A Report on the Costs and Benefits of Poland’S Adoption of the Euro

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Report on the Costs and Benefits of Poland’S Adoption of the Euro A Report on the Costs and Benefits of Poland’s Adoption of the Euro Warsaw, March 2004 Edited by: Jakub Borowski Authors: Jakub Borowski Micha∏ Brzoza-Brzezina Anna Czoga∏a Tatiana Fic Adam Kot Tomasz J´drzejowicz Wojciech Mroczek Zbigniew Polaƒski Marek Rozkrut Micha∏ Rubaszek Andrzej S∏awiƒski Robert Woreta Zbigniew ˚ó∏kiewski The authors thank Andrzej Bratkowski, Adam B. Czy˝ewski, Ma∏gorzata Golik, Witold Grostal, Andrzej Rzoƒca, El˝bieta Skrzeszewska-Paczek, Iwona Stefaniak, Piotr Szpunar and Lucyna Sztaba for their numerous and insightful remarks on earlier drafts of this Report. The authors thank professor Michael J. Artis for his excellent assistance with the English language version of the Report. The Report was submitted for publishing in March 2004. Design: Oliwka s.c. Printed by: Drukarnia NBP Published by: National Bank of Poland 00-919 Warszawa, ul. Âwi´tokrzyska 11/21, Poland Phone (+48 22) 653 23 35 Fax (+48 22) 653 13 21 © Copyright Narodowy Bank Polski, 2004 2 National Bank of Poland Table of contents Table of contents Executive Summary . .5 Introduction . .9 1. Conditions for accession to the euro area . .13 2. Risks and costs of introducing the euro . .15 2.1. Loss of monetary policy independence . .15 2.1.1. The effectiveness of the exchange rate adjustment mechanism . .18 2.1.2. Labour market adjustment mechanism . .25 2.1.3. The fiscal adjustment mechanism . .27 2.1.4. Convergence of business cycles . .30 2.1.5. Endogeneity of Optimum Currency Area criteria . .36 2.2. Short-term cost of meeting the inflation convergence criterion . .37 2.3. Summary . .40 3. Benefits of euro area membership . .42 3.1. Direct effects . .44 3.1.1. Elimination of transaction costs . .44 3.1.2. Elimination of exchange rate risk and decline in interest rates . .45 3.2. Long-term benefits . .46 3.2.1. Impact of the euro on investment . .46 3.2.2. Trade expansion . .49 3.2.3. Decline in macro-economic risk of the country . .52 3.2.4. Integration of the financial market . .53 3.2.5. Increased competition . .54 3.3. Estimate of long-term benefits stemming from the introduction of the euro . .56 3.3.1. Method . .56 3.3.2. Simulations . .57 3.3.3. Results . .58 3.3.4. Conclusions . .70 3.4. Summary . .71 4. Optimal macro-economic policy on the road to the euro area . .74 4.1. Challenges resulting from convergence criteria . .74 4.2. Simulation of macroeconomic policy scenarios . .80 4.2.1. The fiscal scenario . .81 4.2.2. The monetary scenario . .84 4.2.3. Conclusions . .85 4.3. Summary . .85 Summary and conclusions . .87 References . .91 A REPORT ON THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF POLAND’S ADOPTION OF THE EURO 3 Table of contents Appendix 1. The Maastricht Criteria . .100 A1.1. Convergence criteria – remarks on methodology . .101 A1.1.1. Inflation criterion . .101 A1.1.2. Fiscal criteria . .101 A1.1.3. Exchange rate criterion . .103 A1.1.4. Interest rate criterion . .104 A1.2. Economic interpretation of the Maastricht criteria . .104 A1.2.1. Inflation criterion . .105 A1.2.2. Interest rate criterion . .105 A1.2.3. Exchange rate criterion . .106 A1.2.4. Fiscal criteria . .106 A1.2.5. Appropriateness of the convergence criteria for the accession countries . .107 Appendix 2. Assessment of Poland’s progress towards fulfilment of the nominal convergence criteria . .108 A2.1. Inflation criterion . .108 A2.2. Fiscal criteria . .109 A2.3. Interest rate criterion . .109 A2.4. Exchange rate criterion . .110 Appendix 3. Assessment of the short-term costs of the fulfilment of the inflation convergence criterion . .114 Appendix 4. Description of the model used in the simulation of benefits from accession to the euro zone . .116 A4.1. Description of the model . .116 A4.2. Equations used in the model . .117 A4.3. Variables . .120 A4.4. Parameters . .121 Appendix 5. Description of the ECMOD model . .123 4 National Bank of Poland Executive Summary Executive Summary 1. Accession to the European Union (EU) will open the way for Poland to start preparations for participation in the euro area, this being the next stage of economic integration. Upon joining the EU Poland will have committed to subsequently adopt the euro and, as a consequence, to accept a common monetary policy together with the other euro zone countries. However, the exact moment for the adoption of the euro has not yet been set. This Report has been prepared by economists of the National Bank of Poland with the aim of assessing the benefits and costs of introducing the common currency. The assessment also reviews the choice of an optimal strategy of euro adoption. The Report seeks to determine the moment of euro adoption most beneficial to Poland. This moment depends on fulfilling a number of conditions of monetary union participation (the Maastricht criteria). These criteria can be fulfilled earlier or later on. The analysis indicates that the sooner these criteria are met and the euro is introduced – with the support of an appropriate economic policy – the greater the benefits for long-term economic growth will be. 2. The Maastricht criteria include fiscal criteria referring to the general government deficit and public debt as well as monetary criteria, related to price stability, the level of long-term interest rates and exchange rate stability. The Maastricht convergence criteria are not only a formal requirement for Poland’s participation in the euro zone but also a basis for a sound macroeconomic stance, creating conditions conducive to long-term economic growth. Thus, meeting the criteria both opens the way to the euro and is beneficial to growth. 3. According to the fiscal convergence criteria a country wishing to join the monetary union cannot have a planned or actual general government deficit in excess of 3% of GDP. Moreover, its public debt should not be higher than 60% of GDP. The inflation criterion is fulfilled when inflation in the applicant country does not exceed by more than 1.5 percentage points the average inflation of the three best EU performers in terms of price stability. The interest rate criterion is fulfilled when the long-term interest rate does not exceed by more than 2 percentage points the average interest rate in the three best EU performers in terms of price stability. Moreover, an accession country is obliged to participate for a minimum period of two years in the Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II). Over this period the exchange rate of the domestic currency against the euro should be maintained within fluctuation bands not wider than +/-15% around a central parity. Moreover, during ERM II participation no severe tensions in the foreign exchange market, and in particular no devaluations of the central parity, should occur. 4. In November 2003 Poland fulfilled the inflation, long-term interest rate and public debt criteria. The fulfilment of the general government deficit criterion requires the implementation of thorough reforms limiting public expenditures and increasing the efficiency of public finance management. The exchange rate criterion can only be fulfilled after Poland has entered ERM II. Meeting this criterion will depend on the conduct of a credible macroeconomic policy. 5. The decision on the acceptance of Poland as a member of the common currency area will be taken by the ECOFIN Council and will be.
Recommended publications
  • Download Original Attachment
    2017 IIF Annual Membership Meeting List of Participants 10/04/2017 1 International Fincentre Associates Aberdeen Asset Management Aberdeen Standard Investments Aberdeen Standard Investments Abraaj Capital Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Global Market Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Access Bank Plc Access Bank Plc Access Bank Plc Access Bank Plc Acreditus Aflac Global Investments Aflac Global Investments Aflac International Aflac International AFME Africa Finance Corporation African Export Import Bank Page 1 of 51 2017 IIF Annual Membership Meeting List of Participants 10/04/2017 African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank African Export Import Bank Agricultural Bank of China, New York Branch Agricultural Bank of China, New York Branch AIG AIG AIIB Akbank Akbank Aker International AG Al Ahli Bank of Kuwait K.S.C.P Al Ahli Bank of Kuwait K.S.C.P Al Rajhi Bank Alawwal Bank Alawwal Bank Alawwal Bank Alawwal Bank Alawwal Bank Albaraka Turk Participation Bank Albaraka Turk Participation Bank Albaraka Turk Participation Bank Page 1 of 51 2017 IIF Annual Membership Meeting List of Participants 10/04/2017 Algebris Investments AllianceBernstein L.P.
    [Show full text]
  • First FSF Regional Meeting with Central and Eastern European Authorities
    FINANCIAL STABILITY FORUM For immediate release Press release Press enquiries: Basel +(41 61) 280 8188 Ref no: 08/2002E 11 April 2002 First FSF regional meeting with central and eastern European authorities The Financial Stability Forum (FSF) today held its first regional meeting with central and eastern European countries at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in London. Senior representatives from finance ministries, central banks, and supervisory and regulatory authorities from 13 FSF member and regional countries attended the meeting. A list of participating institutions is attached. The meeting exchanged views on potential vulnerabilities in financial systems in the current economic situation and noted that financial systems had well withstood recent shocks. They also agreed that the improved outlook for growth is creating a more benign financial stability environment in the period ahead. They noted that appreciating exchange rates in EU accession countries heighten the importance of adequate safeguards in the banking system. Participants also discussed issues raised by recent large corporate failures, and noted that many bear relevance for regional transition economies. They underscored the importance of reinforcing market foundations through sound practices in corporate governance, improved audit quality, and strengthened independence of oversight and enforcement institutions. The meeting also reviewed the focus of ongoing work to strengthen financial systems. These efforts centre on EU accession requirements
    [Show full text]
  • Should Poland Join the Euro? an Economic and Political Analysis
    Should Poland Join the Euro? An Economic and Political Analysis Should Poland Join the Euro? An Economic and Political Analysis Graduate Policy Workshop February 2016 Michael Carlson Conor Carroll Iris Chan Geoff Cooper Vanessa Lehner Kelsey Montgomery Duc Tran Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ i About the WWS Graduate Policy Workshop ........................................................................................ ii Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 1 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2 2 The Evolution of Polish Thought on Euro Adoption ................................................................. 5 2.1 Pre-EU membership reforms ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 After EU Accession ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Crisis years ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Post-crisis assessment ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 247 – £Ukasz W
    2 4 7 £ukasz W. Rawdanowicz Poland's Accession to EMU – Choosing the Exchange Rate Parity W a r s a w , 2 0 0 2 Materials published here have a working paper character. They can be subject to further publication. The views and opinions expressed here reflect Authors’ point of view and not necessarily those of the CASE. The publication was financed by AIG Pension Society. Key words: real exchange rates, equilibrium exchange rates, EMU enlargement. Acknowledgements: I am greatly indebted to Przemek Kowalski and Mateusz Szczurek for their valuable and inspiring comments, and their help with collecting data. © CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw 2002 Graphic Design: Agnieszka Natalia Bury DTP: CeDeWu Sp. z o.o. ISSN 1506-1701, ISBN 83-7178-298-5 Publisher: CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research ul. Sienkiewicza 12, 00-944 Warsaw, Poland tel.: (4822) 622 66 27, 828 61 33, fax (4822) 828 60 69 e-mail: [email protected] Contents Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Concepts of Equilibrium Exchange Rate 7 2.1. PPP 7 2.2. FEER 8 2.3. BEER 9 3. Empirical Estimations 10 3.1. FEER Calculations 11 3.2. BEER Estimations 18 4. What Should Be the Entry Exchange Rate? 20 5. Conclusions 25 References 27 Statistical Appendix 29 Studies & Analyses CASE No. 247 – £ukasz W. Rawdanowicz £ ukasz W. Rawdanowicz £ukasz Rawdanowicz graduated from Sussex University in 1998 (MA in International Economics) and Warsaw University - Department of Economics in 1999 (MA in quantitative methods). His main area of interest is macroeconomics and econometrics.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Profile, Poland
    Update October 2008 COUNTRY PROFILE, POLAND Introduction and Country Background 2 Banking Environment 4 Financial Authorities 5 Legal & Regulatory Issues 5 Market Dominant Banks 5 Clearing Systems 5 Payments & Collections Methods & Instruments 5 Electronic Banking 5 Cash Pooling Solutions 5 Tax Issues 5 Source and Contacts 5 Page 1 of 6 Country profile, Poland Introduction and Country Background Despite a sharp drop Key Facts in religious obser- vance in recent years, Capital - Major Cities Warsaw – Lódz, Kraków, Wroclaw Poland remains one Area 312,685 km2 of the most devoutly Population 38.12m (12-2007 estimate) religious countries in Languages Europe Polish Currency PLN (Polish zloty) Telephone Code +48 2008 — 1, 11 Nov; 25-26 Dec National/ Bank 2009 — 1 Jan; 13 Apr; 1-3*, 21 May; 11 Jun; 15 Aug; 1, Holidays 11 Nov; 25-26 Dec Bank Hours 9.00–16.00 Mon–Fri, 9:00-15:00 Sat Business Hours 7:00–15:00 or 8.00–16.00 Mon-Fri Stock Exchange Warsaw Stock Exchange Leading Share Index WIG20 Overall Share Index WIG Index * Note it is usually impossible to do any business on 2 May as most government offices, banks, shops, etc are closed on this date. This extended holiday period is known as The Picnic (Majówka). Since joining the Economic Performance European Union, many Poles have left 2004 2005 2006 2007 their country to work Exchange Rate – PLN/EUR1 4.5340 4.0254 3.1025 3.7845 in other EU countries Exchange Rate – PLN/USD1 3.65 3.2348 3.8951 2.7692 (particularly Ireland Money Market Rate (%)1 5.83 5.25 4.1 4.627 and the UK) because Consumer Inflation
    [Show full text]
  • List of Certain Foreign Institutions Classified As Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms
    NOT FOR PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY JANUARY 2001 Revised Aug. 2002, May 2004, May 2005, May/July 2006, June 2007 List of Certain Foreign Institutions classified as Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms The attached list of foreign institutions, which conform to the definition of foreign official institutions on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms, supersedes all previous lists. The definition of foreign official institutions is: "FOREIGN OFFICIAL INSTITUTIONS (FOI) include the following: 1. Treasuries, including ministries of finance, or corresponding departments of national governments; central banks, including all departments thereof; stabilization funds, including official exchange control offices or other government exchange authorities; and diplomatic and consular establishments and other departments and agencies of national governments. 2. International and regional organizations. 3. Banks, corporations, or other agencies (including development banks and other institutions that are majority-owned by central governments) that are fiscal agents of national governments and perform activities similar to those of a treasury, central bank, stabilization fund, or exchange control authority." Although the attached list includes the major foreign official institutions which have come to the attention of the Federal Reserve Banks and the Department of the Treasury, it does not purport to be exhaustive. Whenever a question arises whether or not an institution should, in accordance with the instructions on the TIC forms, be classified as official, the Federal Reserve Bank with which you file reports should be consulted. It should be noted that the list does not in every case include all alternative names applying to the same institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission of Nominal Exchange Rate Changes to Export Prices and Trade Flows and Implications for Exchange Rate Policy
    Transmission of nominal exchange rate changes to export prices and trade flows and implications for exchange rate policy Mathias Hoffmann (Deutsche Bundesbank) Oliver Holtemöller (RWTH Aachen University) Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies No 21/2009 Discussion Papers represent the authors’ personal opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Deutsche Bundesbank or its staff. Editorial Board: Heinz Herrmann Thilo Liebig Karl-Heinz Tödter Deutsche Bundesbank, Wilhelm-Epstein-Strasse 14, 60431 Frankfurt am Main, Postfach 10 06 02, 60006 Frankfurt am Main Tel +49 69 9566-0 Telex within Germany 41227, telex from abroad 414431 Please address all orders in writing to: Deutsche Bundesbank, Press and Public Relations Division, at the above address or via fax +49 69 9566-3077 Internet http://www.bundesbank.de Reproduction permitted only if source is stated. ISBN 978-3–86558–545–5 (Printversion) ISBN 978-3–86558–546–2 (Internetversion) Abstract We discuss how the welfare ranking of fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes in a New Open Economy Macroeconomics model depends on the interplay between the degree of exchange rate pass-through and the elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods. We identify combinations of these two parameters for which flex- ible and for which fixed exchange rates are superior with respect to welfare as mea- sured by a representative household’s utility level. We estimate the two parameters for six non-EMU European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom) using a heterogeneous dynamic panel approach. JEL classification: F41, F31, F14. Keywords: Elasticity of substitution between home and foreign goods, exchange rate pass-through, exchange rate regime choice, expenditure switching effect, heterogeneous dynamic panel, New Open Economy Macroeconomics.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Relief Country: Italy Security: Intesa Sanpaolo S.P.A
    Important Notice The Depository Trust Company B #: 15497-21 Date: August 24, 2021 To: All Participants Category: Tax Relief, Distributions From: International Services Attention: Operations, Reorg & Dividend Managers, Partners & Cashiers Tax Relief Country: Italy Security: Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. CUSIPs: 46115HAU1 Subject: Record Date: 9/2/2021 Payable Date: 9/17/2021 CA Web Instruction Deadline: 9/16/2021 8:00 PM (E.T.) Participants can use DTC’s Corporate Actions Web (CA Web) service to certify all or a portion of their position entitled to the applicable withholding tax rate. Participants are urged to consult TaxInfo before certifying their instructions over CA Web. Important: Prior to certifying tax withholding instructions, participants are urged to read, understand and comply with the information in the Legal Conditions category found on TaxInfo over the CA Web. ***Please read this Important Notice fully to ensure that the self-certification document is sent to the agent by the indicated deadline*** Questions regarding this Important Notice may be directed to Acupay at +1 212-422-1222. Important Legal Information: The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) does not represent or warrant the accuracy, adequacy, timeliness, completeness or fitness for any particular purpose of the information contained in this communication, which is based in part on information obtained from third parties and not independently verified by DTC and which is provided as is. The information contained in this communication is not intended to be a substitute for obtaining tax advice from an appropriate professional advisor. In providing this communication, DTC shall not be liable for (1) any loss resulting directly or indirectly from mistakes, errors, omissions, interruptions, delays or defects in such communication, unless caused directly by gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of DTC, and (2) any special, consequential, exemplary, incidental or punitive damages.
    [Show full text]
  • Voting by Monetary Policy Committees: Evidence from the CEE Inflation-Targeting Countries
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Jung, Alexander; Kiss, Gergely Working Paper Voting by monetary policy committees: Evidence from the CEE inflation-targeting countries MNB Working Papers, No. 2012/2 Provided in Cooperation with: Magyar Nemzeti Bank, The Central Bank of Hungary, Budapest Suggested Citation: Jung, Alexander; Kiss, Gergely (2012) : Voting by monetary policy committees: Evidence from the CEE inflation-targeting countries, MNB Working Papers, No. 2012/2, Magyar Nemzeti Bank, Budapest This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/83622 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort
    [Show full text]
  • Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: U.S. and EU Export Activities, and Barriers and Opportunities Experienced by U.S
    United States International Trade Commission Small and Medium- Sized Enterprises: U.S. and EU Export Activities, and Barriers and Opportunities Experienced by U.S. Firms Investigation No. 332-509 USITC Publication 4169 July 2010 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Deanna Tanner Okun, Chairman Charlotte R. Lane Daniel R. Pearson Shara L. Aranoff Irving A. Williamson Dean A. Pinkert Robert B. Koopman Acting Director of Operations Arona Butcher Karen Laney Acting Director of Economics Director, Office of Industries Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: U.S. and EU Export Activities, and Barriers and Opportunities Experienced by U.S. Firms Investigation No. 332-509 Publication 4169 July 2010 Project Leadership Justino De La Cruz, Project Leader [email protected] James Stamps, Deputy Project Leader [email protected] Laura Bloodgood, Office of Industries Coordinator [email protected] Principal Authors Laura Bloodgood William Greene George Serletis Nannette Christ Katherine Linton James Stamps Daniel Cook Brendan Lynch Donald Sussman Justino De La Cruz Ruben Mata Mihir Torsekar Michael Ferrantino Elizabeth Nesbitt Ralph Watkins Dennis Fravel William Powers Isaac Wohl Primary Reviewers Joanne Guth and Joanna Bonarriva Special Assistance From Tamar Asadurian William Gearhart Andrew Martinez Richard Brown Alberto Goetzl Jesse Mora Eric Cardenas Alexander Hammer Andrew Rylyk Dylan Carlson Peg Hausman Patricia M. Thomas Judith Dean Aimee Larsen Alison Weingarden Robert Feinberg Linda Linkins Linda White Office of Publishing Interns Bethany Bengfort, Daniel Mason-D’Croz, Vincent Procacci, and Danielle Trachtenberg Under the Direction of Arona Butcher, Chief Country, Regional, and Analysis Division [email protected] ABSTRACT This report examines the extent and composition of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2017
    ANNUAL REPORT 2017 Practitioners Creating Pan-European Payment Infrastructures Estación de Atocha Cover L’aéroport de Roissy- Madrid Atocha railway Charles-de-Gaulle station is the largest railway station in Madrid with Paris Charles de Gaulle 16 million passengers per year. Airport is the second largest international airport in Europe, handling close to 70 million passengers and almost 500,000 aircraft movements in 2017. Haven van Rotterdam Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe. In 2012, Rotterdam was the world’s sixth-largest port in terms of annual cargo tonnage. The port covers 105 square kilometres and stretches over a distance of 40 kilometres. Channel Tunnel / Le tunnel sous la Manche The Channel Tunnel is a 50.45-kilometre rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom, with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France. At its lowest point, it is 75 m deep below the sea bed and 115 m below sea level. It is hard to imagine what our lives would look like without the infrastructure systems that enable and support our daily activities. They supply water, power and heat; they provide access to goods, knowledge and money; they help us embark on physical and spiritual journeys. Like other infrastructures, EBA CLEARING’s payment systems require careful planning and smooth operations to optimally serve their users on a daily basis. This involves close monitoring as well as regular maintenance, enhancement and, where needed, renewal. What is different about other infrastructures though is that some of them make for great pictures… Piazza Gae Aulenti Piazza Gae Aulenti is the epi- centre of Milan’s most modern neighbourhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Banking Globalization, Monetary Transmission, and the Lending
    The International Banking Research Network: Approaches and Initiatives Claudia M. Buch (Deutsche Bundesbank) Linda Goldberg (Federal Reserve Bank of New York) Joint IBRN-IMF Workshop | Washington DC | October 15, 2019 National Bank of Poland Oesterreichische Nationalbank Deutsche Bundesbank Sveriges Riksbank Norges Bank Central Bank of Russia Bank of Danmarks Nationalbank Canada Bank of England Central Bank of Ireland De Nederlandsche Bank Banque de France US Federal Reserve Banco de España Bank of Japan Banco de Portugal Bank of Korea Reserve Hong Kong Swiss National Bank Bank of Banco de Monetary Authority India México Banka Slovenije Banca D’Italia Central Bank of Central Bank of the Bank of Greece Colombia Republic of Turkey Banco Central do Brasil Bank of Israel Reserve Bank of Australia Central Bank of Chile International Organizations Bank for Organisation for Economic Financial International International European Central Bank European Systemic Risk Board Cooperation and Stability Board Monetary Fund Settlements Development 2 How does the IBRN operate? 3 Collectively determine policy- relevant issue Analyze (confidential) bank- level datasets Use common methodology, complement with cross- country perspective Share code, results, and perform meta analysis 4 What are the key research questions and outputs? 5 International transmission Adjustment of bank of monetary policy lending to liquidity risk through bank lending Interaction between Cross-border lending monetary and prudential effects of policies for bank lending macroprudential
    [Show full text]