U.S. Army Military History Institute Fortifications 950 Soldiers Drive Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5021 13 Apr 2012

INTRENCHMENTS

A Working Bibliography of MHI Sources

CONTENTS General Sources.....p.1 Pre-20th Century.....p.2 20th Century -Thru WWI....p.3 -Since WWI....p.3 Foxholes -Pre-20th Century....p.4 -20th Century....p.4

GENERAL SOURCES

Mitchell, William A. Outlines of the World's Military History. Harrisburg, PA: Military Service, 1931. pp 662-70. D25.M55. Nice summary of developments.

O'Connell, Robert L. Of Arms and Men: A History of War, Weapons and Aggression. NY: Oxford, 1989. 367 p. U27.O26.

Saunders, Anthony. Trench Warfare, 1850-1950. South Yorkshire, England: Pen & Sword, 2010. 231 p. UG446.S28.

Wintringham, Tom. The Story of Weapons and Tactics from Troy to Stalingrad. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943. pp. 164-72. U27.W5.

See also: -Bibliographies on Tunnel Warfare; Geography/Geology; & Trench Warfare in Strategy & Tactics. Intrenchments p.2

PRE-20TH CENTURY

Brailmont, A. Hasty Intrenchments. London: King, 1872. 94 p. UG403.B7313.

Chester, James. "Battle Intrenchments and the Psychology of War." Journal of the Military Service Institution of the US (Oct 1886): pp. 298-312. Per.

Fraser, T. Field Intrenching: Its Application on the Battle-Field and Its Bearing on Tactics. London: Mitchell, 1879. 63 p. UG446.F72.

Gates, John M. "Evolution of Entrenchments During the American Civil War: A Vision for WWI Leaders." Student paper, AWC, Apr 1991. 43 p. Arch.

Griffith, Paddy. Battle Tactics of the Civil War. New Haven, CT: Yale, 1987. 239 p. E470.G742. See Chap 5.

Hagerman, Edward. The American Civil War and the Origins of Modern Warfare: Ideas, Organization, and Field Command. Blomington, IN: U IN, 1988. 366 p. E491.H16. See index.

Hagerman, Edward H. “The Evolution of Trench Warfare in the American Civil War.” PhD dss, Duke, 1965. 441 p. E470.H33.

Hess, Earl J. Trench Warfare under Grant & Lee: Field Fortifications in the Overlord Campaign. Chapel Hill, NC: U NC, 2007. 313 p. E476.52.H47.

Lippitt, Francis J. A Treatise on Intrenchments. NY: Van Nostrand, 1866. 146 p. UG403.L56.

Mahan, Dennis H. A Treatise on Field Fortifications: Containing Instructions on the Methods of Laying Out, Constructing, Defending and Attacking Intrenchment, the Attack and Defence of Permanent Fortifications. NY: Wiley, 1861. 168 p. UG403.M34. And earlier editions of 1836 & 1846RareBook.

Schaw, H. Defense and Attack of Positions and Localities: Being the Substance of Some of the Lectures..., 1875. London: Paul, Trench, 1882. 131 p. U166.S32.

Shiman, Philip L. "Engineering Sherman's March: Army Engineers and the Management of Modern War, 1862-65." PhD dss, Duke, 1991. 741 p. E492.7.S56. See Chap 8 & pp. 671-76.

Wagner, Arthur L. "Hasty Entrenchments in the War of Secession." Journal of the Military Service Institution of the US (Feb 1898): pp. 225-46. Per.

_____. Organization and Tactics. Kansas City, MO: Hudson-Kimberly, 1897. pp. 174-78. U102.W3. Intrenchments p.3

20TH CENTURY-THROUGH WWI

Brooks, Alfred H. The Use of Geology on the Western Front. Wash, DC: GPO, 1920. 40 p. pp. 98-105. UG465.B7.

U.S. Army Service Schools. British Experience in the War: Field Defense. Ft Leavenworth, 1915. 88 p. UG403.B74.

U.S. War Dept. Army War College. Notes on the Construction and Equipment of Trenches. Wash, DC: GPO, 1917. UG446.N67.

Vickers, Leslie. Training for the Trenches: A Pictorial Handbook Based Upon Personal Experience.... NY: Doran, 1917. 127 p. UG446.V52.

SINCE WWI

"Churchill's Fleet of Moles." Military History (Dec 1988): p. 6. Per. British trench-digging machine WWII - a war too late.

"Fortified Hill-Communist Style." Combat Forces Journal (Mar 1952): pp. 18-20. Per. In Korea.

Marshall, S.L.A. Problems of Field Tactics in Defense Against Area Weapons. Study, ORO, Oct 1954. 137 p. U165.M37. Speculation on suitable tactics against atomic weapons. See pp. 45-53 on Korean War trenches.

Smith, Kevin B. "Back to the Trenches." Military Review (Aug 1990): pp. 59-66. Per. New deadly weapons & battlefield technology may cause a return to the safety and stalemate of trench warfare of 1914-18.

Weir, William. "Sandbag Redoubt Defended." Military History (Oct 1992): pp. 67-72. Per. Trench warfare, 27th Infantry, 1953, Korea. Intrenchments p.4

FOXHOLES-PRE-20TH CENTURY

Sanger, J.P. "The Hunting Knife and Individual Rifle Pit." Journal of the Military Service Institution of the US (Nov 1896): pp. 409-15. Per.

U.S. War Dept. Shelter-Trench and Pit Exercise: Circular 23, dated Sep 1875. 3 p. MilPub-Circ. Experimental manual for companies assigned new trowel- bayonets.

See also: -Rifle Pits in Scott's Military Dictionary, p. 532

FOXHOLES-20TH CENTURY

Allied Forces. 15th Army Group. A Military Encyclopedia, Based on Operations in the Italian Campaigns, 1943-1945. HQ, G-3 Sec, 15 Apr 1945. pp. 125-26. D763.I8.A56.

Cawthon, Charles R. "The Futility of Foxholes that Can't be Fought From." Army (Aug 1961): pp. 24-5. Per. Advice based on his experience.

DePuy, William E. Changing an Army: An Oral History of General…. Carlisle Barracks, PA: USAMHI, 1986. pp. 10 & 110. U53.D46.A3.

Ernst, James A. "Hasty Field Fortifications." Infantry Journal (Jun 1942): pp. 61-65. Per.

Fiske, Harold C. "Infantry Must Dig as Well as Fight." Military Engineer (1920): pp. 185-90. Per.

Hall, William C. "Dig or Die." Infantry Journal (May 1943): pp. 54-55. Per.

Kelly, Henry E. "Dig that Atomic Foxhole." Army (Jun 1956): pp. 38-39. Per. Considers conventional emplacements inadequate for nuclear warfare and calls for development of better one.

Leland, Edward P. Engineering Tests of the Explosive Foxhole Digger. Report, US Army Engineer R&D Labs, 1958. 210 p. UG380.L44. Individual explosive charges device. Intrenchments p.5

"Sketch of Individual Rifle Pits made by German Soldiers." Navy & Army (14 Nov 1914): p. 7. Per.

U.S. Army Engineer Research and Develop Labs. Engineering Tests of the Explosive Foxhole Digger. Report, Ft Belvoir, VA, Oct 1958. 206 p. UG380.L44.

U.S. Dept of Army. Field Fortifications: Field Manual 5-15, dated Oct 1959. 269 p. MilPub-FM. See Chap 8, esp pp. 63-71.

_____. Lessons Learned Vietnam Primer: DA Pamphlet 525-2, dated Apr 1967. pp. 43-46. MilPub-Pam.

See also: -German, WWII: Foreign Military Studies Guide/Index, p. 147. -Japanese, WWII: U167.K41, UG360.S6, UG403.E9.