BULLETrN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SC IENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE ENTOMOLOGIE, 74 : 69-71, 2004 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCI-IINSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSC HAPPEN ENTOMOLOGIE, 74 : 69-71 , 2004
Antennal sensilla of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera: Phylogenetic considerations
By Michel J. FAUCHEUX
Abstract ca:loconica ("s. ca:loconica"); multiparous s. placodea (" s. placo'ide disco'idale": Fig. I); multi porous s. auricillica (" s. Most of the sensillar types found on the antennae of Lepidoptera bicorne" : Fig. 3, "s. bifide": Figs. 4, 5, "s. oto'ide": Fig. 6, "s. already exist in Trichoptera. The sensill a auricillica are not specific placo'ide": Fig. 7, "s. placo'ide denticulee" : Fig. 8, "s. placo'ide to Lepidoptera. The sensill a placodea which are common in Trichop spherique", "s. placo'ide cyiindrique"); multi porous s. basico tera occur only in th e more primitive lepidopterans Micropterigid ae. nica ("s. conique"); multi porous triforked sensilla ("s. trifides": Key words: Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, anten na, sensill a, phylogeny. Fig. 2); aporous s. squamiformia ("s. squamifom1ia"). The term " placo'ide" used by Denis covers different types of sensilla. The antenna! sensilla of Lepidoptera have been the subject of a great many publications (review in FAUCHEUX, 1987; 1999). Figures 9 to 16 represent sensilla bearing a surprising resemblance to those of Trichoptera. The comparison between La plupart des types sensill aires presents sur les antennes des the sensory equipment of the two orders permits several U:pidopteres existent deja chez les Trichopteres. Les sensilles auricil conclusions. liformes ne so nt pas particulieres aux U:pidopteres. Les sensilles Sensilla placodea in Trichoptera are an important sensillar placo'ides qui so nt communes chez les Trichopteres sont pn~sentes type, whose sexual dimorphism is manifested in a hi gher num se ulement chez les lepidopteres les plus primitifs, les Micropterigidae. ber of sensilla in the males, and which cover entirely one of the Mots-clefs: Trich opteres, U:pidopteres, antenne, sensilles, phyla two faces of the segments (SLIFER & SEKJ-IO N, 1971 ; DEN IS, genese. 1985). They exist in Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae, Hydro ptilidae, Ecnomidae, Molannidae. The three first families are considered as the most primitive of Trichoptera (DESPAX, The two orders Trichoptera and Lepidoptera are grouped to 1951 ). Now, sensilla placodea in Lepidoptera only exist in gether in the superorder Amphiesmenoptera, the relationship the suborder Zeugloptera, with the family Micropterigidae between the two orders is a genuine sistergroup relationship (FAUCHEUX, 1997). In the micropterigid moths, they are present (KRISTENSEN, 1975 , 1981 ). Numerous characters in the adult in small numbers, I to 2 per segment, and they do not exhibit and larval ground plan are synapomorphic of Trichoptera and any sexual dimorphism. Lepidoptera. However, nothing is known as concerns the com The triforked sensilla of Sericostoma galeatum (Fig. 2) parison between the anteimal sensilla into two orders. The only resemble short biforked sensilla basiconica of the limacodid reference appears to be that of HALLBERG & HANSSON ( 1999) Latoia thamia (Fig. I 0) . They possess together a basal stylus who consider that "The ancestral eriocraniids exhibit a sensillar and a sens01y cone, bi- or triforked. Until now, the biforked pattern that more closely resembles the more primitive sister sensilla basiconica have been discovered only in L. thamia group Trichoptera than its more advanced relatives in the (FAUCHEUX, 1999). Lepidoptera''. This affirmation is in fact based on false argu The sensilla bifida of Micropterna sequax (Fig. 3) are similar ments (FAUCHEUX, 2004a). to certain long biforked sensilla basiconica of Agathiphaga For the study of sensilla, the antennae were dehydrated in queenslandensis (FAUCHEUX , 1990a; 2004b). In this moth, this absolute ethanol, mounted on specimen holders and coated with sensillar type is polymorphic and some sensilla with flattened a thin layer of gold and palladium. Preparations were examined branches must be classed with the "auricillicum" type. ln with a scanning electron microscope. Lepidoptera, these sensilla are present only in the suborder The structure of trichopteran antenna! sensilla has only been Aglossata which consists only of the Agathiphagidae family. described in a few studies (SLIFER & SEKHON, 1971 ; WELLS , Certain sensilla bifida, placodea and "oto'ides " des Trichop 1984; DEN IS, 1985). The study by Denis which concerns 18 teres (Figs. 4-8) are in fact sensilla auricillica, according to the families and 23 species offers most information. Thus, accord terminology adopted in Lepidoptera (FAUCHEUX, 1999). Indeed, ing to present terminology (ZACHARUK, 1985), the sensi lla of they show remarkable similarities with sensilla auricillica Trichoptera described by Denis may be classed under the (Figs. 12-16). Moreover, the trichopteran Neureclipsis bimacu following types: uniparous sensilla chaetica ("sensilles tri lata possesses a variety of shape in these sensilla (Figs. 4-5) cho'ides cannel ees"); aporous s. chaetica ("s. chaetica" ); mul such as th e lep idopteran Trichophaga tapetzella (Figs. 12-13). tiparous s. trichodea ("s. tricho'ides annelees"); multiparous s. In one family of Trichoptera and of Lepidoptera, sensilla
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References References
d jique Short Notes 71
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