A IMA WE A E I S I U E
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CONGRESSMAN DINGELL HOLDS EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS IN JAPAN HEARINGS ON ENDANGERED In a recent report written in response to a request by SPECIES BILLS the World Federation for the Protection of Animals, On February 19th and 20th Congressman John Dingell Anthony Carding, MRCVS, included the following sec- (D., Mich.) conducted hearings on Endangered Species tion on experimental animals in Japan. Dr. Carding served Bills before the Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation Sub- as Laboratory Animal Consultant for the Animal Welfare. committee of the House Committee on Merchant Marine Institute during his stay in the United States in 1965, and and Fisheries. The first witness to appear before the Com- he has worked with the Greek Animal Welfare Fund in mittee was the Hon. Russell Train, Undersecretary of the an attempt to remedy terrible conditions for laboratory Interior, who last year testified for this legislation as animals there. He found repeatedly that training in the President of the African Wildlife Leadership Foundation, United States led Greek and Japanese research workers to President of the Conservation Foundation, and Vice-Presi- imitate the worst practices found in some of our medical dent of the World Wildlife Fund. A long-time supporter schools of perpetually caging dogs in basements. This of international conservation measures, the new Interior is referred to in the following excerpt from Dr. Carding's Undersecretary made an excellent statement in favor of report. It deserves particular note in view of the fact that
strong and effective legislation to protect endangered the United States is a model—for good or ill—for many , species of wildlife throughout the world. The legislation countries and our responsibility with respect to the treat-, thus has the support of the Nixon Administration, and the ment of captive animals is great. continuous work of the Department of the Interior which has supported the legislation from its inception is being Experimental Animals carried forward vigorously. by Anthony Carding, M.R.C.V.S. However, this is the first hearing at which opponents Postwar medical research in Japan has been greatly in- of the legislation appeared. The spokesman for the pet fluenced by American teaching and money (the U.S. Gov- trade, Mr. Frank E. Dittrich, had circulated letters in both ernment giving Japanese researchers over a million U.S. sessions of Congress urging pet shop operators, animal dollars annually). In many fields Japanese scientists suc- dealers and suppliers to fight the bill. "Your business is cessfully contest with Western scientists for leadership. threatened" were his opening words last summer. This For this reason it comes as a shock to Western scientists year he took credit for helping to kill the bill, complained to see the conditions under which some experimental ani- that it cost him $1,500 to get out his mailing, and boasted mals are kept. High standards exist in the animal quarters of one and a half to two billion dollar business in pets of the major pharmaceutical companies and of some private and supplies in this country. Confronted by Committee medical universities. Probably the worst conditions any- Counsel with untrue statements in the letter he had circu- where in the world are to be found in the animal quarters lated to try to kill the new Endangered Species Bills, Mr. of Japan's famous state universities. Dittrich sought to gain sympathy by saying of the pet There can be no excuse for the inhumane and un- industry, "We're in our infancy." Charged with incon- scientific conditions under which the cream of the coun- sistency between his prepared statement and the letter he try's young doctors is obliged to conduct animal experi- had circulated shortly before, Dittrich made one excuse ments, although there are two factors which help to ex- (Continued on Page 2 plain them. •••• In the first place administration is in the hands of gov- E OG ESSI E A ME MOVES TO ernment officials. Academic leaders insist that animal ex- END CALF CASTRATION periments are an essential part of advanced medical train- Humanitarians Can Help, Too ing but the administrators are under no obligation to pro- An excellent article in the February issue of The Pro- vide the money necessary for their proper conduct. There gressive Farmer is entitled "The Castration Knife Must is insufficient money to maintain long established com- Go!" As it points out, "... in a day when every producer mitments and since there has been no precedent for is striving to prevent stress, why submit calves to the ex- expenditure on animal facilities it is easy for officials to treme stress of castration?" Documentation of agricultural justify refusals for money. Investigators therefore continue research in Florida, Iowa, Wyoming, Nevada, California, to use animals in the knowledge that most of their data Indiana, Ohio, Arizona, Oklahoma, Virginia, Tennessee, has n.o scientific value. It is not entirely just to blame these Colorado and Georgia as well as New Zealand, Ireland young men who study for a registrable degree in a state and other foreign countries shows that the calves not sub- university since their only alternative is to abandon their jected to castration grow faster. ambitions and drop out. The author of the article, Mr. C. G. Scruggs, Editor of The second factor which helps to explain these con-. The Progressive farmer, states that in the 2 years he has ditions is that the American style of research, calling for been writing for it, "I don't believe I have seen as over- centralization and the pooling of resources, has been im- whelming and indisputable evidence as there is in favor posed on a system of departmental autonomy, which ef- of Ab nd n n the practice of castration." He indicates fectively precludes sharing or cooperation where this in- that 200 years ago there were some valid reasons, such volves a loss of personal authority and convenience of as use of oxen as draft animals. Now, however, "Test professors. after test shows that young beef males have only about These two basic factors involve government and academic half the fat cover as steers do and that they have a much leaders at the highest level and must remain largely beyond greater percent of lean meat. Why put it on animals and the influence of a small animal welfare society. There are then cut it off and throw it away before the meat goes however other contributory factors which such groups can into retail counters?" Why, indeed, we may ask, when help to mitigate. castration causes suffering to millions of young animals— Two years ago large medical universities were found suffering which is needless. to lack any kind of coordination between the different departments using experimental animals. In one university, Mr. Scruggs concludes: "It's clearly time to stop the, wasteful and, today, unnecessary practice of castration. It's nine departments struggled to maintain separate stray dog time for action. It's time o throw the knife away." colonies. Hospital kitchen wastes were not sufficient even (Continued on Page 4) (Continued on Page 2) E e ime a A ima s i a a number of rabbits or mice would cost a fortune but these (Cont. from page 1) dogs can be shut up in cellars and old sheds or simply in quantity, never mind quality, to satisfy the 400 dogs. chained to a stake on ground outside the public wards. Individual part-time dog attendants had either to Small animals are fed commercial pellets but dogs are race to the kitchens and fight for the food or bribe kitchen given only scraps left from the meals of patients. It is staff secretly to reserve them a share. The result was that abundantly clear that although this state of affairs may some departments had excess rice-leavings on which the appear to meet the current fashion in medical education wild rats lived while the other groups of dogs starved to it comes nowhere near meeting the requirements of scien- death for want of a few handfuls of rice. I record with c investigation. singular distaste having seen one starved experimental dog which held between its jaws a hind leg torn from another Co g essma i ge o s experimental dog. ea i gs o E a ge e Species i s Long hours and days of persistent discussion with doc- (Continued from Page I) tors, professors and officials conducted by JAWS.' staff after another, finally informing the Chairman that for a have resulted in some of these universities forming animal person who had only gone "as far in school as I have . . . care committees to coordinate the management of separate you have to talk to him different." With great patience animal colonies. Unfortunately, these committees are gently the Chairman read him a considerable portion of the bill frustrated as they lack authority and their enthusiasm is which clearly showed that the statements Dittrich had often stifled by opposition and disregard from depart- made had no basis in fact, but Dittrich only replied, "I mental superiors. However, they are an essential first step was trying to get some action. We wanted to bring some since each member is in theory responsible for the animals people into the picture besides ourselves." He was ac- kept by his department where previously there was ab- companied by six other animal dealers, and in his pre- solutely no individual responsibility. pared testimony stated about the pet industry, "Its sensa- Another helpful contribution that J.A.W.S. has been tional growth is best told by many well-established pet making concerns the animal attendants. In spite of the supply wholesalers who have had sales increases from 30 tens of thousands of animals kept and used every year by to 100 percent during 1968." He assured the Committee, state medical universities the government does not employ "We are willing to police our work and industry so that a single full-time animal caretaker. The work falls to vari- it continues to grow successfully." Besides his self-polic- ous handymen and part-timers who are so desperate for ing offer, Mr. Dittrich had other suggestions to make, too: money that they must accept this kind of work which is We are wondering why it would not be much better to distasteful to a Japanese. The salary is the very lowest for turn this matter over to the United Nations so that a unskilled labor. Little notice is taken of the work they do multilateral treaty including exporting countries who have and doctors do not dare to criticise because men who will a sovereign right to determine what they will do with do this work are irreplaceable. This is where J.A.W.S. their natural resources could be worked out among all of stepped in with a pilot project designed to raise the self- the countries of the world." This recurrent idea for putting respect of caretakers. The basis of the project is a set of off effective action while "all the countries of the world" ten lessons in elementary dog management issued as a work out a treaty has been completely dropped by the postal course, and satisfactory completion results in regis- union which is credited with successfully blocking passage tration with J.A.W.S. as a competent kennelman. Visits of the bill last year. and inspections are made during the training period and Last year's Endangered Species Bill passed the House for the first time these attendants are aware that someone of Representatives and was favorably reported by the is taking an active interest in their work and the problems Senate Commerce Committee but failed to come to a vote associated with it. In two universities doctors have written in the closing days of the 90th Congress. It was delayed to the Society to say that they had learned from the les- in the Commerce Committee by last-minute objections of sons things they had not realised before. So encouraging a very vigorous nature by the pet, fur and leather in- are these results that this approach will be enlarged shortly dustries and the union associated with the latter two in- into a major project. dustries. It is significant that none of the opponents had A third example of how an animal welfare society can appeared at hearings to express criticism. A redrafted bill take the initiative is in the dissemination of information designed to meet all reasonable objections was written about facilities for experimental animals which meet the quickly by Department of Interior attorneys, but the op- needs of the animals themselves. The tendency is always position continued and succeeded in killing the bill. to follow the American lead when new animal quarters During the recess, Arnold Mayer, Legislative Repre- are being planned and this invariably involves cramping sentative of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher more and more animals into the available space. In many Workmen (AFL-CIO) conducted meetings attended by Japanese hospitals the dogs for instance, have room to representatives of the fur and leather industry, the union, move about and can often enjoy access to fresh air and the Department of the Interior, the two Congressional sunshine. Improvement in conditions for the animals is Committees, major conservation organizations and other mainly a matter of management plus moderate expenditure proponents of the legislation. The two large meetings on facilities. However, when money does become available January 6 and February , 1969 brought together groups what invariably happens is that the dogs are crammed into and individuals concerned who had never before met. Mr. small but incredibly expensive cages of stainless steel or Mayer's action unquestionably performed a very important aluminium placed in a dark basement or an exposed roof- service, and his statement for the union at the hearings: top. The old standard of management continues but the "We strongly support H. R. 4812," is of major conse- absence of sunshine and fresh air enormously exaggerates quence for prompt action on the legislation. Concerning the unhygienic conditions. In fact, the final state is more the possibility of an amendment to make the effective date inhumane and just as unscientific as the first was but it of the bill dependent on similar action by other countries, has cost a great deal of money to reach it. he stated that this "might greatly delay the effort to con- In this discussion of, experimental animal problems there serve the endangered species. We do not want to hold have .been several references to dogs, and much of the back that work and we shall therefore not ask for or Society's work has been concerned with dogs used for support such an amendment." Mr. Mayer suggested that experiment. This is not entirely due to the great sympathy an amendment be added to "instruct the Secretary of the that people in general show towards dogs, as compared Interior, working through the Secretary of State, to seek with rats and rabbits, but reflects the extraordinary high an international meeting of governments in 1970 on the proportion of dogs which are used in animal experiments problems of wildlife and fish and this meeting should n p n. h r n r th t th ppl of dogs is prac- specifically include the signing of a convention concern- tically inexhaustible and that dogs are cheaper to obtain' ing endangered species." nd p v n th n . To encourage prompt international action as suggested Managers of dog pounds are anxious to pass on as many by Mr. Mayer is desirable. To cause the United States to dogs as possible for research because this reduces their wait, instead of taking the lead, would completely destroy work of killing them. Fifteen thousand dogs a year are the legislation. tipped out of trucks at the back entrances of Tokyo hospi- Other weakening amendments were proposed by Mr. tals for a nominal delivery fee. Cages for an equivalent James H. Sharp, Counsel to the American Fur Merchants' Association, who urged that it is not enough to speak of species threatened with worldwide extinction. They must be n ntl threatened. If not, the fur trade should go right on as usual. He asked that "imminently" appear six times in the bill. He was worried, too, that a species imminently en- dangered with worldwide extinction might rapidly in- crease in numbers after it got protection, but the Secretary might not immediately remove it from the endangered list. This eventuality moved him to write a long provision for more hearings and reviews "upon receipt of an ap- plication by an interested party," who wanted to get back to the killing as quickly as possible. He also asked to weaken the section on criminal penal- ties by requiring proof not only that a violator knowingly sold or transported an endangered species in violation of federal or foreign laws, but also that he knew the foreign law. Amendments were also proposed to provide a veto power over the Secretary's designations either by a foreign government or by a private agency, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. It is the intent of the bills now being considered that the Secretary consult with foreign governments and with the IUCN. However, to give either the right of veto would be intolerable. The Red Data Book so often referred to in the hearings de- serves its high reputation for soundness and scientific ac- curacy. But legislation should not be written which places a private organization in absolute control over a federal E ES . WA KE law. To do so would invite attempts to influence its find- The death of Ernest P. Walker on February 1st is a ings and erode their objectivity which is the essence of great loss to animal welfare and humane education. His their value. r t A d nd C r f S ll An l written for the Statements in support of strong, effective Endangered Animal Welfare Institute in 1955 is now in its ninth Species Legislation were made by Congressman Richard printing and continues in constant demand by ele- D. McCarthy who prefaced his prepared statement by re- mentary schoolteachers, librarians and leaders of youth marking that he was glad to see there were no fur coats groups. He contributed many magnificent photographs to in the audience, by Charles Callison, National Audubon two other AWI publications, n l r j t Society; Lloyd Tupling, Sierra Club; John Perry, Ameri- published in 1960 and An l Expr n published in can Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums; Dr. 1966. The longest of the Walker manuscripts published Theodore Reed, Wild Animal Propagation Trust; and by AWI was St d n O r ll M l (174 Christine Stevens, Animal Welfare Institute. Some official pages, 152 illustrations) published in 1965. statements including that of Dr. Dillon Ripley, Secretary Photographs of the Douroucouli monkey, Muriel, of the Smithsonian and of several major conservation who lived with the Walkers, appeared in groups were placed in the record of the hearings instead An l Expr n and St d n O r ll M l , and a previously un- of being made personally because such great amounts of published photograph of this animal with Mr. Walker time had been taken up by those who requested weakening appears above. He made recordings of a wide variety of amendments. her vocal expressions, and gave these to AWI together We are going down hill with respect to exotic pets, with his interpretations. He was able to imitate her 30 and all organizations should actively oppose the growth well that he could communicate with strange monkeys of of this cruel trade. the same species. Most effective, however, will be the passage of En- dangered Species Legislation. As Congressman McCarthy Interested in recording voices of different mammals, remarked, "A list of endangered species promulgated by Mr. Walker included in St d n O r ll M l the Secretary of the Interior, would be used to determine spectograms of the voices of whales and porpoises as well which species would be prohibited. The British have used as of Douroucouli monkey language. One of his last days this technique and have managed to dry up the flow of was spent in listening to the recordings of fish crow calls commerce in rare wildlife. We can do the same. . . There and observing the attentive attitude of a tame raven owned is no legislative schedule in the life of the mountain by Mr. Dwight Chamberlain, who had made the record- gorilla or the orangutan. Their survival will not wait for ings to accompany his paper on the vocalizations of crows. unduly prolonged action of humans. I hope that the Con- A major uncompleted project planned by Ernest Walker gress can complete consideration of this bill in the near was a broad combination of humane education and con- future, before some of these species become memories servation which he hoped to see in action throughout the rather than ac s." United States. He called it "Be Kind to the Earth" and envisaged a series of films, film strips, manuals and other EW " U ES A EASO S" teaching devices to be made available to teachers in some- EA E U IS E Y AWI what the same manner as the AWI has distributed edu- In response to the numerous favorable comments on cational materials. the five "Reasons Why Animal Experiments by High Ernest Walker's influence in teaching appreciation of Schoo). Students Should be Painless," published in In- animals and of the whole of nature has been great, and formation Report, Vol. 17, No. 4, the AWI is having it may well prove to be greater in the future through single sheets printed for general distribution which in- continued distribution of his words, thoughts, and photo- clude these reasons together with the suggested "Rules graphs. His painstakingly accurate scientific findings (he Governing Treatment of Animals by High School Biology was a charter member of the American Society of Main- Students." In addition there will be a listing of humane malogists) and his genuine, persofial sympathy with educational materials which are available free to teachers hundreds of different living creatures made his contribu- and at cost price to others. tion unique. The scientific world knows him for the huge, These sheets will be available free to scientists, veter- three-volume G n r f nt M l f th W rld inarians, educators, animal protective organizations, and which took its place as the classic source of information youth groups, everyone who can put them to use in pre- in this field as soon as it was published in 1964. Human- venting cruel experiments by teenaged students. They may itarians will continue to hear of him through the organiza- be obtained by writing to the AWI at the address on the tions which distribute the results of his lifework which masthead. was devoted to the welfare of animals. ,4 " U.S. E A ME O AG ICU U E, ing, Dallas, Texas 202 for focusing attention on the U.S. AI O CE E EE subject. By stating that pr f r t p r h t fr S A I G WI I E n l th t h v nd r n th n p bl f Deep snow has necessitated emergency feeding opera- f r n r tr you can help encourage prompt action. tions in Nevada for Wild horses, in Minnesota, Michigan Please let us know, too, at the Animal Welfare Institute and South Dakota for deer and pheasants, and govern- of your interest in stopping this outmoded pain infliction. ment agencies are helping. The U.S. Air Force offered to fly 17 tons of hay to approximately 400 marooned mus- AWI OO E I I A tangs in Stone Cabin Valley and Revoli Valley in Nevada. A IO A SCIE CE EAC E S The horses were located by the Bureau of Land Manage- ASSOCIA IO CO E IO ment, once foes of the wild horses. Thirty-five to forty An exhibit on humane science teaching will be pre- wild horses on a ridge near Lake Tahoe were already be- sented by the Animal Welfare Institute at the annual ing fed by helicopter with help from school children who convention of the National Science Teachers Association, collected money to feed the horses, when the new herds March 2 2 in Dallas, Texas. The booth will feature of starving animals were sighted. three R's: Rules, Rationale, and Reasons. The Rules are The International Society for the Protection of Mus- those which have been widely disseminated by the AWI tangs and Burros is accepting contributions for the hay for posting on high school bulletin boards to ensure that needed to bring the horses through the last month of a no animal used for high school teaching of biology hard winter. Mrs. Velma Johnston, leader of the cam- or a science fair is subjected to any procedure project paign which brought about enactment of the Wild Horse which interferes with its normal health or causes it pain Act prohibiting pursuit of wild horses and burros with or distress. The Reasons are those which were published motorized equipment or poisoning of water holes, is in Information Report Vol. 17, No. 4 dealing with the organizing the collection of needed funds. Dr. Michael moral, psychological, social, educational and scientific rea- Pontrelli of the University of Nevada, and Mrs. Johnston sons why animal experiments by high school students presented a paper at the Thirty-Fourth North American should be painless. The Rationale is exemplified by recent Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, March fourth articles in leading publications in the field: "Sanctified in Washington, D.C., entitled "New Values—Burros and Torture,' by John Hillaby in h S nt t, 9 Mustangs." Checks for the International Society for the January, 1969; "The Boundaries of Use of Animals in Protection of Mustangs and Burros may be mailed to 140 High School Biology," by F. Barbara Orlans, in h Greenstone Drive, Reno, Nevada 89502. S n h r, October, 1968; and a letter by Dr. Orlans While private funds have proved necessary to buy food published in the 10 January, 1969 issue of S n . for horses, grain has been issued in accordance with a Key sentences from each will be featured: "In these federal law passed in 1961 which authorizes emergency days of widespread violence, every profession and every feeding of resident game Birds and other wildlife through school should strive to maintain and enlarge, not to nar- State wildlife or conservation agencies. Before the grains row or obliterate, our communal stock of mercy." (Dr. can be provided, the Department of the Interior must find Orlans in h S n h r, Vol. 35, o. . that some or all of the State is included in an area threat- "Considering the vast range of biological problems, the ened with serious loss of wildlife through starvation. great array of plants, protozoa, and insects, and the ma y The U.S. Department of Agriculture reports that ap- studies of animals which can be conducted without harm- proximately ,8 0 bushels of Commodity Credit Corpora- ing them, it is profoundly disturbing that one student in tion-owned grains have been distributed to wild birds and five now chooses a topic in which animals are hurt or animals this winter in Minnesota, Michigan and South killed." (Dr. Orlans in S n , Vol. 163, No. 3863.) Dakota. "But if some move toward a moral sanity in this par- ticular area of school life had been made, it is evident The Progressive Farmer Mo es o that much remains to be done." (John Hillaby, in h E Ca Cas a io S nt t, Vol. 41, No. 631.) (C nt n d fr Reprints of the two articles will be available to teachers He urges prompt assembling of all research data setting visiting the booth as will the manuals, n l up new specifications and a timetable for a new kind of r j t , St d n O r ll M l , and r t A d consumer preferred beef. Every beef producer, feeder, and nd C r f S ll An l . Single copies of each are free processing organization in the United States—along with to teachers. our colleges, research stations, and USDA grading authori- Last year the demand for AWI publications was great. ties — must be in agreement. The need to provide humane alternatives to teachers con- "We suggest that this is done in 1969 with January tinues to grow as ill-advised organizers of high school 0 as the target date for the ending of castration ex- competitions continue to foster the illusion that cruelty cept in cases of special need and demand. is no problem in these events. "The consumer has only one demand — he wants lean, tender beef. Lean beef produced by noncastrated animals fills that need admirably. AWI ESI E S EAKS A WES E "Then why don't we stop castration and fill that need?" S A ES E E I A Y CO E E CE, In a final Editor's note, Mr. Scruggs writes, "We feel CO E ME ICA SC OO this subject is so vital and compelling that h r r The Animal Welfare Institute appreciates the invita- v r r plans to call on every possible group and tions to speak extended to its president by- v,eterinary and organization with interest in the beef business to schedule medical groups. "Contributions of Veterinarians to Ani- discussions of castration during 1969 with the view of a mal Welfare" was the title of the speech made at the decision by January 1, 1970. In the meantime we invite Western States Veterinary Conference of the Intermoun- letters from everyone on this subject. Don't ignore the tain Veterinary Association, Las Vegas, Nevada, January subject any longer. Let us hear from you." 24 . " a o a o y A ima We a e" was e i e o e -Humanitarians should join in writing congratulatory semi a gi e a e a maco ogy e a me o Co e letters to h r r v r r, 546 Rio Grande Build- University Medical School in New York City, March 6th.
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q MORE CRUELTY AMONG TEENAGED su geo s a e i i g e e y a o e ai — i ee , SCIENCE STUDENTS i seems o e e sim emi e u ose o e c ass C ue i e e io s ( ey ca a y e ca e e o u e e ec o es i a e i ou w a ey e ime s y ig sc oo s u e s o ca i e a ima s a e e o i i e ic ims ai s. is is sc oo co i ue o e ewa e wi i es a i s a wo k a i i ge e a a o y sc oo , i i ge, u ici y as e o owi g e am es om ece sci Ca i o ia. e ce ai s, sc oo s a omo io a ac i i ies y e S v nt nth Ann l C ntr l Ind n S n r, Wes i g ouse Co o a io i ica e. A e same ime, Apr l 0, 6 , Ind n p l e e is a g owi g ecog i io a a a mus e ca o a o ec e i e , "A S u y o syc o e to ese g uesome o ec s o o e o ec io eu osis A isi g om us a io " a ig sc oo of the you g eo e i o e a o e a ima s ey u io wo a i o e I e a io a Scie ce ai mu i a e. e e i o ia from the Y r a o Wo , e as a a o e week c uise wi w ic a ea s o e i s age e esses i i s e U i e S a es a y. Acco i g o e I ia i e, " i es o o u e," e e u sio e mo e a a o is ews, A i 4, 6 , " e a ie e ec i mo e wi e y as a u e s a i g o w a is aki g ca s ocks o a s, c ea i g a ious eg ees o e ace eac es i c easi g um e s o oug u eo e. e ime a eu osis. is o es ca a ogue e s e s o owi g a e some cu e e am es : a esu e , suc as a com e e me a wi W t n h S n l nt S r h, M r h , awa om su ou i gs." 6 . Sh r t n r t l, W h n t n, .C. Y th l nt Exh b t, S n r, In h C nt , A eig ee yea o ig sc oo gi om n n , M h n, Apr l 6 , 6 o smou , i gi ia, is aye a graph s owi g A we e yea o gi i e 6 G a e i ow i e ouse s a ows was e away as s e ai su ge y o ee a s, cu i g musc e a s a e em o si ays. e s a eme : " i s o e o e ose e s i a co . I o e a s e a a e ike y o ie w e s a e o 0 o ei em e o cu e es ea i g o e a e . e o yweig ." e i s we e i e y emo i g a em esu e i a a y i g e a ima s i ei e i e eye a s, a oce u e s e sai s e a egs (see o og a wi e c i is i i g: wi esse i e a o a o y w e e s e a s e " a 2. 2 :26 s i a i e. Ma c 2 , 6 , 0 : 0 e summe . I o e is was e U i e si y o e was a a y e i is i egs. Ma c 24, 6 e as a Aus i w e e s e a go e o a a io a 20: 0 so ium e o a . 2.0cc ( 00 mg . 20: Scie ce ou a io g a . S e said she bought as ee ." e i a su i e a was o is the birds for 0 each. After the eyeless birds re- ay. S e a ea e ow o o e su ge y om covered from the anesthetic she placed them in a e a e , a oc o o Me ici e. Y-shaped box in which they could move toward is yea s u es o e I e a io a Scie ce ai food or toward an electric shocking device. She i c u e e o owi g : "S — o i e, wa m oo stated that in her next project with the birds she e a ima s may e is aye a e IS . o ec s i planned to "shock and injure them." She de- o i g e use o suc a ima s may is ay o o scribed the removal of the eyeballs as "gory" to a g a s, awi gs, c a s o g a s o i us a e e group including several children only six o eight yea s o age. A si ee yea o oy w o learned how to i sec mouse ai s a a summe sessio a ackso Memo ia a o a o ies, a a o , Mai e, e o me e o e a io (commissu o omy y im se o 2 mice w e e go ome agai . Mos o em ie . A se e ee yea o gi wo a Wes i g ouse i e o e o mi g ski g a s o o e th nd mice. ese ee wi e s we e gi e a ee i e ay ou of Was i g o i a i io o cas awa s o $2 0 eac . M tr p l t n S n r, Apr l 14, 1969, tr t, M h n A ou ee yea o gi ecei e a ou s a i g awa o a o ec ca e , " e E ec o ug A use o W i e Mice." S e ki e i e mice y gi i g em 2. mg. o e oi e mouse. O e mice we e e ose o ma i ua a ciga e e smoke u i o e mouse "we i sa e." I s ou e o e a o ca y ou e o ec , is you g gi a i e ossessio a amou o e oi su icie o si uma " i es." In Gl nd l , C l f rn , a u age ic u e s o y e i e "Ki g a . e Wea s a C ow So oo i S u e s Ca Ma is ai ," a ea e A i , 6 i e Gl n l l r . U e a o og a o a a s ea ow u to the size o a e ie s ace, the ,caption read: "Rat wea s e ec o e c ow . e does not ee a y ai ." e ow, you g oys o o g a e usi g s e eo a ic i s ume s, sca e s, y o e mic ee es a e ec o es o e a s a e s ow esse u i su gica masks, ca s a g o es. e ca io : "I o o a o e, a is sa e y e i ise o k.o. i ec io ." e accom a yi g a a i e e ai s a a s ai e i a Ski e o o ess a a o oo "wi quick y ea o o us e a " i e e ec o e e oys a e im a e i is ea is i "a ai ce e " a e cu e is u e o w e e es ses e a . a amic ai (i uce y im a a io o e ec o es Si G a e Who Won a Certificate of Merit as in e a amus as ee esc i e as e mos i a Brain Surgeon.. Su u e w i e a a ce i ica e, se o a ossi e ai . C ea y, ese ama eu ai , right, story, above. co i io s, e e o me s, a esu s o e i es iga e e i a y a o ogis s a Mic iga S a e U i e si y io s. is e imi a es e ee ess s i i g, ousi g, was ocume e i AWI I o ma io e o , o . , ca e, a m, iscom o o oss o a ima s." es i e e o. 2, a s owe e a use a o g su e i g o u e agai s e ac ua s owi g o i e a ima s, ow w ic e a ima a ee su ec e . e e , e a ima s co i ue o e mis ea e i o is yea , i wou seem a Scie ce Se ice was ec s e a e o e I e a io a Scie ce ai . isi aki g o c a ces o a simi a emo s a io o e o s o e o Wo IS May 6 we e s a e e a se emises o w ic i s omo io o c ue e e i sig o a ima s su e i g e a e e, u o o me s y u ai e you s is ase . o o y was e g a s a e o s ma e c ea e su e i gs a ima s 6 u e o i i i g is ay o a y i e a ima i a ee o ce o go oug i e a a io o ma y e ec , u a s ac s o e o ec s we e o y e y o e you s o ec s. a e y a ai a e, a e e y oo was e e e wi a A oy om e essee o e e mice a 6 am me a a e e i g e u ic om e e i g a ea s e s y ou i g iqui i oge o e em a e i g e ai s o e o ec s. ie o e i e em. I c i ike i i g e s ugg e o og a s o some o e is ays a e e o uce u success u y wi e E g is a s e i g i is i is I o ma io e o . ea e s a e u ge o e a ge sig s. o e am e : " oce u e. . S ecime s ess ei iews o e Wes i g ouse Co o a io , we e secu e y immo i a e (sic i ee i g a . 2. e i s u g , e sy a ia a o o ow oca scie ce iqui i oge was quick y ou e o em. . e ai s c ose y. i i g co sis e o e ec ica s ock i i e e ma ee co ies o e " u es a easo s" (See I e s. 4. ea a e ec i ie wa e oug a ou o ma io e o s, o . , os. 2 a w ic cou quicke eco e ies. S. S imu a s i o e e ea quick y c a ge c ue o ec s o uma e a scie i ic a e eco e y. S ecime s i e om a ew mi u es o o es a e a ai a e i qua i y om e A ima We a e se e a ou s." U e e ea i g " y o esis" a I s i u e. Use o ese s ee s o su o a o icy o o e a ge sig ea "S ecime s may es o wi ai ess o ec s o a oca scie ce ai s a ig ig s imu a . . E ec ica s imu i. 2. C emica s im sc oo io ogy eac i g cou e e you g eo e u i. . I a e (sic ea me ." i ca s a i g o ec s w ic cause ai o ea o a i I s o , is oy was ewa e o ai u y ee ma s. e AWI ma ua , " uma e io ogy o ec s," i g, ai u y e i i g a e wa c i g e ea is a ai a e ee o eques o a y sc oo eac e o a ago y o e sma ca i e a ima s om ous y esc i e cos ice o 0 o a y i i i ua i e es e i e i g u e e ge e a ea i g, " e E ec s o Sus e e o e cou age uma e a e a i uma e o ec s A ima io a eco e y i ig e Mamma s I uce y you g eo e i ei commu i ies. y C yoge ica Me o s." SE A E EA I GS O A oy om o i a esc i e is 2 yea o ec E A GE E S ECIES I S us : " e s u y i o e e su ec io o ogs a O May 4 a e i s ea i gs o e ew gui ea igs o a a y ac oi s ock a a a y ac ic E e gy, a u a esou ces a E i o me Su com s ock, es ec i e y." e o og a o e cowe i g mi ee o e Se a e Comme ce Commi ee we e e og, ea u y u i g i s ea away om e e so o e ee E a ge e S ecies i s e i g i e awi g oo om i was is aye a e oo . I U i e S a es Se a e. Se a o i i a ( ., Mic . es o se o a ques io e you u e e ime e e is C ai ma o e Su commi ee. ie , "I use e ogs o my se um sou ce, a I o y e i s a e S. , i o uce y Se a o a o su ge y o e ea ogs w o o su i e e Ya o oug ( ., e . i e ica o e i e o e is ami e s ock." e oes is a e Miami ea y e Se a e Comme ce Commi ee a e e o e esea c I s i u e a e sc oo . (see o o o age o e 68 Co g essio a Sessio S. 6 , i o uce y A oy om Mississi i ca e is e i i "A i icia Se a o ee Me ca ( ., Mo . i e ica o e i ea — A ew Co ce " a is e e si e su ge y asse y e ouse o e ese a i es ea ie as o a i s was s ow i e ai i o og a s a is yea a S. 280, i o uce y Se a o Wa e oo . Mag uso , ( ., Was . i e ica o . . 48 2, o A i gi ia you ace a s i a ise ike i s u ose y e U.S. e a me o e I e io is yea me (see o os o age o e a im a e e ec a i o uce y e ese a i e E wa Ga ma o es i ei ai s. ( ., M . i e ouse. A o e i s a e e ce A gi om e sy a ia i uce muscu a a o y e ea u es, a i ese goo o isio s a e a o e i a s a e o ce em o swim o e aus io . wi ou weake i g ame me s a ma k egis a io ese a e u a ew o e o ec s w ic i ic e ca e asse o e s o ecima io o e a is i g ai , ea a o ea o a ima s. e um e s o a ima s a i s oug ou e wo . suc o ec s a e i c ease si ce as yea s I e Co ies o e u is e ea i gs e e ua y a io a Scie ce ai a w ic AWI a o a o y A i a 20, 6 e o e a su commi ee o e ouse ma Co su a , o o y yce, a em e o sa e e Commi ee o Me c a Ma i e a is e ies o E yi g squi e mo key is aye a e oo o a a ge e S ecies i s a e ow a ai a e a may e we . As o . e os mo em e ami a io y o ai e y w i i g o a Commi ee, U.S. ouse o e ese a i es, Was i g o , .C. A goo i , . . 6 , was e o e ou o e su commi ee May . A a ic e i AWI I o ma io e o , o . 8, o. , com me s o ese ea i gs. MEMO IA O AC E CA SO h W maga i e, A i , 6 ca ie a a ic e y A Co e ee, 6 Sc wei e Me a is , e i e " e G ea Awake i g." iscussi g e og ess agai s o u io y es ici es a as ee ma e si ce u ica io o "Si e S i g," M s. ee sugges s a a a o ia e memo ia o ac e Ca so wou e a " ac e Ca so Wi i e e uge." esig a e y e Sec e a y o e I e io . Ma y e e s a e ee ecei e y Sec e a y icke om ea e s o M s. ee s a ic e u gi g a a e uge e ame o Miss Ca so . o ou yea s e o e e ea Miss Ca so was a mem e o e A iso y Commi ee o e A ima We a e I s i u e. e Sc wei e Me a was e se e o e i 62. iq U.S. .A. A O A O Y A IMA S e e a as i e, e essee a E ce sio S i gs, AI I G COU SE Missou i a a e o e e i e e , Co o a o a ou egio a ai i g cou ses a e u e way o os o , Massac use s. A ima ea i isio e so e w o a e ac i e i e o ceme o e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac , . . 8 44. o e e i a ia s a ay s a ake a i e wo ks o s a ea ec u es y e a o a o y A ima s s a . O e e ese a i e o eac o e ee ma o g ou s i o e , uma e o ga i a io s, scie i ic i s i u io s, a a ima ea e s, a ea s a eac o ese egio a mee i gs o gi e a a k a a swe ques io s. e i e y i e es i e o ems ose emo s a es e g ea i e es e me ake i ei wo k. Su ec s iscusse a e May 6 egio a mee i g a E ce sio S i gs, Missou i i c u e o e i s ay : u ose o e Cou se (Goa s ackg ou o u ic aw 8 44 A ea o es o si i i ies A i u es o uma e G ou s, esea c aci i ies, A ima ea e s a e a e I us y Comme s o Scie i ic a a e e ms o ose egu a io C a ges o g am eco s A ima We a e. O e seco ay : esea c aci i ies Mo ie "A ima s wi easo " I s ec io oce u es e Scie i ic Commu i y s iew oi o e Ac . O e i ay : e i i g ea e s e o i g A ege io a io s e ease o I o ma io ega i g a o a o y A ima s og am S a a s a I e e a io s e ea e s iew oi . O e ou ay : O ice o e Ge e a Cou se a O e Co ac s S a e e e ai i g o g ams Summa y o e og am. , Wo ks o o ems we e ese e ei e ic o i a y o as a a o e assesse a c i ici e wi ecom me a io s y eac o e wo ks o g ou s as o e es oce u es o a a e i uma e ac ices oug com ia ce wi e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac . e im o a ce o s eci ic a a a u e ai s we e emises o a ice se ea e ui o Com y s esse i e ai i g og am as was o se a io wi e S a a s omu ga e u e e o e a ima s emse es i e e y si ua io , a e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac , . . 8 44. a e me e ysica aci i ies i e a se ce o a i o e oomy qua e s, co s a a ai a i i y o oo , es ma occu a s. ai a su ig , goo sa i a io , e a e a i u e o e egio a ai i g cou ses a e ow ee co ogs
y ica og ea e emises i 6 , io o E ac me o e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac . o oo , o wa e , o wea e oo s e e , o sa i a io , ea a ima s amo g e i i g.
A IMA WE A E I S I U E Scientific Committee on Humane Standards for Research Animals Ma o ie A c e , . . . a a a O a s, . . Samue eacock, M. . ee . ice. . . ic o as Gim e , M. . ic a G. ea ce, . .M. e e e y, M. . au Kie a , M. . o Wa s , M. . International C tt Ma o C. W. ume, O. .E. , M.C., .Sc., M.I. io .—U i e Ki g om Sy ey e i gs, M. .C. .S., . .A.—Me ico . ousse e a c, . .— a ce a i ica o—Ca a a . E. We e g— e ma k Off r C is i e S e e s, esi e A e . G a cy, ., ice esi e o o y yce, a o a o y A ima Co su a Ma e ei e eme ma s, Sec e a y oge . S e e s, easu e a a a Gou , u ica io s Sec e a y MA I A IMA WE A E I S I U E
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US A AKES EGA AC IO AGAI S O SE O EC IO AC O 6 EE EA E S O IO A IO S Si ce 6 s e uous e o s a e ee ma e o u O E A O A O Y a e o e c ue ac ice k ow as "so i g" e A IMA WE A E AC essee Wa ki g o ses w e e y e o se s o ee i e ee cases a e e i g o a ege io a io s o a e e i e a e y ma e i e se y ai u so e ies o e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac , . . 8 44. A ca y is weig o is ack ee . e e a e aws i ou ceme s o ee cases we e issue y e U i e some s a es, i c u i g e essee, o i i i g so i g, S a es e a me o Ag icu u e u y , 8 a 22 u ese aws a e o ee e o ce . I 60, a we as o ows ocume e a ic e y A ice iggi s a ea e i Sports " ega ac io as ee ake agai s a ew Yo k Illustrated, a a ima we a e o ga i a io s oug a o a o y a ima ea e o s o im om u u e io ou e cou y soug o a e e ac ice s o e y a io s o e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac . e Ame ica o se S ows Associa io . ese e o s, "I a ou o cou se eme , e ea e , A u oo, me wi ai u e, oug e A SA as co i ue Ki cai o aye e i e, .Y., i ec o a o me o w i e a u is u es w ic , i e o ce , wou esi e o Ki wooci a m, I c. o Ma s i e, .Y., e e e ac ice i e s ows i ecog i es. I 6 , sig e a co se o e a mi i g o a c a ge o Se a o ose y i gs ( ., M . i o uce a i ousi g ogs i a i oo aci i y wi ou o i i g (Continued on page 2) su icie ea o o ec em om co . e ei e a mi e o e ie o e io a io s o e a me AME ICA E E I A Y ME ICA S a a s is e i a "cease a esis " o e issue ASSOCIA IO CO E IO y US A s u icia o ice . ese c a ges i c u e : A e ce e o ec w ic s owe g ea i e ec ua i a equa e e i a io , u sa i a y ousi g aci i ies, i ca aci y o e a o e s u e , ca e u s u y o a equa e e e i a y ca e, a i su icie oo a e ious wo k i e ie , a uma e esig o e wa e . e e ime a wo k, ecei e e ig es awa o e "US A oce u e is i a i io o a oca cou Ame ica e e i a y Me ica Associa io a e 20 ac io . e oca ac io a esu e om a com ai I e a io a Scie ce ai i o Wo , e as. is ma e y e US A i s ec o w e e isco e e e o ec was i eci e co as o c ue e e ime s eg ec o e ogs a e ime o i s ec io . e i o is ay e e (see I o ma io e o o . 8, s ec o ac e as a i a e ci i e o e e u e o. 2 . e A MA s wis om i e se ec io o a eg ec o ese a ima s u e a ew Yo k S a e a i o ec o is ca i e ese es comme a io y a c ue y aw. w o a e co ce e wi scie ce eac i g o icies. "Ki woo a m, I c., is o o ge a ea e i a o a " i a E ec s o S eci ic o i e e us Ce s i o y a ima s. owe e , y sig i g a "co se " o e , i o" was e i e o e e i i y 8 yea o . Ki cai is e oi e om o owi g e ac ices is e Wa e Em ic o es o , O a io, Ca a a. I was i e o e s ou e e e esume e usi ess o oug o e 06 A ua A MA co e io i se i g a ima s o esea c u oses. Mi ea o is w e e i was is aye wi o e scie i ic e i i s u y . e ooks o issue cu u e ega ac io as ee ake agai s a Wisco si me o s w ic you g Em ic s u ie io o u e a o a o y a ima ea e o s o im om u u e io aki g is o igi a o ec we e a so o is ay. a io s o e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac . AWI e ese a i es a e e e co e io a "I a ou o cou se eme , e ea e , Way e ese e a oo e i i ea e " ow e e i a ia s A e so o ic a Ce e , Wisco si , sig e a Ca e Make Scie ce ai s uma e." Ma y ac co se o e a mi i g a e is a ice se a ima i io e s w o a e ee wo ki g i e e e y owa ea e w o a ag ee o a i e y e o isio s o is goa s o e a e oo o ecou e e ie ces e Ac . o ei ow . o e am e, o e e e i a ia was ca e " e ei e a mi e o e ie io a io s o e y a you w o e ec e e o e im o e e o e a me S a a s is e i a cease a esis o e ow o a es e i e a og. e sai e a a o e o issue y US A s u icia o ice . ese c a ges i c o o o m ea y. Aske w y e wa e o a es e c u e : ousi g a ima :, i u sou e c osu es, ous i e e og, e e ie a i was i o e o am u a e i g a ima s i aci i ies wi ou o e ai age a i s eg is eac e , u a e o issua e im om is ousi g a ima s wi ou a e ec i e og am o e scie ce ai " o ec " a suggse e e ge e e i a y co o o mamma ia es s. a ice. I is case, e e e i a ia was a e o co i ce e oy a e s ou o ocee . I a o e "A ea i g a e as ee se o a a o a o y a ima case, a e e i a ia e use o a o e a o ec i ea e i ew e sey o a swe c a ges y e U.S. o i g a ea acemake i a og owe e , e was e a me o Ag icu u e a e io a e e a o a o e u e , a e o ec was si g e ou o a i e o y A ima We a e Ac . y e oca ea Associa io . " e y C is o O i ge, . . was c a ge A ou o e esea c a ima qua e s a e U i wi uyi g a s i i g ogs wi ou o e i e i i e si y o Mi eso a was a ai a e o ose a e i g e co e io . I was mos e cou agi g o o e e ca io , s i i g ogs i co ai e s a a e o easi y g ea im o eme s ma e i ysica aci i ies o e accessi e o eme ge cy emo a o e a ima s, a sea c a ima s si ce o og a s we e ake y AWI ucki g ogs i co ai e s wi ou i e e i g oo s e ese a i es i 6 . ogs a goa s we e o e o e e e a ima s om co ami a i g ogs o ouse i s acious e s o ooms wi ou cages. W e e owe e e s. ogs we e cage , e si e o cages o a ge ogs a " e c a ges a a swe s wi e ea a a ea i g ea e o e ou e . Ca s we e o i e wi es i g o e e i e sey Ci y, . . o Se em e 24 e oa s a a e e e mi i g em o um u om e o e US A s ea i g E ami e . oo o e cage. a s o a ew ui i g i c u e a " e ea e was o i ie o e com ai y US A. ce a os o e a i e a ea w e e a a ima s eco e (Continued on page 2 i g om su ge y ca ecei e i e si e e e i a y ca e. o se o ec io Ac o 6 EW MEM E O AWI (C nt n d fr p . I E A IO A COMMI EE o o i i i e s a e s i me o so e o ses, u e . . G. A ika i es w o o s eg ees i e e i i o come o ea i gs. Ea ie is yea , e i a y me ici e a aw as oi e e I e a io a Se a o soug e a ice o e U.S. e a me o Commi ee o e A ima We a e I s i u e. . A i Ag icu u e i e a i g a i wi im o e e o ce ka i es esi es i A e s a wo ks ac i e y wi e me o isio s. G eek A ima We a e u w ic e as se e as O u y seco , Se a o y i gs i o uce S. 2 4 , e e i a y co su a si ce 62. is yea e ou e e o se o ec io Ac o 6 , wi e o owi g e G eek Socie y o a o a o y A ima s. co s o so s : Se a o s C i o . Case ( ., . . , C ai o e e ( ., . I. , e i gs a o ( ., . A ika i es is e au o o a um e o sci W. a. , Wi iam . S o g, . ( ., a. , S om e i ic a ic es i c u i g a se ies o e iew a ic es o u mo ( ., S. C. , a Ya o oug ( ., e . ma u i io i c ogs, u is e i " e e e ic a S e e M. You g ( ., O io . e e i a y Me ici e e iew." A a ic e e i e A i e ica i was i o uce i e U.S. ouse "Scie i ic a E ica es o si i i ies Associa e wi o e ese a i es y Co g essma G. Wi iam W i e e Use o E e ime a A :ma s" is ei g u is e u s ( ., a. . e i s a es "A o se s a e co i e Mi i a y Me ica e iew. I i c u es . A i si e e o e so e i , o e u ose o a ec i g i s ka i es ema ks o e ou i g mem e s o e gai , a is e i g age as ee a ie i e a y o G eek Socie y o a o a o y A ima s a i s i s mee e e a y o a y o e egs, a k es, ee , o o e a s i g a emoc i os uc ea esea c Ce e . Au o o e o se, o i u s, cu s, o ace a io s a e ee o "IC A, e C ea io o a I e a io a Scie i ic i ic e o e o se, o i a c emica age , o acks, O ga i a io i G eece," . A ika i es a e e ai s o we ges a e ee use o e o se, o i a y e ece co e e ce o e I e a io a Commi ee o e me o o e ices a e ee use o e o se, o a o a o y A ima s i Was i g o , c w e e i c u i g u o imi e o c ai s o oo s w ic may co su a io wi e ese a i es o e A ima We easo a y e e ec e cu e y ( o esu i ysi a e I s i u e e o is oi i g e A ima We a e ca ai o e o se w e wa ki g, o i g, o o e I s i u e I e a io a Commi ee. wise mo i g, o (2 o cause e eme ea o is ess o e o se." AWI OO E I I S A AME ICA Comme i g o e easo w y o ses a e ei g A IMA OS I A ASSOCIA IO A su ec e o suc ai i ic io , Se a o y i gs sai : I E A IO A COMMI EE O " e e essee Wa ki g o se s ack s i e is o g A O A O Y A IMA S i s o ee a e y ouc e g ou , s i gi g u e week o A i se e oug wo im o a wa o a o g a ig i ie s e o wa k. a ima mee i gs o Was i g o , .C., e Ame ica "Wi ca e u ai i g e gai o a e essee wa ke A ima os i a Associa io co e io a e Was ca e e e o e a i s i e i e a ima so a i g o i o , a e I e a io a Commi ee o i s mo eme is o a o o ga o , u a e a quick a o a o y A ima s Sym osium a e S o e am a ig s e i g wa k. e ce e ame. o e . e A ima We a e I s i u e ese e e " owe e , u sc u u ous ow e s a ai e s o i i s a o , A i 8 , a is i u e AWI ma u ese o ses a e isco e e a i e o ee o a s a o e i e a u e o u e s o i e es e e e e e essee Wa ki g o se a e e i e a e y ma e i a ia s, scie is s, a o e s associa e wi e wo so e, e wi i em quick y a ake a o g, s i i g g ou s. s e o wa . is, o cou se, is e esi e gai . e ags o cou ies e ese e o e I.C. .A. o ac ice o u ose y maki g e ee so e, commo y g am ew om e o o e AWI e i i o e a sig : e me so i g makes u ecessa y e o g a i "Sa u e o I.C. .A. S eake s. e A ima We a e icu ai i g e io usua y equi e o e e es I s i u e is ou o oi i we comi g scie is s w o see wa ke . W y o e o ai a o se w e you ca a e ma e im o a co i u io s o e we a e o i o uce e gai a i icia y " a o a o y a ima s." A ic es o i e o AWI y e Se a o e esc i e e me o s use o s eake s om e e e a s, Swi e a , G ea i uce se e e ai a co c u e : "So i g as a ac i ai a e U i e S a es we e ea u e , i c u i g ice s ou a e ee ou awe yea s ago. I is a e e wo k o . 0. Mi ock o e e e a s Ca asi g a u ecessa y c ue y. I equi es e e a ce I s i u e s owi g owe e i ci e ce o mamma y o i i io ." ca ce i mice a owe com a io s i a s ace o ea i gs o S.2 4 a e ee sc e u e o Se em e e cise a socia i a io as co as e wi c ow e e e o e e Su commi ee o E e gy, a u a o iso a e mice. e wo k o . M. W. o o Was esou ces a e E i o me o e Se a e Com i g o U i e si y i S . ouis was ea u e wi o o me ce Commi ee. g a s om AWI ma ua s C f rt bl Q rt r f r ea e s o e I o ma io e o w o a e i e b r t r An l a An l Expr n , e o es e i ea i g mo e a ou e ig o e e me s owi g success u mai e a ce o co o ies o essee Wa ki g o se may o ai i o ma io om gui ea igs, a i s a ca s i ooms wi ou cages e esi e o e Ame ica o se o ec io As u o i e wi e i ems ee e y eac s ecies : socia io , M s. au M. wy e, 6 i e e oa , a sc a c i g a c im i g ee o ca s, a a i icia G ea a s, i gi ia 220 0. M s. wy e, au o o u e wi access o es o a i s, am s a o e e c a e o o ses i e A ima We a e I s i u e a gi g s e es o gui ea igs. Some o . o s ook, "A ima s a ei ega ig s," as e o e o og a ic eco s o is s u ies o a ima syc o mo e e o a a y o e a ima we a e wo ke o ogy a e i c u e i An l Expr n , a e co e cam aig o e o m e essee Wa ki g o se c u i g a ag a was ow u a e e i i o easy ai i g. ea i g : "C oss e eag e u s e oyi g e e cise i om ei e essio s, o e ca see, om e o ig , USDA Takes Legal Action i quisi i e ess o e o a o y e a io , e o owi g (C nt n d fr p es o se, a e a e , ea y o go e essio e e i e a a swe wi e US A ea i g C e k s ec i e y. is i us a es e e ome o o socia i a eques i g a o a ea i g. io wi ma a e ee o socia i e ac io a " e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac w ic we e o a io . A ogs ee com a y, ei e uma o i o e ec i 6 i ec s e Sec e a y o Ag icu u e wi ei ow s ecies, ecause ey a e i s i c i e y o egu a e e a s o a io , a i g, a sa e i socia a ima s, a ey o es o o i m u ge e i e s a e comme ce o ogs a ca s, a o o i e a i g a e uma oice. ack o a i g a a e o ce s a a s o e uma e ea me o ei g ke i a ke e o mos o i s i e wi cause ogs, ca s, ams e s, mo keys, a i s, a gui ea igs a og o ecome wi aw , imi , a ea i e , a use i esea c . e Ac is a mi is e e y e A i e may e e e e o s e eo y e eu o ic aci g ma ea i isio o US A s Ag icu u a esea c mo eme s a asocia au is ic ike (i.e., sc i o e ic Se ice," eac io s. ogs ee com a y, a ec io , a a ic e i o me , u o i e es i g s imu i a o i i g og am—ma y o em ecause ey i o ca e o a equa e e e cise. Wi ou ese, e og wi ege a e o cou o com y wi US A equi eme s o a e e i g u o is i a e co s i u io , wi e ea i g i ogs a ca s. come i s i u io a i e o ke e i e a may e e o " ess a wo yea s a e e Ac we i o e ec . se e e a i cu a e e a io a iso e s, e sym US A a ice se 204 ea e s i S a es a Was oms o w ic may o may o e e ea e o e y i i g o , .C. I a i io , esea c o ga i a io s is e essio s as e ies o agi a e y mo es i is a a ou , 00 i e e oca io s i 4 S a es, cage." o og a s o ou oo eag e ke e s wi Was i g o , .C. a ue o ico, we e egis e e a ge ou si e e s use a e U i e si y o Ca i o ia u i g e same e io . US A i s ec o s co i ue o a a is we e s ow i co ec io wi e s eec o ook o o ice se ea e s a o egis e e e .. . . McKe ie. A so ea u e we e e cage ess sea c aci i ies. ca oom a A i g o a m, o o ow , Sa is u y, " e egis e e esea c aci i ies use a mos E g a a i s oomy we e e gui ea ig cages, mi io ogs a o e 00,000 ca s u i g e i s o i us a e i C f rt bl Q rt r f r b r t r wo yea s o e Ac . O is o a , o e 00,000 ogs An l . ese we e co i u io s o a o e IC A a o e 2 0,000 ca s we e o i e y ice se ea s eake , . . S. a e so . A 6 Swiss sym osium e s. e emai e we e o ai e om e em e o " e E i o me o a o a o y A ima s a i s sou ces o we e ea e y e esea c aci i ies. S a a i a io i io ogica es s" e o e o y " o ea e s a esea c aci i ies a e ee u IC A s eake , . W. . Wei e o e I s i u e o g a i g ei a ima ousi g a a i g. Some ysio ogy i e , a ea e i AWI I o ma io e am es: e o o . 2, o. w ic a so e o e o e AWI "A ea e s e $40,000 u g a i g is aci i ies. s o so e isi o M . Geo ge o e o e a o a o y is i c u e : e aci g a i a i a e ame A ima s u eau i G ea i ai , e u e e i ui i g wi a co c e e s uc u e a mee s ec io o . W. a e e e , a o e IC A s eake . US A s a a s, a 2 e aci g a o uck e i e es i e a ima s emse es w ic AWI wi a ew uck co s uc e o com y wi o u ee wo ke s a s a w o ma e e oo s a a s o a s o i g a ima s. ou amo g ose a e i g e sym osium was e "A ea e emo is e a u e is o ui cou agi g. Ma y s o e a e oo o o ai AWI i gs a e ace em wi a ew maso y ui u ica io s a o iscuss e ea me o a o a o y i g co ai i g ea , sa i a y, i si e ou si e e s a ima s a e g . a u s. A e Ame ica A ima os i a Associa io oo "A a ge u i e si y e ui a a ge o io o i s e em asis was o e e io o c ue e e ime s a ima qua e s o o i e i si e ou si e u s o y ig sc oo s u e s. e e i a ia s a ei wi es ogs o e ace e ious y i a equa e cages. A a is a ge co e io e esse g ea i e es i o e u i e si y e ui i s e i e a ima aci i ies e i g o cu is ee ess c ue y. e co i u io s a ey ow e cee US A mi imum equi e o e e i a ia s o a ima we a e was em asi e i me s." is co ec io i e u ica io s a is ay a e Co ies o e ea e may e o ai e y w i i g o : oo . A ima ea i isio " e e e i a y ac i io e a e a o a o y Ag icu u a esea c Se ice A ima We a e Ac " sig u e i e e co i u io s U.S. e a me o Ag icu u e o e o essio wi es ec o im o eme s i e ya s i e, Ma y a 20 82 ca e a ea me o esea c a ima s i ea e s e mises a a o a o ies. A IMA WE A E I S I U E e uma i y o e e e i a y o essio is e O OSES OGE S A I S I mos ac ica , o e u mo eme o e as qua e Co g essma au oge s ( ., a. a Se a o ce u y. e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac a i s aco K. a i s ( ., .Y. agai i o uce a i o ago is s, e e o e mem e s o e U.S. e a oi y o u e 8 o ame e u ic ea Se me o Ag icu u e s A ima ea i isio , some ice Ac e a i g o a o a o y a ima s. ew c a ges 800 o w om a e e e i a ia s, as accom is e i a e ee ma e i e i ey i s i o uce i 6 wo yea s mo e o ec io o mo e a use a ima s w ic ai e owi g o wi es ea o osi io . O y o e a a y u e e e a uma e S aug e Ac as su s a ia c a ge was ma e : as sessio s i e e o e e o e. wi a sec io e ea i g e ma o co e age o e a o a o y A ima We a e Ac , . . 8 44. I wou US A U IS ES EA E a e emo e au o i y o se s a a s a i s ec O . . 8 44 esea c aci i ies om e U.S. e a me o Ag i As a se ice o ow e s o ogs a ca s, e U i e cu u e. I s ea , e au o i y wou a e ee es e S a es e a me o Ag icu u e as u is e a i e e a me o ea , E uca io a We a e. ea e e i e , " e a o a o y A ima Ac — ow is yea s i as o e e e ea o isio s w ic i o ec s You og a Ca ." o owi g a e e we e so s o g y isa o e , u i i es au o i y ea i gs : " o ec i g A ima s om e uma e e wee e wo e a me s. Ca e a ea me o A ima s : E o ci g e Ac : e e a me o Ag icu u e as o e suc a Accom is me s— i s wo Yea s W a Ow e s ou s a i g e o ceme o , o ai i g com ia ce Ca o o o ec ei A ima s : e o e e is os ai y a i m y, u e e o isio s o e a o a o S o e : I You e is Missi g." o y A ima We a e Ac a o u iase e so ac I o ma io o e ea e was su ie y US A s quai e wi i s eco was wi i g o cu o e A ima ea i isio . I s a es i a : "US A au o i y i as use so wise y a we . ose w o, a ima ea i s ec o s make eque u a ou ce o easo s o ei ow , a e oug a ou yea cam isi s o ea e s a esea c aci i ies o make su e aig agai s i s ec io o a o a o ies y e a a s a a s a egu a io s a e ei g o owe i me o Ag icu u e e e i a ia s a e a o a o a i io o c ecki g o e a i g, ca e a ea a ew s a ce. ey ow ack a i o co ai a me o a ima s, US A i s ec o s i es iga e sus u e mi e U.S. .A. es o si i i y. e A ima We ec e og o ca s ea i g cases ase o com ai s a e I s i u e o oses e 6 oge s a i s i o ecei e . ice se ea e s a esea c aci i ies a e e same asic easo s a i o ose e 6 e sio . equi e o e mi i s ec io o ei a ima s a e i as o a ac e muc co sis e su o . eco s y au o i e US A e so e a a y easo Ma y o as sessio s co s o so s o e e i a e ime. is yea . O e i y o U.S. e ese a i es w o "I e o ci g e Ac , US A as u co e e ume e ei ames o e i i 6 , o y a ou a ous sus ec e io a io s. Ma y o e cases a e ee qua e o em a ea o e 6 ouse i . Mos eso e wi ou e ee o cou ac io . owe e , o e 6 co s o so s we e ew y ec ui e , a o e US A as ou i ecessa y o i e c a ges i some o ose is e as a co s o so , o . Wi iam oom . cases a is s i i es iga i g o e s. O e 0 ea e s ie ( ., Mic . i o au o i e use o is ame we ou o usi ess u i g e i s wo yea s o e a wis es i o e k ow a e is o a co s o so . O A IO S EE E O the corners of the mouth." E ACE I S A O U E The Animal Welfare Institute will accept contribu- O SES, O KEYS A MU ES tions for this purpose and forward them to SPANA, The following information provided by the Society or contributions may be sent directly to : Society for for the Protection of Animals in North Africa is pub- the Protection of Animals in North Africa, 15 Buck- lished in the hope that many readers of the Informa- ingham Gate, London, S.W. 1, England. tion Report will wish to send money to purchase the humane bits which are being given to poor owners of horses, donkeys and mules in return for the type of bit pictured below. In this way, bits which cut the animals causing them constant pain, are permanently removed, and, at the same time, a comfortable bit is supplied and used. A contribution of $15 will provide 20 animals with pain-free bits. The Society is seeking I G I to send 12,000 bits yearly to North Africa. This is the most com- The Society states : "Horses, donkeys and mules mon Bit in use in o A ica. e are all too frequently found in the souks or are brought i g is ace i o into hospitals with the most appalling injuries to the e mou , wi e mouth, tongue and jaws caused solely by the use of o wa a o e i g ( e es i g o native bits. . . . In June, 1966 SPANA began to at- e " a s" and a tack with all means in our power the continued use c oss e i si e o e mou . of these cruel bits." Six thousand comfortable bits e " o gue" o e have been distributed in North Africa by SPANA. i , o w ic e Observers for the Society were "greatly encouraged ei s a e a ac e su ies e e e to discover how keen the owners of animals are to age. e s a u acquire one of our bits. The sad thing is that supply e e ge o e is nothing like equal to the demand. However, in No- " o gue" e y soo o uces a as y vember, 1968 our Society was put in touch with one so e i e of the largest manufacturers of saddlery hardware in c i g oo e, w ic England, with whom a contract bas been negotiated to ge s og essi e y wo se. make a snaffle bit to our own specification, ideally suited to the needs of animals in North Africa. These bits of forged nickel-plated steel should last out the This Bit, e ac y as 'life of many donkeys and mules. Being slightly curved s ow , was ac ua y and non-jointed it is the most comfortable and humane ake y e w i e om e mou o bit possible and can neither pinch the tongue nor gall a mu e s a i g i a Ma akec o ouk i Ma c o is yea . I wi e o ice a o e e o e o e ei s (cu w e e i was emo e is as e e o e wi e i g oug w ic asse e mu e s o gue e o e ei (o ig is ie o o e o e "ca o s" o e i . e o gue a e co e s o e A A IE I E mu e s mou we e a y i u e . e a s o e mou we e e S. .A. .A. OS I aw. e was s a i g, harnessed to is ca , is ea ow o e A , A A g ou , a a s ea y s eam o oo a sa i a oo e om his bleeding lips. On ei g a oac e e squea e and nearly e o gue is e e kicked e o om ou o e ca , u o a i g e i emo e , ei g e o aci i his whole attitude changed to quietness and complete amenability. a e ea me . A ic im o a i e i s. E A GE E S ECIES I ASSES OUSE Every member of the House Subcommittee headed by Congressman John Dingell (D., Mich.) which held hearings on the Endangered Special bills, joined in co- sponsoring H.R. 11363, a clean bill incorporating use- ful suggestions presented at the hearings. The bill was unanimously approved by the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, and, on July 21st, it passed the U.S. House of Representatives by unanimous consent.
Si ousa o ese The bill would prohibit importation into the United s a e i s, ma u States of any species that has been determined by the ac u e o S. .A. .A. s s ecia Secretary of the Interior to be threatened with extinc- o e , a e ea y o tion on a worldwide basis except under special permit is a c o o from the Secretary. For additional information on the A ica. bill, see Information Report, Vol. 18, No. 1.
A IMA WE A E I S I U E Scientific Committee on Humane Standards for Research Animals Ma o ie A c e , . . F. Barbara Orlans, Ph.D. Samuel Peacock, M.D. ee . ice, . . Nicholas Gimbel, M.D. Richard G. Pearce, D.V.M. e e e y, M. . Paul Kiernan, M.D. John Walsh, M. . International Committee T. G. Antikatzides, D.V.M.—Greece David Ricardo—Canada Major C. W. Hume, 0.B.E., MC., B.Sc., M.I. Biol.—United Kingdom P. Rousselet-Blanc, D.V.—France Sydney Jennings, M.R.C.V.S., D.V.A.—Mexico N. E. Wernberg—Denmark Officers Christine Stevens, President Alfred R. Glancy, Jr., Vice-President Dorothy Dyce, Laboratory Animal Consultant Madeleine Bemelmans, Secretary Roger L. Stevens, Treasurer Barbara Gould, Publications Secretary BURMA A IMA WE A E I S I U E 4 S M,4k ,MOMM IUM IM2M.....MMIUMMI IIIMOS
.O. o 3492, Grand Central Station, New York, N.Y. 10017
October, November, December, 1969 Vol. 18, No. 4
SC WEI E ME A ESE E O CO G ESSMA W I E U S S A WAYMA Y I O UCES I E I S O SE A O I I A A IMA WE A E The 1969 Albert Schweitzer Medal of the Animal Wel- Congressman G. William Whitehurst, before his elec- fare Institute was awarded to Stan Wayman, f photo- tion to the 91st Congress was professor of history and giapher, whose expressive photographs of animals have Dean of Students at Old Dominion College, Norfolk, helped to change the attitudes of many readers of f Virginia. He also conducted a television series of inter- toward the creatures Mr. Wayman has so feelingly de- views and news commentary. Congressman Whitehurst, a picted. "Concentration Camp for Dogs" started with the Republican, has taken leadership in the field of animal pitiful "Lucky," a cringing canine wreck bought at a small welfare legislation with a series of five bills. Of great dog auction in Oklahoma by Animal Welfare Institute significance to readers of the Information Report is his Laboratory Animal Consultant, Dorothy Dyce. bill, H.R. which would extend the protection of Mr. Wayman photographed the white wolves of Baf fin the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act, P.L. 89-544, to a Island for f , staying in the wilds for months in order much larger number of animals. The bill would empower to obtain the magnificent photographs of these rare and the Secretary of Agriculture to set standards of adequate threatened animals — on which there is still a bounty veterinary care, humane handling and housing for every though only about two hundred individuals remain in the kind of warm-blooded animal in laboratories, dealers' world. Mr. Wayman swam underwater with his camera premises, the pet trade, zoos and circuses and in transit. taking close-up photographs of whales and found them to It would include these animals throughout their entire be so kindly disposed that they carefully avoided striking stay in the laboratory, removing the exemption in the pre- him with their huge flippers that could destroy a man at sent law for animals under actual research or experimenta- a single incautious stroke. "Operation Gwamba," in which tion. It would include those dealers in primates, also ex- John Walsh led a rescue party to save the animals being empt under the present law, who do not sell dogs or cats flooded out in Surinam when a dam was built, attracted in commerce. This is an area badly in need of regulation Mr. Wayman who photographed deer, sloths and other for there is great suffering and loss of life in the massive creatures as they were lifted from the water. Their faces monkey imports now being made for the laboratory, pet showing the ravages of fear and hunger were also photo- and zoo trades. graphed after recovery and some of these appear in the By bringing all varieties of warm-blooded animals under AWI publication, "Animal Expressions" to which Mr. the protection of the experienced veterinary inspectors of Wayman generously contributed. the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal Health Di- In introducing Senator Hart, Mrs. Stevens said: vision, the federal standards of care and housing, which have done so much to reduce needless suffering of the "It is a very great pleasure to introduce Senator Hart animals now covered under P.L. 89-544, would apply to who will present the Schweitzer Medal for 1969 to Stan all mammals and birds that can be included in federal Wayman. Senator Hart's leadership in conservation and legislation because they move in interstate commerce or in battles against pollution is well known. He is Chair- are used by an institution receiving federal funds. man of the new Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Re- sources, and the Environment which has taken over the (C nt. n p 2 former fish and wildlife jurisdiction. He conducted the Endangered Species Bill hearings which, as you know, O SE O EC IO AC ASSE ended in its successful enactment into law. This spring he Y U.S. SE A E conducted hearings on the effects of pesticides on fish dur- At the September 17th hearings on the o se o ec Act of 1969 before the Senate Commerce Committee's ing the course of Which Senator Nelson said, 'I think as a io Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources and the En- general proposition it could be said, correctly, that of all vironment, John Seigenthaler, editor of one of Tennessee's the issues that confront the country and the world, includ- leading newspapers, h hv ll nn n, accom- ing issues as important as war and peace may be, or hunger, panied by Jim Squires, City Editor, Wendell Rawls, sports that there really is not any single issue that confronts all writer, Jack Corn and Jimmy Ellis, photographers for the (C nt. n p 4)' paper, presented testimony which no opponent of the legislation could hope to refute, for it was so complete and fully documented. "COM A A I E A ES ESIA I Senator Joseph Tydings, chief Senate sponsor of the A O A O Y A IMA S" bill, opened the hearings. He stated that the "walk" of the U IS E I Tennessee Walking Horse "may be achieved through pa- E E A IO OCEE I GS tient, careful training and is the result of both the trainer's The Veterans Administration has made a most valuable skill and the horse's natural breeding. Unfortunately, how- contribution to laboratory animal welfare by preparing a ever, it was discovered about 20 yea s ago a , i e o monograph on anesthesia which combines practicality with e, o e o se were deliberately made sore, the intense sound research and scholarship and makes available accurate pain which the horse suffered when placing his forefeet information on this vitally important subject to scientific on the ground would cause him to lift them up quickly institutions throughout the country. and thrust them forward reproducing exactly the desired Published by the Federation of Societies for Experi- gait." mental Biology in the July-August, 1969 issue of d r Senator Tydings said, "S.2543 is a refined version of t n r d n , the 222 age work embodying 32 chap- a bill I first introduced in May 1966 and then again, with ters by different authors, was planned by the Committee a new Congress, in May 1967. To simplify enforcement for the Preparation of a Technical Guide for Comparative programs, it focuses on the horse show, rather than on the Anesthesia in Laboratory Animals. Members of the Com- individual horse which is shipped interstate. This allows mittee are Elliott V. Miller, M.D., Chairman; Max Ben, the Agriculture e a me to administer the law without Ph.D.; Jules S. Cass, D.V.M.; Ralph L. Kitchell, D.V.M.; unreasonable burden, and it properly places a responsibility (C nt. n p on those persons conducting a horse show, as well as those 2 who participate in it." to the full Senate. It was passed by unanimous consent Calling upon Dr. Francis J. Mulhern, Deputy Adminis- on December 18th by the Senate. trator for regulatory and control programs of the Agri- In the House of Representatives twenty members have cultural Research Service, to give the Department of Agri- sponsored the Horse Protection Act. They are: Hon. G. culture's report, Senator Tydings asked if the Department William Whitehurst (R., Va.), Hon. Edward P. Bo- would enforce the bill vigorously if it were enacted. Dr. land (D., Mass.), Hon William Broomfield (R., Mich.), Mulhern replied affirmatively, stating of the soring of Hon. J. Herbert Burke (R., Fla.), Hon. Don H. horses, "We think it is a deplorable practice which needs Clausen (R., Cal.), Hon. Samuel L. Devine (R., to be stopped. We would take the action necessary to do it." Ohio), Hon: Don Edwards (D., Cal.), Hon. Thomas S. Senator Tydings then called upon Mr. Seigenthaler who Foley (D., Wash.), Hon: William D. Hathaway (D., placed in the record of the hearings a series of articles Me.), Hon. James J. Howard (D., N.J.), Hon. John published by The Nashville Tennessean to coincide with Jarman (D., Okla.), Hon. Thomas S. Kleppe (R., N. the annual National Tennessee Walking Horse Celebra- Dak.), Hon. Peter N. Kyros (D., Me.), Hon. Allard K. tion at Shelbyville. Mr. Seigenthaler said, "There are strong Lowenstein (D., N.Y.), Hon. John M. Murphy (D., N. laws on the books in Tennessee dealing with some of the Y.), Hon. Richard L. Ottinger (D., N.Y.), Hon. Albert problems, particularly with the question of `soring' walk- H. Quie (R., Minn.), Hon. Fred Schwengel (R., Iowa), ing horses. But the practice persists. That is why it is the Hon. John M. Slack (D., W. Va.), Hon. William L. editorial opinion of The Nashville Tennessean and my Springer (R., Ill.) and Hon. Robert 0. Tiernan (D., R.I.). own personal opinion, that the Federal legislation now pending before this committee is important and necessary Co g essma W i e u s I o uces to improve — indeed, to save — the Tennessee Walking Horse, both as an institution and as an industry." i e i s o A ima We a e (Cont. from page 1) Mr. Rawls stated, "Based on our investigation, which The bill should help to close loopholes through which continued through last evening at the Tennessee State Fair stolen dogs or cats enter either the research or pet trade, horse show and will continue indefinitely, we conclude: for many dealers and pet shops sell animals for both pur- 1. That soring is the rule rather than the exception in the poses. There has been considerable concern, oo, about the Tennessee walking horse industry. 2. That though clearly source of some of the cats sold to biological supply in violation of Tennessee law and the laws of other States, houses. The existing law does not cover dealers who col- soring is a common practice among professional and ama- lect cats for this purpose because they are killed before teur trainers, especially those that compete in Tennessee being shipped across state lines and therefore do not fit shows. 3. That many of these trainers candidly admit the definition of living animals used for research pur- they have been soring horses, saying it is necessary for them poses. The Whitehurst bill would cover these animals. to compete in shows and necessary for the continued There is a long-standing need for decent standards for growth in popularity of the breed. 4. That soring results dside zoos throughout the United States. The White- in continuing pain for the animal throughout his life as a hurst bill would provide minimum standards for these show horse, causing raw and bleeding wounds which in wherever interstate commerce is involved. Traveling men- time become hardened callouses that not only disfigure the ageries and circuses in which wild animals are too often horse permanently but in some cases result in permanent cooped up in cramped cages and kept under unsanitary, injury. 5. That the exaggerated gait or stride produced by unhealthful conditions, would be included in the bill. soring, which has become the symbol of the Tennessee walker, is in reality unnatural to the horse and a fraud. Pet shops selling animals which had been imported from 6. That soring has been a major contributor to the growth outside the country, or from another state, would be sub- of other industry problems and it is considered by many ject to inspection. The increasing shipment of animals by to be the root of all its evils." air to pet shops, by both importers and breeders, under- A series of photographs of the feet of horses that had lines the need for such standards. been sored were shown to the subcommittee, and color The bill is a simple, straightforward one which aims at slides taken at the Celebration were thrown on the screen. a single goal: to increase the humane coverage of the A number were taken in the ring as the grooms dropped Laboratory Animal Welfare Act so that more animals can the boots covering the animals' pasterns. Evidence of sor- benefit from its tested effectiveness in stopping abuse and ing of the world champion and other horses competing neglect. with him on the night he was selected was included. Mr. Those who wish to read the bill in full should write Rawls commented on the slides as they were shown, point- to the House Document Room, The Capitol, Washington, ing out the raw spots and the effects of the chains rubbing D.C. and request a copy of H.R. 13957. on the feet after application of burning chemical agents. O e A ima We a e i s I o uce y A sore Tennessee Walking Horse bought at the Sale Co g essma W i e u s of Champions near the Celebration grounds, was brought In addition to H.R. 13957, Congressman Whitehurst to the park behind the Senate Office Building and the has sponsored four other bills to advance the welfare of andition of its feet observed at firsthand. Mrs. Pearl animals. Twyne, President of the American Horse Protection As- H. Con. Res. 4 reads as follows: "Concurrent Reso- sociation, which owns the horse, "Papa Charcoal," also lution, Resolved by the House of Representatives (the brought samples of the chains and rollers, of the oil of Senate concurring), That it is the sense of the Congress mustard and a commercial burning preparation called that the President, acting through the United States dele- "Reach" which ,is advertised "to make a champion." gation to the United Nations, should take such steps as Putting the chains on exhibit, she said, "These are black may be appropriate to urge the United Nations to initiate because lamp black has been used to hide the blood on the establishment of international criteria for determining the horses' feet. These chains are put on the pastern area endangered species of wildlife; the establishment and and weigh over a pound, and they ride up and down on maintenance of international lists of endangered species these blistered areas until — you saw the horse outside. of wildlife; and the establishment of international stand- Tl iose scars result from these chains." ards for the humane treatment of animals." This is the Animal Welfare Institute testimony supported Mrs. first time that a proposal for establishment of international Twyne's testimony, documenting unsuccessful attempts to humane standards has been made. obtain voluntary action against soring. Congressman Whitehurst is the chief House Sponsor of Testimony presented for the National Walking Horse the Horse Protection Act of 1969 to prohibit the move- Trainers Association of Shelbyville, Tennessee by its Ex- ment of horses which are "sored" in interstate commerce. ecutive Secretary, Jack Short, opposed the Horse Protec- His bill for this purpose is . . 12438. tion Act, stating that his Association "was formed for the In August, Congressman Whitehurst introduced H.R. purpose of cleaning up the walking horse business," and 13371 to require the Secretary of the Interior to make a that federal legislation was not needed. comprehensive study of the polar bear, seal, walrus, and The Senate Commerce Committee chaired by Senator cetaceans for the purpose of developing adequate con- Warren Magnuson (D., Wash.) decided otherwise, how- servation measures. ever, and after careful consideration reported a strong bill (Cont. on following page) „ 4, 3 Finally, Mr. Whitehurst introduced a bill to improve MO E S A E AW A O E Y U.S. conditions in zoos through the creation of a government A IMA EA ASSOCIA IO organization empowered to act along the lines of the A proposed Model Law designed to supplement the Federal Housing Administration in order to facilitate need- Federal Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (P.L. 89-544), ed building to give animals the space and comfort they to provide standards for the care of animals in animal need. The bill would also provide for research in animal shelters, pounds and pet shops, and to regulate dealers behavior for the purpose of advancing the welfare of zoo and dog wardens was approved by the U.S. Animal Health animals. The bill number is H.R. 13958. Association at its annual October convention held this year in Milwaukee. The model law was drafted by the Associa- E A GE E S ECIES I tion's Animal Welfare Committee under the chairmanship ECOMES AW of Dr. F. J. Mulhern. President Nixon signed the Endangered Species Bill The purpose of the bill is clearly stated in its opening into law on December fifth. The seriousness with which section: "(1) To protect the owners of dogs and cats from the Congress regarded the legislation, now P.L. 91-135, is the theft of such pets; (2) to prevent the sale or use of reflected in the language of the Report of the Senate stolen pets; (3) to insure that all warm-blooded vertebrate Commerce Committee, issued November sixth by Senator animals, as items of commerce are provided humane care Philip Hart, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Energy, and treatment by regulating the transportation, sale, pur- Natural Resources and the Environment. chase, housing, care, handling and treatment of such ani- mals by persons or organizations engaged in transporting, The Report states in part "During recent years mankind buying, or selling them for such use; (4) to insure that has been exterminating species of fish and wildlife at a animals confined in pet shops, kennels, animal shelters, rapidly accelerating rate. From the time of Christ to about auction markets and pounds are provided humane care 1800 A.D., it has been estimated that roughly one form and treatment; (5) to release for sale, trade or adoption of mammal was exterminated every 55 years. Since 1600, only those animals which appear to be free of infection, more than 125 species of birds and mammals have become communicable disease, or abnormalities, unless veterinary extinct, as have nearly 100 additional subspecies (i.e., care subsequent to release is assured." geographical races or varieties). Today it is estimated that It is hoped that many states will decide to adopt the one or two species of birds and mammals disappear each model law. year." Discussing this tragic situation, the Report states, "... in C UE U SUI O WO ES hastening the destruction of different forms of life merely Y AI A E because they cannot compete in our common environment A documentary film shown on national television (NBC, upon man's terms, mankind, which has inadvertently ar- November 18) featured the kind of sympathetic study of rogated to itself the determination of which species shall wolves that Konrad Lorenz, Lois Crisler, Farley Mowatt, live and which shall die, is assuming an immense ethical and other authors have been reporting for a number of burden." years. This time, however, millions of viewers actually saw Referring to the special exception in the bill, the Report the friendly, playful, noble and courageous animals in a states: "Subsection 3(c) would provide a limited excep- variety of circumstances, wagging their tails and greeting tion to the prohibition on importation by permitting en- the people they know, howling joyfully to the tones of dangered species to be brought into the country for zoologi- the clarinet, even, in a unique piece of filming, a mother cal, educational, scientific, or propagation purposes, under giving birth to wolf pups in a den she dug at the end of such terms and conditions as the Secretary of the Interior a twenty-foot tunnel under the ground. In another sequence, may prescribe. Again the committee expects the Secretary an experiment on the formation of a wolf pack was filmed, to carefully scrutinize each application; it would discourage and Dr. Michael Fox whose work on animal behavior is the granting of a blanket exception with respect to any well known to readers of the Information Report was species. In particular, the committee believes that the attacked by the senior wolf. Dr. Fox analyzed the reasons Secretary should be extremely reluctant to grant any but for the attack and summed it up as "in a sense, a privi- the most extraordinary exceptions in cases where present lege" because of the knowledge he had gained in com- capture methods may necessitate the killing of a large munication with a highly evolved animal. number of animals in order to capture a single specimen. In stark contrast to Dr. Fox's courage and intelligence In the case of the mountain gorilla, for example, it has was the behavior of the bounty hunters in Alaska and the been estimated that seven to 10 females are killed for Soviet hunters bent on wolf extermination pursuing the each infant successfully captured." terrified and exhausted animals by air. As one television Emphasizing the penalties which include fines up to reviewer put it, "I only hope some of those human mon- $10,000 and imprisonment up to a year in jail or both, sters saw themselves as we saw them last night." the Report states: "Because violations of this legislation Congressmen interested in animals and conservation ex- could result in the complete elimination of an entire species pressed strong approval of the film. The statements and or subspecies of fish or wildlife from the world, the com- press releases issued by Congressman John P. Saylor, Con- mittee hopes that the threat of severe penalties such as gressman Silvio Conte and Congressman Ogden Reid those which could be imposed under subsections (a), (b) follow: and (c) of Section 4, will serve as an effective deterrent to would-be violators and will eliminate illegal traffic in ou y o Wo es A acke y e . Say o endangered species." A e Seei g ew ocume a y Following a preview in the nation's Capitol of a new The legislation , as passed provides for an appropriation television documentary, one of the country's leading con- of $200,000 for the convening of an international con- servationists, Congressman John P. Saylor (R., Pa.) had ference to conserve endangered species. It is to be hoped that many other nations will enact legislation for the pro- words of high praise for NBC's "The Wolf Men," but tection of endangered species throughout the world. was shocked by the State of Alaska's promotion of bounty hunting of the wolf. Citing statistics from the film, the Pennsylvania Republi- SECO E I IO O "A IMA S can said, "The State of Alaska has paid out $250,000 in A EI EGA IG S" bounty in the last five years, almost halving the national The first printing of 10,000 copies of "Animals and wolf population. There are only 5,000 wolves left in Their Legal Rights," the 216-page paperback book on America's largest state, but at the rate the animals are be- laws protecting animals in the United States, published by ing killed off—by human predators 'hunting' from air- the Animal Welfare Institute in 1968, has been exhausted. planes — one of nature's balancing factors will soon be The book has now been revised to include laws enacted extinct. A smaller number of wolves are legally protected since publication of the first edition. The second edition as an 'endangered species' in the State of Minnesota. The is expected to be available early in 1970. inconsistency of laws regarding this form of wildlife must The low cost of one dollar per copy has been main- be resolved, and we may have to do it at the Federal level." tained, and those who wish to order the book are invited The Congressman pointed out that the wolf is not a to write to the Animal Welfare Institute, enclosing pay- vicious, man-attacking animal that folklore and the wild ment with the order. (C nt.. n p 6 4 Sc wei e Me a ese e o S a Wayma time, fellow prisoners of the splendour and travail of y Se a o i i a the earth.' (C nt. fr p And so we do well to pause today to pay tribute to a living creatures that is more significant than the status and man who in his professional capacity and as a human being quality of the environment. If we degrade the environment is seeking—and successfully—to spread understanding of to a stage where we destroy a good number of the world's animals and love for them. We know so well the power living creatures, we will have created a situation imposing of pictures: the recent spread in a national magazine (which a much more serious threat to the animal kingdom, includ- I will not name just now) showing color pictures of the ing man, than war or disease or hunger itself.' brutal slaying of baby seals brought an avalanche of letters of protest to my office. The fine film on "The Wolf "The comment of Senator Mansfield about Senator Hart Men" has also aroused public indignation. himself is worth quoting in this connection. He said he Stan Wayman, the noted LIFE Magazine photographer, hoped historians would take note of Senator Hart's achieve- has devoted his very great talent to bringing us closer to ments because 'he so often prefers to leave the glamor animals, to inspiring in us that affection which will lead and glory to others as long as the result is right.' to concern for their well-being. "I will not attempt to detail the many successful legis- The Animal Welfare Institute fittingly honors with its lative battles which Senator Hart has fought but would 1969 Albert Schweitzer Medal this man who, everywhere mention his work to enlarge federal feeding programs for he goes, makes vivid for us the joy—and the suffering— needy, underfed children and his efforts for national park of those who share this planet with us. It is an honor for developments in Michigan, The Pictured Rocks National me to make the presentation, and I would hope that he Lakeshore, already enacted, and Sleeping Bear Dunes, still and LIFE Magazine and everyone within reach of our pending. Senator Hart had just completed his term as words and pictures would determine to redouble the effort. Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, when the bounty on wolves was removed, a most vital humane and conserva- ema ks o S a Wayma tion measure. It is a great honor to have Senator Hart Thank you, Senator Hart, members of the Animal Wel- with us." fare Institute, ladies and gentlemen. As an amateur con- ema ks o Se a o i i A. a ( ., Mic . savationist I follow the Animal Welfare Institute's activi- A ima We a e I s i u e ties with interest. It is impossible to teach conservation Washington, D.C., December 3, 1969 without teaching a love for animals. We are all grateful to lawmakers like Senator Hart who One of the really great things about the U.S. Senate work closely with the Animal Welfare Institute and other is that it's an adult education institution second to none— conservation groups. The Senator was born in 1912, just for those who want to take advantage of the opportunity. 13 years after the last passenger pigeon was shot and A man who came down here from Michigan in January while there was still a bit of blue water left in the Great of 1959, wouldn't have as part of his experience any rea- Lakes. son to worry about water pollution or about vanishing The great naturalist, Aldo Leopold, in lamenting the shorelines or about disappearing wildlife. Up there, there destruction of the last cutleaf selphenium near his farm in still seemed to be plenty of unspoiled natural resources all Wisconsin, somewhat cynically said, "It may be wise to around us. prohibit all teaching of real botany and real history lest But fortunately, far-sighted individuals sounded the some future citizen suffer qualms about the floristic price warnings. I think of Senators Mansfield, Anderson and of his so-called good life." Kerr who, that year, succeeded in establishing a Senate Were he alive today, I think Mr. Leopold would be Select Committee on Natural Water Resources through gratified at the rising interest in conservation, not only which we identified the water crisis and made plans for in our country but all over the world. meeting it. .I think also of Rachel Carson, who appeared before our Senate Commerce Committee in 1963, and at Dr. Carlos Lehman, curator of the museum in Cali, that time, eloquently warned of the pesticide danger to Colombia said, "When your over developed countries send pelicans, to shrimp, to oysters and indeed to man, himself. missions to our under-developed countries, you send tech- And I think inevitably of Mrs. Stevens, who has been our nicians, economists, and engineers but I never see in those source of information and our conscience with respect to missions conservationists and ecologists. The U.S. spends man's treatment of animals. • 40 million dollars annually to control the destruction of migratory birds. Those same birds spend 3 months a year The hearings and Senate report on the Endangered in Colombia where they are unprotected and thousands Species bill, which has now gone to the President for his are being slaughtered. The skin trade is wiping out ocelots signature, will hopefully be a source of further education and jaguars in South America. The mother jaguars and of the American people in this whole question of man's ocelots are killed for skins and the babies are sold to treatment of animals. As we noted in the report, "The U.S. zoos. The export of ocelot skins alone has climbed gradual elimination of different forms of life reduces the from 1000 a year a few years ago to 15,000 annually. richness and variety of our environment and may restrict Monkeys are exported by the hundreds of thousands. A our understanding and appreciation of natural processes. woolly monkey is captured by killing the mother and tak- Moreover, in hastening the destruction of different forms ing the infant. Eight die for each one reaching the U.S. of life merely because they cannot compete in our com- markets. This would all stop if the buying countries -- mon environment upon man's terms, mankind, which has mainly the U.S. — would control imports." inadvertently arrogated to itself the determination of which species shall live find which shall die, is assuming an im- Of the nearly 500 species on the vanishing species list mense ethical burden. Henry Beston has indirectly sug- almost all the predators are listed. Man, the most efficient gested the magni,tude of this burden in urging that man of all predators should take a closer look at his counter- adopt a new and wiser concept of animals. He has stated: part in the wilds. 'We need another and a wiser and perhaps a more In his book KING SOLOMON'S RING, Konrad 47stical concept of animals. Remote from universal Lorenz says that in dealing with members of their own nature and living by complicated artifice, man in civili- species, the beasts and birds of prey are far more re- zation surveys creatures through the glass of his strained than many of the harmless vegetarians. He points knowledge and sees thereby a feather magnified and out that the well known harbinger of peace, the dove, is the whole image in distortion. We patronize them for one of the cruelest of all species who delights in killing their incompleteness, for their tragic fate of having its own species by slowly dismembering them, while the taken form so far below ourselves. And therein we eagle is a somewhat cowardly bird who mates for life and err, we greatly err. For the animal shall not be mea- often has trouble finding his way back to his nest. sured by man. In a world older and more complete The wolf, of all predating species, has been victimized than ours, they move, finished and complete, gifted by misinformation. There has been a bounty on his life with extensions of the senses we have lost or never since ancient Greece. Children who will never see a wolf attained, living by voices we shall never hear. They in the wild are taught to hate and fear him when, in fact, are not brethren, they are not underlings, they are there has never been a documented case of an unprovoked other nations caught with ours in the net of life and attack on a human being. 5 I spent a summer with a pack of 13 wolves on Baffin of these rules have been distributed to biology teachers and Island and found them to be gentle fun loving creatures. students by Animal Welfare Institute for many years and I followed members of the pack for days without a gun now the positive effects of this campaign are being seen. and often met them at close range. Never once was I Several school districts and local science fair committees threatened. have adopted these rules as official policy. They are ad- While the pack I followed did live on caribou, scientific vocated in the new teachers' manual and the widely-used studies have proven that deer and caribou herds in wolf influential B.S.C.S. textbook, "An Inquiry Into Life." areas are much healthier than areas where the wolves have Through discussion and lectures teachers are becoming in- been killed out. They maintain an ecological balance by creasingly aware of the need to instruct young students of predating on the weak and diseased. the boundaries of acceptable animal use in biology instruc- The wolves I photographed are a rare subspecies called tion. The emotional health of our young people and the Canus Lupus Mannigi. While an accurate count is not ethical standards of the next generation of scientists will available, teams from the University of Toronto estimate be influenced by the degree of respect for life which they their number at no more than 200. And yet there is a learn today. forty dollar bounty on this rare animal. In Quebec, there is an intensive local government-sponsored poisoning pro- gram of the timber wolf. Certainly, wolves must be controlled in heavy ranch "Com a a i e A es esia i a o a o y A ima s" areas, but why must we follow this magnificent creature to the remote areas of the world where he poses no threat u is e i Federation Proceedings to stockmen, but actually helps maintain a balance of na- (Cont. from page 1) ture? Hunters in Alaska gun the wolves down from air- planes and collect a bounty and sell the skin. If this need- Ph.D.; William V. Lumb, D.V.M., Ph.D.; 0. Sidney less destruction of wolves continues it is just a matter of Orth, M.D., Ph.D.; and Maurice H. Seevers, M. ., time until we have lost another species. Ph.D. Dr. Miller, Dr. Ben and Dr. Cass were the editors. I have mentioned only two areas in our hemisphere re- The second chapter, "Pain Perception in Animals" by quiring attention of animal welfare and conservation James E. Breazile and Ralph L. Kitchell provides research groups. Of course there are many others. data based on careful study. It begins with the following People are beginning to question the floristic price of analysis: "The terms 'perception,' 'consciousness,' and their good lives, and now is the time to double our efforts 'sensation,' when used in reference to animals, are fre- to do something about it. quently considered as though differing in significance from the same terms in relation to man. This interpreta- ema ks y M s. ea wy e tion arises from a failure to acknowledge the indications Mrs. Stevens, Ladies and Gentlemen: that similar mechanisms operate to produce these states in I appreciate the honor of being permitted to speak on both animals and man. Perception of pain, or of any other the status of pending legislation, Bill S. 2543 called the sensation in either man or animal, is a subjective analysis Horse Protection Act of 1969. The full Senate Commerce due to the activity of the central nervous system, and as Committee has approved Bill S. 2543 for Floor action. We such involves a relationship between this activity and the believe that it will be acted upon soon by the full Senate. mind ( . When considering pain perception in animals, One of the most important witnesses for this legislation analogies which indicate a similarity of perception should was "Papa Charcoal," a sore-footed registered Tennessee be drawn between human and animal behavior, physiology, Walking horse which the American Horse Protection As- and anatomy. The extent to which such analogies are true sociation bought at an auction at Shelbyville, Tennessee. determines the validity of assessment of pain perception Charcoal's front pasterns were sore and had been bleeding in animals. If a difference in pain perception does exist from burning chemical compounds and heavy chains rub- between man and animal, it should be disregarded when bing up and down on his blistered flesh. considering pain perception of an animal. After being photographed by LIFE photographer, "It is not unusual for investigators to consider the pain Charles Philips, and photographers from other news media, perception of animals as somewhat less intense than that Papa Charcoal thinks he is a celebrity and when he sees of man, and to permit inhumane treatment of animals on a camera appear, or a group gather near his fence, he this basis. Because research workers who use laboratory poses with the best side of his face to the camera. He animals are sometimes required to produce some degree really is a "ham." of pain, e.g., through injections of medications or ane- Charcoal may have sore feet, they are improving, but sthetics, it is important that they have some understanding his head is unbowed. of the mechanisms involved in pain perception and of the methods used to determine when these mechanisms may ema ks o . a a a O a s, . . be inoperant." We are faced with a serious problem of mistreatment The chapter concludes with wise advice on ways of of animals by high school students. Some misguided indi- ascertaining whether an animal is protected against pain viduals seeking to make biology instruction "exciting" or and on the responsibility of the investigator. The authors contemporary" encourage youngsters to attempt animal state: "Even though an emotional response is usually as- heart transplants or to abuse pregnant rabbits or guinea sociated with a perception of pain, the absence of such a pigs with various drugs so that they produce malformed response is not an assurance that the animal has not per- or dead babies. One youngster working in his basement ceived pain. for his science fair project on the effects of confinement kept mice in wire mesh holders which were so small that "Many factors must be considered when attempting to they could not move. By the morning they were dead. Last determine whether an animal is or is not perceiving pain. year a young girl wanted to see if she could train blind In a normal animal, if the application of a noxious stimulus birds to respond to light. Accordingly, she gouged out the results in a behavioral withdrawal from the stimulus, and eyes of house sparrows, punished them with electric shocks an emotional response, and an arousal response in the when they failed to respond to light and starved some of EEG, it can be assumed that a perception has occurred. If, them to death. For this she won $250. These pitiful ex- however, the physiology of the animal has been altered by periments are not isolated examples, as a recent survey of surgery or by the administration of a drug, it is the responsi- ten science fairs showed that one out of every five biology bility of the investigator to determine the influence of projects involved pain or death to vertebrate animals. these procedures on the perception of pain." In my opinion, experiments involving pain to animals Single copies of the July-August issue of Federation have no rightful place outside of research institutions. Proceedings containing the monograph on anesthesia of High school experimental works should conform to the laboratory animals may be obtained from the American "painless" rule which states that: "No vertebrate animal Federation of Societies for Experimental Biology, 9650 used for primary or secondary school teaching may be sub- Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20014, for $5.00. The jected to any experiment or procedure which interferes reduced price o students enrolled in training courses is with its normal health or causes it pain or distress." Copies $3.25. Wo o o Cou esy o M C ue u sui O Wo es y Ai a e of whose varieties are on the Department of the Interior's (C nt. fr p 3) list of endangered species, has been systematically hunted west movie have made it out to be, and praised the makers until it is virtually extinct in large areas of this country. of the film for "graphically destroying the wolf-myth" and Whereas the wolf kills only when he is hungry, and only showing the truth. enough to satisfy his hunger, man has pursued the wolf Concluding, Rep. Saylor said, "In addition to being for sport. As the wolf has become more rare and fearful, quality family entertainment which we desperately need, men have taken to hunting from planes, to assure that the film brings home to the American public the environ- those wolves which remain cannot escape. mental necessity for protecting this species of American In the past 5 years, 5,000 wolves have been killed in wildlife." Alaska, the one State where that animal is relatively plenti- ema ks o e o o a e Si io 0. Co e ful; there are now ,000 wolves left in the State, and a o " e Wo Me " bounty of $50 is offered for each wolf which is killed. To reward the worst instincts of man at the expense of the I is a sad documentary because there are less than 5,500 species already pitifully depleted is to forget that when our wolves left in the United States — ,000 of which are in wilderness was still pristine, it was populated by animals Alaska where a $50 bounty per wolf has sparked their who respected the balance of nature. systematic slaughter. So-called "sportsmen" shoot these ani- mals on the open snow-covered fields from airplanes hover- To assure the protection of wolves and other wild pre- ing above in much the same fashion as their nineteenth datory animals, I introduced a bill on June 24 which century predecessors slaughtered the American buffalo would authorize the Government to take steps toward the from trains rolling by. conservatoin of such animals. I ask your support for that bill, and I also urge that you make an effort to see an I have introduced legislation designed to bring sanity to extraordinary film on wolves titled "The Wolf Men" to our predatory control programs for many years. For this be presented Tuesday night on NBC. It is a poignant trib- ruson, I was particularly struck by the Isle Royale experi- ute to an animal which can no longer protect itself from ment with wolves that is vividly photographed in this man — man must now protect it from himself. documentary. The scientists working there have concluded that, contrary to predictions and accepted theories, pre- SE A O E SO A CO G ESSMA datory wolves did not destroy the moose population SAY O I O UCE I S O O I E on which they preyed. Nature stabilized itself. Yet our predatory control programs continue to spread poison E A IES O S OO I G A throughout the land. A IMA S OM AI C A Having seen "The Wolf Men," Senator Gaylord Nelson I hope this documentary will receive a wide audience (D., Wis.) and Congressman Saylor introduced companion that will in turn support our efforts in Congress to re- bills, December tenth, S. 2 4 and H.R. add a vamp the predatotgy control program. 88, o new section to the Fish end Wildlife Act of 1956 provid- e Wo Me , ema ks o o . Og e . ei ing that "whoever, while airborne in an aircraft, shoots o ew Yo k i e ouse o e ese a i es, at any bird, fish, or other animal of any kind whatever Mo ay, o em e , 6 which is on or over any a (o o , o e o i a y water) Mr. Speaker, not only must this country preserve the owned by or reserved to the U i e S a es, s a e i e fciests and clear streams of its wilderness, but it must not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than one take steps to see that the animals which are native to the year, or both." The section exempts state and federal of- wilderness do not become prey to encroaching civilization ficials during discharge of their duties in administration or, worse, to the predatory nature of man. The wolf, some of land, water or wildlife.
A IMA WE A E I S I U E Scientific Committee on Humane Standards for Research Animals Ma o ie A c e , . . au Kie a , M. . Samue eacock, M. . ee . ice, . . . a a a O a s, . . ic a G. ea ce, . .M. e e Derby, M.D. o Wa s , M. . Int rn t n l C tt . G. A ika i es, . .M.—G eece a i ica o—Ca a a Ma o C. W. ume, 0. .E., MC., .Sc., M.I. io .—U i e Ki g om . ousse e a c, . .— a ce Sy ey e i gs, M. .C. .S., . .A.—Me ico . E. We e g— e ma k Off r C is i e S e e s, esi e A e . G a cy, ., ice esi e o o y yce, a o a o y A ima Co su a Ma e ei e eme ma s, Sec e a y oge . S e e s, easu e a a a Gou , u ica io s Sec e a y