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Livyhistoryrome2325livy.Pdf HANDBOUND AT THE 2*0 UNI\r.RSITY OF TORONTO PRESS lO ^7.? ) 57 THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOCNDKD BY JAMKS I.OKB, LL.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L. A. POST, M.A. E. H. WARMIKGTON, m.a. LIVY VI BOOKS XX I II—XXV ^ LIVY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN THIRTEEN VOLUMES VI BOOKS XXIII—XXV TRANSLATED BY B.C-.^ FRANK GARDNER MOORE PB0FES30R EMERITUS IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMXL J'rinttd in Great Britain CONTENTS PAGE trasslator's preface vii THE manuscripts ix BOOK XXIII 1 SUMMARY OF BOOK XXIII 1"1 BOOK XXIV 173 SUMMARY OF BOOK XXIV 337 BOOK XXV 339 summary of book xxv 503 appendix: the topography of Syracuse .... 505 INDEX OF names 511 maps and PLANS— 1. CENTRAL ITALY At end 2. SOUTH ITALY AND SICILY „ 3. SYRACUSE „ 4. TARENTUM » 5. SPAIN M TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE This volume furnishes one span of a bridge ulti- mately to connect the Vth (1929) with the IXth last of those (1935), that is, to link book XXII, the translated by Professor Foster, with book XXXI, where the late Professor Sage began his work upon the Fourth Decade. In these three books (XXIII-XXV) are covered the years 216-212 B.C., including the consequences of disaster at Cannae, also Capua taken, Syracuse besieged for two years and finally captured, and the successes of Publius and Gnaeus Scipio in Spain, until they were separately over- whelmed by numbers. For works dealing Avith this period of the Second Punic War the reader is referred to the Cambridge for Ancient History, Vol. VIII, and the bibliographies its chapters ii-iv, pp. 721 ff. Lists so recent and so generally accessible make it unnecessary to insert here a bibliography, to supplement those already xiii and xv contained in Vols. V (pp. ff.) IX (p. fi.). A recent work of Professor Fabricius, of Copenhagen, correcting current errors in the topography of Syra- cuse, is discussed in the Appendix. The text here offered represents careful and oft- repeated consideration of its many problems. Obli- gations to a long hne of previous editors, including Madvig, Weissenborn, H. J. Mviller, Riemann, are gratefully acknowledged. In particular evei-y student of Livy is now constantly aware of his great indebted- ness to the labours of the late Professors Walters and vii TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE Conway, whose Oxford text edition reached a third volume in 1928 (books XXI-XXV). Every citation of the Puteanus made by them has been verified for the present volume by collation of the facsimile published by the IJibliotheque Nationalc, Avith cor- rections in a very few instances. Limited space for critical notes on so small a page obviously forbade the inclusion of the mass of inter- esting conjectui'cs, often of recent date, especially many of the plausible supplemeiita suggested by Conway or Walters, where a short line (14-22 letters) have been omitted in P or its also may archetype ; such emendations as Professor G. H. Hirst's aries for acies in xvi. Classical XXIII. 12 (p. 54 ; Review XXV, 109), or Professor E. H. Warmington's suggestion in xxxvii. that XX\'. 11 (p. 480) ad anna may origin- ally have been directly followed by ad portas, which in the MSS. and in our text follows the second dis- ciirnmt, suspiciously repeated and hence, he thinks, to be omitted (as also ac, which may have been inserted later before velut). The translator is indebted to the publishers of the Camhridge Ancient History for permission to use three maps from Vol. \ 111, with such alterations as were deemed necessary. The map of Syracuse is based upon a large Italian sheet (Catania, 1931), with important additions and radical changes due chiefly to the map of the Danish historian Fabricius mentioned above. It may be added that this translation was begun, as it happened, at Syracuse, with the passages in XXIV and XXV dealing with the siege and capture of the city, and that such an opportunity was due to a second visit after an interval of forty years. viii ^1 THE MANUSCRIPTS! P = codex Puteanus, Paris, Bibliotheque Natioiiale 5730, 5th century, C = Colbertinus, Paris, do. 5731, 10th century (or 9th). R — Romanus, Vatican Library, 9th centur}\ M— Mediceus, Florence, Laurentian Library, 10th century\ B = Bambergensis, Bamberg, 10th century (or Uth). D = Cantabrigiensis, Trinity College, Cambridge, 12th century. A = Agennensis, British Museum, 13th century. N — Laurentianus Notatus, Florence, 13th century (rarely cited). F = Fragmenta Monacensia (two), Munich, 11th centur}'.^ r — inferior MS. or MSS., 14th or 15th century (for P^, A^, etc., see below). — late correction in a MS. 1/ (e.g., Ay), z = early editor or commentator. From P all the rest of the MSS. of XXI-XXV are directly or indirectly descended. In the critical notes corrections presumed to be by the original scribe are ^ For details consult the Oxford text of Walters and Conway, vol. Ill, 1928. The best MS. of the Epitomes is the Naza- rianus, Heidelberg, 9th century. - A few chapters of XXIII only, beginning at xxxii. 11 and xlvii. 1. ix THE MANUSCRIPTS marked P^, by later hands, P^, P^, etc., corrections which cannot be so listed (mainly erasures), P^; and so for the other MSS. Arabic numbers in parenthesis indicate three or more MSS., as follows: (1) CRMDA (with B from XXIV. vii. 8, and so for each of the numbers below ^). (2) CRMD (3) CRMA (4) CRM (5) CRDA (6) CRD (l) CMDA (8) CMD (9) CMA (10) RMDA (li) RMD (12) RMA (13) RDA (14) MDA ^ Unless B is separately mentioned. c? LIVY FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY BOOK XXIII VOL. VI. T. LIVI AB URBE CONDITA LIBER XXIII 2 A.u.c. I. Hannibal^ post Cannensem pugnamcastraque '*'* capta ac direpta confestim ex Apulia in Sannuum ^ moverat, accitus in Hirpinos a Static Trebio polli- 2 cente se Compsam traditurum. Compsanus erat Trebius nobilis inter suos sed eum ; premebat Mopsiorum factio, familiae per gratiam Romanorum 3 potentis. Post famam Cannensis pugnae volga- tumque Trebi sermonibus adventum Hannibalis cum ^ Mopsiani urbe excessissent, sine certamine tradita 4 urbs Poeno praesidiumque acceptum est. Ibi praeda omni atque impedimentis relictis, exercitu partito Magonem regionis eius urbes aut deficientis ab Romanis accipere aut detractantis cogere ad defec- 5 tioneni iubet, ipse per agrum Campanum mare inferum petit, oppugnaturus Neapolim, ut urbem 6 maritimam haberet. Ubi fines Neapolitanorum 1 Hannibal Valla : haec Hannibal P(l). * castraque Valla : castra A'z : binaque castra Lucks : om.P(l). ' Trebio Gronovius : om. P(l). * Mopsiani Qronovius : compsam P(l). LIVY FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY BOOK XXIII I. After the battle of Cannae and the capture and b.c. 2k plunder of the camps, Hannibal had moved at once out of Apulia into Samnium, being invited into the land of the Hirpini by Statius Trebius, who promised that he would turn over Compsa to him. Trebius was a Compsan of high rank among his people, but opposed by the party of the Mopsii, a family made powerful by the favour of the Romans. After the news of the battle of Cannae, and Avhen the coming; of Hannibal had been made known by utterances of Trebius, since the Mopsii had left the city, it was handed over to the Carthaginians without resistance and a garrison admitted. There Hannibal left all his booty and the baggage, divided his army, and ordered Mago either to take over such cities of that region as were deserting the Romans or to compel them to desert in case they refused. He himself made his way through the Campanian region to the Lower Sea,i intending to attack Neapolis, that he might have a seaport. On entering the territory of the ^ I.e. the Tuscan Sea; of. xxxviii. 1. 3 b2 LIVY A.u.c. intravit, Numidas partim in insidiis—et pleraeque cavae sunt viae sinusque occulti—quacumque apte poterat disposuit, alios prae se actam praedam ex 7 agris ostentantis obequitai-e portis iussit. In quos, quia nee multi et incompositi videbantur, cum turma in equitum erupisset, ab cedentibus consulto tracta 8 insidias circumventa est; nee evasisset quisquam, ni mare propinquum et baud procul litore naves, piscatoriae pleraeque, conspectae peritis nandi 9 dedisscnt efFugium. Aliquot tamen eo proelio nobiles iuvenes capti caesique, inter quos et Hegeas, praefectus equitum, intemperantius cedentes secutus 10 cecidit. Ab urbe oppugnanda Poenum absterruere conspecta moenia haudcpiac^uam prompta oppug- nanti. II. Inde Capuam flectit iter luxuriantem longa felicitate atque indulgentia fortunae, maxime tamen inter corrupta omnia licentia_^lebis sine modo liber- 2 tatem exercentis. Senatum et sibi et plebi obnoxium Pacuvius Calavius fecerat, nobilis idem ac popularjs 3 homo, ccterum malis artibus nanctus opes. Is cum eo forte anno quo res male gesta ad Trasumennum est in summo magistratu esset, iam diu infestam senatui plebem ratus per occasionem novandi res magnmn ausuram facinus ut, si in ea loca Hannibal cum vic- tore exercitu venisset, trucidato senatu traderet 1 He was caYlodmcjlix tuticus; of. xxxv. 13. For the defeat of Flamiiiius at the Trasumcnnus cf. XXII. iv ff. BOOK XXllI. I. 6-II. 3 in b.o. 216 Neapolitans, he stationed some of the Nuniidians ambush, wherever he conveniently could (and most of the roads are deep-cut and the turnings concealed). Other Numidians he ordered to ride up to the gates, making a display of the booty they were driving along before them from the farms. Against these men, because they seemed to be few in number and a but disorganized, a troop of cavalry made sally, being drawn into the ambush by the enemy's pur- not a posely retreating, it was overpowered.
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