World War I Lecture Notes
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The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2Nd December 1917
Centre for First World War Studies A Moonlight Massacre: The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2nd December 1917 by Michael Stephen LoCicero Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts & Law June 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The Third Battle of Ypres was officially terminated by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig with the opening of the Battle of Cambrai on 20 November 1917. Nevertheless, a comparatively unknown set-piece attack – the only large-scale night operation carried out on the Flanders front during the campaign – was launched twelve days later on 2 December. This thesis, a necessary corrective to published campaign narratives of what has become popularly known as „Passchendaele‟, examines the course of events from the mid-November decision to sanction further offensive activity in the vicinity of Passchendaele village to the barren operational outcome that forced British GHQ to halt the attack within ten hours of Zero. A litany of unfortunate decisions and circumstances contributed to the profitless result. -
To Examine the Horrors of Trench Warfare
TRENCH WARFARE Objective: To examine the horrors of trench warfare. What problems faced attacking troops? What was Trench Warfare? Trench Warfare was a type of fighting during World War I in which both sides dug trenches that were protected by mines and barbed wire Cross-section of a front-line trench How extensive were the trenches? An aerial photograph of the opposing trenches and no-man's land in Artois, France, July 22, 1917. German trenches are at the right and bottom, British trenches are at the top left. The vertical line to the left of centre indicates the course of a pre-war road. What was life like in the trenches? British trench, France, July 1916 (during the Battle of the Somme) What was life like in the trenches? French soldiers firing over their own dead What were trench rats? Many men killed in the trenches were buried almost where they fell. These corpses, as well as the food scraps that littered the trenches, attracted rats. Quotes from soldiers fighting in the trenches: "The rats were huge. They were so big they would eat a wounded man if he couldn't defend himself." "I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat." What other problems did soldiers face in the trenches? Officers walking through a flooded communication trench. -
Vehicle Design
ME1460 Bachelor Thesis in Media Technology Adam Åberg ST 2013 Blekinge Institute of Technology Bachelor Thesis in Media Technology 30 ECTS-cr Spring term 2013 Vehicle Design The Concept of Recontextualization Åberg Adam Supervisor: Peter Giger & Patrik Vörén Examinator: Lena Trojer Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Planning and Media Design 1 ME1460 Bachelor Thesis in Media Technology Adam Åberg ST 2013 Blekinge Institute of Technology Abstrakt Denna uppsats syftar till att utforska hur begreppet recontextualisering kan användas i samband med design koncept av krigsfordon skapade för antingen spel eller film produktioner. Dessa krigsfordon placeras i olika miljöer och anpassas för tjänst i dessa miljöer med hjälp av grafiska koncept. Dessa grafiska koncept skapas med hjälp av begreppet rekontextualisering. Uppsatsen undersöker hur vida man kan gå tillväga för att skapa dessa grafiska koncept och vilken betydelse det har för skapandet av ett spel eller en film. Med denna uppsats undersöks även industriell design som Feng Zhu (2012) förklarar det i kombination med illustration och skillnaden däremellan samt hur bägge är relevanta för denna uppsatsen samt dess produktion eller liknande produktioner. Sammanfattningsvis skapas dessa konceptuella prototyper och därefter analyseras samt dokumenteras resultaten och slutsatserna i en diskussion. Nyckelord: Recontextualisering, prototyp, koncept, idustriell design, illustration, vehicle, design. Abstract This thesis intends to explore how the concept of recontextualisation can be used in conjunction with design based concepts of war vehicles created for either game or movie productions. These vehicles of war are placed in different environments and adapted for services in these environments via graphic concepts. These graphic concepts are in turn created using the concept of recontextualization. -
Trench Warfare
Aaron Berman, Will Ryan, and Jim Wald Trench Warfare A Comparative Analysis of Civil War and World War I Trenches Lauren Fraser 4/30/2013 Page | 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: “A Soldier’s Life for Me”…Life in the Trenches ....................................... 7 Chapter 2: The Building of the Trenches ....... 32 Chapter 3: European Observations and the Trenches of WWI ............................... 55 Conclusion: ................................... 79 Bibliography .................................. 85 Page | 2 Trench Warfare A Comparative Analysis of Civil War and World War I Trenches Intro: Trench warfare, or occasionally “siege warfare”, is often defined as a form of “occupied fighting lines” in which soldiers are protected by field works from an opposing front’s artillery and small-arms fire. One tends to picture trench warfare as two large armies bogged down due to heavy artillery and unable to do more than move gradually inch by inch across a battlefield; or of men leaping out of trenches to dash headlong into immense fire and certain death. Sometimes considered representative of futility in war, trench warfare has become synonymous with stalemates in the midst of conflict, of the wearing down of enemy forces until they are unable to continue from lack of arms or morale, and of a form of warfare that is nothing more than senseless slaughter in less-than-stellar environments. Trench warfare is so often associated with World War I because its usage was such a prominent characteristic. Tactically and strategically, the use of trenches for defensive purposes was not particularly new by 1914. Field fortifications – forts, strongholds, and even trenches – have Page | 3 been in sporadic usage throughout warfare as far back as the Romans, although not to the same extent as during the First World War. -
The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days
University of Washington Tacoma UW Tacoma Digital Commons History Undergraduate Theses History Winter 3-12-2020 The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations. Duncan Hamlin [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/history_theses Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Hamlin, Duncan, "The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations." (2020). History Undergraduate Theses. 44. https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/history_theses/44 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at UW Tacoma Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of UW Tacoma Digital Commons. The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations. A Senior Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation Undergraduate History Program of the University of Washington By Duncan Hamlin University of Washington Tacoma 2020 Advisor: Dr. Nicoletta Acknowledgments I would first like to thank Dr. Burghart and Dr. Nicoletta for guiding me along with this project. This has been quite the process for me, as I have never had to write a paper this long and they both provided a plethora of sources, suggestions and answers when I needed them. -
The Experience of the German Soldier on the Eastern Front
AUTONOMY IN THE GREAT WAR: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE GERMAN SOLDIER ON THE EASTERN FRONT A THESIS IN History Presented to the Faculty of the University Of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS By Kevin Patrick Baker B.A. University of Kansas, 2007 Kansas City, Missouri 2012 ©2012 KEVIN PATRICK BAKER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AUTONOMY IN THE GREAT WAR: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE GERMAN SOLDIER ON THE EASTERN FRONT Kevin Patrick Baker, Candidate for the Master of Arts Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2012 ABSTRACT From 1914 to 1919, the German military established an occupation zone in the territory of present day Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. Cultural historians have generally focused on the role of German soldiers as psychological and physical victims trapped in total war that was out of their control. Military historians have maintained that these ordinary German soldiers acted not as victims but as perpetrators causing atrocities in the occupied lands of the Eastern Front. This paper seeks to build on the existing scholarship on the soldier’s experience during the Great War by moving beyond this dichotomy of victim vs. perpetrator in order to describe the everyday existence of soldiers. Through the lens of individual selfhood, this approach will explore the gray areas that saturated the experience of war. In order to gain a better understanding of how ordinary soldiers appropriated individual autonomy in total war, this master’s thesis plans to use an everyday-life approach by looking at individual soldiers’ behaviors underneath the canopy of military hegemony. -
Conrad Von Hötzendorf and the “Smoking Gun”: a Biographical Examination of Responsibility and Traditions of Violence Against Civilians in the Habsburg Army 55
1914: Austria-Hungary, the Origins, and the First Year of World War I Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) Samuel R. Williamson, Jr. (Guest Editor) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 23 uno press innsbruck university press Copyright © 2014 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive. New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America Design by Allison Reu Cover photo: “In enemy position on the Piave levy” (Italy), June 18, 1918 WK1/ALB079/23142, Photo Kriegsvermessung 5, K.u.k. Kriegspressequartier, Lichtbildstelle Vienna Cover photo used with permission from the Austrian National Library – Picture Archives and Graphics Department, Vienna Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press by Innsbruck University Press ISBN: 9781608010264 ISBN: 9783902936356 uno press Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Ferdinand Karlhofer, Universität Innsbruck Assistant Editor Markus Habermann -
Life in the Trenches in WW1
Life in the Trenches in WW1 Trench warfare was a tactic used by British, French and Russian Forces, on one side and German and Austrian armies on the other, fighting on both the Western and Eastern Fronts during World War 1. Why dig trenches? To protect soldiers from shell fire and stop the enemy advancing forward. Size 1-2 metres wide, and 3m deep Types In the British Sectors there were 3 lines of trenches: the front, support and reserve. Life in the Trenches in WW1 Trenches were defensive positions formed out of dug-out embankments. They were protected by barbed wire and reinforced with sandbags and wood. The bottom was covered with boards, made of wood, called duckboards. Duckboards were supposed to protect the soldiers’ feet from the water and mud but trenches were often muddy damp places when exposed to bad weather. The front trench This was made up of fire and command trenches. The fire trenches were not straight but continuous and had sections or firebays. These were as much as 9 metres long. They were separated by traverses. The traverses helped protect the soldiers from blasts from shells which could land in the next bay and from attacks down the middle of the trench. Soldiers spent 8 days in this trench. These trenches contained a Fire Step which was 2-3 metres high and used by the soldiers to fire through the parapet sandbags at the top of the trench at the enemy. The command trenches had officer command posts in them. They also had dug outs, for rest, and latrines. -
STANDARDS for ARMORED CAR and ARMED COURIER SERVICES I •
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Standards for •. ~ I Armored Car and I I Armed Courier I I Services ~ A REPORT PREPARED BY THE PRIVATE SECURITY ADVISORY COUNCIL, LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ~_........ t. ____.......I:o_~"'._'Y"~ __ ~~_~' _____ ~_ . _____ .lL _______ ~ .... "__ .......... ~ _____~_ .0_ m SEP 30',971 STANDARDS FOR ARMORED CAR AND ARMED COURIER SERVICES i • Prepared by the PRIVATE SECURITY ADVISORY COUNCIL to the LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE JUNE, 1977 Points of view or oplnlons expressed in this document are those of the Private Security Advisory Council, and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Department of Justice. PRIVATE SECURITY ADVISORY COUNCil. of the United Scates Departme-nt of Justice Law Enforcement Assistance Administration June 15, 1977 Mr. James M.H. Gregg Acting Administrator Law Enforcement Assistance Administration U.S. Department of Justice 633 Indiana Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20531 Dear Mr. Gregg: As Chairman of the Private Security Advisory Council, it gives me pleasure to forward the attached report, Standards for Armored Car and Armed Courier Services, aevelopea by the Council for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. This document is the culmination of many hours of volunteer effort by members of the Council and the members of the Armored Car Committee. In its efforts to improve the crime prevention and reduction capability of private security, the Council and its Armored Car Committee feel that these standards will aid in maximizing the competency and effectiveness of this vital component of private security. -
How to Demilitarize the Police
HOW TO DEMILITARIZE THE POLICE Bernard E. Harcourt Isidor and Seville Sulzbacher Professor of Law and Professor of Political Science at Columbia University September 2020 INTRODUCTION As peaceful protesters throughout the United wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Heavily weaponized States challenge the police killings of Black police officers in fully armored vehicles face-off women and men, they are confronted today with against mostly peaceful and unarmed civilian fully militarized police forces, equipped with M4 protesters. A new militarized police force has been rifles, sniper scopes, camouflage gear and helmets, deployed on Main Street USA, with images like tanks and mine-resistant ambush-protected these flooding our news feeds and social media: (MRAP) vehicles, and grenade launchers from the HOW TO DEFUND POLICE MILITARIZATION 2 This was on display on June 1 in Washington, This rhetoric is not unique to the Trump D.C., after President Donald Trump mobilized administration—it reflects the reality of modern the military police and a U.S. Army Black Hawk American policing in towns and cities across helicopter to control peaceful protesters, and the country. In 2014, responding to protests in deployed the 82nd Airborne Division to D.C. Then, Ferguson, Missouri, after the police killing of after tear-gassing and shooting peaceful protesters Michael Brown, SWAT officers, dressed in Marine with rubber bullets to clear a path for that now- pattern (MARPAT) camouflage moved next to infamous church photo-op, Trump marched with armored vehicles that looked like tanks with the Secretary of Defense and the highest-ranking mounted high-caliber guns. They frequently military general, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs pointed their Mega AR-15 Marksman and M4 of Staff Mark Milley, by his side—with General rifles, sniper Leupold long-range scopes, and Milley in full combat uniform. -
Narco Armor: Improvised Armored Fighting Vehicles in Mexico Robert J
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CGU Faculty Publications and Research CGU Faculty Scholarship 1-1-2013 Narco Armor: Improvised Armored Fighting Vehicles in Mexico Robert J. Bunker Claremont Graduate University Byron Ramirez Claremont Graduate University Recommended Citation Bunker, R.J. & Ramirez, B. (Eds.). (2013). Narco Armor: Improvised Armored Fighting Vehicles in Mexico. Fort Leavenworth, KS: The orF eign Military Studies Office. This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in CGU Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WL KNO EDGE NCE ISM SA ER IS E A TE N K N O K C E N N T N I S E S J E N A 3 V H A A N H Z И O E P W O I T E D N E Z I A M I C O N O C C I O T N S H O E L C A I N M Z E N O T Narco Armor Improvised Armored Fighting Vehicles in Mexico Robert J. Bunker and Byron Ramirez, Editors In cooperation with Borderland Beat, InSight Crime, & Small Wars Journal— El Centro Open Source, Foreign Perspective, Underconsidered/Understudied Topics The Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, is an open source research organization of the U.S. Army. It was founded in 1986 as an innovative program that brought together military specialists and civilian academics to focus on military and security topics derived from unclassified, foreign media. -
Living with the Enemy in First World War France
i The experience of occupation in the Nord, 1914– 18 ii Cultural History of Modern War Series editors Ana Carden- Coyne, Peter Gatrell, Max Jones, Penny Summerfield and Bertrand Taithe Already published Carol Acton and Jane Potter Working in a World of Hurt: Trauma and Resilience in the Narratives of Medical Personnel in Warzones Julie Anderson War, Disability and Rehabilitation in Britain: Soul of a Nation Lindsey Dodd French Children under the Allied Bombs, 1940– 45: An Oral History Rachel Duffett The Stomach for Fighting: Food and the Soldiers of the First World War Peter Gatrell and Lyubov Zhvanko (eds) Europe on the Move: Refugees in the Era of the Great War Christine E. Hallett Containing Trauma: Nursing Work in the First World War Jo Laycock Imagining Armenia: Orientalism, Ambiguity and Intervention Chris Millington From Victory to Vichy: Veterans in Inter- War France Juliette Pattinson Behind Enemy Lines: Gender, Passing and the Special Operations Executive in the Second World War Chris Pearson Mobilizing Nature: the Environmental History of War and Militarization in Modern France Jeffrey S. Reznick Healing the Nation: Soldiers and the Culture of Caregiving in Britain during the Great War Jeffrey S. Reznick John Galsworthy and Disabled Soldiers of the Great War: With an Illustrated Selection of His Writings Michael Roper The Secret Battle: Emotional Survival in the Great War Penny Summerfield and Corinna Peniston- Bird Contesting Home Defence: Men, Women and the Home Guard in the Second World War Trudi Tate and Kate Kennedy (eds)