Réunis Dans Cette Édition Tous Les Partis Politiques Admis À Concourir Aux Scrutins Dans «Le Soft International» Et Nulle Part Ailleurs, De La Page 7 À La Page 18

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Réunis Dans Cette Édition Tous Les Partis Politiques Admis À Concourir Aux Scrutins Dans «Le Soft International» Et Nulle Part Ailleurs, De La Page 7 À La Page 18 à kingakati, le triple message subliminal de kabila par Tryphon Kin-kiey Mulumba Lettre Pages 3 à 4. à l’histoire LE PLUS FORT TIRAGE | LA PLUS FORTE VENTE | LA PLUS FORTE AUDIENCE | DE TOUS LES TEMPS i n t e r n a t i o n a l S I N C E 1 9 8 9 N°1436 | veNdredi 18 Mai 2018 | 20 PaGeS €7 $8 CdF 10500 | FONdÉ à kiNShaSa Par TrYPhON kiN-kieY MULUMBa www.lesoftonline.net www.lesoft.be La main lourde de e Premier Gaston Musemena condamnables, ré- Ponyo lui, savait Tministre et, derniershibala en date, cidive au point que frapper. Pour avoir frappe Me Lumeya Dhu le ministre se voit signé nombre d’ar- très vite et Maleghi des affai- interdire désormais rêtés critiqués, Bo- sa parole res foncières. Les toute initiative mi- naventure Chelo Lest lourde. Mais à trois ministres se nistérielle qui ne Lotshima, ministre force de distribuer sont avachis dans passerait pas par la de l’enseigne- du courrier à ses leur sofa après Primature, ce qui ment supérieur et ministres, il court avoir reçu et lu le est un risque poli- Universitaire fut le risque de perdre courrier de Bruno tique majeur dès révoqué d’office, de son autorité. Tshibala Nzen- lors que le ministre un 20 novembre Trois de ses minis- zhe. Si le Premier est seul à répondre 2013. Il fut ministre tres au moins ont ministre a raison de ses actes devant de l’enseignement fait les frais de sa quand il expose les le Parlement - on Supérieur et Uni- main lourde. Le «attendus» - men- s’attendrait à la versitaire. C’est kengiste UFC en songes et irrespon- sanction équiva- aussi cela l’autorité charge du Touris- sabilité de tel mi- lente, suspension de l’État. Mais du me Franck Apenela nistre, agissements des fonctions ou courrier des mena- Mwe di Malila, le violent le Code de révocation. C’est ces sur les réseaux ministre PPRD de bonne conduite des mises en garde sociaux abaisse au l’enseignement Pri- de l’agent public, avec promesse que contraire l’État. maire Secondaire déshonorent le demain ce sera le (Lire en page 6). t et Professionnel Gouvernement et Le Premier ministre Bruno Tshibala Nzenzhe. DRÉSERVÉS. couperet… Matata D. DADEI n Réunis dans cette édition tous les partis politiques admis à concourir aux scrutins dans «Le Soft international» et nulle part ailleurs, de la page 7 à la page 18 LE SOFT INTERNATIONAL EST UNE PUBLICATION DE DROIT ÉTRANGER | AUTORISATION DE DIFFUSION EN R-DCONGO M-CM/LMO/0321/MIN/08 DATÉ 13 JANVIER 2008 L’actu | à la veille des élections, à l’Équateur, les candidats craignent ebola Ils vont M’bika à Bikoro n’est en Guinée à partir le terrain avec les m’accuser pas opérationnelle, du stéréotype Zaïre. relais communau- d’avoir les ponts sont déter- C’est donc les sou- taires pour identifier transmis rés en vue de leur ches de la RDC qui les personnes ayant Ebola. réhabilitation et tout avaient contribué à été en contact avec C’est le convoi terrestre ne élaborer les souches les cas suspects. candidat peut être établi que vaccinales. Et ce C’est sur base de annoncé à par le long détour de vaccin a été testé et la liste des contacts la Présidentielle Moï- Bokatola, ce qui enta- toutes les personnes que nous pourrons Ise Katumbi Chapwe me la réactivité dans qui ont été vaccinées déclencher, pour la qui le déclarait ré- l’action», se lamente n’ont plus développé première fois dans cemment sur un le député. la maladie», a-t-il l’histoire de notre média belge. Ebola Il faut cependant es- assuré, précisant que pays, une nouvelle qui vient de se lancer pérer qu’avec l’arri- ce vaccin a été validé composante de la (ou de se relancer) au à g., le Dép. Bavon N’sa Mputu. vée le 16 mai dans la par l’OMS et «les riposte, à savoir la Congo va-t-il avoir à dr., le ministre de la Santé, le dr. Oly ilunga kalenga. DR. Capitale du premier autorités scientifi- vaccination». des répercussions dans le territoire de des équipes médi- des familles ont ma- lot de vaccin contre ques mondiales». «Les autres villes de politiques, mieux Bikoro parce que la cales. «Les équipes nipulé des individus cette fièvre hémorra- Outre Bikoro, des l’Equateur ainsi que électorales? Ministre problématique de d’assistance sur atteints par le virus gique à virus Ebola, cas ont été confirmés les villes en amont honoraire de l’Envi- l’épidémie est struc- place, ne sont qu’à et le village d’Ikoko- l’action va être effi- dans la grande ville et en aval de Mban- ronnement et de la turelle et risque de Bikoro Centre. Les Impenge, sanctuaire cace. C’est environ de Mbandaka et à daka sur le fleuve Conservation de la s’installer dans la villages de Mom- du virus, n’était pas 5.400 doses de vaccin Esesenge, à 35 km de sont placées sous nature, le Dép. Bavon durée», explique cet boyo, Ikoko-Impenge couvert, selon l’élu. qui vont constituer Faradje, province du surveillance sani- N’sa Mputu craint. Il élu du territoire de d’où est parti le vi- Outre les attroupe- une première répon- Haut-Uele. C’est Oly taire», a-t-il aussi lance un cri d’alarme. Bikoro. «Nous pen- rus, Itipo, Iboko et ments proscrits de se à la propension du Ilunga Kalenga qui a indiqué. À Esesenge, «Aujourd’hui, il y a sons qu’une action d’autres, ne sont pas la population en vue virus déclaré dans le communiqué l’infor- c’est la panique. Le une espèce d’ostra- d’endiguement ou pris en charge. Cela, d’éviter la propaga- territoire de Bikoro. mation dans la soirée médecin chef de la cisme total à Bikoro. de lutte doit s’accom- à l’évidence, augure tion de l’épidémie, Selon le ministre de de mercredi 16 mai. division provinciale, Les populations pagner d’une action un grand risque de les examens d’État la Santé, le Dr. Oly «Nous entrons dans Marcel Lola, a appelé s’isolent par peur de de sensibilisation propagation de l’épi- pourraient être me- Ilunga Kalenga qui une nouvelle phase au calme, précisant contamination. Or, le pour nos populations démie». nacés. «Au-delà de la réagissait aux di- de l’épidémie qui qu’il s’agit d’un cas processus électoral entre autre isoler les prise en charge mé- verses rumeurs, le touche désormais suspect, non encore appelle une mobi- différents villages ARRIVÉE dicale, le Gouverne- vaccin arrivé à Kins- trois zones de santé, avéré. Depuis la va- lisation de la popu- parce que la connec- DE LA RIPOSTE. ment devra s’investir hasa n’est pas expé- dont une zone de gue en cours, Ebola lation. Nous avons tivité, la fluidité de Iboko jouxte le terri- pour éclore des alter- rimental. «C’est un santé urbaine. De- a tué 23 personnes vivement des préoc- populations est très toire de Kirti dans le natives économiques vaccin qui a prouvé puis l’annonce de et on dénombre 21 cupations s’agissant accrue chez nous». Maï-Ndombe (ancien à la chasse primaire son efficacité. Il a été l’alerte à Mbandaka, cas suspects et 20 cas de l’applicabilité du Le dép. réclame un Bandundu) où du du gibier porteur du élaboré effectivement nos épidémiologis- probables. calendrier électoral déploiement adéquat personnel soignant et virus. La route reliant pendant l’épidémie tes travaillent sur ALUNGA MBUWA n Des cadres UDPS kamwena Nsapu? ccusés de Les trois individus Pierre Pandi et les ché central de Kins- Selon Félix Tshise- Kamuina seraient détenus autorités. Elle s’est hasa, Mme Chantal kedi, les services Nsapu? par la direction des répandue jusqu’à Mombi Mboyo. congolais se servent Trois renseignements gé- Kinshasa après la membre du PPRD. des origines géogra- Acadres de l’UDPS/ néraux de la police mort de Pandi, qui Selon l’ANR, 36 phiques commune Tshisekedi ont été nationale. avait trouvé la mort personnes sont dé- des Kamuina Nsapu mis aux arrêts. Dans Selon l’ANR citée par lors d’une interven- tenues dans cette et de nombreux mi- la nuit du 8 au 9 mai, J.A, les trois hommes tion des forces de po- prison en lien avec litants de l’UDPS Me Evariste Kalala seraient «impliqués» lice en août 2016. Ses des attaques du - l’ex-province du Kwete a été arrêté de manière avérée membres, convain- «réseau» Kamuina Kasaï Occidental par des hommes en dans le réseau du cus de disposer de Nsapu à Kinshasa, - pour faire croire à armes à son domi- mouvement terroris- pouvoirs mystiques, parmi lesquelles 30 leur collusion. cile, au 531 avenue te Kamuina Nsapu, ont commis de nom- seraient des mem- Si le président de Lumière, à Matete. accusé d’être respon- breuses exactions. Ce bres revendiqués de l’UDPS ne nie pas Comme deux autres sable d’«attaques en conflit a provoqué le l’UDPS. «Je connais que «certains jeunes UDPS (Jacques série à Kinshasa l’an- déplacement de plus très bien Evariste désespérés» originai- Ntumba arrêté le 16 née dernière, notam- de 900.000 personnes Kalala Kwete. C’est res de cette région avril et Paul Soko- ment à la prison de selon le HCR, Haut- un jeune intellectuel, aient pu être séduits may (Sobolay) arrêté Makala et au marché commissariat aux brillant et talentueux, par le discours et les le 19 décembre 2016), central». réfugiés des Nations que j’étais en train de croyances des mili- l’homme, 35 ans, unies.
Recommended publications
  • Congo's Elections and Its Political Landscape: Some Key-Insights
    ANALYSIS AND POLICY BRIEF N°33 December 2018 Congo’s elections and its political landscape: some key-insights On 23 of December, Congo is scheduled to go to the polls to choose their next president, as well as national and provincial representatives. For the presidential elections, they will face the choice between Joseph Kabila’s handpicked successor Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary and 20 other candidates. Total reading time: 10 mins Changing alliances in DRC Shadary is backed by the Front Commun pour le Congo (FCC, Common Front for the Congo) – a newly formed electoral pact consisting of several heavyweights in politics, business and academia. Shadary is heavily handicapped as he’s not only seen as a continuation of Joseph Kabila’s seventeen-year unpopular rule, but importantly, he lacks a strong independent political and financial base. However, despite these disadvantages, Shadary’s chances may have increased drastically with the recent dynamics within the opposition: barely 24 hours after the formation of an electoral pact and announcing Martin Fayulu as their common candidate, Felix Tshisekedi and Vital Kamerhe Kristof Titeca withdrew their support and formed their own electoral pact, CACH. Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp Based on our research on access to political positions in the DRC, we will [email protected] explain how these quickly changing alliances are not an exception, but a key- feature of the Congolese political landscape. In order to do so, this briefing James Thamani first gives an overview of the central dynamics of the Congolese political Analyst based in Kinshasa landscape, and then situates the current electoral dynamics within it.
    [Show full text]
  • Dismissed! Victims of 2015-2018 Brutal Crackdowns in the Democratic Republic of Congo Denied Justice
    DISMISSED! VICTIMS OF 2015-2018 BRUTAL CRACKDOWNS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO DENIED JUSTICE Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2020 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: “Dismissed!”. A drawing by Congolese artist © Justin Kasereka (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2020 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AFR 62/2185/2020 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 2. METHODOLOGY 9 3. BACKGROUND: POLITICAL CRISIS 10 3.1 ATTEMPTS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION 10 3.2 THE « GLISSEMENT »: THE LONG-DRAWN-OUT ELECTORAL PROCESS 11 3.3 ELECTIONS AT LAST 14 3.3.1 TIMELINE 15 4. VOICES OF DISSENT MUZZLED 19 4.1 ARBITRARY ARRESTS, DETENTIONS AND SYSTEMATIC BANS ON ASSEMBLIES 19 4.1.1 HARASSMENT AND ARBITRARY ARRESTS OF PRO-DEMOCRACY ACTIVISTS AND OPPONENTS 20 4.1.2 SYSTEMATIC AND UNLAWFUL BANS ON ASSEMBLY 21 4.2 RESTRICTIONS OF THE RIGHT TO SEEK AND RECEIVE INFORMATION 23 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Questions Concerning the Situation in the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville)
    QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE SITUATION IN THE CONGO (LEOPOLDVILLE) 57 QUESTIONS RELATING TO Guatemala, Haiti, Iran, Japan, Laos, Mexico, FUTURE OF NETHERLANDS Nigeria, Panama, Somalia, Togo, Turkey, Upper NEW GUINEA (WEST IRIAN) Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela. A/4915. Letter of 7 October 1961 from Permanent Liberia did not participate in the voting. Representative of Netherlands circulating memo- A/L.371. Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, randum of Netherlands delegation on future and Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey, Gabon, Ivory development of Netherlands New Guinea. Coast, Madagascar, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, A/4944. Note verbale of 27 October 1961 from Per- Togo, Upper Volta: amendment to 9-power draft manent Mission of Indonesia circulating statement resolution, A/L.367/Rev.1. made on 24 October 1961 by Foreign Minister of A/L.368. Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, Indonesia. Congo (Brazzaville), Dahomey, Gabon, Ivory A/4954. Letter of 2 November 1961 from Permanent Coast, Madagascar, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Representative of Netherlands transmitting memo- Togo, Upper Volta: draft resolution. Text, as randum on status and future of Netherlands New amended by vote on preamble, was not adopted Guinea. by Assembly, having failed to obtain required two- A/L.354 and Rev.1, Rev.1/Corr.1. Netherlands: draft thirds majority vote on 27 November, meeting resolution. 1066. The vote, by roll-call was 53 to 41, with A/4959. Statement of financial implications of Nether- 9 abstentions, as follows: lands draft resolution, A/L.354. In favour: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, A/L.367 and Add.1-4; A/L.367/Rev.1. Bolivia, Congo Brazil, Cameroun, Canada, Central African Re- (Leopoldville), Guinea, India, Liberia, Mali, public, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo Nepal, Syria, United Arab Republic: draft reso- (Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Dahomey, Denmark, lution and revision.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Republic of Congo Public Disclosure Authorized Systematic Country Diagnostic
    Report No. 112733-ZR Democratic Republic of Congo Public Disclosure Authorized Systematic Country Diagnostic Policy Priorities for Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity in a Post-Conflict Country and Fragile State March 2018 Africa Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized IDA (International IFC (International MIGA (Multilateral Development Association) Finance Corporation) Investment Guaranty Agency) Vice President: Makhtar Diop Snezana Stoiljkovic Keiko Honda Director: Jean-Christophe Carret Cheikh Oumar Seydi Merli Baroudi Task Team Leaders: Emmanuel Pinto Moreira (TTL) Adamou Labara (TTL) Petal Jean Hackett Chadi Bou Habib (Co-TTL) Babacar Sedikh Faye (Co-TTL) Franck M. Adoho (Co-TTL) This report was prepared by a World Bank Group team led by Emmanuel Pinto Moreira (Lead Economist and Program leader EFI (Equitable Growth, Finance, and Institutions), and TTL (Task Team Leader), including Adamou Labara (Country Manager and TTL), Babacar Sedikh Faye (Resident Representative and Co-TTL), Franck M. Adoho (Senior Economist and Co-TTL), Chadi Bou-Habib (Lead Economist and Program leader EFI, and Co-TTL), Laurent Debroux (Program Leader), Luc Laviolette (Program Leader), Andreas Schiessler (Lead Transport Specialist), Alexandre Dossou (Senior Transport Specialist), Jerome Bezzina (Senior Regulatory Economist), Malcolm Cosgroves-Davies (Lead Energy Specialist), Pedro Sanchez (Lead Energy Specialist), Manuel Luengo (Senior Energy Specialist), Anas Benbarka (Senior
    [Show full text]
  • Death in the Congo: Murdering Patrice Lumumba PDF Book
    DEATH IN THE CONGO: MURDERING PATRICE LUMUMBA PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Emmanuel Gerard | 252 pages | 10 Feb 2015 | HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780674725270 | English | Cambridge, Mass, United States Death in the Congo: Murdering Patrice Lumumba PDF Book Gordon rated it it was ok Jun 13, This feud paved the way for the takeover by Congolese army chief Colonel Mobutu Sese Seko, who placed Patrice Lumumba under house arrest, guarded by his troops and the United Nations troops. I organised it. Wilson Omali Yeshitela. During an address by Ambassador Stevenson before the Security Council, a demonstration led by American blacks began in the visitors gallery. The Assassination of Lumumba illustrated ed. Sort order. This failed when Lumumba flatly refused the position of prime minister in a Kasa-Vubu government. It is suspected to have planned an assassination as disclosed by a source in the book, Death in the Congo , written by Emmanuel Gerard and published in If you wish to know more about the life story, legacy, or even philosophies of Lumumba, we suggest you engage in further reading as that will be beyond the scope of this article. As a result of strong pressure from delegates upset by Lumumba's trial, he was released and allowed to attend the Brussels conference. Paulrus rated it really liked it Jun 15, Time magazine characterized his speech as a 'venomous attack'. He was the leader of the largest political party in the country [Mouvement National Congolais], but one that never controlled more than twenty-five percent of the electorate on its own. As Madeleine G.
    [Show full text]
  • School of Humanities & Social Sciences
    SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES DIPLOMACY IN THE CONGO CONFLICT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFORTS FROM 2001-2018 BY MUNGA ANNABEL WANGUI 633498 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AT USIU-AFRICA SUMMER 2019 i Declaration by the student This research study is my original work and has not been presented to any other examination body. No part of this research should be reproduced without my consent or that of the United States International University- Africa (USIU-A). Signature ____________________ Date___/____/ Munga Annabel Wangui Student Identification No. 633498 This research has been submitted for defence with my approval as a graduate school supervisor at USIU-A. Signature ____________________ Date ___/____/ Mr. Leonard Maumo (Supervisor) Signature ____________________ Date ___/____/ Prof. Martin C. Njoroge Dean, School of Humanities and Social Sciences Signature ____________________ Date ___/____/ Amb. Ruthie Rono Deputy Vice Chancellor, Academic Affairs ii Dedication I dedicate this work to all those who genuinely seek a peaceful and prosperous Africa, both in academia and policy. I also dedicate it to who have suffered continuously in the face of crisis in Congo and Africa as a whole yet still hope for a brighter future. We shall overcome. iii Acknowledgments I am most grateful to God for enabling me to start and complete this task. I am also indebted to my precious parents, Peter and Nellie Munga for their patience and encouragement through the process. Thank you so much Wycliffe Abok for guiding me through the research journey.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter.P65
    Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files CONGO 1960–January 1963 INTERNAL AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 755A, 770G, 855A, 870G, 955A, and 970G and FOREIGN AFFAIRS Decimal Numbers 655A, 670G, 611.55A, and 611.70G Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide Compiled by Martin Schipper A UPA Collection from 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963 [microform] : internal affairs and foreign affairs / [project coordinator, Robert E. Lester]. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Martin Schipper, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963. “The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S. Department of State in the custody of the National Archives of the United States.” ISBN 1-55655-809-0 1. Congo (Democratic Republic)—History—Civil War, 1960–1965—Sources. 2. Congo (Democratic Republic)—Politics and government—1960–1997—Sources. 3. Congo (Democratic Republic)—Foreign relations—1960–1997—Sources. 4. United States. Dept. of State—Archives. I. Title: Confidential US State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963. II. Lester, Robert. III. Schipper, Martin Paul. IV. United States. Dept. of State. V. United States. National Archives and Records Administration. VI. University Publications of America (Firm) VII. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Confidential U.S. State Department central files. Congo, 1960–January 1963. DT658.22 967.5103’1—dc21 2001045336 CIP The documents reproduced in this publication are among the records of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Republic of Congo OGN V9.0 23 December 2008
    Democratic Republic of Congo OGN v9.0 23 December 2008 OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE NOTE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1 – 1.4 2. Country assessment 2.1 – 2.10 3. Main categories of claims 3.1 – 3.5 Opposition political activists or members of former rebel forces 3.6 Members of non-government organisations (NGOs) 3.7 Non-Banyamulenge Tutsis 3.8 Banyamulenge Tutsis 3.9 General situation in the Ituri region: people of Hema or Lendu ethnicity 3.10 North Kivu 3.11 Prison conditions 3.12 4. Discretionary Leave 4.1 – 4.2 Minors claiming in their own right 4.3 Medical treatment 4.4 5. Returns 5.1 – 5.3 6. List of source documents 1. Introduction 1.1 This document evaluates the general, political and human rights situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and provides guidance on the nature and handling of the most common types of claims received from nationals/residents of that country, including whether claims are or are not likely to justify the granting of asylum, Humanitarian Protection or Discretionary Leave. Case owners must refer to the relevant Asylum Instructions for further details of the policy on these areas. 1.2 This guidance must also be read in conjunction with any COI Service DRC Country of Origin Information at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/country_reports.html 1.3 Claims should be considered on an individual basis, but taking full account of the guidance contained in this document. In considering claims where the main applicant has dependent family members who are a part of his/her claim, account must be taken of the situation of all the dependent family members included in the claim in accordance with the Asylum Instructions on Article 8 ECHR.
    [Show full text]
  • The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines
    The Executive Survey General Information and Guidelines Dear Country Expert, In this section, we distinguish between the head of state (HOS) and the head of government (HOG). • The Head of State (HOS) is an individual or collective body that serves as the chief public representative of the country; his or her function could be purely ceremonial. • The Head of Government (HOG) is the chief officer(s) of the executive branch of government; the HOG may also be HOS, in which case the executive survey only pertains to the HOS. • The executive survey applies to the person who effectively holds these positions in practice. • The HOS/HOG pair will always include the effective ruler of the country, even if for a period this is the commander of foreign occupying forces. • The HOS and/or HOG must rule over a significant part of the country’s territory. • The HOS and/or HOG must be a resident of the country — governments in exile are not listed. • By implication, if you are considering a semi-sovereign territory, such as a colony or an annexed territory, the HOS and/or HOG will be a person located in the territory in question, not in the capital of the colonizing/annexing country. • Only HOSs and/or HOGs who stay in power for 100 consecutive days or more will be included in the surveys. • A country may go without a HOG but there will be no period listed with only a HOG and no HOS. • If a HOG also becomes HOS (interim or full), s/he is moved to the HOS list and removed from the HOG list for the duration of their tenure.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CONGO COMPROMISE ERIC ROULEAU African Correspondent of *Ie Monde
    57 THE CONGO COMPROMISE ERIC ROULEAU African Correspondent of *Ie Monde EVEN though one should no longer be surprised at events in the Congo, developments in this former Belgian colony at the beginning of August must have astonished a great many people. Events unrolled as though there had never been a year of anarchy, of civil war, of political assassinations, and of dictator­ ship. Previously irreconcilable enemies were reunited in the best of parliamentary traditions, deliberated together, elected the administrative officers of both Houses, and gave their con­ fidence to a government whose head had been proposed by the President of the Republic. All this undoubtedly constitutes a posthumous victory for Patrice Lumumba who, until his tragic death, ceaselessly demanded the meeting of parliament. Twice, after his removal last September by President Kasavubu, the Houses had given him their vote of confidence, explicitly condemning the steps taken by the Head of State. Twice, anti-Lumumbist forces had claimed that the votes had been faked. But the extended parliamentary recess had clearly shown that the accusers did not believe in their own accusations. It is now confirmed: the Lumumbists have consistently held the majority inside parliament. The coalition government established at Leopoldville on 2 August is not the one of which Patrice Lumumba dreamed. The Presidency and the key portfolios of Defence, of Foreign Affairs, of Finance and of Information are not in the hands of his supporters. On the other hand, the Lumumbist bloc enjoys a large majority within the heart of the cabinet and, as well as the two Vice-Presidencies (Gizenga and Sendwe), possesses the important Ministries of the Interior and of Justice.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Congo Crisis, 1960-1961
    The Congo Crisis, 1960-1961: A Critical Oral History Conference Organized by: The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars’ Cold War International History Project and Africa Program Sponsored by: The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars September 23-24, 2004 Opening of Conference – September 23, 2004 CHRISTIAN OSTERMANN: Ladies and gentlemen I think we’ll get started even though we’re still expecting a few colleagues who haven’t arrived yet, but I think we should get started because we have quite an agenda for this meeting. Welcome all of you to the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; my name is Christian Ostermann. I direct one of the programs here at the Woodrow Wilson Center, the Cold War International History Project. The Center is the United States’ official memorial to President Woodrow Wilson and it celebrates, commemorates Woodrow Wilson through a living memorial, that is, we bring scholars from around the world, about 150 each year to the Wilson center to do research and to write. In addition to hosting fellowship programs, the Center hosts 450 meetings each year on a broad array of topics related to international affairs. One of these meetings is taking place today, and it is a very special meeting, as I will explain in a few moments. This meeting is co-sponsored by the Center’s Cold War International History project and 1 the Center’s Africa Program, directed by former Congressman Howard Wolpe. He’s in Burundi as we speak here, but some of his staff will be joining us during the course of the day.
    [Show full text]
  • Telechargez La Note De Recherche En
    2020 juin – 51 NDR n° NDR CHRONIQUE D’UNE COMMUNICATION CONFLICTUELLE DE FIN DE REGNE EN RDC Acte I : Effet contagieux de l’idéologie contestataire. De la chute du Mur de Berlin à l’Accord de la Saint-Sylvestre Par Vincent MUKWEGE [email protected] Licencié en Communications sociales, Licencié en Philosophie et Diplômé de Maîtrise en Administration Publique & Etudes du Développement. Il a travaillé à Kigali (Rwanda) de 2014 à 2018 en qualité de Communications Officer de la Collaboration Transfrontalière du Grand Virunga (GVTC). Il est actuellement chercheur indépendant et Directeur du Bureau d’Etudes & Actions en Communication (BEACCOM) Rwanda-RDC. Expertise : Communication ; Fracture numérique ; Philosophie du Développement& Environnement ; Administration Publique & Bonne Gouvernance en RDC et dans la région des Grands Lacs. Institut de Recherche et Enseignement sur la Paix www.thinkingafrica.org • [email protected] SOMMAIRE RÉSUME Ce papier de recherche prend appui sur une Résume .......................................................................... 2 chronique de la communication conflictuelle de fin I. Introduction ................................................................ 3 de règne en République Démocratique du Congo II. Aspects théoriques et conceptuels : Légalité, (RDC). La communication conflictuelle est un volet légitimité et contestation du pouvoir politique ......... 7 de la communication politique, caractérisée par des III. Construction du corpus, présentation et affrontements, des discours contradictoires
    [Show full text]