Armistice Day Secondary Pupil Resource

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

3rd March 1918 21st March 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Ludendorff Offensive begins Peace Treaty between Russia and Germany Also known as the Spring Offensive. This attack following the October Revolution in Russia and on the Western Front was led by General Russia’s subsequent withdrawal from the war. Ludendorff. The surprise attack pushed the Allies back across old Somme battlefields towards Paris. 18th July 1918 8th August 1918 Aisne-Marne Offensive begins Hundred Days Offensive begins with the Battle of Amiens A counter attack by American and French A surprise attack by the Allies, led by General forces, led by Marshal Foch, which stopped the Rawlinson, against German troops. This Germans on the River Marne near Paris and offensive continued until the end of the war. began to push them back. 30th September 1918 5th October 1918 Ceasefire with Bulgaria comes in to Hindenburg Line broken through by effect Allies Bulgaria asked the Allies if they could discuss a After arriving at the supposedly impenetrable ceasefire. Discussions took place in Salonica. Hindenburg Line on 26th September 1918, the The peace agreement was signed on 29th Allies eventually broke through on this day and September 1918 and came into effect the next began crossing open county. day at noon. 30th October 1918 4th November 1918 Ottoman Empire agrees a Austria-Hungary agree a ceasefire ceasefire Peace agreement with the Allies sees Ceasefire agreed by representatives from Austria-Hungary withdraw from the war. Britain and the Ottoman Empire. It marked the end of the Ottoman Empire’s involvement in World War I. 8th November 1918 9th November 1918 Germans and Allies meet to German Kaiser abdicates discuss an Armistice The leader of Germany, Kaiser Wilhelm II, The German delegation led by Matthias steps down. Germany becomes a republic. Erzberger met representatives of the Allies led by Marshal Foch. Discussions took place in a railway carriage in the Forest of Compiègne in France. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days
University of Washington Tacoma UW Tacoma Digital Commons History Undergraduate Theses History Winter 3-12-2020 The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations. Duncan Hamlin [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/history_theses Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Hamlin, Duncan, "The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations." (2020). History Undergraduate Theses. 44. https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/history_theses/44 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at UW Tacoma Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of UW Tacoma Digital Commons. The American Army Air Service During World War I's Hundred Days Offensive: Looking at Reconnaissance, Bombing and Pursuit Aviation in the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Operations. A Senior Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation Undergraduate History Program of the University of Washington By Duncan Hamlin University of Washington Tacoma 2020 Advisor: Dr. Nicoletta Acknowledgments I would first like to thank Dr. Burghart and Dr. Nicoletta for guiding me along with this project. This has been quite the process for me, as I have never had to write a paper this long and they both provided a plethora of sources, suggestions and answers when I needed them.
[Show full text]
Living with the Enemy in First World War France
i The experience of occupation in the Nord, 1914– 18 ii Cultural History of Modern War Series editors Ana Carden- Coyne, Peter Gatrell, Max Jones, Penny Summerfield and Bertrand Taithe Already published Carol Acton and Jane Potter Working in a World of Hurt: Trauma and Resilience in the Narratives of Medical Personnel in Warzones Julie Anderson War, Disability and Rehabilitation in Britain: Soul of a Nation Lindsey Dodd French Children under the Allied Bombs, 1940– 45: An Oral History Rachel Duffett The Stomach for Fighting: Food and the Soldiers of the First World War Peter Gatrell and Lyubov Zhvanko (eds) Europe on the Move: Refugees in the Era of the Great War Christine E. Hallett Containing Trauma: Nursing Work in the First World War Jo Laycock Imagining Armenia: Orientalism, Ambiguity and Intervention Chris Millington From Victory to Vichy: Veterans in Inter- War France Juliette Pattinson Behind Enemy Lines: Gender, Passing and the Special Operations Executive in the Second World War Chris Pearson Mobilizing Nature: the Environmental History of War and Militarization in Modern France Jeffrey S. Reznick Healing the Nation: Soldiers and the Culture of Caregiving in Britain during the Great War Jeffrey S. Reznick John Galsworthy and Disabled Soldiers of the Great War: With an Illustrated Selection of His Writings Michael Roper The Secret Battle: Emotional Survival in the Great War Penny Summerfield and Corinna Peniston- Bird Contesting Home Defence: Men, Women and the Home Guard in the Second World War Trudi Tate and Kate Kennedy (eds)
[Show full text]
Armistice of November 1918: Centenary Table of Contents Debate on 5 November 2018 1
Armistice of November 1918: Centenary Table of Contents Debate on 5 November 2018 1. Events Leading to the Armistice of November 1918 Summary 2. Armistice of November 1918 This House of Lords Library Briefing has been prepared in advance of the debate due to take place on 5 November 2018 in the House of Lords on the 3. Centenary motion moved by Lord Ashton of Hyde (Conservative), “that this House takes Commemorations of the note of the centenary of the armistice at the end of the First World War”. Armistice in the UK On 11 November 1918, an armistice between the Allied Powers and Germany was signed, ending the fighting on the western front during the First World War. The armistice was signed at 5am in a French railway carriage in Compiègne, and the guns stopped firing six hours later, at 11am. Under the terms of the armistice, Germany was to relinquish all the territory it had conquered since 1914, as well as Alsace-Lorraine. The Rhineland would be demilitarised, and the German fleet was to be interned in harbours of neutral countries or handed to the British. Announcing the terms in the House of Commons, the British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, expressed relief at the “end[ing of] the cruellest and most terrible war that has ever scourged mankind”. The centenary of the signing of the armistice will be marked on 11 November 2018 by a series of events. The traditional national service of remembrance at the Cenotaph will take place, as well as the Royal British Legion’s veteran dispersal and march past the Cenotaph.
[Show full text]
Conflict and Tension, 1894-1918 Revision Pack
Lady Hawkins’ School, History Department Paper 1 Conflict and Tension, 1894-1918 Revision Pack Name: Class: 1 Lady Hawkins’ School, History Department PAPER 1 CHECKLIST: Conflict and tension, 1894–1918. PART ONE: THE CAUSES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR. 1. THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM. Topic Checklist The Triple Alliance. Franco-Russian Alliance. Relations between the ‘Entente’ powers. The crises in Morocco and the Balkans (1908-1909) and their effects on international relations. 2. Anglo-German Rivalry. Topic Checklist Britain and the challenges to Splendid Isolation. Kaiser Wilhelm’s aims in foreign policy, including Weltpolitik. Colonial tensions. European rearmament, including the Anglo-German naval race. 3. Outbreak of War. Topic Checklist Slav nationalism and relations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo and its consequences. The July Crisis. The Schlieffen Plan and Belgium. Reasons for the outbreak of hostilities and the escalating war. PART TWO: THE FIRST WORLD WAR: STALEMATE. 1. The Schlieffen Plan. Topic Checklist The reasons for the plan. Failure. The Battle of the Marne and its contribution to the stalemate. 2. The Western Front. Topic Checklist Military tactics and technology, including trench warfare. War of attrition. Key battles, Verdun, the reasons for, the events and significance of Verdun. Key battles, the Somme, the reasons for, the events and significance of the Somme. Key battles - Passchendaele, the reasons for, the events and significance of the battle. 3. The wider War. Topic Checklist The war on other fronts. Gallipoli and its failure. The events and significance of the war at sea, including Jutland. The U-boat campaign and convoys.
[Show full text]
History GCSE Summer Holiday Homework Year 9 Into 10
History GCSE Summer Holiday Homework Year 9 into 10 At the start of Year 10 you will be studying The First World War Learn all the facts on the knowledge organiser. You will be tested on these at key points throughout the unit. 94 Facts You Need to Know!- The First World War 1. Kaiser Wilhelm II- The German ruler 1888-1918 2. Weltpolitik- the Kaiser’s foreign policy- intended to make Germany a major world power by expanding its empire and armed forces 3. The Triple Alliance- alliance- formed 1882-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy 4. The Triple Entente- alliance- formed 1907- Britain, France, Russia 5. Morocco Crisis, 1905- flashpoint over imperialism- Germany and France- Kaiser made speech supporting Moroccan independence, conference followed 6. Morocco Crisis, 1911- flashpoint over imperialism- Germany and France- Kaiser sends gunboat Panther to Agadir 7. Balkans Crisis, 1908- - flashpoint over nationalism- Austria takes over provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Russia angry at occupation of Slavic land 8. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand- 28th June 1914, heir to Austrian throne killed by Serbian assassin Gavrilo Princip 9. Slav nationalism- desire for the Slavic people to have their lands in the Balkans- popular in Serbia and Russia 10. July Crisis- the chain of events in the summer of 1914 which led to war being declared 11. Strength of the British military forces in 1914- 0.5 million men 12. Strength of the German military forces in 1914- 1.5 million men 13. Strength of the French military forces in 1914- 0.9 million men 14. Strength of the Russian military forces in 1914- 0.5 million men 15.
[Show full text]
The Correspondence of American Doughboys and American Censorship During the Great War 1917-1918 Doctors of Letters Dissertation By
LETTERS FROM THE WESTERN FRONT: THE CORRESPONDENCE OF AMERICAN DOUGHBOYS AND AMERICAN CENSORSHIP DURING THE GREAT WAR 1917-1918 A dissertation submitted to the Caspersen School of Graduate Studies Drew University in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree, Doctor of Letters Scott L. Kent Drew University Madison, New Jersey April 2021 Copyright © 2021 by Scott L. Kent All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Letters from the Western Front: The Correspondence of American Doughboys and American Censorship during the Great War 1917-1918 Doctors of Letters Dissertation by Scott L. Kent The Caspersen School of Graduate Studies Drew University April 2021 Censorship has always been viewed by the American military as an essential weapon of warfare. The amounts, and types, of censorship deployed have varied from conflict to conflict. Censorship would reach a peak during America’s involvement in the First World War. The American military feared that any information could be of possible use to the German war machine, and it was determined to prevent any valuable information from falling into their hands. The result would be an unprecedented level of censorship that had no antecedent in American history. The censorship of the First World War came from three main directions, official censorship by the American government, by the American military, and the self- censorship of American soldiers themselves. Military censorship during the Great War was thorough and invasive. It began at the training camps and only intensified as the doughboys moved to their ports of embarkation, and then to the Western Front. Private letters were opened, read, censored, and even destroyed.
[Show full text]
The Hundred Days Offensive As a Case Study
Library and Archives Canada PA-003399 Canada Archives Library and Armoured trucks of the Motor Machine Gun Brigade during the advance from Arras, September 1918. MEASURING THE SUCCESS OF CANADA’S WARS: THE HUNDRED DAYS OFFENSIVE AS A CASE STUDY by Ryan Goldsworthy Introduction divisions and cracked some of the most seemingly impenetra- ble German positions, the Canadian Corps suffered enormous uring the final three months of the First World losses. The Corps sustained over 45,000 casualties in a mere War, the Allies instigated a series of offensives three months of fighting, which was not only its highest casu- against Germany on the Western Front which alty rate of the entire war, but in the subsequent history of the would be known as the Hundred Days Canadian military.1 Offensive. In this offensive, the Canadian DCorps served as the spearhead for the British Empire, and effectively inflicted a series of decisive defeats upon the Ryan Goldsworthy is a graduate of both the University of Toronto (Hons German Army. “Canada’s Hundred Days,” so-called because BA) and Queen’s University (MA). During his graduate education, he specialized in Canada’s combative role in the First World War. He has of Canada’s prominent and substantial role in victory, began worked closely with a senior Royal Ontario Museum curator in the on 8 August 1918 with the battle of Amiens, and carried museum’s arms and armour collection. Currently, he is working as an through to the Battle of Mons on the date of the armistice, 11 editor of peer-reviewed articles at Queen’s, and he also serves in the November 1918.
[Show full text]
British Attempts to Assess the Attrition of German Manpower
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Plymouth Electronic Archive and Research Library 1 ‘A Matter of Opinion’: British Attempts to Assess the Attrition of German Manpower, 1915-1917 LOUIS HALEWOOD1 ABSTRACT Revisionist historians of the Western Front have demonstrated that Britain had no alternative but to wage a war of attrition to defeat Germany. However, the effort to assess this process has been neglected in the historiography. This article explores British attempts to gauge the success of their strategy of wearing down German manpower. Efforts in London proved unable to supply a convincing answer. Using General Headquarters’ dubious estimates from the front, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig argued that his strategy was working. Prime Minister David Lloyd George’s inability to confound these estimates shaped his decision to permit the Passchendaele offensive. INTRODUCTION Assessing the manpower resources of an enemy state in war, and the attrition inflicted upon it, is a challenging form of strategic assessment. Producing an accurate answer requires significant quantities of detailed and accurate intelligence, which is hard to find. Low-grade sources are unlikely to produce material of the required accuracy and specificity, which even high-level penetration may fail to gather, for the states under assessment may not know the 2 answers themselves. This article explores the efforts of the British government to assess the manpower of Germany, and its casualties, during the First World War. More specifically it analyzes the attempts of the Enemy Personnel Committee, a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence (CID) comprised of statisticians, intelligence, and operations staff, to solve this problem.2 Limits to sources produced an intelligence lacuna, forcing these people to rely on comparative methods and extrapolation from unreliable data, so producing estimates of dubious power.
[Show full text]
Duty and Democracy: Parliament and the First World War
DUTY AND DEMOCRACY: DUTY AND DEMOCRACY: PARLIAMENT AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR DUTY AND DEMOCRACY: PARLIAMENT AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR CHRISTOPHER BLANCHETT CHRISTOPHER DUTY AND DEMOCRACY: PARLIAMENT AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR Acknowledgements Author: Chris Blanchett Contributions from: Oonagh Gay OBE, Mari Takayanagi, Parliamentary Archives Designer: Mark Fisher, House of Commons Design Team Many thanks to the following in assisting with the production and editing of the publication: Chris Bryant MP, Marietta Crichton-Stuart, Tom Davies, Mark Fisher, James Ford, Oonagh Gay, Emma Gormley, Greg Howard, Dr Matthew Johnson, Matt Keep, Bryn Morgan, Lee Morrow, David Natzler, David Prior, Keith Simpson MP, Professor Sir Hew Strachan, Jenny Sturt, Mari Takayanagi, Melanie Unwin, Lord Wallace of Saltaire, Edward Wood. “It is by this House of Commons that the decision must be taken, and however small a minority we may be who consider that we have abandoned our attitude of neutrality too soon, every effort should still be made to do what we can to maintain our attitude of peace towards the other Powers of Europe…War is a very different thing today from what it has been before. We look forward to it with horror.” Arthur Ponsonby MP – House of Commons, 3 August 1914. Foreword Rt. Hon John Bercow MP Speaker of the House of Commons No one in the United Kingdom was During this period, important legislation immune to the horrors of the First World was passed by Parliament that had a War, whether they were at the front, in a fundamental impact on the military strategy reserved occupation, or an anxious relative of the war and wider social changes taking beset with worry on behalf of loved ones.
[Show full text]
World War I Lecture Notes
Europe in Crisis – Class 3 – World War I Lecture Notes Slide 1 Poppies in Belgium. Poppies became a symbol of the blood shed and the young lives lost during WWI. They also grew easily in Belgium, where much of the fighting took place. Slide 2 The War on the Western Front: • The western front was a series of trenches that stretched from Belgium to the Swiss border. • 1915: In 1915, both sides focused on trying to achieve some sort of breakthrough, so they could get past the other side’s trenches. Many attempts were tried, but few had any success. • 1916: At the beginning of 1916, the Germans are feeling hot. The war on the Eastern front is going well, and Serbia had been knocked out. They decided to try to force France to concede by making her run out of men. They launched a huge offensive in March 1916 on the town of Verdun. It would be impossible for the French to retreat from Verdun, because it was on the road that led straight to Paris, so the Germans hoped to “bleed France white,” here. During the course of the six-month battle, 22 million German shells were fired. The Germans were not able to turn the tide of the war at Verdun, and the battle ended up being nothing more than a tragic exercise in industrialized killings. o The Battle of the Somme: The British launched a massive attack a town called Somme with the intention of relieving pressure from Verdun and from the Eastern front. While they didn’t achieve a breakthrough, they achieved their goal of being a distraction.
[Show full text]
Canada's Last Hundred Days in the First World War
Canada's Last Hundred Days, In The First World War. - Canada at War F... http://www.canadaatwar.ca/forums/showthread.php?t=2695 Canada at War Forums > Canada and First World War (World War I) > Battles > Canada's 100 Days User Name Remember Me? Canada's Last Hundred Days, In The First World War. Password Register FAQ Donate Members List Calendar Today's Posts Search Thread Tools Display Modes 05-21-2011, 10:35 PM Spaniard Canada's Last Hundred Days, In The First World War. The Lady From Hell! Quote: Join Date: Jan 2010 Posts: 864 Canada’s Hundred Days was a series of attacks made along the Western Front by the Canadian Corps during the Hundred Days Offensive of World War I. Reference to this period as Canada's Hundred Days is due to the substantial role the Canadian Corps of the British First Army played in causing the retreat of the German Army in a series of major battles from Amiens to Mons which along with other Allied offensives ultimately led to Germany's final defeat and surrender. Though generally referred to as the 'Hundred Days' in the English-speaking world outside of Canada, the period is more frequently recognized in Belgium and France - particularly in the areas in which the Canadians fought - as "les cent jours du Canada." During this time, the Canadian Corps fought at Amiens, Arras, the Hindenburg Line, the Canal du Nord, Bourlon Wood, Cambrai, Denain, Valenciennes and finally at Mons, on the final day of the First World War. Canadians entering the Square in Cambrai.
[Show full text]
Warfare 1914-1918 | International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Version 1.1 | Last updated 24 March 2021 Warfare 1914-1918 By William Philpott Static “trench warfare” belied a dynamic transformation in warfare between 1914 and 1918. Every army grappled with the same issues: how to end a strategic stalemate occasioned by their ability to draw on huge manpower reserves to refill their ranks; how to operate on an industrialised, technological battlefield supplied by fully-mobilized home fronts; and, tactically, how to overcome fixed defensive systems supported by concentrated firepower. By 1918 attrition emerged as the solution. New forms of operational science changed the nature of command, control and doctrine in “modern” armies and combined-arms tactics developed to allow progress across the fortified battlefield. Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 1914: An Unexpected Problem? 3 1915: The Tactics of the Trenches 3.1 Tactical Systems Emerge 3.2 Operational False Starts 4 1916: Attritional Operations 4.1 Verdun 4.2 The Somme Offensive: Learning the Way 4.3 Logistics and Other Lessons 5 1917: Steady Progress 5.1 Spring Disappointments 5.2 Summer Victories: “Bite and Hold” Tactics 6 1918: Dynamic Modern Warfare 6.1 The German Spring Offensives: Persistence without Purpose 6.2 The “Hundred Days” Offensive: The Modern Way of War Notes Selected Bibliography Citation Introduction The armies of 1918 were structured differently than those of 1914, incorporated new weaponry and operated according to tactical and operational doctrines which had developed over the course of the war.[1] Although in most theatres, along the notorious western front in particular, armies were still fighting on roughly the same ground that they had occupied since entering the war, the intervening years had seen an unprecedented transformation in the nature, methods and objectives of warfare.
[Show full text]