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Kinetics of Photosynthate Translocation Donald Boyd Fisher Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1965 Kinetics of photosynthate translocation Donald Boyd Fisher Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Biochemistry Commons, and the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Fisher, Donald Boyd, "Kinetics of photosynthate translocation" (1965). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 4085. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/4085 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been micro&hned exactly as received ® ® ® ^ FISHER, Donald Boyd, 1935- KINETICS OF PHOTOSYNTHATE TRANS LOCATION. Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ph.D., 1965 Botany University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan KINETICS OF PHOTOSYNTHATE TRANSLOCATION by Donald Boyd Fisher A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Biochemistry Approved : Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. fieao. oi I'lajor ueparument Signature was redacted for privacy. D of Graduate College Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1965 il TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION MD LITERATURE REVIE'/J 1 II. ANATOMIC OBSERVATIONS 12 A, Observations on the Leaf Structure 12 B, Observations on the Phloem 18 III. ISOTOPIC EXPERIMENTS 23 A. Materials and Methods 23 1. -
Bark Anatomy and Cell Size Variation in Quercus Faginea
Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2013) 37: 561-570 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1201-54 Bark anatomy and cell size variation in Quercus faginea 1,2, 2 2 2 Teresa QUILHÓ *, Vicelina SOUSA , Fatima TAVARES , Helena PEREIRA 1 Centre of Forests and Forest Products, Tropical Research Institute, Tapada da Ajuda, 1347-017 Lisbon, Portugal 2 Centre of Forestry Research, School of Agronomy, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal Received: 30.01.2012 Accepted: 27.09.2012 Published Online: 15.05.2013 Printed: 30.05.2013 Abstract: The bark structure of Quercus faginea Lam. in trees 30–60 years old grown in Portugal is described. The rhytidome consists of 3–5 sequential periderms alternating with secondary phloem. The phellem is composed of 2–5 layers of cells with thin suberised walls and narrow (1–3 seriate) tangential band of lignified thick-walled cells. The phelloderm is thin (2–3 seriate). Secondary phloem is formed by a few tangential bands of fibres alternating with bands of sieve elements and axial parenchyma. Formation of conspicuous sclereids and the dilatation growth (proliferation and enlargement of parenchyma cells) affect the bark structure. Fused phloem rays give rise to broad rays. Crystals and druses were mostly seen in dilated axial parenchyma cells. Bark thickness, sieve tube element length, and secondary phloem fibre wall thickness decreased with tree height. The sieve tube width did not follow any regular trend. In general, the fibre length had a small increase toward breast height, followed by a decrease towards the top. -
Plant Histology and Anatomy Q
PLANT HISTOLOGY AND ANATOMY Q. Transcellular strands are seen in a) Xylem vessels b) ThidTracheids c) Parenchyma cells d) Sieve tubes Q. Epiphytes absorb water by a spongy tissue called a) Mesophy ll b) Velamen c) Conjuctive tissue d) Phloem Q. The presence of vessel s and companion cells are characters of a) Gymnosperms b) Angiosperms c) Bryophytes d) Pteridophytes Q. AhilAmphivasal vascul lbdlar bundle is found in a) Cycas and Dryopteris b) Dracaena and Yucca c) Helianthus and Cucurbita d) maize and Wheat Q. Bamboo and grasses elonggyate by the activity of a) Apical meristem b) Intercalary meristem c) SdSecondary meritistem d) Lateral ameristem Q. Fibres associated with phloem are called a) Intraxylary fibres b) Pericycle fibres c) Bast fibres d) Cortical fibres Q. Callose is found in a) Sieve Plates b) Cross walls of tracheids c) Phloem parenchyma d) Comapanion cell Q. Which are common in xylem and phloem tissues? a) PhParenchyma and CllCollench yma b) Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma c) Parenchyma and Sclerenchyma d) Aerenchyma and Sclerenchyma Q. Quiescent centre is found in a) Root tip b) Shoot tip c) Floral tip d) Leaf tip Q. The plastids in meristematic tissue are in a a) Fullyyp developed state b) Half developed state c) Proplastid state d) Plasmolysed state Q. In hydrophytes, aerenchyma helps in a) Attachment b) Photosynthesis c) Buoyancy d) Mechanical support Q. Cistoliths are composedfd of a) Calcium oxalate b) Calcium carbonate c) GGucosdeslucosides d) MgCO 3 Q. CllCollench yma differs f rom sclerenchyma a) Retaining protoplasm at maturity b) Having thick walls c) HHiaving w idlide lumen d) Being meristematic Q. -
Microfluidics of Sugar Transport in Plant Leaves and in Biomimetic Devices
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 08, 2021 Microfluidics of sugar transport in plant leaves and in biomimetic devices Rademaker, Hanna Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Rademaker, H. (2016). Microfluidics of sugar transport in plant leaves and in biomimetic devices. Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Ph.D. thesis Microfluidics of sugar transport in plant leaves and in biomimetic devices Hanna Rademaker 14 September 2016 Supervised by Tomas Bohr and Kaare Hartvig Jensen Cover image: Light microscopy image of a Coleus blumei leaf. The image shows the natural color. Microfluidics of sugar transport in plant leaves and in biomimetic devices Copyright ➞ 2016 Hanna Rademaker. All rights reserved. Typeset using LATEX and TikZ. Abstract The physical mechanisms underlying vital plant functions constitute a research field with many important, unsolved problems. -
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY (Accredited with ‘A+’ Grade by NAAC (with CGPA: 3.64) in the Third Cycle and Graded As category - I University by MHRD-UGC) (A State University Established by the Government of TamilNadu) KARAIKUDI – 630 003 DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION M. Sc. BOTONY Second Year – Third Semester 34631- MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY Copy Right Reserved For Private Use only Authors: Dr. A. Arun, Associate Professor & Head (i/c), Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi- 630 003. (Units 1-7) Dr. M. Jothibasu Assistant Professor Department of Botany Alagappa University Karaikudi-03 (Units 8-14) “The Copyright shall be vested with Alagappa University” All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. SYLLABI – BOOK MAPPING TABLE 34631- MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY SYLLABI MAPPING IN BOOK BLOCK-1: SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY UNIT I Introduction to Microbiology- Scope of Microbiology- 1-8 Evolution into Science- Characterization of microorganisms. UNIT II Classification of Microorganisms- Archea and Bacteria- 9-15 Characteristics of Bacteria- Morphology -Ultra Structure. UNIT III Nutrition – Growth – Reproduction- Bacterial Cultural and 16-27 Cultural characteristics- Economic importance of bacteria BLOCK 2: VIRUS AND MYCOPLASMAS UNIT IV Virology – General features- Classification of virus- 28-34 Characteristics – Ultra structure. UNIT V Virus- Isolation – Purification –Chemical nature- Replication- 35-46 Transmission- Virions. -
Tissues and Other Levels of Organization MODULE - 1 Diversity and Evolution of Life
Tissues and Other Levels of Organization MODULE - 1 Diversity and Evolution of Life 5 Notes TISSUES AND OTHER LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION You have just learnt that cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of organisms and that bodies of organisms are made up of cells of various shapes and sizes. Groups of similar cells aggregate to collectively perform a particular function. Such groups of cells are termed “tissues”. This lesson deals with the various kinds of tissues of plants and animals. OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to : z define tissues; z classify plant tissues; z name the various kinds of plant tissues; z enunciate the tunica corpus theory and histogen theory; z classify animal tissues; z describe the structure and function of various kinds of epithelial tissues; z describe the structure and function of various kinds of connective tissues; z describe the structure and function of muscular tissue; z describe the structure and function of nervous tissue. 5.1 WHAT IS A TISSUE Organs such as stem, and roots in plants, and stomach, heart and lungs in animals are made up of different kinds of tissues. A tissue is a group of cells with a common origin, structure and function. Their common origin means they are derived from the same layer (details in lesson No. 20) of cells in the embryo. Being of a common origin, there are similar in structure and hence perform the same function. Several types of tissues organise to form an organ. Example : Blood, bone, and cartilage are some examples of animal tissues whereas parenchyma, collenchyma, xylem and phloem are different tissues present in the plants. -
Level Biology. Basic and Simplified Revision Notes
Systematic “A” level Biology. Basic and simplified Revision notes. SYSTEMATIC “A” LEVEL BIOLOGY. Basic and simplified revision notes. STANDARD TEACHING SYLABUS: 1. Cell biology or cytology………………………………………..………………………….2 Definition of cytology/cell biology, definition of the cell. Microscopy. light and electron microscopes their structure, mode of operation and comparison between them, microscope practical techniques. Cell theory, types of organism’s i.e prokaryotes and eukaryotes, comparison between Prokaryotes and eukaryotes, why cells are small? Structures of the cell, cell diversity.. Cell division. Types of cell division, events that occur during each type, comparison between them and the importance of each type. 2.Histology………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Definition, types of tissues, their structures and functions,adaptations of some tissues to suit their function. Levels of organization. ie unicellular level; tissue level; organ level; system level and organism level; advantages and disadvantages of being unicellular and multicelar organism; 3. Classification of living organisms…………………………………………………….65 Common terms used: classification, taxonomy, systematics, binomial nomenclature, dichotomous keys, taxonomic hierarchy, and five kingdom system: Animalia, Plantae, fungi, Protista and monera general characteristic of organismin each kingdom and the examples. 4. Transport of materials in living organisms………………………………………107 5. Chemicals of life………………………………………………………………………….150 DNA structure, RNA structure, DNA replication and protein -
Syllabus Botany
Written examination to be conducted for the post of Astt. Professor. Syllabus Botany Section A Phycology:- Algae in diversified habitats (terrestrial, freshwater, marine), thallus organization, cell ultra structure, reproduction, {Vegetative, asexual, sexual), criteria for classification of algae: pigments, reserve food, flagella, classification; salient features of Protochlorophyta, , Charophyta, Xenthophyta, Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta: wIth special reference- to Microcystis, Hydroaktyon, DropernaldiopsisCosmarium, algal blooms, algal biofertilizers: algae as food, feed and uses in industry. Mycology: General character of fungi, substrate relationship in fungi, cell ultrastructure, unicellular and multicellular organization, cell wall composition; nutrition. (saprobic, biotrophic symbiotic) reproduction (vegetative, asexual sexual), heterothallism, heterokaryosis, parasexuality recent trends in classification. Phylogeny of fungi, general account of Mastigomycotina,Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina,Basidiomycotina, Deuteromycotina with special reference to PilobolusChaetomium, Morchella, Melampsora, Polyporus,Drechslera&Phomo, fungi in industry, medicine and as food fungal diseases in plants and humans, Mycorrhizae, fungi as blocontrol agents. Bryophyta: Morphology, structures reproduction and life .history,-distribution. Classification, general account of Marchantiales, Junger-maniales, Anthocerotales, Sphagnales, Funariales and Polytrichales with special reference to Piaglochasma, Notothylus and Polytrichurn, economic and ecological -
Transport in Plants
BIOLOGY TRANSPORT IN PLANTS Transport in Plants In plants, materials such as gases, minerals, water, hormones and organic solutes need to be transported over short and long distances. Short distance transport occurs through through diffusion and cytoplasmic streaming accompanied by active transport. Long distance transport occurs through the xylem and phloem. This transport is called translocation. Means of Transport Facilitated Active Diffusion Diffusion Transport Diffusion The movement of molecules or ions from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration, until the molecules are evenly distributed throughout the available space is known as diffusion. The rate of diffusion gets affected by temperature, density of diffusing substances, medium in which diffusion is taking place, diffusion pressure gradient. Characteristics of Diffusion The diffusing molecules move randomly along the concentration gradient. The direction of diffusion of one substance is independent of the movement of the other substance. www.topperlearning.com 2 BIOLOGY TRANSPORT IN PLANTS There is no energy expenditure. Importance of Diffusion in Plants Diffusion helps in CO2 intake and O2 output in photosynthesis and CO2 output and O2 intake in respiration. It is an effective means of transport of substances over very short distance. Facilitated Diffusion The spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane mediated by specific transmembrane carrier proteins without spending metabolic energy is called facilitated diffusion. Water soluble substances such as glucose, sodium ions and chloride ions are transported by this method. Action of Transport of Proteins The carrier protein acts as selective channels through which the molecules are transported across the membrane. -
Unit 4 Plant Physiology
UNIT 4 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 11 The description of structure and variation of living organisms over a Transport in Plants period of time, ended up as two, apparently irreconcilable perspectives on biology. The two perspectives essentially rested on two levels of Chapter 12 organisation of life forms and phenomena. One described at organismic Mineral Nutrition and above level of organisation while the second described at cellular and molecular level of organisation. The first resulted in ecology and Chapter 13 related disciplines. The second resulted in physiology and biochemistry. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Description of physiological processes, in flowering plants as an example, is what is given in the chapters in this unit. The processes of Chapter 14 mineral nutrition of plants, photosynthesis, transport, respiration and Respiration in Plants ultimately plant growth and development are described in molecular terms but in the context of cellular activities and even at organism Chapter 15 level. Wherever appropriate, the relation of the physiological processes Plant Growth and to environment is also discussed. Development 2020-21 MELVIN CALVIN born in Minnesota in April, 1911, received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Minnesota. He served as Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. Just after world war II, when the world was under shock after the Hiroshima-Nagasaki bombings, and seeing the ill- effects of radio-activity, Calvin and co-workers put radio- activity to beneficial use. He along with J.A. Bassham studied reactions in green plants forming sugar and other substances from raw materials like carbon dioxide, water and minerals by labelling the carbon dioxide with C14. -
Acyrthosiphon Pisum AQP2: a Multifunctional Insect Aquaglyceroporin
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1818 (2012) 627–635 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Biochimica et Biophysica Acta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bbamem Acyrthosiphon pisum AQP2: A multifunctional insect aquaglyceroporin Ian S. Wallace a,1, Ally J. Shakesby b, Jin Ha Hwang a, Won Gyu Choi a, Natália Martínková b,c, Angela E. Douglas b,d, Daniel M. Roberts a,⁎ a Department of Biochemistry & Cellular, and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996–0840, USA b Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK c Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic d Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA article info abstract Article history: Annotation of the recently sequenced genome of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) identified a gene Received 31 August 2011 ApAQP2 (ACYPI009194, Gene ID: 100168499) with homology to the Major Intrinsic Protein/aquaporin super- Received in revised form 19 November 2011 family of membrane channel proteins. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ApAQP2 is a member of an insect- Accepted 28 November 2011 specific clade of this superfamily. Homology model structures of ApAQP2 showed a novel array of amino acids Available online 8 December 2011 comprising the substrate selectivity-determining “aromatic/arginine” region of the putative transport pore. Keywords: Subsequent characterization of the transport properties of ApAQP2 upon expression in Xenopus oocytes fi Aphid supports an unusual substrate selectivity pro le. Water permeability analyses show that the ApAQP2 pro- Aquaporins tein exhibits a robust mercury-insensitive aquaporin activity. -
Eudicots Monocots Stems Embryos Roots Leaf Venation Pollen Flowers
Monocots Eudicots Embryos One cotyledon Two cotyledons Leaf venation Veins Veins usually parallel usually netlike Stems Vascular tissue Vascular tissue scattered usually arranged in ring Roots Root system usually Taproot (main root) fibrous (no main root) usually present Pollen Pollen grain with Pollen grain with one opening three openings Flowers Floral organs usually Floral organs usually in in multiples of three multiples of four or five © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Reproductive shoot (flower) Apical bud Node Internode Apical bud Shoot Vegetative shoot system Blade Leaf Petiole Axillary bud Stem Taproot Lateral Root (branch) system roots © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Storage roots Pneumatophores “Strangling” aerial roots © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 4 Stolon Rhizome Root Rhizomes Stolons Tubers © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 5 Spines Tendrils Storage leaves Stem Reproductive leaves Storage leaves © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 Dermal tissue Ground tissue Vascular tissue © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 7 Parenchyma cells with chloroplasts (in Elodea leaf) 60 µm (LM) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 8 Collenchyma cells (in Helianthus stem) (LM) 5 µm © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 9 5 µm Sclereid cells (in pear) (LM) 25 µm Cell wall Fiber cells (cross section from ash tree) (LM) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 Vessel Tracheids 100 µm Pits Tracheids and vessels (colorized SEM) Perforation plate Vessel element Vessel elements, with perforated end walls Tracheids © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 11 Sieve-tube elements: 3 µm longitudinal view (LM) Sieve plate Sieve-tube element (left) and companion cell: Companion cross section (TEM) cells Sieve-tube elements Plasmodesma Sieve plate 30 µm Nucleus of companion cell 15 µm Sieve-tube elements: longitudinal view Sieve plate with pores (LM) © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.