DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,770,697 Zurecki 45) Date of Patent: Sep

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,770,697 Zurecki 45) Date of Patent: Sep United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,770,697 Zurecki 45) Date of Patent: Sep. 13, 1988 54 BLANKETING ATMOSPHERE FOR 722978 10/1978 U.S.S.R. MOLTEN ALUMNUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS 697252 11/1979 U.S.S.R. ............................. 164/66.1 OR PURE LITHIUM OTHER PUBLICATIONS 75) Inventor: Zbigniew Zurecki, Allentown, Pa. Aluminum-Lithium Alloys II, Second International 73) Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Al-Li Conference, 1983, pp. 657-673. Allentown, Pa. "Phase Composition of Surface Films on Al Alloys (21) Appl. No.: 925,652 with Li..', Tarasenko et al., UDC 669.71'884:539.216.2, American Society for Metals. 22 Filed: Oct. 30, 1986 "Casting Problems Specific to Al-Li Alloys', Divecha 51 Int. Cl." ....................... C22B 21/00; B22D 11/00 et al., Metallurgical Society/AIMF. 52 U.S. Cl. .................................... 75/68 R; 420/528; Primary Examiner-Nicholas P. Godici 164/66.1; 164/68.1; 164/475 Assistant Examiner-Richard K. Seidel 58) Field of Search .................... 164/66.1, 67.1, 68.1, Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Willard Jones, II; James C. 164/259, 415, 475; 75/68 R; 420/528 Simmons; William F. Marsh 56) References Cited (57) ABSTRACT U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Blanketing of molten aluminum-lithium alloys is per 3,467,167 9/1969 Mahin .......... 164/56 formed under a nontoxic and noncorrosive dichlorodi 3,484,232 12/1969 Karinthi et al 75/45 fluoromethane containing gas atmosphere, which pro 3,640,702 2/1972 Karinthi et al. 75/59 4,200,138 4/1980 Hildebrandt .......................... 164/66 duces a thin self-passivating fluxing film on the melt 4,248,630 2/1981 Balmath ................................ 75/135 surface. The blanketing atmosphere protects the melt 4,389,240 6/1983 Erich et al. .. 75/0.5 B from oxidation, burning, and lithium evaporation, im 4,402,741 9/1983 Pollet et al. ........................ 75/68 R proves alloy cleanliness and can be used in any furnace, 4,522,784 6/1985 Enright et al. ... ... 420/590 transfer or casting operation. The blanketing atmo 4,532,106 7/1985 Pickens ............................... 420/528 sphere can be applied in the entire range of commercial 4,534,807 8/1985 Field et al. ......................... 48/20.3 or master aluminum-lithium alloys including pure lith 4,556,535 12/1985 Bowman et al. .................... 420/580 ium melts. The dichlorodifluoromethane concentration 4,582,118 4/1986 Jacoby et al. ....................... 164/475 in the blanketing atmosphere can range from 0.05 to 100 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS vol % with the remainder being an inert gas such as 59-19507 2/1984 Japan . argon. 2129345 5/1984 United Kingdom................ 164/475 1124540 6/1986 United Kingdom ............... 75/68 R 20 Claims, No Drawings 4,770,697 1. 2 lithium charge, inert blanketing, lithium evaporation BLANKETING ATMOSPHERE FOR MOLTEN and melt hydrogen pick-up. Both systems suffer from ALUMNUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS OR PURE the lack of proper melt surface protection for inert gas LITHIUM bubbling and handling operations. Batch processes utilizing molten salt fluxes are an FIELD OF THE INVENTION alternative to the continuous systems, discussed above, This invention relates to the production of aluminum which are expensive and inflexible in operation, particu lithium alloys, and more particularly to the protective larly when operating ranges or alloy changes are re atmospheres for the operations of melting, holding, quired. These fluxes, which are comprised primarily of alloying, stirring, degassing, mold casting, and direct 10 lithium chloride or lithium fluoride, are applied to the chill casting of aluminum-lithium alloys. surface of the lithium containing bath whereby they eliminate a part of the problem related to the lithium BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION reactivity and still achieve a lithium recovery of ap The production of aluminum-lithium alloys has be proximately 80 wt %. Unfortunately, disruptions in the come of commercial interest, due to the combination of 15 bath surface whether by-stirring or degassing or any mechanical properties and light weight which these other movement in the bath breaks the flux layer and alloys exhibit. Unfortunately, molten aluminum-lithium exposes the metal to ambient air resulting in violent alloys are very reactive with air which makes their oxidation of the lithium. Also, fluxes are highly corro production and fabrication correspondingly difficult, sive to the refractory linings of the furnace and related The surface of an Al-Libath reveals chemical behav 20 casting equipment and materials of construction. The ior of molten lithium rather than aluminum thus causing fluxes are also known to deteriorate the metal cleanli the bath to: (1) burn on contact with air thus forming an excessive dross layer with the generation of toxic fumes ness and contaminate the environment as well as the resulting in poor lithium recovery and hazardous work equipment including melting, mixing, holding, and al conditions; (2) attract hydrogen from the atmosphere, 25 loying furnaces, metal transfer troughs, casting stations, including traces of water vapor, which increases hydro direct-chill liners and molds. Difficulties associated gen absorption and results in higher porosity levels and with storage and handling of the fluxes frequently cause a loss of the desired mechanical properties; and (3) be a carry over of moisture into the aluminum-lithium melt come practically unskimmable thus preventing proper and the subsequent oxidation and hydrogen pick-up. stirring and degassing of the melt since any disruption Other solutions such as blanketing with a pure dry of the generated dross will increase the rate at which inert atmosphere eliminate the flux method drawbacks, further quantities of dross are formed. To overcome however, these require tightly enclosed pots and these enumerated difficulties, several solutions have troughs and therefore are not flexible enough to be used been offered in the literature. in various stages of aluminum-lithium fabrication. Fur U.S. Pat. No. 4,248,630 discloses a process for adding 35 thermore, inert atmosphere blanketing does not de alloying elements, including highly reactive metals such crease lithium evaporation from the bath, which results as lithium, to molten aluminum so that normally occur in substantial lithium losses and creates a potential ha ring oxidation reactions of such elements with the atmo zard. Inert atmosphere blanketing does not provide flux sphere is minimized. Basically, the process requires that layer cleaning properties such as preventing the hydro all other alloying elements except lithium be added to gen just removed from the bath during degassing from the molten aluminum and the melt be degassed and freely back-diffusing into the uncovered alloy, and/or filtered. Upon completion of the degassing/filtering allowing nonmetallic inclusions which have moved to step, the lithium is introduced into a mixing crucible as the bath surface during inert gas stirring to be inter the final step prior to casting. The desired concentration cepted by the flux layer. of the lithium is achieved by controlling the relative 45 amount of lithium and the alloyed melt. Uniformity of SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION the mixture is achieved by mechanical stirring. The The present invention is a protection process for use mixing crucible and all other crucibles in which lithium in melting, holding, alloying, stirring, degassing, melt may be present are kept under an argon blanket. transfer and casting processes for molten aluminum U.S. Pat. No. 4,556,535 discloses a process for form 50 lithium alloys or lithium. The process of the present ing aluminum-lithium alloys which comprises continu invention comprises blanketing the top of a molten ously monitoring the ingot casting rate and continu aluminum-lithium alloy or lithium bath with an effec ously adding a measured and controlled amount of tive amount of a nontoxic, reactive, dichlorodifluoro molten lithium beneath the surface of the molten alumi methane containing, gas atmosphere. The dichlorodiflu num stream as it flows to the ingot casting station. At 55 oromethane reacts with primarily the lithium in the melt the contact location of the lithium and aluminum, a and rapidly forms a thin fluxing layer on the surface of mixture of argon and chlorine and/or other inert and the bath. This thin layer prevents oxidation of the melt, reactive fluxing gases is injected through a vaned, rotat hydrogen absorption into the melt, and the formation of ing dispenser. The patent further discloses that the in a heavy dross layer; the thin layer is easily skimmed troduction of the lithium into the aluminum must be from the surface if necessary. The layer develops even below the surface of the aluminum in order to minimize if not all of the ambient air is evacuated from above the the occurrence of oxidation, fuming and hydrogen ab melt. sorption. Alternatively, other substitute blanketing atmo Both U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,248,630 and 4,556,535 counter spheres containing an effective amount of a halogen balance the detrimental effects of lithium reactivity by 65 compound having at least one fluorine atom and one means of minimizing time between the alloying and other halogen atom selected from the group consisting casting, however, neither process deals effectively with of chlorine, bromine and iodine, or an atmosphere com the problems of submerged injection of a premelted prising fluorine or a fluorine-containing compound and 4,770,697 3 4. one other halogen or halogen-containing compound The CCl2F2/inert gas blend is useable for the entire wherein said halogen is selected from the group consist range of aluminum-lithium alloys and aluminum-lithium ing of chlorine, bromine and iodine will work in the process of the present invention. The use of these alter master alloys up to 100% wt of lithium. The blend is native atmospheres would result in the same protective not, however, recommended for pure aluminum melts, layer.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ionic Compound Ratios Time: 1 -2 Class Periods
    Collisions Lesson Plan Ionic Compound Ratios Time: 1 -2 class periods Lesson Description In this lesson, students will use Collisions to explore the formation of ionic compounds and compound ratios. Key Essential Questions 1. What makes up an ionic compound? 2. Are ionic compounds found in common ratios? Learning Outcomes Students will be able to determine the ionic compound ratio of an ionic compound. Prior Student Knowledge Expected Cations are postiviely charged ions and anions are negatively charged ions. Lesson Materials • Individual student access to Collisions on tablet, Chromebook, or computer. • Projector / display of teacher screen • Accompanying student resources (attached) Standards Alignment NGSS Alignment Science & Enginnering Practices Disciplinary Core Ideas Crosscutting Concepts • Developing and using • HS-PS-12. Construct and • Structure and Function models revise an explanation for the • Construcing explanations outcome of a simple chemical and designing solutions rection based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends int he periodic table, and knowl- edge of the partterns of chemi- cal properties. www.playmadagames.com ©2018 PlayMada Games LLC. All rights reserved. 1 PART 1: Explore (15 minutes) Summary This is an inquiry-driven activity where students will complete the first few levels of the Collisions Ionic Bonding game to become introduced to the concept of ionic bonding and compound ratios. Activity 1. Direct students to log into Collisions with their individual username and password. 2. Students should enter the Ionic Bonding game and play Levels 1-6 levels. 3. Have your students answer the following questions during gameplay: 1. What combination of ions did you use to successfully match a target? 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Lithium Precursors on Nanoparticle Quality
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021 Electronic Supplementary Information Elucidating the role of precursors in synthesizing single crystalline lithium niobate nanomaterials: A study of lithium precursors on nanoparticle quality Rana Faryad Ali, Byron D. Gates* Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada * E-mail: bgates@sfu.ca This work was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC; Grant No. RGPIN-2020-06522), and through the Collaborative Health Research Projects (CHRP) Partnership Program supported in part by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant No. 134742) and the Natural Science Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. CHRP 462260), the Canada Research Chairs Program (B.D. Gates, Grant No. 950-215846), CMC Microsystems (MNT Grant No. 6345), and a Graduate Fellowship (Rana Faryad Ali) from Simon Fraser University. This work made use of 4D LABS (www.4dlabs.com) and the Center for Soft Materials shared facilities supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund (BCKDF), Western Economic Diversification Canada, and Simon Fraser University. S1 Experimental Materials and supplies All chemicals were of analytical grade and were used as received without further purification. Niobium ethoxide [Nb(OC2H5)5, >90%] was obtained from Gelest Inc., and benzyl alcohol (C7H7OH, 99%) and triethylamine [N(C2H5)3, 99.0%] were purchased from Acros Organics and Anachemia, respectively. Lithium chloride (LiCl, ~99.0%) was obtained from BDH Chemicals, and lithium bromide (LiBr, ≥99.0%), lithium fluoride (LiF, ~99.9%), and lithium iodide (LiI, 99.0%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
    [Show full text]
  • S41467-020-19206-W.Pdf
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19206-w OPEN Unravelling the room-temperature atomic structure and growth kinetics of lithium metal Chao Liang 1, Xun Zhang1, Shuixin Xia1, Zeyu Wang1, Jiayi Wu1, Biao Yuan 1, Xin Luo1, Weiyan Liu1, ✉ Wei Liu 1 &YiYu 1 Alkali metals are widely studied in various fields such as medicine and battery. However, limited by the chemical reactivity and electron/ion beam sensitivity, the intrinsic atomic 1234567890():,; structure of alkali metals and its fundamental properties are difficult to be revealed. Here, a simple and versatile method is proposed to form the alkali metals in situ inside the transmission electron microscope. Taking alkali salts as the starting materials and electron beam as the trigger, alkali metals can be obtained directly. With this method, atomic resolution imaging of lithium and sodium metal is achieved at room temperature, and the growth of alkali metals is visualized at atomic-scale with millisecond temporal resolution. Furthermore, our observations unravel the ambiguities in lithium metal growth on garnet-type solid electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries. Finally, our method enables a direct study of physical contact property of lithium metal as well as its surface passivation oxide layer, which may contribute to better understanding of lithium dendrite and solid electrolyte interphase issues in lithium ion batteries. ✉ 1 School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China. email: yuyi1@shanghaitech.edu.cn NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2020) 11:5367 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19206-w | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19206-w t has been a long history for the research on alkali metals1, the to control the dose-rate of the electron beam.
    [Show full text]
  • Ionic Conductivity of Solid Mixtures
    NASA TECHNICAL NOTE NASA-- TN D-4606 d./ *o 0 *o nP LOAN COPY: RRURN TO AFWL (WLIL-2) KIRTLAND AFB, N MEX IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLID MIXTURES by William L. Fielder Lewis Research Celzter 3 ._i _... Cleveland, Ohio r I t , 1 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. MAY 1968 ,/ I I TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM ,lllllllllll__ .llllllllll I1111 lllllllllllllllll I 023L03b NASA TN D-4606 IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLID MIXTURES By William L. Fielder Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technicol Information Springfield, Virginia 22151 - CFSTI price $3.00 IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLID MIXTURES by William L. Fielder Lewis Research Center SUMMARY The conductivities of four solid mixtures were determined as a function of tempera­ ture: (1) the lithium fluoride - lithium chloride eutectic, (2) the lithium chloride - potassium chloride eutectic, (3) the lithium fluoride - sodium chloride eutectic, and (4) a 50-mole-percent mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Two conductivity regions were obtained for each of the four mixtures. The activation energies for the conductivity for the lower-temperature regions ranged from 14 to 27 kilocalories per mole (59 to 114 kJ/mole). These energies were similar to the cation migration energies for the single crystals of the alkali halides. The conductivity of the mixtures in the lower-temperature regions is best explained by the following mechanism: (1) formation of cation vacancies primarily by multivalent impurities, and (2) migration of the cations through these vacancies. The activation energies for the conductivity of the solid mixtures in the upper- temperature regions ranged from 5 to 9 kilocalories per mole (20 to 39 kJ/mole).
    [Show full text]
  • Download Author Version (PDF)
    Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Decomposition of Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive and Glue Effect of Lithium Fluoride Products for Solid Electrolyte Interphase: An Ab-Initio Study Journal: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Manuscript ID CP-ART-12-2015-007583.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the Author: 03-Feb-2016 Complete List of Authors: Okuno, Yukihiro; Fujifilm Corporation , Ushirogata, Keisuke; FUJIFILM Corporation, Research and Development Headquarters Sodeyama, Keitaro; National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics Tateyama, Yoshitaka; National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics Please do not adjust margins Page 1 of 12 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics PCCP ARTICLE Decomposition of Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive and Glue Effect of Lithium Fluoride Products for Solid Electrolyte Received 00th January 20xx, Interphase: An Ab-Initio Study Accepted 00th January 20xx ab ab bc bd DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x Yukihiro Okuno,* Keisuke Ushirogata , Keitaro Sodeyama and Yoshitaka Tateyama* www.rsc.org/ Additives in the electrolyte solution of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have a large impact on the performance of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms on the anode and is a key to the stability and durability of LIBs. We theoretically investigated effects of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), a representative additive, that has recently attracted considerable attention for the enhancement of cycling stability of silicon electrodes and the improvement of reversibility of sodium-ion batteries. First, we intensively examined the reductive decompositions by ring-opening, hydrogen fluoride (HF) elimination to form vinylene carbonate (VC) additive and intermolecular chemical reactions of FEC in ethylene carbonate (EC) electrolyte, by using density functional theory (DFT) based molecular dynamics and the blue-moon ensemble technique for the free energy profile.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,524,737 B1 Tanii Et Al
    USOO6524737B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,524,737 B1 Tanii et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 25, 2003 (54) METHOD FOR CRUSHING CELL 5,478,664 A 12/1995 Kaneko et al. ............... 429/49 5,888,463 A * 3/1999 McLaughlin et al. ..... 429/49 X (75) Inventors: Tadaaki Tanii, Takasago (JP); Satoshi 6,150,050 A * 11/2000 Mathew et al. ............... 429/49 Tsuzuki, Takasago (JP); Shiro Honmura, Takasago (JP); Takeo FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Kamimura, Takasago (JP); Kenji Sasaki, Kobe (JP); Masakazu Yabuki, DE 4419.695 8/1995 ............ HO1M/6/52 Takasago (JP); Kiyonori Nishida, WO WO 94/25167 11/1994 ............ HO1M/6/52 Takasago (JP (JP) * cited by examiner (73) Assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Tokyo (JP) Primary Examiner Stephen Kalafut (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Crowell & Moring LLP patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. (57) ABSTRACT This invention provides a safe and efficient method of (21) Appl. No.: 09/555,264 dismantling used lithium ion batteries. More Specifically, the (22) PCT Filed: Sep. 27, 1999 plastic cases which protect Sealed battery cells are removed from the system in a stable and reliable fashion. Valuable (86) PCT No.: PCT/JP99/05255 materials. Such as lithium cobalt oxide, an oxide of a lithium S371 (c)(1), tranStonition metal compound,COmpOund aluminum and copperCOoper must bbe (2), (4) Date: Jul. 25, 2000 Separated and recovered. The invention is distinguished by the fact that it entails the following processes.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,118,062 B2 Yamaguchi Et Al
    USOO91 18062B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,118,062 B2 Yamaguchi et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 25, 2015 (54) ANODE AND METHOD OF 4/136 (2013.01); H0IM 4/1397 (2013.01); MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND H01 M 4/38 (2013.01); H0IM 6/164 (2013.01); BATTERY AND METHOD OF H0IM 10/0568 (2013.01); H0IM 10/0569 MANUFACTURING THE SAME (2013.01); H0IM 10/4235 (2013.01); HOIM (75) Inventors: Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Fukushima (JP); 2004/027 (2013.01);s HOIM 2300/0034 Masayuki Ihara, Fukushima (JP); (2013.01); Y02E 60/122 (2013.01); Y10T Hideki Nakai, Fukushima (JP); Toru 29/491 15 (2015.01) Odani, Fukushima (JP); Tadahiko (58) Field of Classification Search Kubota, Kanagawa (JP) USPC ............... 29/623.5; 427/123; 429/218.1, 220, 429/221, 223, 229, 231.1, 231.3, 231.6, (73) Assignee: SONY CORPORATION, Tokyo (JP) 429/231.9, 231.95, 232 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this See application file for complete search history. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 1368 days. (56) References Cited (21) Appl. No.: 12/135,572 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,235,427 B1 5, 2001 Idota et al. (22) Filed: Jun. 9, 2008 6,337,159 B1* 1/2002 Peled et al. ................ 429,2314 6,743,877 B1 * 6/2004 Armand et al. ............... 526,258 (65) Prior Publication Data 6,790,563 B2 * 9/2004 Ishii et al. ..................... 429,347 US 2008/0311472A1 Dec. 18, 2008 (Continued) (30) Foreign Application Priority Data FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CN 1399363 2, 2003 Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
    Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Lithium Fluoride in Aqueous Solutions at Different Temperatures 300 K – 360 K
    E3S Web of Conferences 229, 01045 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122901045 ICCSRE’2020 Molecular dynamics simulation of lithium fluoride in aqueous solutions at different temperatures 300 K – 360 K Abdelkbir ERROUGUI 1 * and Asmaa BENBIYI 1 1Laboratory Physical Chemistry, Catalysis and Environnement, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-7522 Abstract. Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes for rechargeable batteries due to its large capacity, but its performance is plagued by high chemical reactivity, forming an unstable Li–electrolyte interface. Lithium fluoride has been recently touted as a promising material to improve this interface. Computer simulation of lithium in fluoride aqueous solution has an important tool in understanding the structural and dynamical characteristics of ionic complexes. In this investigation, the structural and dynamical properties of supersatured LiF systems have been studied by molecular dynamics simulations at different temperatures range from 300 K up to 360 K using SPC/E water model and the ions which are modeled as charged Lennard-Jones particles. The cartesian positions of each atom of lithium chloride aqueous solution are recorded at every time step of the trajectory. Therefore, the analysis of data requires to calculate the radial distribution functions (RDF) describing the structural and dynamical properties of the water and Li+ and F- ions, such as the coordination numbers, interparticle distances, self-diffusion coefficients and dielectric constants at various temperatures. Keywords: Molecular Dynamics; Hydration number; Self-diffusion coefficient; Dielectric constant; Lithium Fluoride; Energy. * Corresponding author: a_errougui@yahoo.fr © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Factors Affecting the Emission of Dilithium-Fluoride Cluster Ion in Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry
    Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures Vol. 8, No. 1, January - March 2013, p. 359 - 366 MAJOR FACTORS AFFECTING THE EMISSION OF DILITHIUM-FLUORIDE CLUSTER ION IN THERMAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY JASMINA ĐUSTEBEK, MIOMIR VELJKOVIĆ, SUZANA VELIČKOVIĆ* VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia The process of generating dilithium fluoride ion from the samples of LiF, LiF/C60, LIF/LiI, and LIF/LiI/C60 using a double and a triple filament thermal ionization source for a mass spectrometer was studied. This cluster belong to the “superalkali” class that can form the building block for new nanoscale cluster assembled materials. The results show that in the case of the double filament thermal source when the solution of LiF/C60 was used the + Li2F ion was detected in the longest temperature range of the evaporation filament. On + the other hand, the best abundances of Li2F ion was obtained when the solution of LiF/C60 were loaded on the evaporation filaments of the triple filament thermal ionization source. It has also been found that several different processes are involved in the generation of + + + + Li2F by the triple filament thermal source: (1) Li2F2 → Li2F + F; (2) Li +LiF→ Li2F ; + + and (3) Li (from LiI)+LiF→ Li2F . Reaction (1) is dominant at the low temperatures of evaporation filament (Te), reaction (2) it appears at Te > 1000 ˚K, for all four above mentioned samples. Reaction (3) appears when the samples were the solution of LiF/LiI and LiF/LiI/C60 at the high temperature of the evaporation filament.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation and Crystal Structure of a New Lithium Vanadium Fluoride Li2vf6 with Trirutile-Type Structure
    Preparation and Crystal Structure of a New Lithium Vanadium Fluoride Li2VF6 with Trirutile-type Structure Suliman Nakhal, Dominik Weber and Martin Lerch Institut fur¨ Chemie, Technische Universitat¨ Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany Reprint requests to Dr. Suliman Nakhal. Fax: +49 30 314 79656. E-mail: s.nakhal@chem.tu-berlin.de Z. Naturforsch. 2013, 68b, 121 – 126 / DOI: 10.5560/ZNB.2013-2303 Received November 22, 2012 A new lithium vanadium fluoride Li2VF6 was prepared by reacting lithium fluoride LiF with ◦ vanadium tetrafluoride VF4 in a monel capsule at 500 C. The crystal structure has been deter- mined by means of powder X-ray diffraction. Trirutile-type dilithium hexafluorovanadate(IV) crys- tallizes in the tetragonal space group P42=mnm with lattice parameters a = 459.99(1), b = 459:99(1), c = 896.64(2) pm. The presence of a Jahn-Teller effect is discussed. Key words: Lithium Metal Fluoride, Synthesis, Crystal Structure Introduction as compared to the corresponding oxides for the same redox pair [6]. Numerous ternary fluorides of the formula type For lithium vanadium fluorides the following phases A2MF6 (A = alkali metal, M = main group element or have been reported in literature: cryolite type-related (III) transition metal) with larger alkali ions are known. The orthorhombic a- and monoclinic b-Li3V F6 [7], crystal chemistry of these compounds, often crystal- (II=III) LiV2 F6 (tetragonal, a mixed-valence trirutile (V) lizing in several modifications, has been discussed for structure) [8], and LiV F6 (rhombohedral, LiSbF6 more than 60 years [1–3]. There were only few re- type) [9].
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium Flouride Material Safety Data Sheet
    SAFETY DATA SHEET LITHIUM FLUORIDE 012-GHS Page 1 of 6 SECTION 1 CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION ROCKWOOD LITHIUM FOR EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION 348 HOLIDAY INN DRIVE INFORMATION, CALL CHEMTREC KINGS MOUNTAIN, NC 28086 1-800-424-9300 704-739-2501 (8 AM5 PM MTh) (8 AM- 12 PM F) SUBSTANCE: LITHIUM FLUORIDE TRADE NAMES/SYNONYMS: None. CHEMICAL FAMILY: Inorganic Salt PRODUCT USE: Used for a variety of industrial and research applications. FORMULA: LiF SECTION 2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS Classification: Health Environmental Physical Eye Irritation- Category 2A None None Acute Toxicity (Oral) – Category 4 Lithium Fluoride WARNING! H302 Harmful if swallowed. P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously H319 Causes serious eye irritation. with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Prevention: P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling. advice. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke while using this product. Disposal P280 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face P501 Dispose of contents and container to an protection. approved waste disposal plant. Response: P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. SECTION 3 COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Component CAS # % w/w Lithium Fluoride 7789-24-4 100 NOTE: All WHMIS required information is included. It is located in appropriate sections based on the ANSI Z400.1-2004 format. SECTION 4 FIRST-AID MEASURES Victims of chemical exposure must be taken for medical attention if any adverse effect occurs. Rescuers should be taken for medical attention if necessary.
    [Show full text]