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Haider-Natasha 2008 Waste-Management-Baseline-Study-Baviaanskloof.Pdf This file has been cleaned of potential threats. If you confirm that the file is coming from a trusted source, you can send the following SHA-256 hash value to your admin for the original file. 5aeadec4d8c825d7958568623b44870df486755a860bd5bc92dbc3c2ea4ab54a To view the reconstructed contents, please SCROLL DOWN to next page. Baseline Study to Develop Waste Management Plan for Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and Adjacent Area Syeda Sajeda Haider (Natasha) i Baseline Study to Develop Waste Management Plan for Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and Adjacent Areas Syeda Sajeda (Natasha) Haider Registration No: 811119-298-080, MES MSc Internship Report 3rd March – 30th June, 2008 Internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Science at Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands Supervised By: Dr. Simon Bush Wayne Erlank Environmental Policy Group, Regional Manager Wageningen University Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve www.enp.wur.nl/uk [email protected] Eastern Cape Parks Board (ECPB) Matthew Zylstra [email protected], and Dieter Van den Broek [email protected] EarthCollective ii Preface This study was conducted in order to provide a baseline document for development of a future waste management plan for Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve. Reserve officials - mainly the regional manager of Eastern Cape Parks Board (ECPB) - were interested in compiling the waste management study in order to obtain an overview of the present scenario and future possibilities concerning better waste management. The adjacent area of western Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve was included on request from the local residents/stakeholders. Serious concern was raised regarding waste management by farmers and other land owners living in that area. To respond to this concern, EarthCollective decided to include western Baviaanskloof into the study. I am sincerely obliged to Matthew Zylstra and Dieter Van den Broeck for their constant on field support and supervision. I am especially thankful to Dr. Simon Bush, faculty member Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University for academic supervision. I am also thankful to Wayne Erlank, Regional Manager of ECPB for facilitating the study. I would like to thank all the officials of ECPB and municipality of Baviaans and Kouga for giving their precious time for interview. And finally to the residents of the western Baviaanskloof for their cooperation and genuine interest in assisting with this study. S. S. Haider July, 2008 For further information, contact Matthew Zylstra, [email protected], and Dieter van den Broeck, [email protected], EarthCollective. Telephone: +27 (0)422 830242, Cell: +27 (0)739 503 851, Address: C/- GIB P.O. Box 237, Patensie 6335, South Africa iii Summary Improper waste management is a major environmental problem in most developing countries. South Africa is no exception from that. At present Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve which is a World Heritage Site has no formal waste management plan and this was the main reason to conduct this study which will provide a baseline survey to develop a waste management plan for the Reserve. Presently there is lack of collaboration and communication between Eastern Cape Parks Board (ECPB) who is managing the Reserve and Baviaans municipality. The study shows that there is potential for recycling the waste generated from the reserve which is not done currently. Recycling is good for the environment and at the same time it will create job opportunity for the local people. Constrains for improved waste management are the road condition, distance between the reserve and the dumping site, and insufficient vehicle for waste transportation. The western Baviaanskloof where the white farmers, other landowners and colored communities are living is also suffering from improper waste management. As those are private property no waste collection service is provided from the local municipality. Wastes are generally burned and buried in the farms which consequently contribute to air and soil pollution. Wastes are frequently found along the road sides and in the river water. This has harmful effect on human and animal health as well as on tourism as most of the farmers have their own tourism facility. This study shows that majority of the farmers are willing to pay and participate for the improved waste management options. In addition, community members are also willing to participate in contract for waste collection and transport. This study mostly analyzed the present situation and explored the future possibilities for better waste management for Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve as well as the adjacent western area. iv Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT (ISWM) ............ 4 2. STAKEHOLDERS .................................................................................................................................. 6 3. WASTE SYSTEM ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 8 3.1 BAVIAANSKLOOF NATURE RESERVE .................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 GENERATION AND SEPARATION .......................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 COLLECTION ......................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................... 10 3.1.4 DISPOSAL ............................................................................................................................................ 10 3.1.5 ENERGY RECOVERY ............................................................................................................................ 11 3.1.6 FINAL TREATMENT .............................................................................................................................. 11 3.2 WESTERN BAVIAANSKLOOF (FARMERS & COMMUNITIES) ............................................................... 11 3.2.1 GENERATION AND SEPARATION ........................................................................................................ 11 3.2.2 COLLECTION ....................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.3 TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................... 12 3.2.4 DISPOSAL ............................................................................................................................................ 13 3.2.5 REUSE OR RECYCLE ............................................................................................................................ 13 4. SUSTAINABILITY ASPECT ANALYSIS .......................................................................................... 16 4.1. BAVIAANSKLOOF NATURE RESERVE ................................................................................................. 16 4.1.1 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................................... 16 4.1.2 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS ............................................................................. 18 4.2 WESTERN BAVIAANSKLOOF (FARMERS AND COMMUNITIES) .......................................................... 18 4.2.1 LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................................... 18 4.2.2 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS................................................................................................. 19 4.2.3 SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS ................................................................................................................. 20 4.2.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH ASPECTS .......................................................................................... 21 4.2.5 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS ............................................................................. 22 4.2.6 TECHNICAL ASPECTS ........................................................................................................................... 23 5. CONCLUSION & FUTURE POSSIBILITIES ................................................................................. 24 5.1 AWARENESS BUILDING ........................................................................................................................ 24 v 5.2 RECYCLING ........................................................................................................................................... 26 5.2.1 WASTE SEPARATION IN CAMP SITES ................................................................................................... 27 5.2.2 PLASTIC, CAN, PAPER AND GLASS RECYCLING ..................................................................................
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