZONTE – MG 2016 Gasper, André Luís. 043 Thefern family blechnaceae : old and new genera re- evaluated, using molecular data [manuscrito] / André Luís Gasper. – 2016. 160 f. : il. ; 29,5 cm. Orientador: Alexandre Salino. Co-orientador: Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Botânica. 1. Filogenia - Teses. 2. Samambaia – Teses. 3. RbcL. 4. Rps4. 5. Trnl. 5. TrnF. 6. Biologia vegetal - Teses. I. Salino, Alexandre. II. Dittrich, Vinícius Antônio de Oliveira. III. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Botânica. IV. Título. À Sabrina, meus pais e a vida, que não se contém! À Lucia Sevegnani, que não pode ver esta obra concluída, mas que sempre foi motivo de inspiração. -
Hybrids in the Fern Genus Osmunda (Osmundaceae)
Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 35(2), pp. 63–69, June 22, 2009 Hybrids in the Fern Genus Osmunda (Osmundaceae) Masahiro Kato Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, 305–0005 Japan E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract Four described putative hybrids in genus Osmunda, O. intermedia from Japan, O. rug- gii from eastern U.S.A., O. nipponica from central Japan, and O. mildei from southern China, are enumerated with notes on their hybridity. It is suggested that Osmunda intermedia is an intrasub- generic hybrid (O. japonica of subgenus Osmunda ϫ O. lancea of subgenus Osmunda), O. ruggii is an intersubgeneric hybrid (O. regalis of subgenus Osmunda ϫ O. claytoniana of subgenus Clay- tosmunda), O. nipponica is an intersubgeneric hybrid (O. japonica ϫ O. claytoniana of subgenus Claytosmunda), and O. midlei is an intersubgeneric hybrid (O. japonica ϫ O. angustifolia or O. vachellii of subgenus Plenasium). Among the four, O. intermedia is the most widely distributed and can reproduce in culture, suggesting that it can reproduce to some extent in nature. Key words : Hybrid, Osmunda intermedia, Osmunda mildei, Osmunda nipponica, Osmunda rug- gii. three subgenera Claytosmunda, Osmunda, and Introduction Plenasium, genus Leptopteris, genus Todea, and The genus Osmunda has been classified in ei- genus Osmundastrum (see also Metzgar et al., ther the broad or narrow sense. In the previously 2008). most accepted and the most lumping classifica- Four putative hybrids are known in the genus tion, it was divided into three subgenera, Osmun- Osmunda s.l. in eastern U.S.A.