Development of an Integrated Water Monitoring Programme and development of associated databases supporting the implementation of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC in Cyprus

Contract No. 46/2005

FINAL

Framework Conditions Report Volume I October, 2006

Framework Conditions Report Vol I,Final October, 2006

Contents VOLUME I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... III ABBREVIATIONS LIST ...... IV 1 INTRODUCTION...... 1

1.1 AIM AND SCOPE OF THE REPORT ...... 1 1.2 APPROACH...... 2 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ...... 2 2 EXISTING SITUATION ...... 3

2.1 INTRODUCTION...... 3 2.2 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS AND CONSTRAINTS...... 5 2.2.1 Overview of role in water monitoring of cooperating and other Agencies .....5 2.2.1.1 Cooperating Agencies ...... 5 2.2.1.2 Other Agencies ...... 9 2.2.2 Costs related to monitoring ...... 12 2.2.3 Organizational structure and capabilities ...... 12 2.2.3.1 Cooperating Agencies ...... 13 2.2.3.2 Other Agencies ...... 16 2.2.4 Water information management and dissemination ...... 17 2.3 TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND CONSTRAINTS ...... 19 2.3.1 Assessment of the existing monitoring networks and activities focusing on technical capability and capacity of each Agency ...... 19 2.3.2 Overview of existing monitoring networks...... 21 2.3.3 Assessment of quality of data provided ...... 22 2.3.4 Assessment of the laboratories involved in water monitoring...... 25 2.3.5 Validation and Aggregation of data ...... 26 3 NEEDS ASSESSMENT ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF WFD...... 28

3.1 WFD REQUIREMENTS...... 28 3.2 DATA NEEDS OF THE BENEFICIARY AGENCIES (QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF DATA AND AGGREGATION LEVEL)...... 33 3.3 NEEDS REGARDING REQUIRED OUTPUTS IN TERMS OF INFORMATION ...... 43 4 CONSTRAINTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON EXISTING CONDITIONS ..45

4.1 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ...... 45 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF GAPS AND CONSTRAINTS ...... 45 4.3 RECOMMENDATIONS TO OVERCOME GAPS AND SHORTCOMINGS...... 48 5 ROADMAP OF ACTIVITIES...... 52 VOLUME II -APPENDICES APPENDIX 1:The Cooperating Agencies and other Agencies having a role in water monitoring APPENDIX 2: Existing Water Laws and Regulations assigning appropriateness to Agencies APPENDIX 3: Statistics on monitoring personnel and its capabilities APPENDIX 4: Existing water monitoring duties of Technicians of WDD APPENDIX 5: Databases at the Beneficiary Agencies APPENDIX 6: Overview of existing water monitoring networks APPENDIX 7: Compliance of existing monitoring networks to the requirements of Directives, technical capacity and capability APPENDIX 8: Sampling Procedure forms APPENDIX 9: Detailed evaluation of laboratories APPENDIX 10: Laboratories instrumentation lists APPENDIX 11: Accreditation level of laboratories analyses APPENDIX 12: WFD requirements APPENDIX 13: Activity Schemes road-maps APPENDIX 14: Cost of Present Monitoring Programme

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Acknowledgement

Ms N. Kotronarou of the National Observatory of Athens (IERSD/NOA) as Project Manager and Ms M. Panaretou, Hydrologist of the Water Development Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment as Project Coordinator manage this project. Valuable support for the execution of the study was received from the Water Development Department of MANRE as the implementing Agency, the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research of MANRE and the State General Laboratory of the Ministry of Health as the co- operating Agencies as well as from other agencies having a role in water monitoring and other Governmental Departments and Institutions the assistance of which is greatly appreciated. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following authorities for their contribution to the project in terms of supply of data, information and suggestions: • Water Development Department (WDD) • Department of Fisheries and Marine Research (DFMR) • General State Laboratory (SGL) • Environment Service (ES) • Department of Geological Survey (GSD) • Department of Agriculture (DA) • Department of Forests (DoF) • Meteorological Service Department (MS) • Medical Services Department

The project gratefully received important and personal input from:

Myroulla Hadjichristoforou, Marine Biologist DFMR) Marina Argyrou, Marine Biologist (DFMR) Stella Michaelidou Senior Chemist (SGL) Maro Christodoulidou, Chemist, (SGL) Costas Constantinou, Hydrogeologist (GSD) Christos Christofi, Geologist (GSD) Antonis Antoniou, Senior Environment Officer (ES) Chrystala Stylianou Environment Officer (ES) Stefanos Papatryphonos, Senior Hydrogeologist (WDD) Andreas Christodoulides, Senior Hydrogeologist (WDD) Pambos Demetriou, Hydrologist (WDD) Nikodimos Nikodimou, Senior Water Engineer, (WDD) Kyriakos Spanos, Senior Water Engineer, (WDD) Gerard Doflinger, Hydrologist (WDD)

In addition, many other professionals contributed to this project. A list of these professionals, which is by no means exhaustive, follows: Antonis Koussis (IERSD/NOA) Kyros Savides (WDD) Vaggelis Akylas (IERSD/NOA) Antonis Kolios (WDD) Adonis Georgiou (Project Management) Anthoula Shamma (WDD) Andreas Xatzivasilis (MedServ) Elias Despotis(WDD) George Savva (MedServ) Solon Kyprou (WDD) George Koumouris (MedServ) Charalambos Fylaktou (WDD) Loizos Hadjioannou (MS) Themis Agkastiniotis (WDD) Stelios Pashiardis (MS) Theodoulos Dionysiou (WDD) Chrystalla Christodoulou (MS) Nikos Nikolaou (WDD) Agathi Anastasi (SGL) Nikos Nikolaou (WDD) Sylvia Nikolaou (SGL) Christakis Nicolaou (WDD) Theodosia Iracleous (GSD) George Ioannou (WDD) Froso Louca (WDD) Charalambos Ioannou (WDD) Giannakis Papachristodoulou (WDD) Costas Constantinou (WDD)

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ABBREVIATIONS LIST Amoeba Database-analysis software APHA American Public Health Organization AWWA American Water Works Association AQUEM assessment system for assessing ecological quality in European streams with benthic macroinvertebrates. BQE Biological quality element CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation CIS Common Implementation Strategy CNR-IRSA Italian Water Research Institute CRMs Certified Reference Materials DA Department of Agriculture DF Department of Forests DFMR Department of Fisheries and Marine Research Dir. Directive DO District Officer EC European Commission EEC European Economic Community EnvIS Cypriot Water and Meteorology Database EQS European Quality Standards ES Environment Service EU European Union GLP Good Laboratory Practice GSD Geological Survey Department GW-bodies Ground water bodies ISO International Organization for Standardization LIMS Laboratory Information Management System MANRE Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment MEDPOL Program of UNEP/MAP for the assessment of pollution in the Mediterranean Region MI Ministry of Interior MoH Ministry of Health MPHS Medical and Public Health Service MS Meteorological Service PC Project Coordinator PERLA Prediction system for small watercourses QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control QEs Environmental Quality Elements RBMP River Basin Management Plans Reg. Regulation SCG Strategic Coordinate Groups SGL State General Laboratory SQL Structured Query Language SWIFT EU-funded research programme [Screening methods for Water data Information in support of the implementation of the Water Framework Directive] UNDP United Nations Development Programme US-EPA United States –Environment Protection Agency WDD Water Development Department WDD-TL Water Development Department – Tersefanou laboratory WEF Water Environment Federation WFD Water Framework Directive WWT Waste Water Treatment

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1 Introduction

This is the Framework Conditions Report of Activity Scheme 1: “Evaluation of existing situation and framework conditions” of Contract C No. 46/2005 “Development of integrated water monitoring programme and development of associated databases supporting the implementation of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60.EC in Cyprus”. Within the contents of this report it was thought useful to cover also the results of the work on Activity 2.1: “Data needs assessment” of Activity Scheme 2: “Monitoring programmes developed and Action Plan prepared”.

1.1 Aim and scope of the report The Report describes the present institutional and technical situation and identifies the shortcomings and gaps that need to be addressed and be remediated within the three beneficiary agencies. In this respect, the role of other departments/organizations in water monitoring is taken into account but without extensive analysis of their activities. The direct beneficiaries having a role in monitoring of waters in Cyprus are the Water Development Department (WDD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (MANRE) as the Implementing Agency, the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research (DFMR) of MANRE and the State General Laboratory (SGL) of the Ministry of Health as Co-operating Agencies. The Institutional constraint analysis provides information and support for the respective role of each agency in water monitoring in terms of quality and quantity, water information management and dissemination of information. This support is directed toward broad areas of administrative interest, involving staffing and budgets as regards the existing monitoring programs and to the extent to which they reflect the water monitoring demands of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Among other the following are addressed: • Analysis of roles to the extent that chances of problems are reduced to the minimum in regard to: Competency and Potential overlap • Description of tasks in sufficient detail • Examination of the adequacy of finance for securing specified tasks • Personnel’s capabilities as regards monitoring of Surface waters, Ground waters, and protected areas. • Analysis of constraints for efficient information exchange, and • Identification of major stumbling blocks The Technical constraint analysis assesses the existing monitoring networks and activities of each agency in terms of quantity and quality focusing on technical capacities and capabilities. The existing monitoring networks are overviewed emphasizing the number of monitoring sites, frequency of data collection, types and purpose of reporting. The quality of the data is assessed in terms of accuracy, and detection limits as compared to the methods in use or obligatory to be used in the EU. In this respect the laboratories involved in water monitoring are identified and their working level in terms of

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accreditation and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is considered, including the provided data validation and the aggregation level at which the data is provided to users. In addition, a comparison of presently generated data towards the requirements of the WFD in terms of monitoring is made and a data needs assessment of the three co- operating agencies to meet the requirements of the WFD is presented. Finally, the Report makes recommendations to overcome the identified gaps and shortcomings and includes a realistic roadmap for the implementation of the remaining activities of the contract that would lead to a fully functional water monitoring system and associated databases for Cyprus.

1.2 Approach The work on Activity Scheme 1 was undertaken between April 7 and mid July 2006. Concurrently, work was initiated on parts of Activity Schemes 2 and 3 especially on those aspects that refer to water monitoring and required output needs according to the WFD. The work involved meetings and interviews with the three beneficiary agencies and with other agencies having a role related to water monitoring such as the Geological Survey Department (GSD), the Environment Service (ES), the Department of Forests (DF), and the Department of Agriculture (DA), all of the MANRE, and the Medical and Public Health Services of the Ministry of Health. Some field visits were also made in order to participate in sampling procedures. A written request of information, views and data was also made to all the above agencies. A questionnaire on the staff involved in water monitoring was also sent to the beneficiary agencies (paragraph 2.2.3).

1.3 Structure of the report At first a summary of the existing situation is made regarding the three beneficiary institutions and to a lesser extent other agencies having a role in water monitoring together with an overview of their information management and dissemination. This is followed by an assessment of the existing water monitoring networks of all agencies involved, the laboratories in use and the quality of information. The assessment of the institutional setting and present staffing leads to a constraint analysis on problems and major stumbling blocks that in particular may hamper adequate water monitoring and information exchange. The review of the existing water monitoring networks enables a technical constraint analysis in water monitoring both under existing conditions as well as for the demands of the WFD. This is followed by a needs assessment according to the WFD in terms of water monitoring and of information output. Recommendations as to how these constraints could be overcome are put forward in the concluding analysis. Finally, the report is concluded by including realistic roadmaps for the implementation of the remaining activities of the Contract that would lead to a fully functional water monitoring system and associated databases for Cyprus. Useful and extensive material on the above issues and matters dealt in the report are presented as appendices to this report.

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2 Existing situation

2.1 Introduction To assess the existing situation regarding the three beneficiary institutions and other agencies having a role in water monitoring one has to review the existing water management structure in the island. The responsibility for water policy lies with the Council of Ministers and it is formed jointly by four Ministries – Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment; Finance; Interior and Commerce, Industry and Tourism. Executive power is divided between the MANRE and the Ministry of Interior. MANRE has technical responsibility for water resources policy, assessment and monitoring, but also for development and bulk selling water to end users. At the regional level, a key role is played by the District Office administration (DO) under the Ministry of Interior. The DO is responsible for implementing and enforcing water-related laws including the issue of groundwater permits. The District Officers chair the District Water Boards, Irrigation Divisions, Municipal Water Boards and Village Water Commissions. Thus, all municipal water supplies and non-government irrigation schemes are in principle under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior. A large part of the legislation on water provides for the District Officer (DO) of the Ministry of Interior (MI) to be the authority and the WDD to be the technical advisor with specific powers according to the law. Other laws have the DO or other Departments as the authority whereas the WDD is only consulted according to long standing Government policy whenever the legal authorities consider it necessary. Finally, for some laws the DO or other Departments are obliged to seek the advice of WDD before decision is taken. Recent laws harmonizing the Cyprus legislation to that of EU have provided additional responsibilities to the various agencies especially in regard to monitoring. These Water laws are many and complex, including many duplications and have been enacted from time to time in the past as needs demanded so as to cover the requirements of various water-related interests and authorities. The Water Development Department (WDD) is responsible for implementing MANRE’s water policy aiming to rational development and management of water resources both for the supply and for the use. The principal role of WDD is the management and development of water resources in Cyprus which encompasses, among other activities, the mapping of water resources (hydrological and hydrogeological data), the planning, design, construction and operation of water supply infrastructure (including domestic water supply and irrigation systems), sewerage and wastewater treatment (outside the major urban areas) and the monitoring of water resources (quality and quantity) etc. Other government departments have also a role and are involved at various aspects of the water industry of the island. These are: • The State General Laboratory (SGL) of the Ministry of Health (MoH) is the official laboratory of Government to fulfill requirements embodied in the laws covering among other areas, analysis of water and environmental samples.

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• The Department of Fisheries and Marine Research (DFMR) of the MANRE monitors the quality of coastal and sea waters as well as the fresh waters that contain fish (water quality in dams) and is responsible for controlling and combating marine pollution. • The Geological Survey Department (GSD) of MANRE that conducts groundwater investigations and drill wells. It is responsible for mineral and groundwater exploration and geotechnical data as well as hydrogeological data in the framework of their investigation projects/studies. Its main environmental roles relate to the impact of pollution on groundwater, including impacts of hazardous waste, landfilling and geotechnical investigations, and programmes on the monitoring of nitrates and PCB decontamination. • The Department of Agriculture (DA) of the MANRE, which is responsible for improved irrigation, practices at the farm level. • The Environment Service (ES) of the MANRE coordinates the implementation of most of the environmental legislature. ES is also responsible for the implementation of the legislature on water pollution issues, as well as, nature protection issues. It is also responsible for EU reporting required by the environmental aquis, including WFD with the Minister of MANRE being the competent authority. • The Medical and Public Health Service (MPHS) of the MoH has an inspectorate responsible for the monitoring of drinking water quality and other environment-related aspects of public health, including the monitoring of quality of groundwater or water originating from dams where it is used for drinking water, seawater quality (bathing beaches) and swimming pools. • The Department of Land Surveys of the Ministry of Interior is responsible for water rights registration. Inter-agency co-operation in managing water is as good as can be expected given the various approaches and goals set by each participating agency. The technical situation in water management with the WDD responsible at the executive level is quite good. However, effective decision-making, implementation of works and enforcement is made difficult because legal and management responsibilities rest with the District Administration (DO) of the Ministry of Interior, distant from the technical knowledge and understanding of water resources. These difficulties lead to considerable delays in project authorization, implementation and overall water management. This dual responsibility has long been recognized as having many disadvantages, and efforts have been made to bring the responsibility for water under a single Ministry. In 1997, a decision by the Council of Ministers appointed the WDD as the single Water Entity responsible for water while continuing to operate as a government department. Its responsibilities include: issuing drilling permits; groundwater use and abstraction from all sources by any organized entities; monitoring, control, collection and treatment of wastewater from rural and industrial areas. The drafted law and regulations, since 2000, towards this end is still to be approved by the House of Representatives in year 2004, when a new “Water protection and management” law (L. 13(I)/2004) was passed for the transposition of WDF, some parts of the drafted law where included in the new law, but without fully resolving the water management competency issues; the old legal framework concerning these matters is still in force with most of the competency remaining with the District Officer of the Ministry of Interior.

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More recent thoughts on the subject have been put forward in a report by J.F. Verstrynge (2004) on the Institutional Organization of the Environmental Policy of Cyprus in the light of accession of the Republic of Cyprus to the European Union advising the creation of a separate Directorate General for Environment and Natural Resources within the MANRE which will encompass the Departments of Water Development, Forestry, Geological Survey Department, the Environment Service, the Mines and Quarries Service and the responsible sections for marine and coastal waters, pollution of sea and marine ecology from the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research. Furthermore it proposes the creation within MANRE of an independent Agency under the direct political responsibility of the Minister of MANRE, to deal with all aspects of data collection, implementation, compliance and enforcement. All these ideas are still under consideration. The main institutional problem in the water sector in the island thus is the complexity of the administrative structures and the not clearly defined responsibilities. The large number of ministries, departments and agencies involved in various aspects of the water industry and in the implementation and enforcement of environmental legislation or meeting the defined demands set by it, in itself creates a serious problem of coordination. Furthermore, it is obvious that the individual responsibilities of each agency are not always clearly defined or indeed understood by those involved.

2.2 Institutional aspects and constraints The described situation in the water sector has a bearing and it is reflected to some extent on the water monitoring activities of the various agencies involved. Beyond the responsibilities that are derived directly from existing legislation or issued Regulations, practices are extended from occasional studies or appointments and continue to such detailed levels that provide certain agencies expertise on the matter, developing thus an ad hoc right to take up responsibility. This unclear allocation of responsibility leads to some uncertainty, duplication of effort and gaps in implementation. At the same time friction issues may develop occasionally where those responsible for an area of activity feel threatened by others. Also, this often results in shortage of appropriately qualified and experienced staff and other resources such as equipment since budgeting and finance can not always be secured in the absence of clear jurisdiction, responsibility or mandate.

2.2.1 Overview of role in water monitoring of cooperating and other Agencies

In the text that follows the role in water monitoring of each of the three cooperating agencies and their infrastructure and capabilities together with the identified responsibilities is discussed. Other agencies having a role are also summarily considered. An extended presentation of each of the three cooperating agencies and of those that have a role in water monitoring is included as Appendix 1. The most pertinent water laws and the Regulations issued mandating certain water monitoring activities to specific agencies or jointly with other agencies are listed in Appendix 2. The technical details of the water monitoring programmes carried out by each agency or in cooperation are presented in paragraphs 2.3.1 and 2.3.2.

2.2.1.1 Cooperating Agencies

The Water Development Department (WDD) The WDD, the responsible agency for the implementation of the water policy of MANRE with the main objective the rational development and management of the water

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resources of the island, and also being the agency quoted in the existing legislation as the provider of advice to other authorities of executive power according to these laws, has to develop and maintain knowledge on the water resources of the island through monitoring. The direct inter-relationship between surface and ground water resources, with very few aquifers independent of replenishment from surface flows as well as the limited aquifer storage coupled with the excessive interest for over-exploitation makes it absolutely essential that the monitoring involves both surface and ground water for effective management of the water resources. In this respect, the WDD maintains a network and monitors the surface and groundwater water resources (quantity and quality) for more than 40 years on the basis of its obligations defined in the Government Waterworks Law, the Wells and the Water Supply (Special Measures) Law, the Water Supply (Municipal & Other Areas) and the Water (Domestic Purposes) Village Supplies laws.

According to the Regulation 707/2004 (Appendix 2) based on Article 25 (I) paragraph (c) of the Waters and Soil Pollution Law (N. 106(I) of 2002), the WDD will:

• Cooperate and, on certain subjects join the GSD in the monitoring of the quality of waters (except the coastal) for nitrate pollution, as from 2004, and certain provisions for the protection of ground waters in accordance to the arrangements made in between them • Be responsible for monitoring the quality of surface and ground waters as regards other parameters. The GSD is to cooperate and on certain aspects advice on technical matters in accordance to the arrangements made in between them • Cooperate with the DFMR in the monitoring of fresh waters that contain fish, the quality of coastal and sea waters being the responsibility of DFMR alone.

Furthermore, on the basis of a number of other Regulations /Decrees issued (Appendix 2), the WDD is the responsible authority for the following: • For receiving notification on abandonment of wells and on measures to prevent pollution of aquifers; for defining the protection zones around sources of water for human consumption, and regulating the depth of drilling to protect aquifers and springs as per The Waters Pollution Control (Protection Measures of Ground Waters) Decree of 1996, paragraph (1) of article 8, articles 10 and 14, R 45/1996 • for Articles 4 and 5 for all samples of waters except the sea territorial waters (with GSD as contributor on technical matters) as per The Waters Pollution Control (Quality Targets of Waters in regard to Certain Dangerous Substances) Decree of 2001, R. 8/2001 • the information, the results from the sampling sites, the intercalibration of the participating laboratories and the sampling itself as per The Water Pollution Control (Sampling and Exchange of information for the Fresh Surface Waters) R 506/2002. The WDD is also responsible for most articles of The Water Management and Protection Law N.13 (I) /2004 together with the ES for certain articles. WDD is assigned authority on aspects of this law by the “competent authority”, the Minister, through direct correspondence (examples being the report prepared in 2004 on Article 3, the study

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completed in 2005 on Articles 5 and 6 of the WFD and the current study on Article 8). A formal Regulation assigning the responsibilities in sufficient detail is still to be issued.

In the assignment of responsibilities by the Minister of MANRE on the basis of the Publication of the Ministerial Decision 707/2004, a number of activities are described to be carried out “in cooperation” and on certain subjects “jointly” and “in accordance to the arrangements made between them”, “… and certain provisions for the protection of ground waters”, statements that leave issues that need to be clarified among the involved agencies to avoid overlap and reduce to the minimum potential problems.

The State General Laboratory (SGL) The SGL, a Department of the Ministry of Health (MoH), is the official Laboratory used by the Government to fulfill requirements embodied in the laws and cover among other areas, the water and environmental samples. The SGL carries out analysis in cooperation with other competent agencies and analytical work on applied/problem oriented research. This is done on the basis of the legislation on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption (Monitoring and Control) Law of 2001 (N. 87 (I) / 2001) and Regulations, the Water and Soil Pollution Control Law of 2002 (N. 106 (I) / 2002) and Regulations and the Water Protection and Water Management Law of 2004 (N.13/(I)/2004). The SGL carries out analytical work either for purposes of specific surveillance and monitoring or for investigation of pollution incidents and ongoing research activities supporting the competent authorities in implementing harmonizing legislation to the EU Directives. Thus, for the 75/440/EEC there is a protocol between the SGL and the WDD concerning the 5 designated reservoirs for water abstraction. Additionally 3 extra reservoirs are monitored for reference as well as for inflowing rivers to the 8 reservoirs. For the 78/659/EEC, 23 surface waters are monitored and for the 77/795/EEC 2 rivers. Other ad hoc monitoring programs are carried out in cooperation with the WDD such as a monitoring program for the control of the quality of the treated domestic wastes from biological treatment plants in rural and urban areas (i.e. the Ezousa aquifer recharged with tertiary treated effluent from the Pafos Sewage Treatment Plant). The SGL is responsible for the laboratory analyses for the official monitoring of drinking water (tab water), borehole water intended for drinking, bottled water and water from rivers and dams. The samples are originating from monitoring and compliance programmes carried out in cooperation with the Health Inspectors of the Ministry of Health, the Municipalities, the WDD, the DFMR and, the GSD (22 samples per week). The SGL is responsible for the laboratory analysis of the samples (except total Coliforms) as well as the analyses according to the Quality of Bathing Waters, Regulations 99/2000. Due to personnel constraints in the last 3 years samples for total Coliforms were analyzed in private laboratories. The SGL cooperates with the MPHS of the MoH for the evaluation of the results and the report writing as per the Waters Pollution Law (Quality of Bathing Waters) Decree of 2000, R. 929/2004 (Appendix 2). Furthermore and on the basis of the Publication of the Ministerial Decision 707/2004 (Appendix 2) mention is made of the protocol of cooperation between the WDD and the SGL indicating that for analyses other than nitrates, use should be made of the SGL. Thus, the competent authorities plan the monitoring and carry out the sampling and reporting on the results. The SGL carries out the analytical work on the samples. Research is being carried by the SGL in cooperation or jointly with other agencies, on

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specific surveillance monitoring or on the investigation of pollution incidents and other ongoing research activities. Monitoring in terms of analytical work, is carried out on the basis of existing legislation as is the case of drinking water in cooperation with the MoH and on the basis of protocols between the SGL and other competent authorities. Assignment of responsibility for laboratory analyses by Regulations or Decrees is absent, this being done as standard Government practice accepting the SGL as the official Government Laboratory. Clear definition of the role of the SGL in monitoring and describing in detail its tasks in each case, in cooperation with other competent authorities, may be needed to fully utilize its competency and to avoid potential overlap.

The Department of Fisheries and Marine Research (DFMR) The mandate of the DFMR is the development of fisheries and the rational management of marine resources in general. Over the years, the Department developed activities in multidisciplinary fields, concerning the sustainable use of marine resources, the development and sound management of fisheries and aquaculture, the marine ecology, the protection of endangered species and habitats, physical and chemical oceanography, and the prevention and combat of marine pollution. The DFMR is actively participating in a variety of research programmes of the European Union and cooperates with other International Conventions, such as Barcelona Convention and its Protocols, whereas a national monitoring program of Cyprus is undertaken within the framework of MEDPOL / UNEP. Also, ad hoc monitoring programmes have been carried out for particular studies such as the Nitrate Directive (Kokkinochoria marine zone which although not a vulnerable zone is being monitored by the Department), the Bathing Waters Directive in cooperation with SGL, the intercalibration process (on marine waters), Aquaculture Law, annual monitoring of marine environment for priority substances concerning water and sediment (in cooperation with the ES and the SGL), once per year monitoring of heavy metals in fish in Pafos, Limassol and Larnaka (in cooperation with the SGL) and a special monitoring programme for Larnaka and Akrotiri salt lakes. On the basis of the Regulation 707/2004 (Appendix 2), the DFMR is assigned: • The monitoring of the quality of coastal and sea waters as well as of the fresh waters that contain fish but in cooperation with the WDD as regards the fresh waters (the extent of cooperation between the DFMR and WDD being a matter of protocol drafted and agreed amongst them). Furthermore and on the basis of a number of other Regulations /Decrees issued (Appendix 2), the DFMR is the responsible authority for: • Articles 4 and 5 for the sea territorial waters, sediments, mollusks and shellfish as per “The Waters Pollution Control (Quality Targets of Waters in regard to Certain Dangerous Substances)” Decree of 2001. R. 8/2001 • Articles 6 and 9 as per “The Waters Pollution Control (Quality Targets of Fresh Waters for the Conservation of Life of Fish)” Decree of 2001 R.10/2001. • Declaring waters for cyprinids and waters for salmonides as per “The Waters Pollution Control (Securing of the Quality of Fresh Waters for Fish)” R. 514/2002 • Evaluating eutrophication conditions of coastal waters every 4 years as per “The Waters Pollution Control (Nitrate Pollution of Agricultural Origin)” Regulations of 2002 R. 534/2002.

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The DFMR is notified of the annual report prepared by the Department of MPHS in cooperation with the SGL as per R. 929/2004. The role in relation to water monitoring in terms of obligations, authority and responsibility of the DFMR is explicitly defined with tasks described in the existing legislation and the assignment Regulations made by the competent authority (Appendix 2).

2.2.1.2 Other Agencies

The Geological Survey Department (GSD) The GSD assists the Government in geological matters related mostly to mineral exploration and groundwater investigations. Through a project funded by the UNDP, completed by 1969, the mineral and groundwater resources of the island had been identified and assessed. This together with the drilling activities for groundwater has developed an interest and expertise within the GSD on the matter. On the basis of the Regulation 707/2004 (Appendix 2), the GSD is assigned: • The responsibility for monitoring the quality of waters (except the coastal) for nitrate pollution. Certain provisions for the protection of ground waters are to be carried in cooperation and, on certain subjects jointly, with the WDD in accordance to the arrangements made in between them. • To cooperate and, on certain aspects act as advisor to the WDD on technical matters, in accordance to the arrangements made in between them, for the monitoring of the quality of surface and ground waters as regards other parameters (other than nitrate) which is the responsibility of the WDD. • For the analytical work on nitrates and possibly on other parameters use will be made of the Chemical Laboratory of the GSD. In doing so the Protocol of cooperation between the WDD and the SGL has to be observed and also other possible demands of the European Commission. For other analyses, use will be made of the SGL. Furthermore, the GSD in cooperation and jointly with WDD for certain aspects, is responsible for the monitoring of nitrates in fresh waters for one year, and carry out sampling of ground waters at such periods as defined by the Minister on the basis of the regulations of the Quality of Water for Human Consumption Law of 2001 as per “The Waters Pollution Control (Nitrate Pollution of Agricultural Origin)” Regulations of 2002 R. 534/2002, as well as for 77/795. Additionally, the GSD is responsible for preventing pollution of aquifers from surface waters or other substances infiltrating during the construction of water works and for securing wells from causing or being polluted through a prescribed set of measures as per “The Waters Pollution Control (Protection Measures of Ground Waters)” Decree of 1996 R. 45/1996. The role of the GSD in water monitoring is explicitly defined and related to the nitrate pollution of groundwater. The same applies for the jurisdiction of the Chemical Laboratory of the GSD which is for the nitrates and possibly on other parameters. On the basis of this, there should not be any overlap or confusion as to the obligation/authority/responsibility on water monitoring between this Department and other agencies. On the assignment of responsibilities, the extent of cooperation and the aspects for which the responsibility is jointly with the WDD has to be clarified between the two agencies.

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The same should be made for matters for which the advice of the GSD is to be offered to the WDD.

The Environment Service (ES) The ES, directly under the Director General of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, advises on issues of environmental policy, and coordinates the plans and programmes that deal with the environment. It is mandated to ensure policy enforcement and the coordination of the process for the adoption of the European policy and legislation on the environment. It chairs the Committee for the Assessment of the Environmental Impacts from Projects. It promotes, inter alia, the Laws, Regulations, Decrees, etc. regarding the Control of the Pollution of Waters and on the Management of Solid and Hazardous Waste. Also ES is the focal point and coordinates the implementation of the Bathing waters, UWWTP, Nitrates and Quality of surface waters indented for the production of drinking water (75/440). ES has the overall responsibility for the implementation of the Water Pollution Control Law and all the regulations and decrees that passed through this Law. In regard to waters the ES is particularly concerned in the implementation of the Water and Soil Pollution Control Law N.106 (I)/2002 and the Water Management and Protection Law N.13 (I)/2004. On the basis of the Regulation 707/2004 (Appendix 2), the Director of the ES has, on part of the Director General of the MANRE, the responsibility of coordination of the procedure for taking measures when from the monitoring reports problems are established, as well as for informing the European Commission. The DFMR, the WDD and the GSD involved in the water monitoring, are responsible for informing him on the occasion of establishing non compliance with the qualitative criteria as well as for the preparation and transfer to him of the relative monitoring reports in the defined format. Thus, the ES does not have an explicit role in water monitoring as such except the responsibility of coordination of the procedure for taking measures when from the monitoring reports problems are established. It also has the responsibility for informing the European Commission. In addition the ES is responsible for other Directives such as the 92/43 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora and 79/409 on the conservation of wild birds.

The Medical and Public Health Services (MPHS) The MPHS of the Ministry of Health strives to improve and safeguard the health and well being of people in Cyprus and prevent illnesses in line with the principles stipulated by the World Health Organization and within the framework of the European perspective in the field of health in Cyprus. In particular, and under the programme of Environmental Health, the MPHS undertakes regular monitoring of the quality of potable water, Drinking Water Directive; the samples collected by the Health Inspectors being analyzed by the SGL. The MPHS is also responsible, as per 76/160/EEC, for monitoring and visual control of the quality of bathing waters; the evaluation of the results and the writing of the annual report will be prepared in cooperation with the SGL and sent to the ES with notification to the DFMR, according to the Waters Pollution Law (Quality of Bathing Waters) Decree of 2000 R. 929/2004. The role and tasks of the MPHS are explicitly defined and no overlap with any other agency on water monitoring is to be expected provided proper arrangements are made among the involved agencies.

The Meteorological Service (MS)

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The MS of the MANRE is mainly responsible for matters related to the weather and climate of Cyprus. In terms of water monitoring, the main field of activity and principal function of MS is the operation of a network of meteorological stations for the collection of data required for application purposes and the processing, classification and publication of meteorological data.

The Department of Forests (DF) The DF of MANRE is mainly responsible for the sustainable management and protection of State forests. There is no identification of any explicit role in water monitoring within the terms of the legislation mentioned earlier, except for activities pertaining to conservation of the biodiversity and the improvement and indication / use of all the processes of forest ecosystems.

The Game Fund Service (GFS) Through the Game Fund Service, the Ministry of Interior enforces the relevant legislation (Laws no. 39/74 Game and Wild Birds, 38/74 Control and Shooting Guns, 158/1990 and 24/88) that provides for the conservation of species and are relevant to wildlife management and protection of wild fauna. The Service is presently staffed with approximately 100 game wardens that are responsible for enforcing the game and wildlife laws in general as well as five qualified officers who conduct research and surveys on wildlife species.

The GFS has Offices in all Districts headed by a qualified District Officer. It has 54 cars (jeep type) and 15 cars specialized for land-fire control all equipped with telecommunication facilities. The research team of the GFS has at its disposal specialized radars for monitoring migratory birds and population counting, GPS and uses GIS. The annual budget is about 2 million Cyprus pounds all covered from the licence fee for hunting and ownership of firearms. In the last 10 years some 20 million Cyprus pounds have been spent on the management and protection of wild life in Cyprus.

The Department of Agriculture (DA) The DA of MANRE strives to develop the agricultural sector through training and direction of the farmers, and the design and implementation of development programmes On the basis of a number of Regulations /Decrees issued (Appendix 2), the DA is the responsible authority for • The Code of Good Agricultural Practice, the training of farmers and Action Programme for its use as per “The Waters Pollution Control (Nitrate Pollution of Agricultural Origin)” Regulations of 2002 R. 534/2002. • For the implementation of the Code of Good Agricultural Practice within the protection Zone III as per “The Waters Pollution Control (Protection Measures of Ground Waters)” Decree of 1996 R. 45/1996

The Town Water Boards In Nicosia, Larnaca, Famagusta and Limassol, water is distributed to the domestic and industrial consumer by a Town Water Board set up for the purpose under the Water supply (Municipal and Other Areas) Law, Cap 350, 1951. These Water Boards derive their bulk supplies partly from boreholes and partly from the bulk supplies of treated water delivered to storage reservoirs by the WDD´s main trunk systems. The Town Water Boards act as distribution organisations, they approve charges and determine the areas of supply. Their water monitoring activities are contained within their wells if they have any (Germasogeia area for the Limassol Water Board and some Tremitios wells for the

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Larnaka Water Board). The monitoring, on their part, involves extracted quantities, water level and water samples for ionic analyses. Details as to the number of samples collected and the staff employed for this purpose are not readily available, since their programmes are highly dependent on the use they make of their own sources which varies from year to year.

2.2.2 Costs related to monitoring

The costs (or budget) of the existing water monitoring effort are difficult to assess since for all three agencies all the expenses on personnel committed to monitoring (including traveling and subsistence) are covered by each agency’s annual general budget. The budget is not task or activity oriented and thus no direct information can be deciphered for the water monitoring activities alone. A preliminary estimation of salary and sampling expenses has been carried out using data obtained from the three beneficiary departments. For each department, salary estimations were based on the number of people involved in monitoring, the salary scale of the personnel and the transportation overhead expenses (vehicle and boat use) involved in sampling. For the WDD and DFMR, the actual amounts for each salary scale were evaluated using the standard hourly rates as set by the Ministry of Finance. For the SGL, the actual salaries of each employee were available and were thus used. It must be noted that overtimes and special allowances were not included in the estimation, as they are variable depending on the type of work executed and the period during which it is carried out. The detailed tables for the salary calculations and sampling expenses of the three beneficiary departments are presented in Appendix 14. It is estimated that the WDD spent about 1,356,000 euros on salaries for monitoring related activities in 2005, and 9,000 euros for sampling overheads. The DFMR spent about 205, 000 euros on salaries and about 3,000 euros on overheads. The DFMR was the only department to have boat related overcharges. The SGL salary expenses were estimated at 528,000 euros. No transportation overheads were estimated for the SGL since they do not carry out any sampling themselves. However, an evaluation of the expenses for machinery and equipment performed based on data provided by the SGL (for the year 2005), showed a cost of 101,000 euros. The total costs incurred by the three institutes thus amounts to around 2,1 Million euros per year for the present monitoring effort. These are only running costs, no other costs like those for the drilling of boreholes or development of databases are included. This evaluation will allow estimation of the costs also for the extra activities that will be required under the WFD under the scenarios that will be prepared. This can be enhanced with experience gained in other countries especially with similar conditions to Cyprus.

2.2.3 Organizational structure and capabilities

In this section of the report the organizational structure as regards monitoring of surface, ground waters and protected areas and the personnel capabilities is examined. Also the subject of the economics of monitoring in terms of availability of finance (budget) is considered. An overall review of the organizational structure of the three beneficiary agencies and of those that have a role in water monitoring is presented in Appendix 1. In this part of the report only the structure within each agency as regards monitoring is considered.

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The discussion on the monitoring personnel and its capabilities is based on interviews on a number of occasions in the 3 Beneficiary Agencies and on a detailed questionnaire to which all the beneficiary agencies responded (M. Argyrou – DFMR, G.Dorflinger – WDD Water Resources Division, N. Nicodemou – WDD Limassol Regional Office, K.Spanos – WDD Paphos Regional Office, D. Nicolaides – WDD Larnaca Regional Office, M. Christodoulidou – SGL, K. Savvides – WDD (Tersefanou Lab). A summary on the statistics on monitoring personnel and its capabilities based on the response to this questionnaire is presented in Appendix 3.

2.2.3.1 Cooperating Agencies

The Water Development Department (WDD) The WDD has the responsibility and carries out most of the existing water monitoring in the island. Ground and surface water monitoring is carried out by personnel of the respective WDD District Offices with the exception of the Nicosia and Larnaka/Ammochostos District Offices. Ground and surface water monitoring in the Nicosia District and surface water monitoring in the Larnaka and Ammochostos Districts is carried out by the Division of Water Resources. Groundwater monitoring in the Larnaka District is carried out by the personnel of the WDD Larnaka District Office. Water monitoring for specific projects is also carried out by the Division of Hydrology. The described duties of the Technical staff on water monitoring (Surface and Ground water) are listed in Appendix 4. This shows that the duties are not only for monitoring but also investigative and of legal inspection nature.

Table 1 shows the number of WDD Technicians involved in the routine water monitoring activities both at the Water Resources Division at the WDD headquarters as well as at the WDD District Offices. On the same Table the personnel at Tersefanou Laboratory that is involved in the analysis of samples obtained during the monitoring activities, in addition to its routine work, is also shown.

Table 1: Existing WDD staff involved in water monitoring as per response to questionnaire of July 2006a

DIVISION/DISTRICT OFFICE GROUNDWATER SURFACE WATER TOTAL Water Resources Division 15 6 15 Paphos District Office 9 7 9 Limassol District Officeb 5 2 5 Larnaca District Office 3 3 Total 32 15 32 Tersefanou Laboratoryc 5 a. Same Technicians may be involved in both surface and groundwater monitoring b. At the Limassol District Office there are two more hourly paid technicians involved in water monitoring c. At the Tersefanou Laboratory 5 Chemists and Chemical Engineers are involved in the analysis of samples from surface and ground water.

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The information presented in Table 1 has been obtained through a questionnaire answered by all beneficiary agencies. On the basis of the returns from this questionnaire on the personnel (technicians only) involved in monitoring (Appendix 3) there are 32 persons (Water Resources Division and the Regional Offices) involved in surface and ground water monitoring. Most of these (94%) have a Lyceum or Technical School (secondary level) education and are employed as Technical Assistants. Of these, the majority (66%) is at the A7 scale and only 2 persons (or 6%) are at the A9 and A11 scale. The remainders are at A5 or less such as the hourly paid scales. About 72% belong to the permanent staff, 13% are temporary and 15% are hourly paid. The mean years of service of this staff is 25 ranging from 18 to 35 years which means that a number of them are nearing retiring age. Based on this information (Appendix 3), most of the technicians carry out the larger part of the spectrum of field monitoring activities with 94% carrying out ground water level measurements, 84% doing sampling and 44% dedicated to surface runoff monitoring. The great majority of the technicians do interpretation and analytical work e.g. water level contouring, isochloride contours, construction of rating curves, rationalization of hydrographs etc. At least 6 technicians are involved in data entry and data quality control and data validation in the Envis database. The technicians receive continuous in-house, on-the-job training (see also comments on relevant appendices).

To this personnel, time allotted by WDD senior staff on water monitoring activities (planning, management, supervision and control of activities) should be added. This is shown in Appendix 3. Additionally, time allotted by staff of the WDD Hydrology Division on occasional monitoring on special projects, processing of data both on paper and for the databank as well as for GIS application needs to be considered as shown on Appendix 3 The Tersefanou laboratory is treated separately from the rest of the WDD monitoring staff since it is involved only with the monitoring of the water for domestic use at the Water Treatment Plants and the Desalination Plants and analysis of water samples sent by the other WDD monitoring teams. At this laboratory, 5 persons are employed (Appendix 3) two of which have a University degree and three have post-graduate studies. Three of them are at the A7 scale one at A7 and one at A9 with two being with the permanent staff and three persons employed as temporary. The mean number of years of service is 8 ranging from a few months to 26 years. Three persons had no training on monitoring. On the basis of the results of the questionnaire and the individual interviews of the staff both at the WDD headquarters and at the District Offices, the following basic problems, preoccupations and suggestions have been highlighted by WDD staff:

• Additional personnel including technical level staff need to be posted at the District Offices to enable them to cope with current and the increased work load which will ensue from the new as-per-WFD monitoring programmes. • Some general problems associated with the successful implementation of the monitoring have been identified. These refer to the development of a database to be managed by a database management team which will allow easy access to data users including data users at the WDD District Offices, enrichment of the WDD chemical laboratory with equipment and staff to meet the analytical work required with concern expressed on relying heavily on the SGL which as an independent agency has its own priorities that may not necessarily concur with those of the WDD. These problems

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will be further considered within this study and be sorted out through the introduction of the “protocols of co-operation” between the two departments which will be elaborated within the scope of the project. • The major identified problems refer to staff shortages, the training, the need for less time consuming analytical techniques (such as the surface flow chart analysis with electronic means) and sufficiency of monitoring equipment (water level depth recorders, pH, temperature, electric conductivity etc.). • The Division of Telemetry of the WDD is responsible for providing hardware and software support to the entire Water Development Department i.e. to all WDD Divisions and WDD District Offices. • Sampling procedures are designed and followed on a project-by-project case. Similarly, handling and reporting of the results, are based on a project-by-project case. Standardization of sampling and reporting methods by the Department in cooperation with other departments involved in water monitoring would increase efficiency and save time. Nonetheless, the WDD District Offices face additional problems such as computing hardware and data handling dedicated software. Also, they report lack of standard procedures and methods especially on sampling, data handling and reporting and, even on certain occasions, vagueness on the responsibilities and actual duties of the Regional Office on monitoring. Other problems refer to serious loss of information and knowledge on water issues within the WDD District Offices with the retiring personnel due to lack of smooth succession, and finally, • Efficient and effective management and development of the water resources in Cyprus, which is WDD’s responsibility, demands that all applications for well permits be investigated. However, the large human effort and time input placed on this process puts a great strain on the department’s human resources and exacerbate the problems caused by personnel shortages in the department. (It is reported that on many occasions 90% of the time of personnel is spent on the well-permitting procedure).

The State General Laboratory (SGL) The SGL is involved in analytical work on samples sent by the WDD or other agencies involved in water monitoring either on the basis of routine monitoring or on the basis of protocols of cooperation between the SGL and that agency. The SGL does not carry out any sampling itself. The laboratories of the SGL involved in water monitoring are Lab. No.2, 6 (Environmental Chemistry I), 7 (Ecotoxicology), 10 (Environmental Chemistry II), and 15 (Water and Pharmaceuticals Microbiological Control) and employ 17 persons, two of which have a Technical School education (secondary level) fifteen (15) persons have a University degree and 6 have post-graduate studies. Six (6) persons are at the A5 scale and four (4) persons at the A12 scale. One person, the Sector Manager is at the A13 scale and the remainders are at the A9, A10 and A11 scales indicating a good spread and all belonging to the permanent staff. The mean years of service are 17, ranging from 2 to 37 years. The role in analytical work is equally well spread, one person being the Sector Manager, 4 persons being Laboratory Managers, 7 persons being involved in chemical analysis, two persons doing biological analysis and two persons doing microbiology. Finally, one person is dedicated on IT aspects. All have received training in the work they carry out.

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On the basis of the above and from individual interviews and visits at the premises of the agency, the SGL is well staffed with well educated and trained personnel to carry out analytical work on the samples provided by other agencies involved in water monitoring. It also has a working system for storing and retrieving the results of these analyses. It has been reported that there are difficulties in identifying the budget for water analysis since this is not separated from the overall SGL budget. However, it is quoted that pending on the final design of the program (number of parameters, sampling locations, frequency etc.) the additional needs in personnel for the SGL in terms of time needed for the implementation of the part of the program allocated to the SGL, the additional needs will be identified by the SGL.

The Department of Fisheries and Marine Research (DFMR) The role of the DFMR in water monitoring has been presented earlier in this report. The staff employed for this purpose amounts to 7 persons of which 4 are of secondary level education, one has a university degree and two persons have post-graduate studies. Of the permanent staff, one is at the A13 scale and another at the A11 scale whilst three persons are posted at A7. Finally, one of the temporary staff is at the A2 and one hourly paid at the E5 scale. The mean years of service are 20 ranging from 1 to 36 years. All the staff is involved at some time in sampling, 6 persons are involved in analysis and two persons are involved in recording the results. All the staff has received training in the work they carry out. From the interviews made at the DFMR it became apparent that there is lack of qualified personnel for carrying out the existing monitoring duties let alone additional requirements that may come up.

2.2.3.2 Other Agencies Of the other agencies that may have a role in water monitoring only the Geological Survey Department (GSD) and the Medical and Public Health Services (MPHS) carry out monitoring on the basis of certain networks that they operate. The remaining of the agencies that may have a role in water monitoring do not themselves carry out any actual monitoring.

The Geological Survey Department (GSD) According to the interviews and the information supplied by this agency all the GSD personnel involved in sampling and data collection has undergone training in good sampling, sample handling and data collection practices and techniques. The available staff at the Technical Assistant level amounts to 5 persons all involved in all the monitoring networks run by the GSD namely the “National groundwater quality”, “Nitrate pollution”, “Groundwater levels”, “rainwater quality”, “surface fresh water quality” and the “Karst project”. In addition to the above, there are two technicians mostly involved in data entry in the EnvIS database and maintaining a logbook for the samples and QC procedures. The quoted by the GSD competency of the personnel is “high”.

The Medical and Public Health Services (MPHS) The MPHS samples and monitors on a regular basis the quality of potable water. It also monitors and performs visual control of the quality of bathing waters. These samples are collected by well trained Health Inspectors and are being analyzed by the SGL.

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2.2.4 Water information management and dissemination

At the three beneficiary agencies data are stored in digital form nowadays. There are four data stores maintained, Details on these databases can be found in Appendix 5. The data stores are: • ENVIS • LIMS • Water Quality Database at Tersefanou • Amoeba at SGL (including the Life Project data) ENVIS is the most important existing active water related data base system and is owned and managed by WDD, GSD and MS. Other institutions would like to have access to the ENVIS system (e.g. DFRM, SGL and ES), but a final decision is still pending. The data contained in ENVIS are considered by all parties to be valuable and well managed. ENVIS contains a large number of data which are necessary to fulfill WFD 2007 and future requirements. Information management using ENVIS is however considered sub- optimal because of limited functionality, especially with respect to surface water hydrology, and due to technical problems which are associated with the database management of the system and associated servers running the system.

LIMS is the formal data store of SGL. All data related to water and environmental samples analyzed by SGL are administered and stored in LIMS. LIMS forms an essential part of the accredited quality assurance system of SGL. For this reason LIMS should not be changed or used directly by others outside SGL. Sample analysis results for WDD, DFMR, GSD, ES and MPHS are stored in LIMS. The results of the analyses are mostly provided on hardcopy to the organizations that requested the analysis. The applicant thus has to re-enter the results manually in their respective data stores, if any. The data exchange between the SGL and the two other beneficiary Agencies (WDD and DFMR) can be improved, for example by the use of an automated procedure. Although all LIMS samples have a unique sample code (GL-number), they do not always have a unique code for the locations where the sample is taken. So at present, it is not possible to automatically link the LIMS sample information to the locations in ENVIS or any other database. Automation will require a co-operation protocol in which the SGL administers the unique location code for the sample, provided by the sample officer of the applicants. This will prevent unnecessary time and effort spent for matching analytical results to a specific sampling site.

The Tersefanou water quality database is considered as a data store. It is not a Laboratory Information Management System as it is not incorporated in the quality control of the Tersefanou laboratory. The database contains a part of the analysis results of the sample received by the Tersefanou laboratory. There are two reasons for not storing all analysis results in this data store. First, the laboratory carries out only part of the analysis; the other part on the sample is mostly performed by the SGL and thus it is stored in the LIMS at SGL. Second, the Tersefanou database itself does not have entry and reporting facilities for all parameters analyzed. The laboratory therefore uses Excel sheets for storage and reporting as well. At present more than 90% of the analytical capacity of the laboratory is used to monitor the performance of the desalinization plant and other domestic water supply related analysis. The number of samples analyzed for environmental monitoring is thus relatively small.

The Amoeba database program is installed only at SGL. The database part contains both field measurements and Environmental Quality Standards. The Amoeba also contains

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functions to calculate ecotoxicological risks based on a large number of individually measured variables and presents the results in a graphical form, an amoeba shaped diagram. The Amoeba database is developed by De Zwart under the Cyprus LIFE project (Reference: de Zwart, M. Christodoulidou and S.C. Michaelidou. Integrated monitoring and ecotoxicological risk assessment of water quality. Proceedings of the Monitoring Tailor Made III conference). The database contains all Life project results. The LIFE project ran between 1996 and 2000 and the project results were initially stored in Excel spreadsheets, which became obsolete because of the Amoeba database. Part of the Life project data are also entered in to ENVIS. Occasionally the SGL uses the Amoeba program to analyze and present ecological risks of samples. Because there is no option to import measurements from LIMS into Amoeba the use of Amoeba implies double work for SGL. As a result Amoeba as an analysis and presentation tool is less frequently used as would otherwise be the case.

Within, and also outside the beneficiary organizations a large number of datasets, which are considered valuable for WFD requirements, are only available in hardcopy or digitized (e.g. Excel, Word, Access) temporary formats (see appendix 6). This non formalized way of data storage prevents an easy and routinely transfers from one department’s database to another. It also limits the availability to the potential users, sharing and dissemination.

The various monitoring program executed at the beneficiary agencies (WDD and DFMR) are not formally documented. Consultants did not find formal documents describing the monitoring activities in terms of their objective, information need, monitoring strategy, network design, yearly number of samples etc. Such a document should be updated on a regular basis and adapted to available budget and staff. Without a formal monitoring document it is not possible to judge the (cost) efficiency of the monitoring program in place. As an example, a performance indicator for the efficiency of the monitoring program is the ratio of the number of samples entered in the database compared to the number of analysis planned. A formal monitoring plan is thus essential in information management.

With respect to the dissemination of information obtained from monitoring activities, the situation in the beneficiary agencies may be characterizes as follows. The SGL receives water samples from WDD and DFMR for analysis. The data management within the laboratory is well organized and accredited. However, often the origin and of the sample and the conditions at the time of collection are not known to the laboratory. Also for some samples the laboratory does not have access to the full set of analysis results as these are carried out by other laboratories, e.g. at Tersefanou for samples collected by WDD. This hampers an optimal quality control of the analysis results. SGL reports the results of analysis on a water sample as raw, validated data. The results are mostly distributed as hardcopies to the applicant.

WDD keeps the raw data in a non-aggregated form in Envis. An exception to this is the hourly river flow data which are kept on paper as there is no functionality to accommodate these data in Envis. WDD provides water quality and quantity information to other Government Authorities such as MANRE, Cyprus District Offices, the Department of Town Planning and Housing, the Environment Service and also to the European Commission, WMO, and other parties (consultants, research centres, universities). The information is disseminated through the WDD web-site and through periodic reports

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(daily, monthly and annual). In case of the hydrological year book there is a backlog in its production, the most recent one is the yearbook 1997-1998. The older yearbooks (below we used the 1974-1975 as example) contain the following information: 1. precipitation (total annual precipitation, per district and as an area map) 2. temperature (monthly mean, extreme minimum and maximum) 3. monthly evaporation 4. stream discharges (mean daily, monthly total, peak, mean, minimum) 5. graphs of mean daily discharge, monthly discharge and flow duration curve 6. monthly depth area precipitation 7. springs and chain of wells (discharge and flow duration curves in graph) 8. groundwater extraction estimates (groundwater use per village based on irrigated areas and domestic use) 9. groundwater elevation (level maps) 10. quality of groundwater (bi-yearly iso chloride lines) 11. quality of springs (pH, conductivity, total solids, chloride, total hardness).

The DFMR reports to the European Union and MEDPOL as indicated in Appendix 2.

2.3 Technical aspects and constraints

2.3.1 Assessment of the existing monitoring networks and activities focusing on technical capability and capacity of each Agency

As it is described in paragraph 2.2.2 of this report, as well as in Appendix 6, in addition to the national monitoring networks established by the WDD for the development and management of water resources in Cyprus there are various water monitoring programmes that are implemented by several Ministries and Departments both for the purposes of fulfilling the requirements of EU environmental policy, as well as for investigation and monitoring requirements of individual Departments. In Table 2, an overview of all the existing water monitoring networks in Cyprus is presented. In this paragraph, the overall conclusions are presented, that derive from the assessment of the existing monitoring networks in terms of their overall ability to fulfill the requirements of the relevant EU Directives and the technical capacity of each Agency involved. Technical capacity is treated in the framework of this analysis as the present level of performance of equipment and personnel, whereas capability is treated as potential performance of equipment and personnel. It should be noted that the overall responsibility for implementation belong to ES, apart from the Directive 79/869/EEC on drinking water measuring methods. The detailed comparison between the implementation of existing monitoring networks and the requirements of the relevant Directives in aspects of technical capacity and capability is included in Appendix 7 of this report. In addition, more detailed information such as quality of data provided, quality assurance and control methods applied by each laboratory and each department follow.

Over the last 4 –5 years different monitoring networks have been developed in Cyprus in order to start the implementation procedure for the following Council Directives and Decisions that are related to recipient water quality:

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ƒ Council Directive 75/440/EEC on surface water for drinking, supplemented by Council Directive 79/869/EEC on drinking water measuring methods ƒ Council Decision 77/795/EEC on exchange of information about surface fresh water ƒ Council Directive 78/659/EEC on fresh water for fish life ƒ Council Directive 91/676/EEC on protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources and ƒ Council Directive 76/464/EEC on dangerous substance discharges and relative “daughter” Directives 83/513 on cadmium discharges, 84/156/EEC on mercury discharges, 84/491/EEC on hexacyclohexane discharges and 86/280/EEC on certain dangerous substances. ƒ Council Directive 76/160/EEC on the quality of bathing water

Based on the data collected by all the relevant Agencies it seems that in most cases there is full compliance in terms of the analytical methods, the high technology laboratory equipment and the expertise level of the personnel that does the analyses. Incompliance factors are often related to limited frequencies of sampling-monitoring, use of non-accredited sampling procedures, lack of personnel, and non-examination of all required parameters. However, it is important to point out that some of these monitoring programmes were developed with the initiative of the involved departments in order to set the foundations for compliance in a very short period with the above mentioned EU Directives and with the WFD. So, although some monitoring networks do not fully fulfill the relevant Directives requirements, there is a good foundation in terms of equipment, personnel capabilities, analytical methods and familiarization with sampling techniques.

In terms of technical capacity and capability of each agency, the following main points can be concluded: WDD: The present capacity of the sampling instrumentation and equipment of the WDD is estimated as adequate for the present monitoring needs, apart for, possibly, additional boats, which may be required if additional dams monitoring is necessitated by the monitoring programmes to be designed in accordance with the WFD. However, the instrumentation for sampling that exists in the District Offices seems not to be adequate in terms of quantity for the existing monitoring networks. For this reason sampling equipment is loaned by the Division of Water Resources to the District Offices, on an annual basis. In addition, some of the equipment and instrumentation may need upgrading if new monitoring methods are incorporated in the monitoring programmes which will be designed in accordance with the WFD. Due to the lack of biological quality elements monitoring, there is no equipment and instrumentation for that. The analysis instrumentation and equipment in Tersefanou Laboratory is evaluated further in paragraph 2.3.4 of the report, as well as in Appendices 9 and 10, but as a general conclusion the available instrumentation is sufficient for the current activities of the laboratory and the limiting factor is mainly the number of personnel. SGL: All the involved laboratories of the SGL are equipped with high technology instruments for water analyses which satisfy the needs of advanced high standard analytical methodologies (further analysis and information in paragraph 2.3.4 and Appendices 9 and 10 of the report). DFMR: DFMR’s sampling facilities in terms of quality and are in general in a high level, adequate to cover the prerequisites of WFD. However, a further improvement of water sampling procedure by quantitative terms could include a new water sampler equipped with thermometer. In relation to laboratory capacity and capability, the available

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instrumentation is in general limited for the current activities of the laboratory. Some update is estimated that might be useful in terms of renewal of the existing nutrients auto analyzer and the freeze–dryer. GSD: The equipment and instrumentation of the GSD both for sampling procedures, as well as analyses is estimated as adequate -in terms of quality and quantity- for the department’s monitoring activities. MPHS: Although not thoroughly checked, the sampling equipment and procedures for the implementation of bathing waters directive (76/160/EC) is considered adequate. The relevant chemical analyses are carried out by SGL.

2.3.2 Overview of existing monitoring networks

In Table 1, an overview of the existing water monitoring networks in Cyprus is presented, as well as the role and participation of the involved Agencies – Departments that belong to the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment and to the Ministry of Health. Detailed information for each monitoring network is given in standardized forms in Appendix 6 of this report. These forms contain the type of each monitoring programme, its starting - ending date, the executing agencies, an indicative yearly data volume, the number of sampling points and their coordinates (when available), the monitored parameters, the frequency of sampling, the legislative compliance, the storage means and the availability of data, and maps. It should be noted that for the Directives 91/271/EEC (urban waste treatment) and 98/83/EE (drinking water), no detailed information is provided for the scope of this report, because water monitoring is not implemented in the recipient waters, but in the effluents and in the tap water, respectively, which are beyond the WFD monitoring scope. More in detail, according to the Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban wastewater treatment, the environment should be protected from the adverse effects of the wastewater discharges. In order to fulfill these objectives each WWT plant that serves one or more of the 42 urban Agglomerations ES is responsible for monitoring the parameters, which are listed in the national legislation (KDP269/2005). The parameters listed in the legislation refer only to the WWT effluents. WDD has reported to EU on the Article 17 of the Directive 91/271/EEC “Cyprus revised implementation programme”. As for drinking water, according to the national Law 87(I)/2001, which embodies in the national legislation the Directive 98/83/EE, a monitoring network for the quality of the tap water is designed by the SGL and the MPHS. The necessary sampling is performed by the MPHS and WDD and the analysis of the required parameters is performed by SGL. The intercalibration exercise for the coastal waters is included in Table 2 although for the purposes of this report, it is not classified as a separate monitoring programme, because the data used were collected for the purposes of other - earlier monitoring programmes. The biotic index Bentix was applied in sea farm areas of Limassol Bay. Samples of macrozoobenthos in different distances from three fish farms installations were analyzed, as well as from reference sites (in total 15 locations). The sampling, analyses and reporting were performed by the DFMR, in collaboration with the Hellenic Centre of Marine Research. The sampling periods were during June 2001, July and October 2004. Finally, as far as quantity networks are concerned monitoring programmes are being carried out by WDD. These include monitoring of Flows, Water Level, Water Quality and Suspended Sediments (island-wide networks) monitoring of water level and water storage in Cyprus reservoirs as well as monitoring of groundwater levels.

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2.3.3 Assessment of quality of data provided

In this paragraph, the main conclusions of the assessment of the quality of the data provided through the implementation of the various monitoring programmes are presented (Detailed analyses is presented in Appendix 7). Data quality in this context is related mainly to the chemical analyses performed by each involved laboratory, to the sampling methods and procedures and to the procedures of data recording. The procedures of data recording are analyzed in paragraphs 2.2.4, so at this point the assessment aims to mainly evaluate the chemical analyses, as well as the sampling methods. • Analytical methods The laboratories involved in water monitoring are the ones of SGL, WDD-TL, GSD and DFMR. The analytical methods used by each laboratory are evaluated in terms of accuracy and detection limit, in order to assess their capacity to meet the specific requirements set in the Council Directives and Decisions that are related to water quality. In general, the analytical methods in terms of accuracy and detection limits that are used by the four laboratories involved in water monitoring are in compliance with the EU requirements and standards. Most of the analytical methods applied are according to the Standard Methods (APHA, WEF, AWWA) or in-house methods following the US-EPA protocols (especially for SGL). SGL laboratories are accredited for a significant number of the analytical methods used, whereas DFMR and WDD laboratories are not accredited. Especially for WDD laboratory the tender documents have been prepared for initializing the accreditation procedure. GSD is currently in the process of accreditation. In addition, all the involved laboratories have highly trained personnel capable of conducting the analytical methods without jeopardizing the accuracy and the precision of the results and in general they have the necessary high technology equipment in order to fulfill the EU requirements and support laboratory personnel to carry out effectively all the analyses required. • Sampling procedures WDD, DFMR, GSD and MPHS are the departments that are involved in sampling in the context of all the on going monitoring networks for surface waters, coastal waters and ground waters. The sampling procedures were assessed mainly by some field visits and participation during sampling procedures, by interviews with the personnel responsible for the sampling and by examining forms – protocols that are used in the sampling procedure (Appendix 8). Depending on the monitoring programme and on the responsibilities assigned to each department, usually sampling is undertaken by one or in some cases by two departments.

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Table 1: Overview of all the existing monitoring networks [D=Design, S=Sampling, A=Analysis, R=Reporting] DEPARTMENT No Monitoring Network National legislation WDD SGL DFMR GSD ES MPHS Law 160(I)/2002, Reg.97/2000, 1 Dir. 75/440/EEC [on going] D-S-A-R D-A-R R Reg.506/2002 2 Dir. 76/160/EEC [on going] Reg.99/2000 A R D-R D-S 3 Dir. 76/464/EEC [on going] Reg.504/2002, Reg.8/2001 D-S-R A D-S-R D-R 4 Dec. 77/795/EEC [on going] Reg.506/2002, Reg.707/2004 D-S-A-R A-R S-R R 5 Dir. 78/659/EEC [on going] Reg.10/2001, Reg.514/2001 D-S-A-R A D-S-R R Reg.407/2002, Reg.534/2002, 6 Dir. 91/676/EEC - Ground Waters [on going] D-S-A-R R Reg.45/1996 7 Dir. 91/676/EEC - Inland Surface Waters [on going] Reg.407/2002, Reg.534/2002 D-S-A-R R 8 Dir. 91/676/EEC -Coastal Waters [on going] Reg.407/2002, Reg.534/2002 D-S-A-R R 9 MEDPOL[on going] A D-S-A-R 10 Intercalibration Exercise for lakes D-S D-A-R 1 11 Intercalibration Exercise for rivers D-S-A-R 2, 3 A 12 Intercalibration Exercise for coastal waters D-S-A-R 4 LIFE “Development of an Integrated Monitoring and Early Warning System to sustain 13 D-S-R D-A-R the Quality and Multifunctionality of Surface Water” 14 Monitoring of salt lakes in Larnaka and Akrotiri [on going] D-S-A-R Akrotiri Salt Lake Water Management (Monitoring of surface and ground water levels, 15 D-A-R rainfall and inflows to the lake) [on going] 16 Quality of rain water [on going] D-S-A-R 17 GSD - National Quality Monitoring Network -Ground Water D-S-A-R 18 Quantity Monitoring Network - Ground Water [on going] D-S-R Water flow and water quality of springs [not a project/study and hence not of limited 19 D-S-A-R time span] Monitoring of rivers: Flows , Water Level, Water Quality and Suspended Sediments 20 D-S-A-R (island-wide networks) [not a project/study and hence not of limited time span] Monitoring of water level and water storage in Cyprus reservoirs [not a project/study 21 D-S-A-R and hence not of limited time span] Monitoring of potential impact of aquifer enrichment programme of Ezousa river [on 22 D-S-A-R D-A going] Water level and water quality of Ground waters (island-wide networks) [not a 23 D-S-A-R project/study and hence not of limited time span]

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DEPARTMENT No Monitoring Network National legislation WDD SGL DFMR GSD ES MPHS 24 Karst Project monitoring network [on going] D-S-A-R 1 Contribution of Laboratory Cedex (Spain) for the analyses of biological parameters 2 In collaboration with CNR-IRSA (Italy) for the design, sampling, analysis and reporting 3 Some of the analyses of physicochemical elements were performed by private laboratories and some by the SGL 4 In collaboration with the Hellenic Centre of Marine Research NOTE: Analysis (A) in this Table is treated as laboratory analyses and Reporting (R) includes both the data analysis, as well as the reporting to EU.

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The main conclusions derived by the examination of sampling procedures are the following: a) Sampling accreditation: Although some of the sampling procedures that are followed by the involved Agencies, under SGL guidance who has only an instructive role on sampling, are designed according to the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 5667, none of the Agencies is accredited for sampling. Furthermore, a common sampling report (no matter which Agency is performing sampling or which is the receiving laboratory) for every monitoring programme must be prepared including a complete documentation of the sampling performed and any field observations likely to be significant for the assessments of the monitoring results. b) Quality Assurance: Taking into account firstly that in several monitoring programmes different Agencies are responsible for sampling, analyses, validation of data and reporting, and secondly that none of the involved Agencies is accredited for sampling, the Quality Assurance of the whole procedure cannot be safely guaranteed. Therefore, common QA/QC procedures should be established to ensure the quality of the sampling activities of a monitoring programme, including care to preserve sample integrity. QA measures encompass all operational facets of a monitoring programme, which apart from laboratory analyses, consist also of field sampling, sample receipt and sample storage and preservation. These measures are based on: a) developing tailor made comprehensive and understandable Standard Operating Procedures (preferably under the instructions of a specialized consultant or auditor), b) using validated sampling methods (experimental proof and related documentation confirms that sampling method is fit for its intended purpose), c) establishing routine internal quality control measures (e.g. internal QA audits), d) participation in external QA schemes (external QA audits, QA accreditation). c) Training: A key factor in reducing the uncertainties related to sampling is for the staff in charge of the sampling to be sufficiently educated and trained in sampling procedures and in the risks and the consequences of taking inappropriate samples. This includes knowledge of the objectives of the monitoring programme and the further treatment of the samples taken. According to the information collected the staff involved in sampling has undergone some training regarding appropriate sampling procedures. However, the staff in charge does not seem to be very familiar with the scope of the corresponding monitoring programmes and the importance of sampling in the overall assessment procedure. Thus the issue of continuous training with regular training courses, in order for the staff to get familiar with a) sampling, handling and transport methodology, b) the scope of the monitoring programme for which the sampling is performed, c) the general requirements of the corresponding Directives and the National legislation and d) the progress which has been made regarding sampling techniques in European level, is of high importance.

2.3.4 Assessment of the laboratories involved in water monitoring

Five laboratories from SGL (labs 2, 6, 7, 10 and 15), DFMR laboratory, WDD laboratory (Tersefanou) and GSD laboratory are involved in water monitoring networks in Cyprus. An assessment of the aforementioned laboratories has been performed with respect to their personnel qualifications and training, laboratory facilities and available instrumentation, the existing workload of each laboratory, the analytical methods used and relevant accreditation, GLP and aggregation of data. More in detail assessment for each laboratory is presented in Appendix 9, a list of each department’s instrumentation in

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Appendix 10, and a list with the accreditation level of the laboratories’ analyses in Appendix 11 of this report). Based on this assessment the following points can be made: 1. Most of the staff involved in the analyses is sufficiently educated and trained on issues related to analytical methods and regularly participating in seminars and conferences. However, a problem might arise in the near future as some of the staff - especially in WDD laboratory (Tersefanou) and DFMR-laboratory has been employed on a temporary basis. 2. There is sufficient space and satisfactory environmental conditions for analytical measurements for WDD, GSD and SGL (lab 15) laboratories. This is not the case for SGL (labs 2, 6, 7, 10) and DFMR laboratories where analyses rooms are space limited. 3. The available instrumentation is sufficient for the current activities of the laboratories. 4. The current workload of WDD laboratory is high as its main activity is the monitoring of the water quality of 5 Water Treatment Plants and 2 Desalination Plants. 5. Most of the analytical methods used follow the Standard Methods (APHA, WEF, AWWA) or in-house methods following the US-EPA protocols (especially for SGL). SGL laboratories are accredited for a significant number of the analytical methods used, whereas DFMR and WDD laboratories are not accredited. For WDD laboratory the tender documents have been prepared for initializing the accreditation procedure. GSD is currently in the process of accreditation. 6. SGL and GSD laboratories follow appropriate quality assurance and quality control procedures. Data validation procedures followed by WDD laboratory are limited to intercalibration comparisons for 14 parameters through participating in the EU-funded research programme SWIFT. Intercalibration comparisons are also followed by DFMR laboratory only for nutrient measurement. 7. Only a small amount of data are imported to the existing database of WDD laboratory, whereas the rest of the data are stored in excel spreadsheets. No information management system is used by DFMR laboratory. There is no specific person in charge for data handling in the DFMR laboratory. In the case of WDD there is not one specific person in charge of data handling. Several different people are in charge of handling the data depending on the issue and/or project. Data collected by WDD undergoes quality control checks before being archived either on hardcopies or in the Department’s databases. Quality control and quality assurance procedures are followed by two designated employees of GSD for data handling and storing in the SQL database ENVIS. The current laboratory information management system of SGL offers great opportunities for proper data handling.

2.3.5 Validation and Aggregation of data

In this paragraph an assessment for the validation and aggregation of data provided by the involved laboratories and departments in the analysis procedure of existing monitoring networks is attempted. WDD: As pointed out in paragraph 2.3.4, Tersefanou laboratory is not currently accredited. However, tender documents have been prepared for initializing such procedure. The quality control procedure that is followed for data validation purposes is limited to interlaboratory comparisons through participating in the EU-funded research programme SWIFT (for the analyses of 14 parameters). Furthermore, interlaboratory comparisons -only for the measurement of boron- with SGL have also been performed. No routine internal quality control measures have been established (control charts, reference materials, internal quality assurance audits), but rather a routine calibration procedure based on standards measurements is followed. No replicate analyses exercise

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or consistent ionic balance check is undertaken. The information management system consists of a database (QUALITY), which does not provide for any cross-checking or validation. Furthermore only a small amount of data is imported in the database, whereas the rest of the data are stored in excel spreadsheets. With respect to sampling by WDD personnel, although there is some training and familiarization with sampling procedures, there are some issues that need attention and that might affect data validation procedures. These are mentioned in paragraph 2.3.3 of this report. In addition, the data is either stored in ENVIS database or are stored in hardcopy form. WDD provides water quality and quantity information to other Government Authorities (MANRE, Cyprus District Offices, the Department of Town Planning and Housing, Environment Service, etc.), the public, the European Commission, WMO, Consultants, research centers, Universities etc. through the WDD web-site, various reports etc. The level of aggregation depends on the recipients’ requirements. An example of WDD reports, in which information on water quantity and water quality appears, is the hydrological year books. Specifically the Hydrological Year Books are concerned with the river flows and the springs flow and quality. For the river flows, the data is provided as mean daily discharges, and then monthly total, maximum, minimum and mean for each gauging station. In the case of springs, data is provided in its unprocessed form, but monthly and annually total, as well as mean annual are provided. DFMR: DFMR Laboratory as already noted (paragraph 2.3.3) is not accredited for analyses. No routine internal quality control measures have been established (control charts, reference materials, internal quality assurance audits) but rather a routine calibration procedure based on standards measurements is followed. Furthermore for data validation purposes the laboratory asks from its subcontractors (private laboratories) to perform interlaboratory comparisons on CRMs (Certified Reference Materials) along with a laboratory from Monaco. However, no quality assurance procedure is followed for laboratory’s analyses with the exception of nutrients (where an interlaboratory comparison is followed). No replicate analyses exercise has been undertaken. There is no information management system used by the laboratory to provide for any cross checking or validation. All the data are imported and stored in excel spreadsheets and there is no data aggregation at any form. SGL: All five laboratories (labs 2,6,7,10 and 15) participating in the monitoring programmes are accredited for various analytical methods according to the European and International Standards ISO/IEC/EN 17025. Proper quality control and quality assurance procedures are followed in order to produce reliable laboratory data (by quantifying and control errors which inevitably occur in the process of analyses) and to maintain quality assurance of the analytical results on a continuous basis. Basic components used are the development of a comprehensive standard operating procedure and the establishment of internal and external quality assurance schemes. Internal procedures followed are based on an approved quality control methodology. All the data related to the implementation of this methodology are recorded at the corresponding archives of each laboratory. SGL laboratories participate in many interlaboratory comparisons and proficiency testing with accredited international laboratories from Europe and USA. Furthermore the use of the LIMS provides not only for data storage but also for online validation and flagging. There is no aggregation of data by the SGL, apart from the data analyses using Amoeba. GSD: GSD laboratory is involved in the process of accreditation for a number of methods. Also, in GSD field measurements instruments are calibrated prior to each campaign and according to the manufacturers manual. Especially for hydrostatic and barometric pressure measurements, validation is carried out through the pressure compensation procedure by using manual water level measurements at the beginning and at the end of

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each monitoring campaign. After data collection, data compensation takes place through the appropriate software. Quality assurance and quality control procedures are followed by two persons (hydrogeologists) prior, during and after entering the data in SQL database (EnvIS database). Double samples are taken during pumping test from all boreholes that are drilled for water supply purposes. The double samples are analyzed both by the GSD and SGL labs. Therefore, this could be considered as a cross reference among the two laboratories.

3 Needs assessment according to the requirements of WFD

3.1 WFD requirements Article 8 of the WFD specifies the monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas. It requires that Member States “ensure the establishment of programmes for the monitoring of water status in order to establish a coherent and comprehensive overview of water status within each River Basin District”. The requirements of the WFD in terms of quantity (number of different types of data) and quality of data and aggregation level are presented in relative detail in Annex V of the Water Framework Directive. For each monitoring the following is specified: Surface Water Monitoring (i) the volume and level or rate of flow to the extent relevant for ecological and chemical status and ecological potential, and (ii) the ecological and chemical status and ecological potential; in accordance with the minimum requirements as set by Annex V of the Directive. Three basic types of monitoring of surface water are referred to in the WFD: • Surveillance monitoring aiming at assessing long term changes in natural conditions resulting from human activity. Annex V, Paragraph 1.1 of the Directive explicitly defines the parameters, which are indicative of the status of each relevant quality element and that must be used for surveillance monitoring (e.g. composition and abundance of benthic invertebrate fauna). The results of such monitoring should be reviewed and used, in combination with the impact assessment procedure (Annex II of the WFD), to determine requirements for monitoring programmes in the current and subsequent River Basin Management Plans (RBMP). Surveillance monitoring has to be undertaken for at least a period of one year during the period of a RBMP. The deadline for the first RBMP is 22 December 2009. The monitoring programmes must start by 22 December 2006. The first results will be needed for the first draft RBMP to be published at the end of 2008, and then for the finalized RBMPs at the end of 2009. • Operational monitoring is to be carried out as an additional measure for water bodies that are at risk of failing to meet the Directive’s environmental objective.

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Thus operational monitoring will be used to establish or confirm the status of water bodies thought to be at risk. Operational monitoring should produce the environmental quality ratios used for status classification for those water bodies included in it. The number of monitoring stations selected needs to be sufficient to assess the magnitude and impact of the three specified pressures (point pollution, diffuse pollution, hydromorphological pressures). For operational monitoring, Member States are required to monitor for those biological, physicochemical and hydromorphological quality elements most sensitive to the pressures to which the body or bodies are subject. • Investigative monitoring is to be carried out only in individual cases e.g. to determine the causes of failure where the environmental standards are not met due to unknown reasons. Investigative monitoring will thus be designed to the specific case or problem being investigated, but might also be used for alarm or early warning. Frequency of monitoring The WFD Annex V.1.3.4 lines out that monitoring frequency shall generally be chosen so as to achieve an acceptable level of confidence and precision. But it set minimum requirements for a surveillance monitoring and operational monitoring. The Directive allows Member States to tailor their monitoring frequencies according to the conditions and variability within their own waters. Greater intervals than outlined in the Directive have to be justified on the basis of technical knowledge and expert judgment and are only applicable for surveillance monitoring parameters indicative of physico-chemical quality elements and for any parameter required by operational monitoring. Surveillance monitoring has to be undertaken for at least a period of 1 year during the period of a RBMP. The deadline for the first RBMP is 22/12/2009, but monitoring programmes must start at 22/12/2006. Depending on the existing information and the confidence in the first risk assessment surveillance monitoring may need to be undertaken each year at least during the first three years (2006-2008). The criteria for selecting the operational monitoring sites are presented in WFD Annex V - § 1.3.2. Operational monitoring shall be carried out for all those water bodies which on the basis of either the impact assessment carried out in accordance with Annex II or surveillance monitoring are identified as being at risk of failing their environmental objectives under Article 4 and for those water bodies into which priority substances are discharged. Aggregation of water bodies for the purpose of operational monitoring is allowed in terms of type and magnitude of pressures and sensitivity to those pressures. In case of significant chemical pressures from point sources, sufficient monitoring sites must be selected to assess the magnitude and impact of these point sources. Furthermore in the case of significant chemical pressures from diffuse sources the water body selected for operational monitoring must be representative of the occurrence of the diffuse pressures. In the case of hydromorphological pressures, the selected water bodies should be indicative of the overall impact of the pressure to which all the bodies are subject. There is no need to include in the operational monitoring small water bodies (< 0.5 km2 for lakes and < 10 Km2 river basin) unless they are of considerable importance for the total river basin. Selection of operational monitoring frequency for any parameter is up to each Member State provided that an acceptable level of confidence and precision is achieved. Thus in contrary to surveillance monitoring the selection of sampling frequencies is based on a rather problem oriented approach. Investigative monitoring may be required in the following cases: a) where the reason for any exceedance of EOs is unknown, b) where surveillance monitoring indicates that the

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objectives set under Article 4 for a water body are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established, in order to ascertain the causes of a water body or water bodies failing to achieve the EOs and c) to ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution. No specific guidance is provided for the design of investigative monitoring since a case by case approach based on local conditions, type of pressures and the specific objective of the investigation has to be taken into account.

Standards The methods used for the monitoring of different quality elements shall conform to the international standards listed in Annex V. 1.3.6 of the WFD or such other national or international standards, which will ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality and comparability. In the case of methods that have not been validated by a standardization body, the documentation of the method should be clear and unambiguous in order to allow easy implementation. In order to assure comparability across Europe, laboratories mandated by the competent authorities of Member States to perform water chemical analyses, must document a programme of quality assurance – quality control according to ISO/IEC 17025. Quality assurance measures need to be implemented for all the operational facets of a monitoring programme (field sampling and sample receipt, sample storage and preservation, laboratory analyses, data collection). All biological monitoring systems must comply with the relevant international and national standards where they exist. Where available, methods standardized by ISO (International Organization for Standardization), CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation) or national standardization bodies should be used. In case the method used is not validated by a standardization body, this should be supported by a clear and unambiguous documentation. In any biological monitoring system or model there are three different steps in the monitoring process: sampling and laboratory processing, estimation of metric and classification. Each of these is the source of an independent variation to the final result of the assessment contributing the uncertainty of the final classification. Linking the required WFD quality elements to relevant metrics is important feature of the methodology. Barbour et al. (1999) defined a metric as a characteristic of the biota that changes in some predictable way with increased human influence. Various biological assessment systems have developed (or are under development) in European countries. These systems generally lack comparability due to different sampling and analytical procedures and the use of different metrics, even when they are WFD compatible. Harmonization and standardization of existing methods at European level is under way and common metrics are applied at the intercalibration network. The existing CEN standards relevant to the biological quality elements are presented in Table 2 of Appendix 12. Groundwater Monitoring For groundwater, the programme shall cover monitoring of the chemical and quantitative status. An EU-wide approach, expressed by WFD and the relevant Guidance Documents and the proposal of European Commission for a new Directive for the protection of ground waters from pollution (19.09.2003 COM (2003) 550), which adopts the obligations derived from

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the of Council Directive 80/68/EEC on the protection of groundwater against pollution caused by certain dangerous substances, requires each Member State to monitor and assess groundwater quality on the basis of common criteria and to identify and reverse trends in groundwater pollution. The proposed Directive will ensure that ground water quality is monitored and evaluated across Europe in a harmonized way. The proposed approach to establishing quality criteria takes into account local characteristics and allows for further improvements. It represents a proportionate and scientifically sound response to the requirements of the WFD related to the assessment of the chemical status of groundwater and the identification and reversal of significant and sustained upward trends in pollutant concentrations.

Consequently, a core set of parameters should be monitored. These parameters are: oxygen content, pH value, conductivity, concentration of nitrate and ammonium. Other monitored parameters must be selected on the basis of purpose of programme, pressures and risk assessment on the basis of a suitable conceptual model of the groundwater system and the fate and behavior of pollutants in it. The monitoring programme must include: ƒ A ‘groundwater level monitoring’ network to supplement and validate the groundwater (WFD Annex II) characterization and risk assessment with respect to risks of failing to achieve good groundwater quantitative status. ƒ A ‘surveillance monitoring’ network to: (a) supplement and validate the Annex II characterization and risk assessment procedure with respect to risks of failing to achieve good groundwater chemical status; (b) establish the status of all groundwater bodies, or groups of bodies, determined as not being at risk on the basis of the risk assessments; and (c) provide information for use in the assessment of long term trends in natural conditions and in pollutant concentrations resulting from human activity. ƒ An ‘operational monitoring’ network to: (a) establish the status of all groundwater bodies, or groups of bodies, determined as being at risk; (b) establish the presence of significant and sustained upward trends in the concentration of any pollutant Surveillance monitoring should be undertaken in each plan period and to the extent necessary to adequately supplement and validate the risk assessment procedure for each body or group of bodies of groundwater. Operational monitoring has to be carried out for the periods between surveillance monitoring. The CIS Guidance Document on Monitoring for the Water Framework Directive provides guidance on the appropriate selection of quality elements and parameters. Member States should use their own judgment based on local knowledge and expertise as to what specific sub-element or parameter will provide the best representation of catchment pressures for each quality element. The definition of GW-bodies, sub-bodies and groups of GW-bodies is a prerequisite for the designation of a network for GW-monitoring. The monitoring network design shall be homogenous in order to guarantee spatial representativity. Recommendations on the sampling techniques highlight the following: ƒ The importance of continuity with regard to the monitored sampling sites. ƒ In a time series some observations may be missing, but the missing of two or more subsequent values should be avoided. ƒ Samples should be taken within a certain period of a year to avoid bias by seasonal effects.

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ƒ The sampling frequency should reflect the natural conditions and dynamics of the GW-body.

A Daughter Directive on the prevention and control of pollution of groundwater (GWD) is being developed, which will expand upon the requirements within the WFD. The draft GWD proposes the following criteria for surveillance and operational monitoring:

1. The establishment of a core list of substances and concentration values set at an EU level to distinguish boundaries between poor and good chemical status.

2. Identification of complementary substances by the Member States, following a risk- based approach, considering local point and diffuse sources of pollution.

3. Several levels should be considered when defining groundwater chemical status in relation to quality standards (e.g. drinking water standards, standards set up by Member States on a case-by-case basis etc.) Priority substances In November 2001, the European Commission established a list of priority substances in the field of water policy. The list identifies 33 substances or groups of substances (4 metals, 10 herbicides, 2 fungicides, and 17 other organic pollutants or pollutant groups) that have shown to be of major concern for European Waters (the current list is probably going to change in the near future as a proposal for a new directive was submitted to the EU Council recently). Monitoring of priority substances has to be included in: ƒ the surveillance monitoring programme ƒ the operational monitoring. The parameters used should be sensitive to the pressures to which the water body is subject and priority substances are discharged. Monitoring must be carried out for all bodies into which priority substances are discharged. Monitoring for Protected Areas Additional monitoring is required at boreholes, which supply water to reservoirs used for drinking water purposes and habitat and species protection areas. However the register of protected areas also includes areas designated as bathing waters under Directive 76/160/EEC, as vulnerable zones under Directive 91/676/EEC and areas as sensitive under Directive 91/271/EEC. These latter Directives also have monitoring and reporting requirements that are taken into account under the WFD. Under the additional monitoring for drinking water protected areas, monitoring sites must be designated in bodies of water, which provide more than 100 m3 a day as an average. Grouping of such water bodies is not allowed if the bodies supply more than 100 m3. All priority pollutants discharged into such water bodies and all other substances discharge in significant quantities, which could affect the status of the water bodies, and which are included in the requirements of the Drinking Water Directive should be monitored. Monitoring frequencies are given for drinking water-protected areas with respect to the size of the population served. In terms of habitat and species protection areas, bodies of water forming these areas must be included in operational monitoring if they are identified (by the Annex II risk assessment and surveillance monitoring) as being at risk of not meeting their environmental objectives. Monitoring must be carried out to assess the magnitude and impact of all relevant significant pressures on these bodies, and where necessary, to assess changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures. Monitoring should also continue until the areas satisfy the water-related requirements of the legislation under which they are designated and met their objectives under Article 4.

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For the register of areas designated as requiring special protection a total of 12 groundwater bodies have been identified as being used for drinking water purposes (refer to Volume 15, December 2004, “Protected Areas. A register of Protected Areas as required by Article 6 and Annex IV of the WFD - Implementation of Articles 5 & 6 of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC -specialized consultancy services under contract No. 39/03/61 for WDD). These water bodies need to meet the requirements of Directive 80/778/EEC as amended by Directive 98/83/EC (Article 7 of the WFD) and Directive 75/440/EC (Article 22 of WFD).

3.2 Data needs of the beneficiary agencies (quantity and quality of data and aggregation level) Surveillance monitoring has to be undertaken by Cyprus competent authorities in order to obtain a more representative view of the quality of all Cyprus water bodies and also to contribute to the efficient and effective design of future monitoring programmes under the relevant RBMPs. Although, all types of water bodies with respect to the primary classification (not at risk, at risk, need further assessment) have to be covered adequately by surveillance monitoring, special attention must be given to the water bodies that are classified as “needing special attention”. Based on the results of the implementation of Articles 5&6 project, out of 20 groundwater bodies 15 have been classified as needing further characterization and out of the 259 surface water bodies, 48 have been classified as at risk of failing to meet the environmental objectives, 20 need further assessment and 191 have been classified as not at risk. Those water bodies, which have been classified as not at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives (which stand for the 69% of the total surface water bodies and 25% of the ground water bodies), it is the typology that will be the major screening parameter for aggregation purposes (as anthropogenic pressures are more or less insignificant and the water quality level is comparable for almost all water bodies). Based on the specific conditions of Cyprus, it is anticipated that for water bodies not at risk relatively few sampling stations will be needed, whereas more sampling sites will be required for water bodies at risk and for those that need further assessment. For operational monitoring, some grouping will be anticipated in water bodies that are at risk of failing to meet the environmental objectives depending on the pressures that the water bodies are subject to. Based on the results of the implementation of Articles 5&6 project, the major pressures that the water bodies “being at risk” or “needing further assessment” face, are mainly related to significant nutrients and organic load inputs (approximately for the 65% of the water bodies being at risk or needing further assessment). Thus it is anticipated that by appropriate grouping of these water bodies, the additional workload regarding hydromorphological and general physicochemical parameters will not be high, even if frequencies to be applied might be higher than the minimum set by WFD. For those water bodies receiving priority pollutants or other substances in significant quantities, additional chemical analyses for these parameters is anticipated. However, as the water bodies being at risk or needing further assessment stand for the 31% of the total water bodies and provided that aggregation of these water bodies for operational monitoring purposes will take place, the overall workload for the purposes of operational monitoring is initially considered to be manageable. Due to the general lack of data on biological quality elements (BQEs), the development of an ecological status classification system, adapted to national circumstances will require some effort and time. A baseline set of data coupling BQEs to physicochemical and/or

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hydromorphological QEs will be necessary. There has been the Amoeba classification scheme, which is not WFD compatible. The intercalibration has offered baseline data for the adaptation of the AQUEM system for Cyprus. Certainly, the first years of surveillance monitoring may fill this gap. In the following paragraphs, the needs of the three cooperating agencies are described in terms of quantity and quality of data compared to the requirements of the WFD. Sampling sites By taking into account that in the current water monitoring programmes approximately 40 sampling sites for rivers, 22 sampling sites for lakes, 1348 sites for groundwater (out of which the 1130 sites are used only to measure groundwater level and the rest 218 are used for quality measurements) and around 50 sampling sites for coastal waters (not including approximately 100 monitoring sites for the bathing water directive) have already been established, these sampling sites may need to be spatially rearranged and possible supplemented in order to meet WFD requirements for surveillance monitoring purposes (as only 20% of them have been established for water bodies at risk or needing further assessment). The existing 5 sampling sites for drinking water protected areas and the 2 sampling sites in Kouris and Xeros rivers established in the context of Information Exchange Decision 77/795/EEC is anticipated to be used for surveillance monitoring of the respective water bodies. Additional (new) sampling sites at rivers might be proposed for surveillance monitoring purposes. As for coastal waters, monitoring programmes were implemented in almost all sites where specific pressures exist. There is no significant monitoring in coastal waters regarding pristine sites (including sites of the Natura 2000 network or turtle conservation sites) that could be used as reference conditions in WFD surveillance and operational monitoring programmes. Alternative proposals for the number of the additional sampling sites will be made in the activity 2.2 report and the exact number will be specified in activity 2.4 of the current project, taking into account that the data on BQEs are fairly limited and most probably more sites will be required. The specific hydrological conditions in Cyprus led to the development of an extensive network of monitoring sites for groundwater level (more than 800). It is anticipated that for the needs of WFD monitoring the number of sites to be proposed will be smaller, even though the existing network should be maintained for other reasons, such as monitoring for water resources management, investigative purposes, etc. Sampling procedure As already mentioned in the Technical Constraints chapter and the relevant appendices some deficiencies and gaps have been identified in the current sampling procedures applied. All agencies involved in sampling need to establish common quality assurance and quality control procedures to ensure the quality of sampling process of the monitoring programme. Regular training courses for the staff in charge for sampling is anticipated, along with internal quality assurance audits in order to verify that the appropriate sampling procedures are followed. With respect to the type of water sample to be collected, although spot samples are appropriate for most of the water bodies (current practice), depth integrated samples at more representative sites than currently used might be needed for the lakes and reservoirs that will be included in surveillance monitoring. Monitoring frequency

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Monitoring frequencies of the current surface water monitoring programmes for some parameters are lower than the minimum required frequencies set by WFD for surveillance monitoring. With respect to the general physicochemical parameters, more frequent sampling may be necessary for sampling points representative of water bodies being at risk or needing further assessment. As shown in Tables 3.D and 3.E (of Appendix 12), the indicated minimum monitoring frequencies for surveillance monitoring of all the chemical parameters for rivers and lakes is monthly. This frequency is provisionally proposed - and will be further examined in activities 2.2 and 2.4 - in order to minimize the risk of a water body been wrongly assessed. In addition it should be noted that this, higher than the minimum WFD requirements, sampling frequency for some general physicochemical parameters (oxygenation, nutrients, etc) is recommended by the Guidance Document No. 7 and it is not expected to significantly increase the sampling workload, as according to the WFD minimum requirements sampling for the monitoring of the priority substances must be implemented on a monthly basis but no samples need to be taken when there is no flow. By taking into account the extent of the current water monitoring programmes, it is anticipated that the additional workload that will be needed for the analyses of the general physicochemical parameters would be managed rather efficiently among the three Agencies. This might not be the case for the needs of priority pollutants monitoring (or other substances discharged in significant quantities) as the existing monitoring networks are limited. Thus apart from the need to develop more analytical methods for such substances, it is envisaged that the additional workload will be high related to the current activities of the three Agencies (especially when regarding the need to monitor for such substances on a monthly basis). With respect to drinking water protected areas monitoring and by taking into account that the population served by the 5 water bodies (dams) is greater than 30000, monthly monitoring frequencies might be required and thus an additional work load is anticipated. The frequencies for monitoring of hydromorphological parameters required by the WFD (Tables 3A and 3C of Appendix 12) are rather low (i.e. every 6 years), with the exception of hydrological quality elements for which continuous measurements of rivers flow and monthly assessments of lakes hydrological characteristics (inflows and outflows, water level, circulation patterns) are required. By taking into account that currently in Cyprus continuous measurements of water level are implemented at 51 gauging stations in rivers, along with current meter measurements and cross section assessments, no further workload is anticipated, except for a possible limited spatial rearrangement of these gauging stations for surveillance monitoring purposes. Furthermore, measurements of water level at 17 reservoirs are currently implemented on a daily basis, as well as inflow rates on a daily basis. Following the requirements of WFD, mixing and circulation patterns should also be monitored on a monthly basis. With respect to the other hydromorphological parameters required to be monitored (i.e. river depth and width variation, structure and substrate of river bed etc), monitoring frequencies proposed by WFD are low (i.e. every 6 years). ). The minimum monitoring frequency for drinking water protected areas varies from 4 to 12 times per year depending on the population served (table 3B – Appendix 12). The minimum frequency of monitoring for biological quality elements, as stated in Annex V.1.3.4 of WFD is every six months for the phytoplankton data and every three years (that is once during each RBMP) for all other quality elements (macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish). Furthermore, the Directive requires that "frequencies shall be chosen so as to achieve an acceptable level of confidence and precision" and that "monitoring frequencies shall be selected which take account of variability in parameters resulting from both natural and anthropogenic pressures. The times at which monitoring

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is undertaken shall be selected so as to minimize the impact of seasonal variation on the results". Regarding the BQEs seasonal variation is the most important point of consideration and it depends both on the seasonal variation of physical conditions and on the life cycle of the organisms monitored. On that account, seasonal targeting instead of being in danger of producing bias (CIS No 7), is often necessary. Notably, current monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrates is applied at more than the minimum frequencies at some countries (e.g. twice a year in the Czech Republic PERLA method and 3 times a year in the UK Biological GQA). Furthermore, yearly fluctuations of the abundances of certain organisms due to stochastic natural environmental conditions are quite common and the confidence in their assessment, especially when there are no baseline data, necessitates measurements for more than once every three years. Parameters and Analytical methods The physicochemical parameters that are suggested to be monitored in Cyprus in order to comply with the monitoring requirements of the WFD are shown in Tables 3.D and 3.E of Appendix 12, for rivers and lakes respectively. These parameters are divided in three categories: a) The general physicochemical parameters (indicative of thermal conditions, oxygenation conditions, salinity, acidification status, nutrient conditions, etc). Overall 17 and 11 physicochemical parameters have been selected for lake and river monitoring respectively from which 4 are already accredited by SGL. The analytical methods applied, fulfill the requirements of the WFD Directive. From the 17 parameters selected for lakes only one is not currently applied in the context of the existing monitoring programmes (measurement of transparency). However the analytical method is rather simple and no significant additional workload will be required to include it in the monitoring programme. For rivers all the physicochemical parameters are currently monitored appropriately. b) The priority substances have to be monitored to check compliance with European EQS. During 2005, 27 out of the 33 priority pollutants established in Annex X of WFD, were selected for monitoring in Cyprus. The remaining 6 substances are associated with activities that are not expected to occur at any significant level in Cyprus. As shown in Tables 3.D and 3.E (Appendix 12), analytical methods have already been developed for the monitoring of 23 of these substances. Fourteen of the analytical methods currently applied, which are already accredited, fulfill the requirements of the WFD Directive in terms of both lower limit of application and precision. Therefore, it is anticipated that additional analytical methods for 10 parameters needs to be developed or improved in order to fulfill the WFD requirements. It should be underlined that these parameters are not to be monitored in all the selected monitoring stations. The substances to be monitored for each monitoring station will be selected on a case-by-case basis according to the pressures exerted to the specific water body. From those priority substances a selection will be made for the ones, which are linked to activities in Cyprus. This selection will be based on acceptable criteria. The rest will not be included in the monthly monitoring. d) Other polluting substances (e.g. river-basin specific substances for which no European EQS are available) are site specific and should be determined similarly to the priority substances on a case-by-case basis. Under other polluting substances the state of art in chemical analysis will be implemented ( LC/MS, GC/MS, ICP/MS) in order to identify any new or emerging threads. Furthermore and according to site specific pressures a list of these substances may contain the following: BOD, COD, surfactants, dissolved or emulsified hydrocarbons, heavy

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metals that are not included in the list of priority substances such as (Zn, Cu, Cr, As, Ba, V, Se, etc.), Fe, fluorides, PCBs and cyanide. With exception of cyanide, the three agencies have already developed appropriate analytical methods to comply with current EU environmental policy. Oil and phenol related pollutants will be addressed through the application of multi pollutant analysis. The method of oil determination specified in the Directive is not accurate except in cases of highly polluted waters. Therefore the additional workload to develop the analytical methods to measure other polluting substances is not expected to be significant. In addition by taking into account that the water bodies being at risk or need further assessment stand for the 31% of the total water bodies and assuming that the selected other pollutants for each sampling point will be only a small fraction of the ones previously mentioned, the overall workload for the purposes of monitoring should be manageable for the three Agencies.

As far as biological quality elements are concerned benthic macroinvertebrates have been used widely throughout Europe and the United States (E.P.A. 1990, Knoben et. al. 1995, CIS No 7) mainly as indicators of organic pollution but also as indicators of other pressures (including both toxicity and hydromorphology alteration). They are less useful in deep rivers where they may be difficult to sample. They are recommended as a key element for river monitoring for the needs of WFD, especially for organic pollution (CIS No 7). In Cyprus, where there are no deep rivers and organic pollution is a problem, they have been selected for the intercalibration exercise and expected to be the key monitoring biological element. Regarding the lakes, the macroinvertebrates are widely used for the assessment of acidification, which in Cyprus is not an important pressure. Moreover their application in lakes of fluctuating level is problematic.

Fish represent a recommended monitoring element but cannot be used in Cyprus. The native riverine fish fauna is restricted to only one species, hardly known and rare and impossible to be used for the determination of high ecological status. There is stocked fish in many reservoirs and in the storage basin but their applicability as a quality element is moderate or low under these circumstances. The use of macrophyte community monitoring in the ecological classification of rivers and lakes is under development or already used for assessment in several countries. The macrophytic community composition and structure can be a useful and sensitive indicator of eutrophication and also an indicator of the flow regime in rivers and of water level fluctuations in lakes (littoral community). However, they are not widely used in more shallow rivers subject to wide flow variations, such as the rivers of Cyprus. The aquatic flora of the Cyprus rivers is rather poor, restricted to a few mainly epilittoral Angiosperms and macroalgae, mostly present at the few continuous flow river bodies. The macrophytic flora of the reservoirs is also poor due to the water level fluctuations. The potential development of aquatic communities is compromised and cannot be used for monitoring purposes. The littoral zone of most reservoirs is poor and their banks are steep and stony. Benthic algae, especially diatoms and filamentous algae, have proved to be very sensitive indicators of eutrofication and organic pollution in both rivers and lakes. There are classification schemes in use in European countries. Again their use has problems in artificial lakes with great fluctuations. Phytoplancton is of limited use in the small, mainly fast flowing rivers of Cyprus but it can be used as an important indicator in lakes and reservoirs. It has already been used for the draft classification of lake water bodies and is the BQE selected for the intercalibration in reservoirs.

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Table 1 of Appendix 12 presents the biological quality elements as specified in Annex V and additional recommended quality elements (CIS No 7) for surface water bodies. Also the applicability of each QE for the purposes of the Directive (CIS No 7) as well as their applicability in Cyprus (based on: Implementation of articles 5 and 6 of the WFD, 2004) are shown. Table 2 of Appendix 12 presents the current CEN standards for biological quality elements Some of the WFD quality elements are monitored at the moment in the Cyprus coastal waters, with more common the dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll-α (table 4 – Appendix 12). Both quality elements are monitored in all three coastal water types, e.g. hard intermediate moderately exposed (CY-C1), sand gravel intermediate moderately exposed (CY-C2), hard shallow moderately exposed (CY-C3), where relevant pressures exist (table 5 – Appendix 12). In the future monitoring has probably to be further extended also in the water bodies, where are close to coastal areas recently characterized as “nitrate vulnerable zones”. Measured frequency of nutrients and chlorophyll-α is very close to that was suggested as minimum from the WFD. Dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll-α, although very variable in space and time, they are internationally used as indicative of the trophic status of aquatic ecosystems. Benthic invertebrate fauna was monitored in the Limassol Bay, where open aquaculture activities are present once during 2001 and twice during 2004. This sampling frequency is higher than of that suggested as minimum frequency from the WFD. This quality element is indicative of many types of anthropogenic stress, i.e. eutrophication, organic pollution, mechanical disturbance, physical modification of seabed, sediment dynamics and fishing. According to WFD the ecological status of all surface WBs must be defined. The use of non-biological indicators for estimating the condition of a biological quality element may complement the use of biological indicators but it cannot replace it. In this context it is explicitly said that in surveillance monitoring programmes all BQEs have to be monitored. These BQEs are: For rivers ƒ Phytoplankton ƒ Benthic invertebrates ƒ Macrophytes ƒ Benthic algae ƒ Fish For lakes ƒ Phytoplankton ƒ Benthic invertebrates ƒ Macrophytes ƒ Phytobenthos ƒ Fish For coastal waters ƒ Phytoplankton ƒ Benthic invertebrates ƒ Macroalgae ƒ Angiosperms In operational monitoring programmes a selection of one or more of the BQEs mentioned above should be made for monitoring, depending on the type of pressures exerted on the WB. In both the WFD and the relevant Guidance Document the relation between BQEs and different types of pressures is given. It may be the case that other BQEs than the ones specified could be used in operational monitoring if a strong relationship with a specific type of pressure is documented.

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Each of the above mentioned BQEs include specific parameters such as biomass, abundance, presence of sensitive taxa etc., which can be selected to be measured from the MSs. This selection should be made upon suitability for the adequate assessment of ecological status. For each of the BQEs supportive/interpretative physicochemical or hydromorphological are specified. These must be measured/sampled at the same time as the BQEs. It should also be stressed that the WFD states that the monitoring programmes to be implemented should be technically and financially feasible. This is to be judged and decided upon different member states taking into account both general and specific technical issues – shortcomings. Beyond the legal obligations as summarised above it is clear that there are important technical and feasibility issues concerning the BQEs monitoring. These are mentioned in the WFD and the Guidance Document and are related to the following: 1. Applicability of the BQEs specified for WBs’ s ecological status assessment in different ecoregions of Europe. 2. Applicability of the BQEs specified for WBs’ s ecological status assessment in different types of surface WBs. 3. Need for development of Ecological Quality Standards (EQSs) for the specific conditions of each member state. 4. Need for following similar methodologies and calibrated grading system for the assessment of ecological quality status of WBs across member states. 5. High specialisation and availability of the personnel required for sampling, analysing and assessing BQEs. 6. Lack or shortage of baseline data in some MS and consequent need for establishment of type specific reference conditions for all categories of surface WBs (rivers, lakes, coastal waters). 7. High cost of BQEs monitoring. In order to explore and investigate issues 1-5 mentioned above it was decided to implement an Intercalibration Programme-Exercise across all member states for all different categories of WBs (rivers, lakes, coastal waters). This is organised on groups of MSs belonging in the same ecoregion. Cyprus belongs to the Mediterranean ecoregion. There follows a brief explanatory description of the principles and the different steps required for the use of BQEs in ecological quality assessment of WBs

Biological Monitoring System Monitoring systems compatible with the WFD are those that incorporate the natural and artificial variation of the sites. The classification of the water bodies is based on coupling of the BQE data to abiotic physico-chemical QE and/or hydromoprhological QE assessments by multivariate analysis (e.g. EKO), artificial intelligence systems (e.g., RIVPACS) etc. The determination of the reference communities (which are defined as those of pristine water quality and habitats) and the deviation of the monitored water body from the reference conditions are based on the above analysis. For the classification of one site, once the reference conditions are known, a simple prediction system may be used (direct comparison of reference and monitored sites with a Community Comparison index, CEN 8696).

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► Step 1: BQE field sampling

ƒ Requirements: sampling protocols, equipment, specialised personnel e.g. macroinvertebrates field sampling at various habitats

¾ CEN : ISO 27828, 8265, ISO 9391

► Step 2: BQE laboratory/office data analysis and parameter processing

Requirements: equipment, specialised personnel ƒ Requirements: equipment, specialised personnel e.g. macroinvertebrates e.g. macroinvertebrates identification at species/genus/family level

¾ CEN : -

► Step 3: metric estimation

ƒ Requirements: National index or score for the stress measured. Development or adaption of general indices to local natural conditions.

e.g. m¾ac roinCvEeNr t:e bISraOt e8s6 89-1, 8689-2

BMWP / ASTP

► Step 4: ecological quality classification at one of five classes ƒ Requirements: determination of index/score for reference sites determination of class boundaries site comparison by statistical analysis / special software data must be validated at sufficient sampling sites

e.g. macroinvertebrates AQEM (only macroinvertebrates) I.B.G.N. (multimetric)

¾ CEN : ISO 8689-1, ISO 8689-2

The parts of steps 3 and 4 related to the development of EQSs for BQEs need to be elaborated and assessed once and require expertise and experience of academic level in the relevant BQEs. Thereafter, periodical reassessment and validation may be required depending on the results of the monitoring programmes (e.g., after 6 or more years). It is basically an extensive and long research process involving sampling at different sites, data analysis and assessment. The Intercalibration Exercise is supposed to provide the tools and methods for these, so that different MSs can implement monitoring programmes and evaluate ecological status based on BQEs. Once these methods have been developed, steps 3 and 4 are reduced to simply appying the method. Where this is an equation, they can be included in the assessment part of the database.

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Personnel requirements Step 1 Team of trained personnel Estimated training time of an unspecialised biologist: at least 3 months (for dependable/accredited sampling) Step 2 One specialised scientist (for each BQE) Estimated training time of an unspecialised biologist: 6 months to 1 year (provided that he has access to specialised supervision) Steps 3 and 4 One or more highly specialised scientists. Experience required in both the organisms studied and the implementation of statistical analysis (not necessarily by the same person). Time depends on quality of data and applicability of BQE. Results of one year are minimum requirement.

Baseline data availability in Cyprus • Results of the project: Development of Integrated Monitoring & Early Warning System to Sustain Quality and Multifunctionality of Surface Waters in Cyprus (GSL- WDD). - Development of the AMOEBA index (not compatible with WFD at its current state). - BQE: Benthic macroinvertebrates. Estimation of the index BSI (=BMWP/No families) at 6 reservoirs and 1 pristine river, duration 1 or 2 years. - BQE: Phytoplancton. Estimation of chlorophyll-a in 8 reservoirs and 2 rivers, one or more times yearly at quite erratic intervals for four years • Intercalibration. - Rivers (type RM4, typology R2). BQE: Benthic macroinvertebrates. WFD compatible data collection and analysis, metrics, ecological classification; monitoring of 30 sites for 1 year. Some of the WBs studied have been designated as non-continuous flow (type RM5, typology R3); their flow regime should be reassessed. - Lakes (type LM8, typology L4). BQE: Phytoplankton. WFD compatible data collection and analysis, metrics, ecological classification; for 1 year. • Salt lake monitoring. - Lakes (typology L1 and L2). BQE: Phytoplankton (chlorophyll-a). Partially WFD compatible data collection; ongoing since 2005.

Conclusion on data availability in relation to WFD requirements → The baseline data availability for all and each of the BQEs is too low for the establishment of reference conditions of river and lake WBs. → The baseline data availability for all and each of the BQEs does not allow for the improvement of river and lake WB typology. → The baseline data availability for all and each of the BQEs is too low for the development of an ecological status classification system for any of the river and lake WBs. → The intercalibration data for macroinvertebrates in rivers can be used as a basis for the development of an ecological classification system following the AQEM-STAR methodology. → The intercalibration data for phytoplankton in reservoirs can be used as a basis for the development of an ecological classification system. → The intecalibration monitoring network should be extended to include all types of river and lake waterbodies at a range of pressures from pristine to heavy risk. The natural conditions of Cyprus water bodies and BQE applicability The climate and geomorphology of Cyprus differentiate the natural ecological conditions of its river and lake water bodies from those in Europe and place them rather at the extremes of the Mediterranean ecoregion water bodies. The main differentiating points are:

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ƒ There are only shallow, narrow mostly mountainous rivers with mostly lotic character. ƒ There no continuous rivers, only rivers with continuous flow at certain parts. Out of 206 designated river water bodies, only 17 were designated as type R2: large rain volume with a continuous flow. ƒ There are no natural freshwater water lakes, only highly managed reservoirs with wide water level fluctuations (11 designated, type L4) and storage basins (one designated, type L5). ƒ The salt and brackish lakes (types L1 and L2) reach an unusually high salinity, not matched by any water body in Europe and certainly rare at world level. There are very few organisms which are able to survive these salinities. The applicability of certain BQEs in Cyprus may be compromised by the natural conditions of water bodies which may preclude the presence or proliferation of certain organisms. Data and technical deficiencies in Cyprus and BQE applicability Cyprus is still in the process of developing ecological monitoring methods which had never been applied in the country before. Certain organism groups are relatively well studied but have never been used as ecological indices while other groups have never been studied before. The main points are: • There is no data at all on phytobenthos neither for river nor for lake water bodies. • There is few data on river or lake WB macrophytes and no indices developed. • There is very few data on phytoplankton, especially chlorophyll-a ,and macroinvertebrates and although there have been efforts for index development there is still a lot of work needed. For chlorophyll-a biomass there is a developed sampling methodology. • There has never up to now been an effort for an ecological classification scheme based on one or multiple indices (with the exception of the pollution based AMOEBA). • There is very few data on the ecology of the flora and fauna of intermittent rivers (type RM5, typology R1 and R3) at Mediterranean and European level and no data at all for Cyprus. Although these rivers constitute the vast majority of river WBs in Cyprus, they were not included in the intercalibration exercise. • There is no trained and/or specialised personnel which could fulfill the needs of the implementation of monitoring neither in the private nor in the public sector in Cyprus. Moreover there is yet no institution (University of other) which could take over the development of monitoring methodology. → In short, in Cyprus the whole biological monitoring system must be developed from scratch.

Although the WFD requires the application of all BQEs in surveillance monitoring of all water bodies the consultant estimates (but cannot warrant) that, given the particular ecological and technical constraints of Cyprus, a scheme including monitoring of certain BQEs along with the commitment for the prompt conducting of explorative research projects for all the other BQEs (excluding fish) could suffice for the fulfilment of the obligations under the WFD for the first monitoring period (2006-2009). When no method for the assessment of a particular BQE has yet been established for Cyprus, there is actually no sensible monitoring possible because it is not known which parameter must be observed and which characteristic must be measured. The consultant therefore advises to concentrate resources on the issues where results can be made. The proposed allocation of resources in the IR is aimed at this. In case the approach described above will be adopted, the client faces the need to find staff that meets the requirements as described above. For activities within the project it will be limited to the BQE that will be monitored. Success of monitoring these BQEs will depend on it. At present the most urgent need probably lies in the field of Rivers because DFMR and SGL each already have a base of experts for coastal and lake monitoring, although for sustainable monitoring they are probably a too narrow group.

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Although priority substances were measured, that happened only once during 2005. The minimum suggested monitoring frequency by WFD is once a month. Future suggestions for monitoring of dangerous substances will be included in the Activity 2.2 report taking into account local knowledge and expertise as well as representation of local pressures. With regard to groundwaters the parameters monitored by the island-wide WDD networks, established since the early 1960’s, comply with the needs of WFD monitoring. Parameters investigated during the GSD National Quality Network for Groundwaters (2000-2004) and the monitoring network for Directive 91/676/EEC – Nitrates also comply with the needs of the core parameters of WFD monitoring (oxygen content, pH value, conductivity, nitrate, ammonium). In addition, under the GSD National Quality Network for Groundwaters, some additional parameters were measured, e.g. full ionic

analyses (Να, Mg, Ca, K, Cl, SO4, CO3, HCO3,NO2, B). It is anticipated that a similar approach should be followed thereafter with the possible addition of specific substances depending on pressures. The existing Nitrates Directive monitoring programme fulfills the relevant requirements. Accreditation Based on the draft Commission Decision ‘Implementing Directive 2000/60/EC concerning minimum performance criteria for chemical monitoring methods and the quality of the analytical results’ and the on going discussion in the SCG, all laboratories involved in monitoring for the purposes of WFD might need to be accredited at least for the analytical methods applied. Thus, although not mandatory at the present time, the requirement for accreditation would be very possibly introduced in the near future. Therefore, based on the distribution of the workload among the three Agencies, it is advisable not only for WDD and DFMR laboratories to receive accreditation for all the methods that will be used in the context of WFD monitoring, but also for SGL to accredit some additional methods, as well. Furthermore all Agencies are required to use appropriate tools for data validation and handling (quality assurance and quality control procedures). Participation of all Agencies in appropriate proficiency testing schemes, as well as analyses of independent reference materials are also anticipated. In terms of aggregation of data the calculation of the annual average and maximum concentrations might be required to provide for compliance check with the relative environmental quality standards.

3.3 Needs regarding required outputs in terms of information

The needs with respect to information outputs which are specified below are a mixture of requirements directly necessary to comply with WFD Article 8 and requirements which are more tailored to the tasks of the three beneficiary organizations. In general the required information output should meet the requirements of water resources management which also is the subject of future WFD requirements.

WFD requirements The WFD specifies the information to be reported in the form of maps. Guidance Document 9 identifies in detail the 12 maps and underlying tabular data required for WFD Articles 8 by 2007, viz:

Map 6: Monitoring Network for Surface Water Bodies Map 10: Monitoring Network for Groundwater Bodies

by 2009 after two years of monitoring the WFD under Article 8 requires also:

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Map 7: Ecological status Surface and Ecological Potential of Surface Water Bodies Map 8: Chemical status Surface Water Map 9: Groundwater Status

Future Articles 11 by 2009 (Programme of measures for achieving the environmental objectives of the WFD cost-effectively) and Article 13 (River Basin Management Plans for each River Basin District, including the designation of Heavily Modified Water Bodies) of the WFD were kept in mind when specifying the in formations outputs below.

Water resources requirements

The three beneficiary agencies need the following information outputs. These listed items also fulfil the required information to compose a comprehensive hydrological yearbook and the information required to inform the general public on the quantity and ecological status of all water resources in Cyprus.

meteorology • Precipitation (total annual precipitation, per river basin and as an area map) • Monthly depth area precipitation • Monthly evaporation (descriptive statistics)

surface water • Stream discharges (mean daily, monthly total, peak, mean, minimum) • Graphs of mean daily discharge, monthly discharge and flow duration curve • Springs and chain of wells (discharge and flow duration curves in graph)

groundwater • groundwater elevation (level maps) • Groundwater extraction estimates (groundwater use per village based on irrigated areas and domestic use) • groundwater status according to WFD • trend line for groundwater level

coastal water • status of coastal water • map of the quality of the monitoring points in coastal water

water quality • maps of the quality for groundwater in iso-lines (e.g. bi-yearly) for relevant parameters • maps of the quality of springs as colored symbols indicating the concentration value for relevant parameters such as e.g. pH, conductivity, total solids, chloride, total hardness. • chemical status of the waterbody • ecological status and ecological potential of surface water bodies • trend lines for selected variables in a groundwater well

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ecology • integrated chemical, ecotoxicological and ecological information into simplified indices (e.g. as are presently available in amoeba) presented on a map or per location of interest • scorecards for various locations or thematic maps

4 Constraints and Recommendations on existing conditions

4.1 Preliminary assessment An important conclusion and a starting point for any further analysis, as well as for the design of a national water monitoring programme that meets the WFD requirements, is that some of present monitoring programmes were developed with the initiative of the involved departments in order to set the foundations for compliance -in a very short period- with the relevant EU Directives and with the WFD. Therefore, although some monitoring networks do not fully fulfill the relevant Directives requirements, there is a good foundation in the involved agencies in terms of equipment, personnel capabilities, analytical methods and familiarization with sampling techniques. However, in order to take the proper actions, the gaps and constraints are highlighted in the following chapter.

4.2 Identification of gaps and constraints Integrated approach The main institutional problem in the water sector in the island is the complexity of the administrative structures and the inadequate definition of responsibilities. The large number of Ministries, departments and agencies involved in various aspects of monitoring and in the implementation and enforcement of the environmental legislation creates a serious problem of coordination and does not allow for an integrated approach. It is extremely difficult for any institute to achieve an overall insight in the status of the system, due to the fragmentation of knowledge and insights.

A good example is the ongoing groundwater monitoring. WDD being the responsible agency for the management and development of the water resources in Cyprus carries out extensive groundwater monitoring. The GSD at the same time has established monitoring networks, which were or still are for specific studies (such as the Nitrate monitoring, the quoted by the GSD “National Groundwater Monitoring” etc.). Although exchange of information between the various departments is made at various occasions still there does not appear that there is a joint network design, sampling or analysis.

From the meetings with the WDD District Offices the wish for further decentralization of the monitoring was observed. In other words, the planning, design and interpretation of

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monitoring is done at the main WDD Office whilst the actual monitoring is carried out by the District Office. The responsible WDD Divisions at the Headquarters though dealing with monitoring may not concur with this is position. The key issue however is that higher educated and technical level staff dealing with the planning, the design, the sampling and analysis need to work together in a more integrated way involving more extensively the field staff in all the aspects of the monitoring cycle.

Roles and responsibilities The individual responsibilities of each agency are not always clearly defined or indeed understood by those involved. This situation has a bearing and it is reflected to some extent on the water monitoring activities of the various agencies involved.

A number of responsibilities are derived directly from the existing legislation or on the basis of Regulations. However, as in the assignment of responsibilities on the basis of the Regulation 707/2004 a number of activities are described ambiguously. E.g. to be carried out “in cooperation” and on certain subjects “jointly” and “in accordance to the arrangements made between them”, “… and certain provisions for the protection of ground waters”, statements that leave issues that need to be clarified among the involved agencies to avoid overlap and reduce to the minimum potential problems. Additionally sometimes delegation of roles is done following oral instructions by the General Director of MANRE or by protocol only.

On a number of occasions, the practice of certain agencies is extended from occasional studies or appointments and continue to such detailed levels that provides to them expertise on the particular aspect, developing thus a presumed ad hoc right to take up responsibility. Historically though different departments have to a varying extent contributed to the field of monitoring.

This unclear allocation of responsibility leads to some uncertainty, duplication of effort and gaps in the implementation. At the same time friction develops occasionally where those responsible for an area of activity feel threatened by others. At the same time, this results to shortage of appropriately qualified and experienced staff and other resources such as equipment since budgeting and finance can not always be secured in the absence of clear jurisdiction, responsibility or mandate.

Although the development of laboratory facilities at SGL, WDD (Tersefanou) DFMR and GSD has been according to each department’s mandate and responsibilities, increased coordination in their further development may be useful in view of the new joint responsibilities arising from the implementation of the WFD. This will help avoid inefficient development and creation of overlap.

There is concern on relying totally on the SGL which as an independent agency has its own priorities that may not necessarily concur with those of the other institutes. Nonetheless, the good experience of the long term cooperation between the WDD and the SGL suggests that such concerns may be unfounded.

Personnel Shortage of personnel was identified mainly in the WDD and DFMR. Although this is mainly a gap related to institutional aspects, it is directly related to technical aspects. In the present situation there are various shortcomings in the execution of monitoring

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programmes such as inadequate frequencies, inefficient data recording, samples being left unanalyzed, those are identified and are a result of the shortage of personnel.

In the beneficiary agencies it was also found that a number of high grade personnel currently involved in monitoring are close to retirement and have no younger people on to whom to pass on their experience and knowledge of the countries’ local conditions and water bodies. This can result in serious problems in the flow of work and the dissemination of knowledge in the future.

• Additional lack in view of WFD Lack of personnel degrades the present situation. In addition, in most cases, it is estimated that in order to comply with the monitoring requirements of the WFD, the work load for the 3 beneficiary agencies both for sampling and analysis, is going to be increased. So, the lack of personnel together with the technical shortcomings that are related to it, will become more intense.

Particularly it is observed that very few biologists with expertise in Aquatic ecology are available in view of the very large task resulting from the WFD. This may seriously affect the capability of Cyprus to implement the required monitoring effort.

Quality assurance • Lack of quality assurance and accreditation for the monitoring procedures Specifically, none of the three Agencies is accredited for sampling and there are no common quality assurance procedures for the sampling, data handling and reporting procedures. In addition, although the staff involved in sampling has undergone some training regarding appropriate sampling procedures, the staff in charge does not seem to be very familiar with the scope of the corresponding monitoring programmes and the importance of sampling in the overall assessment procedure. As far as GWBs monitoring programmes are concerned and especially for hydrostatic and barometric pressure measurements, validation is carried out through the pressure compensation procedure by using manual water level measurements at the beginning and at the end of each monitoring campaign. After data collection, data compensation takes place through the appropriate software. Quality assurance and quality control procedures are followed by two persons (hydrogeologists) prior, during and after entering the data in SQL database (EnvIS database). • Fragmented responsibilities For the several monitoring programmes, different Agencies are responsible for sampling, analyses, validation of data and reporting. Therefore, the Quality Assurance of the whole procedure cannot be safely guaranteed. Common standardized procedures to be followed by all Agencies would solve the problem.

Parameters and analytical methods • Gap in monitoring biological parameters Significant gap exists regarding the biological quality elements. The only biological monitoring is undertaken by DFMR (biotic factors measurements, nutrients, chlorophyll and zoobenthos) and also by SGL and WDD through the intercalibration exercises, although the latter was performed with the help of external consultants and laboratories and the knowledge has not been detained yet in the relevant departments. • Gap in priority pollutants analytical methods

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For the needs of priority pollutants monitoring (or other substances discharged in significant quantities), there is a need to develop more analytical methods for such substances. However methods are under development to address polar pollutants and pesticides.

• Gap in techniques and equipment The District Offices of WDD note the need for less time-consuming analytical techniques and sufficiency of monitoring equipment in terms of ownership of equipment. Several pieces of equipment used by the District Offices are on an annual-basis loan from the Division of Water Resources.

Data management Water quality data is not easily and routinely transferred from one department’s database to another. Therefore data is not easily available to the potential users; Often the used Excel files are designed by the persons responsible for recording the specific data for the specific subject. This results in different formats of Excel files for different data recording. In some agencies a clear description of the origin of the sample is missing (where, when, what, under which conditions, by whom and why); The majority of monitoring and sampling programmes for which the samples are collected are written down, updated yearly and stored on paper and are kept as hard copies. This way it is not easy to identify gaps/missing data in the monitoring programme; The location coding in the Envis database deviates from the sample coding on the sample bottles and from the coding used in LIMS at SGL. This results in problems matching analytical results to a specific sampling site;

Dissemination of the data by the Agencies is limited. There is a significant backlog in the production of yearbooks by the WDD as the most recent one is the yearbook 1997-1998.

4.3 Recommendations to overcome gaps and shortcomings Integrated approach It is recommended to follow an integrated approach towards the philosophy of the Water Framework Directive as a whole, including the articles that have to be implemented in the years to come. Already at an early stage it would be good to assign roles and responsibilities, not on who presently happens to be best positioned, but on who will have to develop, implement and monitor the river basin management plans and development of the water resources for Cyprus. Knowledge and experience on field conditions, functioning of the system, modeling, knowledge of administrative procedures and technical expertise need to be integrated and coordinated.

Roles and responsibilities Efforts to bring the responsibility for water under a single Ministry, dated since the late 60s culminated to a decision by the Council of Ministers (1997) appointing the WDD as the single Water Entity responsible for water while continuing to operate as a government department. The drafted law and regulations, since 2000, towards this end is still to be approved by the House of Representatives in year 2004, when a new “Water protection and management” law (L. 13(I)/2004) was passed for the transposition of

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WDF, some parts of the drafted law where included in the new law, but without fully resolving the water management competency issues; the old legal framework concerning these matters is still in force with most of the competency remaining with the District Officer of the Ministry of Interior. More recent thoughts (J.F. Verstrynge, 2004) put forward on the Institutional Organization of the Environmental Policy of Cyprus in the light of accession of the Republic of Cyprus to the European Union advise for the creation of a separate Directorate General for Environment and Natural Resources within the MANRE which will encompass the WDD, FS, GSD(certain sections) , ES, the Mines and Quarries Service and the responsible sections for marine and coastal waters, pollution of sea and marine ecology from the DFMR. Furthermore it proposes the creation within MANRE of an independent Agency under the direct political responsibility of the Minister of MANRE, to deal with all aspects of data collection, implementation, compliance and enforcement. All these ideas are still under consideration. Such developments will be decisive and affect considerably the overall approach on water monitoring.

The WDD, the responsible agency for the implementation of the water policy of MANRE with the main objective the rational development and management of the water resources of the island, and also being the agency quoted in the existing legislation as the provider of advice to other authorities of executive power according to these laws, had to develop and maintain knowledge on the water resources of the island through monitoring. The direct inter-relationship between surface and ground water resources, with very few aquifers independent of replenishment from surface flows as well as the limited aquifer storage coupled with the excessive interest for over-exploitation makes integrated monitoring of surface and ground water, absolutely essential for effective management of the water resources. It is therefore important that water monitoring be based on the philosophy that WDD has been following for the past 40 years, i.e. of integrating surface and ground water.

On the assignment of responsibilities, the extent of cooperation and the aspects for which the responsibility is jointly with the WDD and GSD has to be clarified between the two agencies. The same should be made for matters for which the advice of one department is to be given to the other.

It is recommended, regarding the further development of laboratory facilities to seriously consider allowing the emergence and involvement of accredited private labs, while limiting the public lab facility to one or a few well coordinated labs with reference functions. Specific dedicated labs (e.g. Tersefanou and DFMR) can then be optimized to their specific function.

Short term actions: Beneficiary Agencies are recommended to establish single coordinators who will act on behalf of all three BAs in the fields of: • Biological monitoring (rivers, lakes and coast) • Laboratory analysis • Physio chemical monitoring

Personnel Acquisition of additional personnel is a crucial point, especially in the WDD and DFMR, both for overcoming the shortcomings of the present situation, but also for covering the

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monitoring requirements of the WFD. Special attention is required for the hiring of biologists.

Pending on the final design of the monitoring program (number of parameters, sampling locations, frequency etc) the additional needs in personnel for the timely implementation of the allocated part of the programme to the various agencies, additional needs will be identified. The option of filling the gaps by personnel of other departments or even outsourcing part of the activities may have to be considered.

For the existing staff it is recommended to develop a human resources plan which takes care of timely knowledge transfer to younger employees before the retiring of seniors.

Short term actions: - Urgent hiring of Biologists, but also chemists - Integrate teams involved in monitoring

Quality Assurance A common sampling report is advised (no matter which Agency is performing sampling or which is the receiving laboratory) for every monitoring programme to be prepared including a complete documentation of the sampling performed and any field observations likely to be significant for the assessments of the monitoring results.

Common QA/QC procedures should be established to ensure the quality of the sampling activities of a monitoring programme, including care to preserve sample integrity. QA measures encompass all operational facets of a monitoring programme, which apart from laboratory analyses, consist also of field sampling, sample receipt and sample storage and preservation. These measures are based on: a) developing tailor made comprehensive and understandable Standard Operating Procedures (preferably under the instructions of a specialized consultant or auditor), b) using validated sampling methods (experimental proof and related documentation confirms that sampling method is fit for its intended purpose), c) establishing routine internal quality control measures (e.g. internal QA audits), d) participation in external QA schemes (external QA audits, QA accreditation).

Continuous training with regular training courses, in order for the staff to get familiar with a) sampling, handling and transport methodology, b) the scope of the monitoring programme for which the sampling is performed, c) the general requirements of the corresponding Directives and the National legislation and d) the progress which has been made regarding sampling techniques in European level, is of high importance.

All laboratories to be used in the framework of WFD monitoring should receive accreditation for all the methods that will be used in the context of WFD monitoring.

Short term actions: - Start discussions on willingness to implement above recommendations so that when consultants provide the technical aspects, they can be implemented.

Parameters and analytical methods Short term actions:

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It is advised to concentrate all knowledge on biological aspects in one BA, creating a centre of knowledge. Given the shortage of biological knowledge in the water sector we do not advice fragmentation For the priority substances it is recommended to facilitate full capability in one lab (for reference purposes) and to explore involvement of the private sector.

Data Management Water quality data should be easily and routinely transferred from one database to another. This would make data easily available to the potential users; A more formalized way to store the data is required forcing the user to store the data in an uniform/standardized way; A clear description of the origin of the sample is recommended (where, when, what, by whom, under which conditions, and why); A unique coding of sampling locations to be used by all institutes is recommended. Dissemination of the data should be considered an integrated part of the monitoring cycle.

Short term actions: Assure that developments as instructed to consultants in this project are well coordinated with ENVIS partners.

BQEs The client is strongly advised to initiate research on the remaining BQEs in order to be able to meet the EU legal requirement that it is actually taking every action possible here. This is an activity outside the present project. Exploratory research programmes should be planned and initiated in the near future (2007) so that specific data and results are available at the end of 2008. These could substantiate the case of Cyprus not including specific BQEs in future monitoring. The client is strongly advised to seek experts also for those BQEs that will not be monitored immediately, but that will be researched, in order to be able to build capacity through these activities. In this respect it is recommended to take maximum advantage of ongoing intercalibration activities. The consultant has done an extensive search for Greek speaking experts (MSc level or BSC with experience). The client is informed that it will be extremely difficult to find these experts in all fields. Extra personnel is required even for following training or actively participate in exploratory research programmes investigating the applicability of BQEs not included in the intercalibration exercise. Action should be taken by the Client in order to follow and exploit the current intercalibration exercise in rivers as far as training of personnel is concerned. In this respect the immediate active involvement of at least one (preferably 2) biologist should be considered. The Client is strongly advised to expand the intercalibration programme in rivers in order to include rivers or part of rivers with intermittent flow (intercalibration type RM5). Finally, the development of Cyprus tailor made methods for BQEs in order to assess ecological quality status is imperative and it includes possibly the BQEs included in the intercalibration exercise. There might be a risk of getting too many WBs in moderate or lower EQS if indices and methods applied to other countries are used without being adapted to local conditions. In this context the results of the intercalibration exercise so far should be assessed and discussed.

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5 Roadmap of Activities

A number of specific activities are envisaged to be carried out in co-operation with the Beneficiaries for a successful implementation of the programme. Each activity scheme consists of a number of actions that in the end will produce the desired result. The main Activity Schemes are: Activity Scheme 1: Evaluation of existing situation and framework conditions Activity Scheme 2: Monitoring programmes developed and Action Plan prepared Activity Scheme 3: Development of Integrated Databases Activity Scheme 4: Implementation of the Monitoring Programmes Activity Scheme 5: Capacity Building and Training Programmes Of the above activities, Activity Scheme 1 has been completed with the current report being the Framework Conditions Report and is to be followed by a National Explanatory Workshop. At the same time work has started in a number of other activities of Schemes 2 and 3.

A detail description of the activity schemes and the activities involved in each are presented as road maps in Appendix 13.

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APPENDIX 1: THE COOPERATING AGENCIES AND OTHER AGENCIES HAVING A ROLE IN WATER MONITORING

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1. WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT (One of the three beneficiary agencies and the implementing agency for the study “ Development of an integrated water monitoring programme and development of associated databases supporting the implementation of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC in Cyprus”)

The Water Development Department i(WDD) is responsible for implementing the water policy of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (MANRE). The main objective of this policy is the rational development and management of the water resources of Cyprus. In this context, the responsibilities of the Department cover a wide and diverse spectrum, which includes: • the collection, processing and classification of hydrological, hydrogeological, geotechnical and other data necessary for the study, maintenance and safety of the water development works, • the study, design, construction, operation and maintenance of works, such as dams, ponds, irrigation, domestic water supply and sewerage schemes, water treatment works, sewage treatment and desalination plants, and • the protection of the water resources from pollution.

Organization The Water Development Department is divided into 6 sectors: Sector I concerns the Water Resources and Sewerage and consists of the Divisions of Telemetry, Water Resources, Hydrology and, Sewerage and Reuse. Sector II concerns the Planning and Design and consists of the Divisions of Design, Rural Projects Tenders and Contracts and, Planning. Also under the same sector are the Regional Offices coordination and the EU Advisory Committee. Sector III concerns the Construction, Operation and Maintenance and consists of the Divisions of Operation and Maintenance of Domestic Water Supply Systems, Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation Works, Construction and the Electrical- Mechanical Services. The Department has also four Regional Offices, located in Nicosia, Limassol, Paphos and Famagusta-Larnaca. The other supporting sectors are shown in Diagram 1a (simplified in English) and 1b (extended in Greek).

Personnel The Department is staffed by technical officers with wide professional experience, such as Civil Engineers, Topographer/ Irrigation Engineers, Hydrologists, Sanitary Engineers, Electrical/Mechanical Engineers, Geologists and Chemists. Regular and temporary labourers of all trades are also employed. In addition, the Department out-sources many studies and construction of works to local and foreign consulting firms and contractors.

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Diagram 1a: Simplified Organizational Chart of the Water Development Department

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Diagram 1bThe Organizational Chart of the Water Development Department

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2. THE STATE GENERAL LABORATORY (One of the three beneficiary agencies for the study “ Development of an integrated water monitoring programme and development of associated databases supporting the implementation of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC in Cyprus”)

The State General Laboratory (SGL), a Department of the Ministry of Health, is the official Laboratory used by the Government to fulfil requirements embodied in the laws and cover among other areas, the water and environmental samples. It has 21 laboratories, each being specialized and confined to its own area of work. The laboratories are equipped with state of the art instruments, which satisfy the needs of advanced, high standard analytical methodologies.

Fourteen of the SGL’s laboratories are accredited according to the ISO/IEC/EN 17025 EU/International Standard. Furthermore, two laboratories (Lab No.20 and Lab No.21) are in the process of accreditation. The remaining five laboratories of the SGL, apply the same Q.A. system as the one applied by the accredited laboratories.

Organization The SGL is organized into 6 Sections each comprising of a number of laboratories as shown in the Organizational Chart of Diagram 2. Of these, pertinent to water monitoring are: Under Section C: • Laboratory No.6 (Lab of Environmental Chemistry I) This Lab undertakes almost exclusively monitoring and research activities in the field of water pollution investigation and control. It supports the competent authorities in implementing the EU legislation. • Laboratory No.7 (Lab of Ecotoxicology) This lab carries out Toxicity evaluation of effluents, water, soils, sludge, sediments, other environmental samples and target chemicals and is responsible for the implementation of the ecological monitoring of the water reservoirs • Laboratory No.10 (Environmental Chemistry (II) and Control of Effluents Laboratory) The overall objective of the laboratory is to contribute to the protection of the • environment and public health from contaminants entering the environment from industrial, agricultural or other sources. The laboratory carries out analyses of air samples, soil sludge, industrial wastes and treated domestic wastes. Under Section D • Laboratory No.2 (Water General Analysis) The Laboratory is responsible for the official control and monitoring of drinking water (tab water), borehole water intended for drinking, bottled water (table and mineral water) and water from rivers and dams. The samples are from monitoring and compliance programmes carried out in cooperation with the Health Inspectors of the Ministry of Health, the Municipalities, the Water Development Department, Fisheries Department and

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Geological Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment. Under Section F • Laboratory No.15 (Water and Pharmaceuticals Microbiological Control Laboratory) This lab carries out: official microbiological control of drinking/ surface/ underground water for quality and safety assessment so as to protect public health, consumer interests and the environment; applied research for the improvement of environmental policies and monitoring programmes; official microbiological control of pharmaceuticals to ensure their quality and safety. • Laboratory No.18 (Virology Laboratory) This lab has the scope of the protection of public health and the environment in development of new methods in environmental virology and the improvement of environmental policies and monitoring programmes. All the above laboratories except No. 18 are accredited according to ISO/IEC/EN 17025 and have an accreditation certificate.

Financial Resources Expenditures incurred by the SGL in 2004 amounted to £3,613.197 (compared to £3,407.245 in 2003) as provided by the Ordinary and Development Budget. Revenue amounted to £65,923 compared £72,342 in 2003, an amount that reflects to fees charged on analysis. There was also an external fund, which amounted to £36,323 from European Projects, £718,865 from Pre-accession support from EU and £28,120 from Research Funds of the Research Foundation.

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Diagram 2. The Organizational Chart of the State General Laboratory

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3. THE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND MARINE RESEARCH (One of the three beneficiary agencies for the study “ Development of an integrated water monitoring programme and development of associated databases supporting the implementation of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC in Cyprus”) The Department of Fisheries was founded in 1964 within the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources; its mandate was the development of fisheries and the rational management of marine resources in general. Over the years, the Department developed activities in multidisciplinary fields, concerning the sustainable use of marine resources, the development and sound management of fisheries and aquaculture, the marine ecology, the protection of endangered species and habits, physical and chemical oceanography, and the prevention and combat of marine pollution. In the year 2000, the Department was renamed to Department of Fisheries and Marine Research (DFMR) because of the significant expansion of scientific research in its various aspects of activities to broader scopes and objectives. The DFMR is actively participating in a variety of research programmes of the European Union and cooperates with other International Research Institutes.

Organization The DFMR has its headquarters in Nicosia and three District Units located in the coastal towns of Paphos, Limassol, Larnaca and two subunits at Paralimni and Latsi. Moreover, there are in operation two research stations at Meneou and Kalopanayiotis, which specialize in research and development of marine and freshwater aquaculture respectively. At the laboratories of DFMR work is carried out dealing with fish biology, benthic ecology, contaminant concentrations in marine organisms, seawater analysis, etc. The field capabilities of the Department are strengthened with the acquisition of four well-equipped vessels: the 13m Gorgo, the 12m Alkyon, the 12m Aphitrite and the 8,5m F8. A stockpile of oil antipollution equipment valued of £2,000,000 is also in use.

Personnel The DFMR, with a current staff of 65, consists of six divisions: Fisheries Resources Division, Aquaculture Division, Fisheries Control Division, Marine Environment Division, Fishing Shelter Division and Oceanography Centre.

Monitoring activities Among its current monitoring activities the following are highlighted: The MEDPOL programme in coastal waters, which includes interalia the monitoring of heavy metals and halogenated hydrocarbons in fish, that is monitored once per year in 3 areas (Pafos, Lemessos, Larnaka) in cooperation with the SGL; the Nitrates Directive at the Kokkinokhoria marine zone; the Bathing Waters Directive together with the Environment Service and the Ministry of Health (GSL); the Intercalibration process for coastal waters ; monitoring under the Aquaculture law, which was performed only once; a yearly monitoring of marine environment for priority substances concerning water and sediment; heavy metals in fish monitored once per year in 3 areas (Pafos,

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Lemessos, Larnaka) in cooperation with the SGL; and finally, a special monitoring programme for Larnaka and Akrotiri Salt lakes.

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Diagram 3: The Organizational Chart of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research

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4. THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT (One of the Agencies that have a role in water monitoring)

The Cyprus Geological Survey Department (GSD) was established in 1950 as a specialized section within the Lands and Surveys Department to assist the Government in geological matters related mostly to mineral exploration and groundwater investigations. Detailed geological mapping activity resulted to the section becoming an independent department by 1955. In 1960 it was placed under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry with mineral prospecting and geological mapping being the main fields of activity. By the late 60΄s, the survey was placed under the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources with an expanded mandate including groundwater exploration, engineering geological investigations and later the running of an updated seismological network. Through a project funded by the United Nations Development Programme, completed by 1969, the mineral and groundwater resources of the island had been identified and assessed.

Organization The GSD is organized into six principal sections. These are: • Economic Geology • Hydrogeology • Engineering geology • Geophysics and Seismology • General Geology, GIS and Cartography • Geochemistry and Environmental Geology The activities of the core sections are supported by a number of auxiliary services including the chemical, lapidary and the geotechnical and industrial minerals laboratories, the cartography and GIS, as well as the drilling rigs and pumping test units. These resources support the function of the Survey in four major fields, those of groundwater, mineral resources, protection of the urban environment and geological research. Groundwater activities include hydrogeological investigations and prospecting for new groundwater bodies for domestic use and irrigation. Extensive monitoring and proper management procedures are now required for groundwater resources.

Personnel The GSD is staffed by 22 geoscientists and 100 sub-professional and technical personnel supporting the six principal sections of the survey.

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5. ENVIRONMENT SERVICE (One of the Agencies that have a role in water monitoring)

The Environment Service advises on issues of environmental policy and coordinates plans and programmes that deal with the environment. It is mandated to ensure policy enforcement and the co-ordination of the process for the adoption of the European policy and legislation on the environment. It chairs the Committee for the Assessment of the Environmental Impacts from Projects. It promotes, inter alia, the laws regarding the Control of the Pollution of Waters and on the Management of Solid and Hazardous Waste. In regard to waters the Service is particularly interested on the implementation of the following: The Control of Pollution of Waters (No 106/2002): With the objective of the protection of the surface and ground waters and the soil from human and industrial activities, and also the regulation of waste disposal. The Nitrate Pollution from agricultural sources: Nitrate pollution from agricultural sources is a serious problem in Cyprus, even through the areas used for agriculture is relatively small. Vulnerable areas have been determined and action plans were prepared. The WFD (No 13(1)/20002) concerning harmonizing the Cypriot legislation with various water directives. The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Law (No.56 (Ι)/2003) regarding the regulation of waste from particularly pollutant activities with the main objective to decrease or even eliminate pollution at source. The Law for the assessment of the environmental impacts from certain projects (No.57 (I)/2001) in place and in full implementation since 2001. The Law on the protection and management of nature and wildlife (Νο.153 (I)/2003), regulating the protection of biological diversity, mainly via the identification of special areas of protection and protected species of fauna and flora (The "Nature 2000" within the framework of the EU Network). The Law on the Management of Solid and Hazardous Waste (No.215 (I)/2002). The Law on the Control of Pollution of Waters and Soil (No.106 (I)/2002) regulating the disposal of used oils and PCBs/PCTs. The Regulation of Good Agricultural Practices (Act 407/2002) as well as a related Regulation on the use of sludge in agriculture (Act 517/2002), based on the Law on the Control of Pollution of Waters and Soil. A Code of Good Agricultural Practices was prepared and is applied. The measures promoted by the Department of Agriculture include the control of the use of fertilizers; the use of improved irrigation systems; the preparation of irrigation programmes; the relocation of animal husbandry units; the collection of sludge; the treatment of waste; the suitable selection of areas for the application of waste; the training of farmers; etc.

Personnel Director, 2 Senior Environment Officers, 2 Environment Officers A, 11 Environment Officers, 5 Temporary Officers, and 4 Technicians.

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ENVIRONMENT SERVICE

DIRECTOR

WASTES/CLIMATE POLLUTION SUSTAINABLE HORIZONTAL CHANGE DEVELOPMEN ISSUES/NATURE T/PRODUCTS

1 Officer A’ 1 Officer A’ 1 Senior Officer 1 Senior Officer

2 Officers 2 Officers 1 Officer 6 Officers (1 at 1 Technician 2 Technicians Brussels)

2 Temporary 3 Temporary 1 Technician

Officers Officers

Diagram 4: The Organizational Chart of the Environment Service

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6. THE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE (One of the Agencies that have a role in water monitoring)

The Cyprus Meteorological Service (MS) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (MANRE) is mainly responsible for matters related to the weather and climate of Cyprus. The MS is providing services and information relevant to the weather and climate aiming the well being of the people of Cyprus and the protection of their life and property. The main fields of activity and principal functions of MS are: - Operation of a network of meteorological stations for the collection of data required for application purposes. - Issue of regular weather of forecasts and dissemination of these forecasts to the general public through the mass information media. - Provision of meteorological services, weather forecasts, warnings and other information, for the needs of civil aviation. - Issue of weather forecasts and warnings for shipping and other marine activities in the sea area around Cyprus. - Processing, classification and publication of meteorological data. - Publication of reports on weather and climate and supply of meteorological information and consultative services for the needs of the Cyprus community and in particular for applications to agriculture, conservation and management of water resources, engineering studies and constructions, tourism and industry, renewable energy sources, environmental studies. The network: The first known meteorological observations in Cyprus were carried out at Larnaka in the period October 1866 – June 1870 by the British Vice-Consul. In 1881 the Sanitary Commissioner installed meteorological stations in Nicosia, Famagusta, Larnaka, Pafos and Kyrenia. In 1882 another station was installed in Limassol. New stations were installed in the following years and by 1902 there were in operation 7 climatological stations measuring at least temperature and precipitation and about 35 precipitation stations. The seventh climatological station was installed in 1902 at Akheritou, a village near Famagusta, where irrigation works were carried out. The station network continued to be expanded and in 1931 there were in operation 7 climatological stations and about 60 precipitation stations. In the next 30 years new meteorological stations were added to the network. In 1961 there were in operation about 28 climatological stations and about 90 precipitation stations. These meteorological stations were located at District Medical Offices, at the Offices of the Public Works Department, at Forest Stations, at Police Stations, at places where irrigation works were carried out and in private establishments. Stations at Elementary and Secondary Schools were installed in the years after 1960. In 1974 before the Turkish invasion, the network operated 42 Climatological and 136 Precipitation Stations. However after the Turkish invasion only 31 Climatological and 101 Precipitation stations were operated under the area of Government control as it is indicated in the following table:-

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Climatological and Rainfall Stations

Year No of No of Climatological Stations Rainfall Stations 1881 5 -- 1882 6 -- 1902 7 35 1931 7 60 1961 28 90 1974 42 136 1974 31 101 1980 45 105 1990 47 112 2000 39 111 2003 39 108 2005 39 111

Up to 1956 the Public Works Department had the responsibility of carrying out the meteorological observations in Cyprus. In 1957 a Meteorological Office headed by a qualified Meteorologist responsible directly to the Secretary for Natural Resources was set up. In 1972 the funds allocated permitted the purchase of equipment and improvement of other services. The development of the MS continued in the decade of 1970. In 1976 a Meteorological Office at Larnaka Airport was established for the needs of aviation. Full development of the synoptic and aeronautical unit as regards both staff and equipment was reached by 1980. In 1981 a Radiosonde Station for upper-air meteorological observations was established. In 1983 a new Meteorological Office was established at Pafos Airport to provide services to civil aviation at this airport, while in 1986 a meteorological satellite receiving station was installed at the Meteorological Office at Larnaka Airport. At the end of 1990 a computerization system was installed at Nicosia head office and in 1994 a Meteorological Radar was installed at Throni-Kykkos. After 1997 the following technological improvements were established: a) Installation of a new Automatic Radiosonde Station at Athalassa. b) Implementation of a telecommunication system between Larnaka- Athens. c) Operation of a new Solar Radiation Center at Athalassa. d) Expansion of the network with the introduction of Automatic Weather Stations. e) Installation of UV Radiometers at Athalassa. Today, the network of Meteorological Service consists of 39 Climatological, 111 Precipitation, 1 Upper Air Observation Stations, 3 Synoptical Stations and 17 Automatic Weather Stations.

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 1

Personnel D – Director, SMO - Senior Meteorological Officer, MOA - Meteorological Officer A', MO - Meteorological Officer, SMS - Senior Meteorological Superintendent, MS - Meteorological Superintendent, MA1 - Meteorological Assistant, 1st Grade, MA - Meteorological Assistant CO - Clerical Officer, AO - Accounting Officer, C – Clerk, MES – Messenger

Approved establishment and staff position on 31.12.2004

Ser. No. Post Establishment No. of Staff Vacancies on 31.12.2004 on 31.12.2004 on 31.12.2004 1 D 1 1 - 2 SMO 2 2 - 3 MO-A 6 6 - 4 MO 12 9 3 5 SMS 2 2 - 6 MS 3 2 1 7 MA-1 10 9 1 8 MA 35 22 13 9 CO 1 1 - 10 AO 1 1 - 11 C 3 3 - 12 MES 1 1 - Total 77 59 18

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Diagram 5: The Organizational Chart of the Meteorological Service

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7. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS (One of the Agencies that have a role in water monitoring) The Department of Forests (DF) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (MANRE) is mainly responsible for the sustainable management and protection of state forests of 163520 hectares or 17.74% of the area of the island. It is also responsible for the implementation of the legislation on Forests which regulates the relationship of citizens to the forests as well as his activities within a distance of 2 km from state forests. The main objective of the policy on forests is the forest development through sustainable management and in general of the greater forest sector in a multiple use system, conservation of the biodiversity and the improvement and indication / use of all the processes of forest ecosystems for the creation of a greater and better quality of life to modern man and conservation of forests for future generations. A second major target is the protection of forests from fire and other dangers. Additionally the DF provides various services for a number of subjects and provides the opportunity for the populace to join the various Plans of the department and those of Agricultural Development.

Personnel

Posts No. Of posts Director 1 Principal Forest Conservator 2 Senior Forest Conservator 5 Forest Conservator A’ 7 Forest Conservator 11 Principal Forest Officer 6 Senior Forest Officer 16 Forest Officer 50 Assistant Forest Officer 195 Total 293

Activities related to environmental issues Monitoring of Forests and of environmental effects (Forest Focus). This is an integrated program for forest ecosystems co-financed by the E.U. Regulation (E.U) number 2152/2003 for the monitoring of forests and associated environmental effects (Focus on Forests). Due to availability of know how, the DF has undertaken a number of responsibilities resulting from “Natura 2000” for the areas within state forests (The Directive for the conservation of natural ecosystems and of wild flora and fauna).

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 1

Diagram 6: The Organizational Chart of the Department of Forests

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APPENDIX 10: LABORATORIES INSTRUMENTATION LISTS

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INSTRUMENTATION CATALOGUE OF STATE GENERAL LABORATORY

– LABORATORY (6) -

YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE Hewlett Packard with 1 GC-MS System 1996/2005 1 software HP Gas Chromatography 2 System, split/splitless, 2 SHIMADZU 1993 1 detectors ECD Gas Chromatography System, split/splitless, SHIMADZU, GC-17AV3 3 2000 1 detectors, FID, FPD, FTD 1 with software Glass10 Gas Chromatography System, split/splitless, 4 SHIMADZU 1995 1 detectors, FID, FPD, FTD, ECD with software Glass10 Gas Chromatography System, injectors with on Hewlett Packard with 5 line Sample Concentrator 1998 1 software HP and Autosampler P&T anddetectors : ECD/PID HPLC System, with Waters with software 6 fluorescence detectors 470 1995 1 Millenium 32 and PCD system HPLC System, with Waters Alliance 2695, 7 fluorescence detectors 474 with software Millenium 1998 1 and PDA 32 HPLC System, with detectors Waters Alliance 2695, 8 2004 1 MS/ZQ 2000 and PDA with software MassLynx HPLC System, with Waters with software 9 1997 1 conductivity detector Millenium 32 10 pH-meter Mettler MP230 - 1 Solid Phase Extraction System 11 CPI8787654 2000 1 for extraction discs

12 Pump KNF LAB N840-3FT18 2000 1

13 Hot plate Stuart Scientific SH2 - 1

Solid Phase Extraction 16 Supelco 1996 1 System 17 Flow-meter Altech 1997 1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with Mercury 18 SHIMADZU 1997 1 Vaporizer unit, cooling system and PC Inductively Coupled Plasma 19 - 1995 1 System Gallenkamp BJE 20 Water Bath - 1 900.010Q Zymark Concentration 21 -TURBO VAP 2003 1 Workstation

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YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE

24 Environmental Shaker - - 1 Rotary Evaporator and water 25 Buchi 1998 1 bath

Prospect On Line Extraction 27 SDU 2000 1 System Autotrace extraction system 28 Caliber 2005 1

LAB07 2. Toxicology Laboratory (07) YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE Shimadzu UV Spectrophotometer UV-1601 1998 1

Jenway pH/Conductivity meter 3410 1998 1 Microprocessor Oxi-meter Oxi 3000 1998 1 Olympus Μicroscope CHS 1995 1 Philip Harris Stereo microscope Y29085/6, 1997 1

Microplate Reader ELX808 IU 1999 1 Microbics Microtox Toxicity Analyzer M500 1992 1

Light box Model Grande ULB-150 2004 2

Denver Instrument Company, XP300 1997 1

Toploading Balance Denver Instrument Company, TR203 2000 1

Toploading Balance Bottom Sampler (Hydro-Bios) 1997 1

Consort pH / Conductivity meter C831 2005 1

ESCO Biological Safety Cabinet AC24A1 2005 1

Anthos Luminometer Lucy3 2005 1

SDI Microtox Toxicity Analyzer M500 2004 1

Taylor-Wharton Storage liquid XT20 2005 1 nitrogen tank

New Brunsk Scientific CO2 incubator CO281R-20 2005 1

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INSTRUMENTATION CATALOGUE OF STATE GENERAL LABORATORY

– LABORATORY (2) -

YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE 1 Spectrophotometer UV/VIS Mini 1240 SHIMADZU 2000 1 2 Spectrophotometer UV/VIS PHARMACIA 1991 1 3 pH-meter Mettler Toledo MP 230 2000 1 4 Conductivity-meter Mettler Toledo MC226 1999 1 Lovibond Nesslerizer 5 Colorimeter 1989 1 2150 6 Digital Titration Pipette Burette 2001 1 HPLC System, with Waters with software 7 1997 1 conductivity detector Millenium 32 8 pH-meter Mettler MP230 - 1 9 Solid Phase Extraction System CPI8787654 - 1 10 Pump KNF LAB N840-3FT18 - 1

11 Hot plate Stuart Scientific SH2 - 1 12 Magnetic Stirrer Electrothermal - 1 13 Water Bath Grant Y6 - 1 14 Solid Phase Extraction System Supelco - 1 15 Flow-meter Altech - 1 Gallenkamp BJE 16 Water Bath - 1 900.010Q Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with Mercury 17 SHIMADZU 1997 1 Vaporizer unit, cooling system and PC Inductively Coupled Plasma 18 - 1995 1 System Zymark Concentration 19 - - 1 Workstation 20 Waters Purification System Elix 10 - 1 21 Chlorine Analyzer ECS 2000 - 1 22 Environmental Shaker - - 1 Rotary Evaporator and water 23 Buchi - 1 bath 24 Solid Phase Extraction System Biotronics - 1 Prospect On Line Extraction 25 - - 1 System 26 Autotrace - - 1

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INSTRUMENTATION CATALOGUE OF STATE GENERAL LABORATORY

– LABORATORY (15) -

YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE 1 Incubator at 22 0C - - 1 2 Incubator at 35 0C - - 1 0 3 Incubator at 36 C, 2.5%CO2 - - 1 4 Incubator at 37 0C - - 1 5 Incubator at 41.5 0C - - 1 6 Incubator at 44 0C - - 1 Room refrigerator for storin 7 - - 1 nutrients 8 Refrigarator for storing samples - - 1 9 UV Lamp - - 1 Quanty Tray Sealer for 10 detection/enumeration of fecal & - - 1 E.Coli 11 Fluorescent Microscope - - 1 12 Stereoscope - - 1 13 Colony Enumeration Device - - 1 14 Centrifuge - - 1 Water baths - - 3 16 Laminar flow cabinets - - 2 17 Safety Cabinet Class II - - 1 Water Filtration Units Microfil 18 Millipore (with 3 filtration - - 3 positions)

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INSTRUMENTATION CATALOGUE OF WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

– TERSEFANOU LABORATORY -

YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE 1 Filtration Unit Milliflex/Millipore Auto-VAC Release - 1 UV/VIS/NIR 2 V-570, JASCO - 1 Spectrophotometer 3 Stirrer TK22, Techno Kartell - 1 4 Oven TV 30Ul 770348, Memmert - 1 5 Electronic Balance KB 40001, KERN - 1 6 Colorimeter Oubeco-Hellige - 1 7 Refrigerator m/eurotech - 1 8 Boiler LAVAT - 1 9 Conductivity meter 510pc, Cyberscan - 1 Cyberscan 500CON 10 Conductivity meter - 1 Asset code: TWT-0025 ●Unicam GF90 furnace Tersefanou Atomic Absorption ●Epson FX-870 Water Tr. 11 1 Spectrometer with autosampler ●Solar Plant Contract ●Optiflex 466/Le, Dell Year 2000 12 Centrifuge MPW-310 - 1 13 Distillator WS B/4, Hamilton - 2 14 Electronic Balance PR503, Mettler/Toledo - 1 15 Electronic Balance LB-1050/2, Laberte - 1 16 Electronic Balance Sartorius analytic - 1 ATS 200 17 Flame Photometer - 1 No:177742 JUVA, Condor 18 Fluorescence analysis cabinet CM-10, Spectroline - 1 19 Heater Fisons - 1 ICS 2000 Ion Chromatography ProductNo:058900, Serial System, OTK Computer, No:060190613019, Dionex/EGCII KOH, 20 Printer Hp deskjet 3650, AS50 Dionex, Product No:058902 Serial 2004 1 Autosampler, Ion No:040222415024,Dionex/EGCII MSA Chromatography System Medisell co Ltd 21 Incubator Gallen Kamp, Sanyo - 3 22 Magnetic Stirrer Hotplate FISONS - 1 23 Laminar flow cabinet NU-201-430E, Laminar Flow Products - 1 24 Oven HS32A - 1 25 Oven - 1 26 Oven HS 62A - 1 27 Oven HS 32A - 1 28 Oven HS 122A - 1 29 pH-meter Inolab pH720, WTW - 1 Inolab 30 pH-meter - 1 Level L, WTW Cyberscan 510pH 31 pH-meter - 2

●Composite vent filter/USF LGA LC 136 32 Distillator ●Reservoir 25L - 1 ELGA 33 Quanti-Tray Sealer 2X - 1 34 Refrigerated Incubator F-TC 90E - 1 35 Refrigerator malber - 1

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YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE 36 Small Refrigerator Gipson - 1 IRIS Intrepid II XDL 37 Spectrophotometer (ICP) ●ASX-510 Auto Sampler 2004 1 ●DTK Computer/dtk DC-180 38 Total Organic Carbon Analyzer - 1 Rosemount Dohrmann 2100AN 39 Turbidimeter - 1 HACH 2100P 40 Turbidimeter - 1 HACH 41 Viscocity meter Pascall 9VS - 1 Vortex mixer 42 Stuart - 1 (Stirrer) 43 Zeta-meter Voltage Converter - 1

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INSTRUMENTATION CATALOGUE OF DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY

YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE 1 Ultra soniccator - - 1 2 Cooling centrifugal - - 1 3 Fluorescence meter - - 1 4 UV/VIS Spectral Photometer - - 1 5 Stereoscopes - - 2 Image Analysis System 6 - - 1 equipped with Stereomicroscope Bottom Benthic Samplers (Van 7 - - 3 Veen dredges 0.1, 0.05, 0.025) Metallic Frame for Sampling 8 - - 1 Phytobenthos 9 Vacuum pumps - - 2 Water filtering system of 10 - - 1 millipore 11 Accurate balance - - 2 12 Apionizing Column - - 1 13 Water Distillation Column - - 1 Nutrients Auto-Analyzer (needs 14 Alpkem - 1 renewal) pH-meter portable - - 1 16 Oxygen-meter portable - - 1 17 Conductivity-meter portable - - 1 18 Freeze -dryer (needs renewal) - - 1 19 Furnance (up to 1000 oC) - - 1 20 Dry Oven - - 1 21 Abductor - - 1 Instrument for grinding of 22 - - 1 materials 23 Research Vessel of 12 m long - - 3 24 Research Vessel 13 m long - - 1 Water Sampler equipped with 25 - - 1 thermometer

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INSTRUMENTATION CATALOGUE OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT LABORATORY

YEAR OF A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS PURCHASE Ion Chromatography SHIMADZU HIC-SP 1 2003 1 System SUPER HPLC Inductively Coupled Plasma SHIMADZU ICPS- 2 1999 1 System 7500 Mettler Toledo 3 pH-meter - 1 SevenMulti Mettler Toledo 4 Conductivity-meter - 1 MC226 5 Flame Photometry System - - 1

INSTRUMENTATION CATALOGUE OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MOBILE EQUIPMENT

A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS MYRON L COMPANY Conductivity PH meter & 1 ULTRAMETER S/N 1 Temperature 605801 Conductivity and Resistivity S/N 405765, S/N 2 1 meter 407566 PH meter RW/mv Digital 3 S/N 96061399 1 Field (pH or Ptest Kit) Meter conductivity Field 4 S/N 96091675 1 Conductivity Test Kit HYDROLAB S/N 5 Conductivity meter 2 306642, S/N HORIBA MODEL U-10 6 Portable water analyzer 1 MEG. NO 640032

A/N EQUIPMENT MODEL ITEMS 1 Drilling Maschine Mobile-Drill 3 Rotadrill T985HA, 2 Drilling Maschine 4 T64HB, RD20 Ruston Bucyrus 3 Drilling Maschine 5 22RW, 60RL 4 Geologger 1 5 Engine Turam, IP 2 Rolls-Royce, 6 Electric generator Commins, Iveco/ 1 Aifo 7 Mobile Electric generator 1 8 Dozer 1 9 Winlogger Mercedes 2 10 Water Tanker KMC, Hino 4 Volvo, Iveco, 11 Lorry with Grane 5 Mercedes 12 Wreck EZH 989 Iveco 1 13 Caravan CBB357 Isuzu 1

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APPENDIX 11: ACCREDITATION LEVEL OF LABORATORIES ANALYSES

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ANALYSES INTENDED FOR ACCREDITATION OF WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

-TERSEFANOU LABORATORY-

1. B (ICP) 2. Cl (IC) 3. NO3 (IC) 4. SO4 (IC) 5. BRO3 (IC) 6. F (IC) 7. PO4 (IC) 8. Na (IC and ICP) 9. K (IC and ICP) 10. Ca (IC and ICP) 11. Mg (IC and ICP) 12. Conductivity 13. pH 14. Fe (ICP)

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ACCREDITED ANALYSES OF STATE GENERAL LABORATORY

-LABORATORY (2)-

Annex to the Certificate No. 78

SCOPE of ACCREDITATION F1/2 of the Water General Analysis Laboratory of the State General Laboratory of Cyprus

Tested materials/products Types of test/Properties Applied Standards/Techniques

Chemical tests

* th Spectrophotometric APHA 4500-NO3 B: 1998, 20 Edition - Bottled and drinkable water determination of NO3

Volumetric determination of APHA* 4500 Cl-B: 1998, 20th Edition chloride

Determination of APHA* 2510 B: 1998, 20th Edition conductivity

Determination of pH APHA* 4500 H+ : 1998, 20th Edition

Volumetric determination of APHA* 2340 C: 1998, 20th Edition Total Hardness * American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”, 20th Edition, 1998 Site of asseseement : Laboratory permanent premises, 44 Kimonos Str. Akropolis, 1451 Nicosia, Cyprus Approved signatories : G. Kathidjiotis, Ε.Loizou, K. Kontogiorgi, G. Kyriakou.

This scope of Accreditation replaces the previous one dated 9.3.2006 The Accreditation Certificate No. 78 (to ELOT EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000) is valid until 30.7.2006.

Athens, 24.5.2006 C. Kagarakis

Chairman of ESYD

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ACCREDITED ANALYSES OF STATE GENERAL LABORATORY

-LABORATORY (6)-

Hellenic Accreditation System SA

Annex to the Certificate No. 81

SCOPE of ACCREDITATION F1/2 of Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry (I) of the State General Laboratory of Cyprus

Tested materials/products Types of test/Properties Applied Standards/Techniques

Chemical tests

Water (drinking, ground, 1. Determination of ΜΕΘ 060304, GC/ECD surface) trihalomethanes In house validated method, based (chloroform, on USEPA 551: 1990 bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform)

2. Determination of polycyclic ΜΕΘ 060308, HPLC/Fluorescence aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) In house validated method, based (naphthalene, acenaphthene, on USEPA 550.1: 1990 fluorine, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,I]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene)

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Tested materials/products Types of test/Properties Applied Standards/Techniques

3. Screening of pesticides: METH 06 02 01 Water (drinking, ground, Triazines [simazine, atrazine, surface) propazine, metribuzin], In house validated GC/FTD method Alachlor ,and after SPE continued Organophosphorous [dichlorvos (DDVP), parathion-methyl, fenthion, chloropyrifos, methidathion, azinfos-ethyl, diazinon, formothion, fenitrothion, ethion, trifluralin, quinalphos]

4. Determination of organic ΜΕΘ 060307, GC/FID, GC/MS micropollutants In house validated method based Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, 1,3- on USEPA 625: 1982 dichlorobenzene, 1,4- dichlorobenzene, 1,2- dichlorobenzene, bis(2- chloroisopropyl)ether, hexachloroethane, N-nitrosodi-n- propylamine, nitrobenzene, isophorone, bis(2- chloroethoxy)methane, 1,2,4- tricclorobenzene, napthalene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, 2- chloronaphthalene, dimethyl- phthalate, acenaphthylene, 2,6- dinitrotoluene, acenaphthene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, diethyl phthalate, fluorene, 4- chlorophenylphenyl ether, N- nitrosodiphelylamine, phenanthrene, 4- bromophenylphenyl ether, hexachlorobenzene, fluoranthene, anthracene, di-n- butyl phthalate, azobenzene, pyrene, butyl benzyl phthalate, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate, di-n- octyl phthalate, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3- cd]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene

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Tested materials/products Types of test/Properties Applied Standards/Techniques

5. Determination of N- ΜΕΘ 06 02 04 methylcarbamates HPLC/Fluorescence, post-column derivatization

Validated in-house method based on Carbamate Analysis System Waters Manual No 30804: 1989

Site of asseseement : Laboratory permanent premises, 44 Kimonos Str., Akropolis, 1451 Nicosia, Cyprus Approved signatories : S. Canna-Michaelidou, M. Christodoulidou, P. Piera,P.Εfstathiou, M.T Tiggiridou.

This scope of Accreditation replaces the previous one dated 9.3.2006 The Accreditation Certificate No. 81 (to ELOT EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000) is valid until 30.7.2006.

Athens Μay 24th , 2006

C. Kagarakis Chairman of ESYD

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ACCREDITED ANALYSES OF STATE GENERAL LABORATORY

–LABORATORY (7)-

Hellenic Accreditation System SA

Annex to the Certificate No. 136

SCOPE of ACCREDITATION of the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology of the State General Laboratory of Cyprus

Tested materials/products Types of test/Properties Applied Standards/Techniques

Chemical tests

Water (fresh and salt water), Determination of the acute Microtox techniques: waste water and aqueous toxicity of aquatic samples extracts / leachates with the photobacterium 1. MTX – based on the microtox Vibrio fischeri using Microtox protocol

2. MTX/ISO – based on the EN ISO 11348-3:1999, part 3.

3. MTX/m – modification of MTX according to the ISO

Site of asseseement : Laboratory permanent premises, 44 Kimonos Str. Akropolis, 1451 Nicosia, Cyprus Approved signatories : S. Canna-Michaelidou, M. Christodoulidou, A.S. Nicolaou.

The Accreditation Certificate No. 136 (to ELOT EN ISO/IEC 17025) is valid until 17.12.2003.

It is noted that the ELOT EN ISO/IEC 17025 Standard has replaced the ELOT EN 45001 Standard and the ISO/IEC Guide 25.

Athens, 18 December 2003 C. Kagarakis Chairman of ESYD

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ACCREDITED ANALYSES OF STATE GENERAL LABORATORY

-LABORATORY (10)-

Hellenic Accreditation System S.A.

Annex to the Certificate No 250

SCOPE of ACCREDITATION F1/1 of the Environmental Chemistry (II) and Control of Effluents Laboratory of General Chemical Laboratory of the State of Cyprus

Tested Types of test/Properties Applied standards/Techniques materials/products

Chemical Testing

APHA* 5220: 20th edition, 1998 Treated wastewaters Determination of Chemical Oxygen and waters Demand (COD)

* American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”

Site of assessment : Permanent Laboratory premises, Kimonos 44, Akropoli, 1451 Nicosia, Cyprus Approved signatories : S. Kanna-Michaelidou, E. Demetriou – Georgiou, A. Katsonouri-Sazeidi

The Accreditation Certificate No 250 (to ELOT EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000) is valid until 8.3.2006

Athens, 9 Mαρτίου 2006 C. Kagarakis Chairman of ESYD

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ACCREDITED ANALYSES OF STATE GENERAL LABORATORY

-LABORATORY (15)-

Hellenic Accreditation System SA

Annex to the Certificate No. 86

SCOPE of ACCREDITATION F1/2 of the Water, Drug and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory of the State General Laboratory of Cyprus

Tested materials/products Types of test/Properties Applied Standards/Techniques

Microbiological tests

1. Water Enumeration of total coliforms APHA, method 9222:1998 (membrane filtration method)

Enumeration of Pseudononas ΕΝ 12780: 2002 aeruginosa (membrane filtration method)

Detection and enumeration of ISO 7899/2:2000 intestinal enterococci (membrane filtration method)

Enumeration of culturable EN ISO 6222:1999 microorganisms – Colony count by inoculation in a nutrient agar culture medium

Detection and enumeration of ISO 6461/2:1986 sulfite – reducing anaerobes (clostridia) (membrane filtration method)

Enumeration of coliform APHA, method 9223:1998 bacteria and Escherichia coli by a defined substrate most probable number technique

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2. Waters (drinkable, building Detection and enumeration of ISO 11731:1998 water supply, hydro-massage Legionellae system) SOP F7375/03-03 Food Safety Microbiology Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, UK

Site of asseseement : State General Laboratory Branch, 37 Kyriakou Matsi Avenue, Agioi Omologites 1082, Nicosia, Cyprus Approved signatories : G. Papageorgiou, N. Pissarides, Chr. Kourtis.

This scope of Accreditation replaces the previous one dated 9.3.2006 The Accreditation Certificate No. 86 (to ELOT EN ISO/IEC 17025:2000) is valid until 30.7.2006.

Athens, 24.5.2006

C. Kagarakis Chairman of ESYD

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ANALYSES UNDER ACCREDITATION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT

1) ION CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS : CL-,BR-F-, NO3-, NO2-, SO4-, PO4-.

2) INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA (ICP) SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: CΑ2+, MG2+, FE2+, MN2+, ZN2+, PB2+, AS, CD, CU2+, B.

3) FLAME IONIC DETECTOR FOR THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: NΑ+, K+.

4) CONDUCTIVITY METER FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF WATER CONDUCTIVITY

5) PH METER FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF WATER PH

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APPENDIX 12: WFD REQUIREMENTS

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INLAND SURFACE WATERS

Table 1. Selection of biological quality elements for rivers and lakes

Mandatory Selected Applicability Applicability Mandatory Quality Biologica (Europe) (Cyprus) Parameters Element l Lakes / (Annex (Annex Paramet Rivers Lakes Rivers reservoir V.1.2) V.1.2) er s/basins High. Abundance, Used for Low composition, presence draft Used for Invertebrate diversity, of Moderat classificati draft fauna (Benthic High presence of sensitive e on and for classificati Invertebrates) sensitive taxa the on of taxa intercalibr reservoirs. ation Abundance, High composition, presence (modera life cycle of te to low Fish structure, High Very low. Very low sensitive in presence of taxa reservoir sensitive s) taxa Abundance, Moderat presence Low composition, e (very of Never Phytobenthos presence of High low in Very low sensitive used in sensitive reservoir taxa Cyprus. taxa s) Low- moderate Very low Abundance, High (moderate for most presence Macrophytes composition, (very for the reservoirs. of Moderat (including presence of low in few Moderate- sensitive e macroalgae) sensitive reservoir continuou high for taxa taxa s) s flow brackish river lakes. bodies) Low- High. moderate. Abundance, Chlorophyl Chlorophyl composition, l-a Low- l-a bloom measurem Phytoplankton biomass moderat High measurem frequency/ ents used e ents used intensity, for draft for draft biomass classificati classificati on. on.

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Table 2. CEN standards for biological quality elements.

General EN 25667- Water quality - Sampling - Part 1: Guidance on the design 1:1993 of sampling programmes (ISO 5667-1:1980) EN 25667- Water quality - Sampling - Part 2: Guidance on sampling 2:1993 techniques (ISO 5667-2:1991) EN ISO 5667- Water quality . Sampling . Part 3: Guidance on the 3:2003 preservation and handling of samples EN ISO 5667- Water quality - Sampling - Part 16: Guidance on biotesting 16:1998 of samples EN 14996:2006 Water quality - Guidance on assuring the quality of biological and ecological assessments in the aquatic environment Benthic algae EN 13946:2003 Water quality - Guidance standard for the routine sampling and pretreatment of benthic diatoms from rivers EN 14407:2004 Water quality - Guidance standard for the identification, enumeration and interpretation of benthic diatom samples from running waters Macroinvertebrates EN 27828:1994 Water quality - Methods of biological sampling - Guidance on handnet sampling of aquatic benthic macro- invertebrates (ISO 7828:1985) EN 28265:1994 Water quality - Design and use of quantitative samplers for benthic macro-invertebrates on stony substrata in shallow freshwaters (ISO 8265:1988), under revision EN ISO Water quality - Sampling in deep waters for macro- 9391:1995 invertebrates - Guidance on the use of colonization, qualitative and quantitative samplers (ISO 9391:1993), under review EN ISO 8689- Water quality - Biological classification of rivers – Part 1: 1:2000 Guidance on the interpretation of biological quality data from surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates in running waters EN ISO 8689- Water quality - Biological classification of rivers - Part 2: 2:2000 Guidance on the presentation of biological quality data from surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates Macrophytes EN 14184:2003 Water quality - Guidance standard for the surveying of aquatic macrophytes in running waters Hydromorphology EN 14614:2004 Water quality – Guidace standard for assessing the hydromorlogical features of rivers

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Table 3.A: Minimum monitoring frequencies for hydromophological and physicochemical quality elements for surface waters.

Quality element Rivers Lakes Hydromorphological Continuity 6 years Hydrology Continuous 1 month Morphology 6 years 6 years Physico-chemical Thermal conditions 3 months 3 months Oxygenation 3 months 3 months Salinity 3 months 3 months Nutrients status 3 months 3 months Acidification status 3 months 3 months Other pollutants 3 months 3 months Priority substances 1 month 1 month

Table 3.B: Minimum monitoring frequencies for drinking water protected areas

Community served Monitoring frequency < 10000 4 per year 10000 – 30000 8 per year > 30000 12 per year

Table 3.C: Parameters indicative of the hydromoprhological quality elements, minimum monitoring frequency, means of measurements and respective established international standards

Parameters Quality Sampling Means of ISO/CEN indicative of elements frequency measurements standards QE Rivers Historical flows, Quantity and modelled Using in-situ In-situ, real dynamics of flows, real- flow gauging ISO/TC 113 time water flow time flow, stations current velocity Measurement Water table Connection to of height, groundwater 6 monthly groundwater N.A. surface water bodies height and discharge river flow Survey to Number and determine type of barrier location and River and 6 years type of N.A. continuity associated structures and provision for abstraction fish passage sites/volume Using River depth River cross observation and width 6 years N.A. section, flow and variation measurement

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or more detailed using laser survey equipment Cross section, Simple Structure and particle size, determination substrate of presence and 6 years following N.A. the river bed location of minimal CWD training Simple determination following Length, width, minimal species training. Structure of present, 6 years Collection and N.A. riparian zone continuity, laboratory ground cover identification of species may be required Lakes Inflow and outflow rates, Quantity and water level, Gauging ISO/TC 113, dynamics of Monthly mixing and stations CEN/TC 318 water flow circulation patterns Volume, Theoretical Residence depth, inflow 6 years residence time N.A. time and outflow evaluation Connection to the Lake surface, 6 years N.A. N.A. groundwater lake volume body Easy Lake depth evaluation Lake surface, variation 6 years following N.A. volume, depth (water level) minimal training Grain size, water content, Easy Quantity, density, LOI, evaluation structure and elemental 6 years following N.A. substrate of composition, minimal lake bed sedimentation training rates, sediment age Length, riparian vegetation Structure of cover, species 6 years N.A. N.A. lake shore present, bank features and composition

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Table 3.D: Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 for rivers - Comparison with exisitng monitoring networks

Monitoring requirements for the implementation of the Directive Existing monitoring network Compli ance with EC EU in Lower Target Draft terms limit of for Method of Parameter Frequency Direct ISO of applicati uncerta analysis ive on /CE Currently analyti on1 inty 2 EQS3 N monitored Method cal stan according already method dar to the EU accredite employ Reason for not ds Directives d ed complying #/year Primary physicochemical parameters 75/440, to be in situ using 77/795, to be 1 pH 50% 12 define submersible 78/659, defined d probe 91/676, YES 98/83 YES YES to be in situ using 75/440, to be 2 Temperature, oC 50% 12 define submersible 77/795, defined d probe YES 78/659 NO YES to be in situ using 75/440, to be 3 Conductivity 50% 12 define submersible 77/795, defined d probe YES 98/83 YES YES to be to be Winkler 75/440, 4 DO mg/l ή % 50% 12 defined define method or YES 77/795, NO YES

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d electrochem 78/659, ical method 98/83 to be Simple to be 5 Alkalinity, mg/l CaCO 50% 12 define laboratory 3 defined d analysis YES - NO YES Mineralizati on and distillation by Kjeldahl method to be to be followed by 6 TKN, mg/l N 50% 12 define defined ammonium d determinati on using spectrophot ometry or titration YES 75/440 NO YES 75/440, to be 77/795, to be Spectrophot 7 Nitrates, mgNO /l 50% 12 define 78/659, 3 defined ometry d 91/676, YES 98/83 YES YES to be 78/659, to be Spectrophot 8 Nitrites, mgNO /l 50% 12 define 91/676, 2 defined ometry d YES 98/83 NO YES to be 75/440, to be Spectophot 9 NH N, mg/l NH 50% 12 define 77/795, 4 4 defined ometry d YES 78/659 NO YES to be YES to be Spectophot 10 Total P, mg/l P 50% 12 define 77/795, defined ometry d 78/659 NO YES to be to be Spectophot YES 11 Phosphates, P O 50% 12 2 5 defined define ometry 75/440 NO YES

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d

Priority substances

Gas YES chromatogr 1 Alachlor, µg/l 0.09 50% 12 0.3 aphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Liquid YES chromatogr 2 Anthracene, , µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.1 aphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Gas YES chromatogr 3 Atrazine, µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.1 aphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Gas chromatogr 4 Benzene 0.50 50% 12 1.7 aphy with purge and trap YES 98/83 NO YES Gas Brominated diphenylether 0.000 5 0.00015 50% 12 chromatogr METHOD NOT (penta BDE) 5 aphy YES - NO NO DEVELOPED YES Not sufficient lower Cadmium and its 75/440, quantity limit of the 6 0.06 50% 12 0.2 AAS compound, µg/l 98/83, PARTIAL analytical method 76/464 YES LY applied Gas or liquid C10-13 chloroalkanes, 7 0.13 50% 12 0.40 chromatogr µg/l aphy after METHOD NOT extraction NO - NO NO DEVELOPED

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Gas chromatogr 8 Chlorfenvinphos, µg/l 0.02 50% 12 0.06 aphy after 75/440, METHOD NOT extraction YES 98/83 NO NO DEVELOPED Gas Not sufficient lower chromatogr quantity limit of the 9 Chlorpyrifos, µg/l 0.01 50% 12 0.03 aphy after 75/440, PARTIAL analytical method extraction YES 98/83 YES LY applied Gas chromatogr 10 1,2 Dichloroethane, µg/l 1 50% 12 3 aphy with purge and 76/464, trap YES 98/83 NO YES Gas or liquid 11 Diuron, µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.1 chromatogr aphy after 75/440, METHOD extraction YES 98/83 N0 YES DEVELOPED Gas or liquid 12 Endosulfan, µg/l 0.0015 50% 12 0.005 chromatogr aphy after 75/440, extraction YES 98/83 NO YES Liquid chromatogr 13 Fluoroanthene, µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.09 aphy after 75/440, extraction YES 98/83 YES YES Gas Hexachlorocyclohexane, 14 0.006 50% 12 0.02 chromatogr µg/l aphy YES 76/464 NO YES Gas or 15 Isoproturon, µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.1 liquid 75/440, chromatogr YES 98/83 NO YES

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aphy after extraction YES Not sufficient lower Lead and its compounds, quantity limit of the 16 0.13 50% 12 0.4 AAS µg/l 75/440, PARTIAL analytical method 98/83 YES LY applied YES Not sufficient lower Mercury and its 75/440, quantity limit of the 17 0.02 50% 12 0.07 AAS compounds, µg/l 98/83, PARTIAL analytical method 76/464 YES LY applied YES Not sufficient lower Nickel and its quantity limit of the 18 0.6 50% 12 1.7 AAS compounds, µg/l 75/440, PARTIAL analytical method 98/83 YES LY applied Liquid YES chromatogr 19 Naphthalene, µg/l 0.72 50% 12 2.4 aphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Gas YES chromatogr 20 Nonlyphenols, µg/l 0.1 50% 12 0.3 aphy after METHOD UNDER extraction NO NO DEVELOPED Gas YES chromatogr 21 Octylphenol, µg/l 0.02 50% 12 0.06 aphy after METHOD UNDER extraction NO NO DEVELOPED Gas YES chromatogr 22 Pentachlorophenol, µg/l 0.065 50% 12 0.2 aphy after METHOD NOT extraction 76/464 NO NO DEVELOPED Liquid YES 23 PAH, µg/l 0.005 50% 12 0.2 chromatogr 75/440, aphy after 98/83 YES YES

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extraction Liquid YES chromatogr 24 Simazine, µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.1 aphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Gas YES chromatogr 25 Trichlorobenzenes, µg/l 0.13 50% 12 0.4 aphy with purge and 75/440, trap 98/83 NO YES YES Not sufficient lower Gas quantity limit of the 26 Trichloromethane, µg/l 4 50% 12 12 chromatogr PARTIAL analytical method aphy 98/83 YES LY applied Gas YES chromatogr 27 Trifluralin, µg/l 0.01 50% 12 0.03 aphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES

1 lower limit of application: the lower limit of application refers to the lowest concentration for which a method has been validated 2 expanded uncertainty refers to the interval about a result of a measurement that is expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of the measured values 3 according to the the Draft EU Directive on environmental quality standards and emission controls in the field of water policy and amending Directive 2000/60/EC and 96/61/EC

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Table 3.E: Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 for lakes - Comparison with exisitng monitoring networks

Monitoring requirements for the implementation of the Directive Existing monitoring network Compli ance with EC in Targ Lower terms et for EU Draft Method limit of Freque Currently of Parameter unce Directive of applicatio ncy monitore analyti rtaint on EQS3 analysis n1 d cal y 2 ISO/CE according metho N to the EU Method d standar Directive already emplo Reason for not ds s accredited yed complying #/yea

r Primary physicochemi

cal parameters fitering through a 0.45 µm or to be to be 1 TSS mg/l 50% 12 centrifugin defined defined g and drying at 105oC 75/440, drying NO 78/659 NO YES

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Not included in current Transparency, to be to be sechi dsk 2 50% 12 monitoring m defined defined on site NO - NO NO programmes In situ or in the lab to be to be 3 Color mgPt/l 50% 12 using the defined defined Pt-Co 75/440, scale NO 98/83 NO YES in situ to be to be using 4 Turbidity, NTU 50% 12 defined defined turbidimet er NO 98/83 NO YES 75/440, in situ 77/795, to be to be using 5 pH 50% 12 78/659, defined defined submersibl 91/676, e probe YES 98/83 YES YES in situ Temperature, to be to be using 75/440, 6 50% 12 oC defined defined submersibl 77/795, e probe YES 78/659 NO YES in situ to be to be using 75/440, 7 Conductivity 50% 12 defined defined submersibl 77/795, e probe YES 98/83 YES YES Winkler method or 75/440, to be to be 8 DO mg/l ή % 50% 12 electroche 77/795, defined defined mical 78/659, method YES 98/83 NO YES Simple Alkalinity, mg/l to be to be 9 50% 12 laboratory CaCO defined defined 3 analysis YES - NO YES

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Potassium to be to be 10 COD, mg/l 50% 12 Dichromat 75/440, defined defined e method YES 77/795 YES YES Determina tion of DO before and after 5 to be to be days 11 BOD mgO /l 50% 12 2 defined defined incubation at 20oC without 75/440, nitrificatio 77/795, n YES 78/659 N0 YES Mineralizat ion and distillation by Kjeldahl method followed to be to be 12 TKN, mg/l N 50% 12 by defined defined ammoniu m determinat ion using spectropho tometry or titration YES 75/440 NO YES 75/440, 77/795, Nitrates, to be to be Spectroph 13 50% 12 78/659, mgNO /l defined defined otometry 3 91/676, YES 98/83 YES YES

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78/659, Nitrites, to be to be Spectroph 14 50% 12 91/676, mgNO /l defined defined otometry 2 YES 98/83 NO YES 75/440, NH N, mg/l to be to be Spectopho 15 4 50% 12 77/795, NH defined defined tometry 4 YES 78/659 NO YES to be to be Spectopho YES 77/795, 16 Total P, mg/l P 50% 12 defined defined tometry 78/659 NO YES Phosphates, to be to be Spectopho YES 17 50% 12 P2O5 defined defined tometry 75/440 NO YES Priority

substances Gas YES chromatog 1 Alachlor, µg/l 0.09 50% 12 0.3 raphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Liquid YES chromatog Anthracene, , 2 0.03 50% 12 0.1 raphy µg/l after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Gas YES chromatog 3 Atrazine, µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.1 raphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Gas chromatog 4 Benzene 0.50 50% 12 1.7 raphy with purge and trap YES 98/83 NO YES

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Brominated Gas 5 diphenylether 0.00015 50% 12 0.0005 chromatog METHOD NOT (penta BDE) raphy YES - NO NO DEVELOPED YES Not sufficient lower Cadmium and 75/440, quantity limit of the 6 its compound, 0.06 50% 12 0.2 AAS 98/83, PARTIA analytical method µg/l 76/464 YES LLY applied Gas or liquid C10-13 chromatog 7 chloroalkanes, 0.13 50% 12 0.40 raphy µg/l after METHOD NOT extraction NO - NO NO DEVELOPED Gas chromatog Chlorfenvinpho 8 0.02 50% 12 0.06 raphy s, µg/l after 75/440, METHOD NOT extraction YES 98/83 NO NO DEVELOPED Gas chromatog Not sufficient lower Chlorpyrifos, 9 0.01 50% 12 0.03 raphy quantity limit of the µg/l after 75/440, PARTIA analytical method extraction YES 98/83 YES LLY applied Gas 1,2 chromatog 10 Dichloroethane 1 50% 12 3 raphy with , µg/l purge and 76/464, trap YES 98/83 NO YES Gas or liquid 11 Diuron, µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.1 chromatog raphy 75/440, METHOD NOT after YES 98/83 N0 N0 DEVELOPED

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extraction Gas or liquid Endosulfan, chromatog 12 0.0015 50% 12 0.005 µg/l raphy after 75/440, extraction YES 98/83 NO YES Liquid chromatog Fluoroanthene, 13 0.03 50% 12 0.09 raphy µg/l after 75/440, extraction YES 98/83 YES YES Gas Hexachlorocycl 14 0.006 50% 12 0.02 chromatog ohexane, µg/l raphy YES 76/464 NO YES Gas or liquid Isoproturon, chromatog 15 0.03 50% 12 0.1 µg/l raphy after 75/440, extraction YES 98/83 NO YES YES Not sufficient lower Lead and its quantity limit of the 16 compounds, 0.13 50% 12 0.4 AAS 75/440, PARTIA analytical method µg/l 98/83 YES LLY applied YES Not sufficient lower Mercury and its 75/440, quantity limit of the 17 compounds, 0.02 50% 12 0.07 AAS 98/83, PARTIA analytical method µg/l 76/464 YES LLY applied YES Not sufficient lower Nickel and its quantity limit of the 18 compounds, 0.6 50% 12 1.7 AAS 75/440, PARTIA analytical method µg/l 98/83 YES LLY applied

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Liquid YES chromatog Naphthalene, 19 0.72 50% 12 2.4 raphy µg/l after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Gas YES chromatog Nonlyphenols, 20 0.1 50% 12 0.3 raphy µg/l after METHOD NOT extraction NO NO DEVELOPED Gas YES chromatog Octylphenol, 21 0.02 50% 12 0.06 raphy µg/l after METHOD NOT extraction NO NO DEVELOPED Gas YES chromatog Pentachlorophe 22 0.065 50% 12 0.2 raphy nol, µg/l after METHOD NOT extraction 76/464 NO NO DEVELOPED Liquid YES chromatog 23 PAH, µg/l 0.005 50% 12 0.2 raphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Liquid YES chromatog 24 Simazine, µg/l 0.03 50% 12 0.1 raphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES Gas YES Trichlorobenze 25 0.13 50% 12 0.4 chromatog 75/440, nes, µg/l raphy with 98/83 NO YES

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purge and trap YES Not sufficient lower Gas Trichlorometha quantity limit of the 26 4 50% 12 12 chromatog ne, µg/l PARTIA analytical method raphy 98/83 YES LLY applied Gas YES chromatog 27 Trifluralin, µg/l 0.01 50% 12 0.03 raphy after 75/440, extraction 98/83 YES YES

1 lower limit of application: the lower limit of application refers to the lowest concentration for which a method has been validated 2 expanded uncertainty refers to the interval about a result of a measurement that is expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of the measured values 3 according to the the Draft EU Directive on environmental quality standards and emission controls in the field of water policy and amending Directive 2000/60/EC and 96/61/EC

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COASTAL WATERS

The ecological status in coastal waters can be classified by using four (4) quality elements (Table 4). The chemical status is to be determined by environmental quality standards for hazardous substances, called priority or other substances (Table 4).

Table 4: List and measured frequency of relevant WFD quality elements of the Cyprus costal waters. WFD minimum requirements for surveillance and operational monitoring are also indicated. xxx indicates quality elements used in the existing monitoring projects.

Quality element Cyprus Monitoring/frequency WFD frequency Biological Phytoplankton (1) xxx/2-3 times per year 6 months Macro-algae (2) 3 years Angiosperms (3) 3 years Benthic invertabrate fauna (4) xxx/1 time per year 3 years Hydromorphological Morphological conditions (5) 6 years Tidal regime (6) 6 years Physio-chemical Transparency (7) Thermal conditions (8) 3 months Oxygenation conditions (9) 3 months Salinity (10) Acidification status (11) Nutrient conditions (12) xxx/2-3 times per year 3 months Specific pollutants Priority substances (13) xxx/1 time per year 1 month Other substances (14) 3 months

Although WFD does not mandate any particular monitoring methods, some general prerequisites in accordance to Article 8 can be summarized:

• Member States will have to ensure that enough individual water bodies, not all, of each water body type are monitored. • Member States have to determine how many stations are required to be monitored in each water body. • The process of selecting water bodies and monitoring stations should entail statistical assessment techniques, and should ensure that the overview of water status has an acceptable level of confidence and precision. • Temporal and spatial variability of quality elements and the parameters indicative of the quality elements should be considered in the monitoring. • In the absence of detailed specifications or set of standards, certain pressures many include specific needs for ecological status assessment and the choice of parameters may need adjustment according to type and also to prevailing monitoring systems.

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Table 5 Overview of typology, pressures, protected areas, assessment and existing monitoring projects in Cyprus coastal waters. Numbers corresponds to quality elements of Table 4.

Typology Cyprus WB types Hard intermediate moderately exposed Sand gravel intermediate moderately exposed Hard shallow moderately exposed Cyprus Water bodies 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 11 27 3 4 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Pressures City x x x x x Coastal industries x Port xxxx x Marina xx Aquaculture hatchery x x x Aquaculture cages xx x Protected areas Nitrate & urban sensitive x xxxx x x?x x x x x x Natura 2000 x x xxxx Turtle conservation x Assessment Heavily modified x x x x x x x Cyprus WB at risk x CWB further assessment xx x Compliance Monitoring Open Aquaculture (MedPol III Convention) 1,4,12 1,4,12 Bathing water Directive ??? Dangerous substances Directive 12,13 12,13 12,13 National Monitoring Hatcheries & shrimp aquaculture 1,12 1,12 1,12 Nitrates Directive 1,12 1,12 1,12 1,12

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• The proposed selection of recommended quality elements and parameters is intended as a guide only. Member States should use their own discretion based on local knowledge and expertise as to what specific sub-element or parameter will provide the best representation of pressures for each quality element. • Three basic types of monitoring of surface waters are referred to in the WFD that are responsible for gathering data of water status, without taking under consideration direct measurements of emissions and discharges into water. • Surveillance monitoring aims at assessing long term changes in natural conditions resulting from human activity. • Operational monitoring is being carried out as an additional measure for water bodies that are at risk of fail to the Directives’s environmental objective. • Investigative monitoring is to be carried out only in individual cases e.g. to determine the causes of failure where the environmental standards are not met due to unknown reasons.

To prevent and reduce water pollution in Cyprus coastal waters the water regulations of three (3) Directives (Directive 91/676/EEC, Directive 76/160/EEC, Directive 76/464/EEC) and the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols (Monitoring Program within the framework of MED-POL / UNEP Phase III) were applied in the past.

Tables 4, 5 show the quality elements of WFD and the frequency that was monitored for the implementation of the above mentioned Directives and Convention. Additionally, the Table 5 combines existing pressures and monitoring activities with the suggested water bodies in Cyprus coastal waters. By analyzing the results presented in the above mentioned tables following points can be underlined. It should be very clear that all the bellow cited ideas for the future monitoring activities are provisional and will be fixed in the Activity Scheme 2 technical report.

Monitoring projects were implemented in almost all sites where specific pressures exist. There is not a monitoring project in the coastal waters of Cyprus regarding pristine sites, between them also sites that could be included in the Natura 2000 network or turtle conservation sites, which could also be used as reference conditions in the WFD surveillance and operational monitoring projects.

Only a few WFD quality elements are monitored at the moment in the Cyprus coastal waters, with more common dissolved the dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll-α. Both quality elements are monitored in all three coastal water types, e.g. hard intermediate moderately exposed (CY-C1), sand gravel intermediate moderately exposed (CY-C2), hard shallow moderately exposed (CY- C3), where relevant pressures exist. In the future monitoring has probably to be further extended also in the water bodies (6C1, 3C2, 4C2, 10C2, 12C2, 18C2, 19C2, and 21C2) or representatives of them, where are close to coastal areas recently characterized as “nitrate vulnerable zones”. Measured frequency of nutrients and chlorophyll-α is very close to that was suggested as minimum from the WFD. Dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll-α, although very variable in space and time, they are internationally used as indicative of the trophic status of aquatic ecosystems, and could be further monitored in the Cyprus coastal waters.

Benthic invertebrate fauna was monitored in the Limassol Bay, water body type C-C2, water bodies No 13, 16, where open aquaculture activities are present once

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 12 during 2001 and twice during 2004. This sampling frequency is higher than of that suggested as minimum frequency from the WFD. This quality element is indicative of many types of anthropogenic stress, i.e. eutrophication, organic pollution, mechanical disturbance, physical modification of seabed, sediments dynamics and fishing and could be also monitored in the future also in the coastal water type CY-C1.

Although priority substances were measured in all possible sites discharged in the aquatic environment that happen only once during 2005. The minimum suggested monitoring frequency by WFD is once a month. Future suggestions for monitoring of dangerous substances will be included in the Activity Scheme 2 technical report taking into account local knowledge and expertise as well as representation of local pressures.

Posidonia oceanica, is an endemic to the Mediterranean angiosperm, evaluated by the Directive 92/43/EEC as a priority habitat, was recently documented to be very sensitive to pollution caused by open sea aquaculture. Other types of anthropogenic stress that Posidonia responds are nutrient loading, fishing, modification of shore and bed structure suspended matter input. This result indicates that Posidonia should also be monitored in the future in sites with open sea aquaculture activities as well as in sites designed for conservation.

Macroalgae form highly diversified communities that dominate in the hard shallow coastal substrates with the tree-like Cystoseira meadows being more characteristic. They respond directly to human pressures indicating nutrient and ecological status of the aquatic environment. Under certain hydrological and nutrient conditions they can form extensive blooms causing serious problems to tourist industry and to aquatic environment in general, a case also known from Cyprus coastal waters during last decade. Other types of anthropogenic stress that macroalgae responds are fishing, modification of shore and bed structure suspended matter input. This result indicates that macroalgal communities should also be monitored in the future in sites where hard substrate dominates in coastal waters, e.g. CY-C1.

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APPENDIX 13: ROAD – MAPS OF ACTIVITY SCHEMES

A: Development of monitoring programme (Activity Scheme 2)

B: Development of the integrated databases (Activity Scheme 3)

C: Implementation of monitoring programme (Activity Scheme 4)

D: Capacity building and training programmes (Activity Scheme 5)

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ACTIVITY SCHEME 2 ROAD MAP

ACTIVITY SCHEME 2: Development of Monitoring programmes and preparation of Action Plans

LEAD ACTION: ENVECO S.A

SCHEME LEADER: Dr George Kotzageorgis (Enveco S.A.)

DURATION: April 2006 – December 2006

A. Introduction Activity Scheme 2 focuses on the design of the “new” WFD monitoring programme, which has to be operational until the end of 2006. The Scheme includes a number of activities, which incorporate the results and conclusions of Activity Scheme 1 as well as the results of previous projects, such as the implementation of WFD articles 5 and 6 in Cyprus, to the new monitoring framework. The new monitoring programme will be developed taking into account institutional, technical and financial aspects and its aim is to provide a tailor made solution to the three beneficiary agencies that on one hand would satisfy the needs of WFD and on the other hand would be feasible to implement. Activity Scheme 2 comprises 6 main activities, 5 of which require action by the Consultant and one by the Client. These are the following: ¾ Activity 2.1 – Data needs assessment ¾ Activity 2.2 – Identification of options for monitoring programmes ¾ Activity 2.3 – Selection of option (to be further elaborated) ¾ Activity 2.4 – Elaboration of a monitoring programme ¾ Activity 2.5 – Cooperation Protocols to be prepared for Beneficiary Agencies ¾ Activity 2.6 – National Explanatory Workshop The different work items of the scheme require the formation of a multidisciplinary team of experts in order to safeguard a coherent and holistic approach to the task of developing the “new” monitoring programme. The experts of the Consortium involved in the scheme and their role in it are presented in table 1. It should be noted that during activity 2.4 experts in rivers biomonitoring (macroinvertebrate indices) from the University of Patras (resp. Professor Iliopoulou) will assist in the in situ identification of the exact location of sampling sites. This could be an on the job training opportunity. In the same table information about their anticipated presence in Cyprus up to 15/9/2006 is given. In the next part of the Activity Scheme 2 Road Map an analysis of the work plan is provided incorporating the initial approach as presented in the Technical Proposal of the Consortium’s offer and the lessons learnt during the Inception Period.

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Table 1: Experts involved in Activity Scheme 2

Name Consortium Role in Activity Scheme 2 Total partner Presence in days in expertise Cyprus* Cyprus* code George Enveco Activity Scheme 2 coordinator, 18-20/4/06 Kotzageorgis Summary Report input 8-12/5/06 21-22/6/06 19 11-14/7/06 18-22/9/06 B/EE +2 weeks Fivi Vagianou Enveco Activity Scheme 2 assistant 18-20/4/06 coordinator 8-17/5/06 4-16/6/06 40 11-19/7/06 18-22/9/06 B +2 weeks Iacovos I.A.CO Item 2.1 coordinator, Iacovides Groundwater monitoring, Permanently in Institutional aspects, cooperation Cyprus protocols for Beneficiaries, HG Summary Report input Ayis Iacovides I.A.CO Groundwater monitoring, Permanently in Institutional aspects, cooperation Cyprus CE protocols for Beneficiaries Panikos Nikolaides Groundwater monitoring, Nikolaides cooperation protocols for Permanently in

Beneficiaries, Summary Report Cyprus EE input George Kirkos Nikolaides Groundwater monitoring, Permanently in cooperation protocols for Cyprus EE Beneficiaries Christina Enveco Support Technical aspects of 4-16/6/06 Giannakidou monitoring, rivers, lakes, coastal 16-19/7/06 17 CHE waters +2 weeks Pinelopi Enveco Biological QE, rivers, lakes, 4-16/6/06 Delipetrou intercalibration, sampling site 31/7-11/8/06 30 selection 18-22/9/06 B +2 weeks Sotiris Enveco Coastal waters all QE, 21-23/6/06 Orfanides intercalibration, water bodies 15-19/7/06 8 MB grouping, sampling site selection +2 days Andreas Enveco Physicochemical- 6-9/6/06 Andreadakis hydromorphological QE, rivers, 31/7-11/8/06 lakes, pressures assessment, 21 18-22/9/06 water bodies grouping, sampling +1 week CE/H site selection Evina Enveco Physicochemical- 6-9/6/06 Gavalaki hydromorphological QE, rivers, 31/7-11/8/06 21 lakes, pressures assessment 18-22/9/06 CE/EE +1 week Kostas Enveco Rivers, lakes, data process and 14-16/6/06 Noutsopoulos handling 11-14/7/06 7 EE +1 week

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Name Consortium Role in Activity Scheme 2 Total partner Presence in days in expertise Cyprus* Cyprus* code George Enveco Laboratories, sampling, protocols Nikitopoulos 7-9/6/06 3 C Danos Mamais Enveco Laboratories sampling, protocols 15-16/6/06 2 EE Prof.Iliopoulou Enveco Assist in in-situ identification of 1 week 5 B sampling locations Thomas Ecologic General WFD requirements, Dworak financial aspects of monitoring, cooperation protocols for 18-22/9/06 5 Beneficiaries, Summary Report AE input Fleischmann Ecologic General WFD requirements, 12-14/7/06 financial aspects of monitoring, 18-22/9/06 8 cooperation protocols for + 1 week EE Beneficiaries Dimitris Argyropoulos Summary Report input Argyropoulos EE/D Pascal Boderie WL | Delft Databases development, Hydraulics identification of required outputs, 18-22/9/06 AE/D Summary Report Kees Bons WL | Delft Project Leader, coordinator of 18-22/9/06 H Hydraulics Summary Report KeyExpert names are indicated in Italics

Note: During activity 2.4 (late October-early November 2006) experts in rivers biomonitoring (macroinvertebrate indices) from the University of Patras (resp. Professor Iliopoulou) will assist in the in situ identification of the exact location of sampling sites

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B. Work Plan analysis

Activity 2.1 – Data needs assessment In activity scheme 1, the existing monitoring data of all three coordinating agencies have been examined in terms of quality and quantity and aggregation level. Activity 2.1, originally planned to start after the completion of Scheme 1, was carried out in the same period in order to accommodate the needs for speedier progress of the project as expressed by the Client. The results of the activity are included in the Framework Conditions Report, which is delivered concurrently with the Inception Report. Therefore no further analysis is given on the specific activity. It has to be mentioned, though, that during the inception period the main issues that came up concerning the specific activity are the following: - The institutional complexity of the current water monitoring services would probably require some action for rearrangement of tasks and duties in the future. - The recent accession of Cyprus in the EU led to the development and implementation of monitoring programmes required by different Directives in a rather short period, without giving enough time for institutional and technical adjustment. It is important to stress, though, that the work carried out, initiated earlier than required on many occasions, is impressive and shows the commitment to achieve the aquis communautaire as soon as possible. - The special hydrological conditions in Cyprus have led to the development of an extensive monitoring network targeted mainly in quantitative aspects of water resources. This approach has to be enhanced with additional qualitative monitoring (especially for biological quality elements) in order to adapt to WFD requirements.

Activity 2.2 – Identification of options for monitoring programmes The aim of this activity is to produce an outline and realistic assessment of the technical, institutional and financial implications of two main possible options for monitoring programmes. The options will range from a programme designed according to the minimum requirements of the WFD to a monitoring approach that is more pro-active and oriented to the establishment of the programmes of measures in the River Basin Management Plans. In any case, future water management requirements will be taken into account. The activity will identify and describe two alternative monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational and investigative): 1) one incorporating the minimum WFD requirements and 2) one adopting a more proactive approach for all surface (rivers, lakes, coastal waters) and ground waters . The two options will include proposals for the following parameters: - Number and provisional location (broad area of water body level, no exact coordinates) of the sampling sites - Sampling parameters (quality elements - QEs) - Frequency of sampling - Sampling and measurement (analysis) methods - Initial assessment of the resources required for the implementation of the project regarding to: o Institutional aspects (personnel, qualifications) o Technical aspects (equipment) o Financial aspects (rough cost estimation) The results and conclusions of Activity Scheme 1 will be taken into account in the process of developing the two alternative scenarios of monitoring programmes. Monitoring stations will not be needed in each and every water body. In fact, various factors affect the design, the monitoring stations, the parameters and the sampling frequency of a monitoring

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programme. These factors were described in the Technical Proposal and an overview was presented during the National Explanatory Workshop (Activity 1.1). The activity is divided in the following items: - Review of data and reports from the WFD-Articles 5 and 6 project in Cyprus and collection of additional data concerning pressures and impacts - Review of data and reports from the 3 intercalibration projects (rivers, lakes, coastal waters) - Visit of intercalibration sampling sites - Visit of operating sampling sites for rivers and lakes - Re-assessment of pressures and impacts and previous project’ s characterisation of water bodies (risk status) - Assessment of special monitoring needs for protected areas - Grouping of water bodies for monitoring purposes, according to their type, condition and risk status - Assessment of the possibility of adapting the existing water monitoring programmes in the new alternatives - Identification of surveillance and operational monitoring programmes sites, parameters and frequencies - Technical, institutional and financial assessment of alternative monitoring programmes - Blueprint monitoring programmes (2 options). - Drafting the report on activity item 2.2 The first 4 activity items have been completed during the inception period and the whole is expected to conclude by the end of August 2006. The output of this activity will be a clear report with the results of the above assessment. The results will also be presented to the Project Steering Committee in order to be approved and to select one of the approved options (activity 2.3) for a monitoring programme to be elaborated in more detail (activity 2.4). It is anticipated that provisional results of activity 2.2 will be presented during the National Explanatory Workshop for Activity Scheme 1 (early September 2006).

Activity 2.3 – Selection of option (to be further elaborated) The Steering Committee will examine the two proposed monitoring options under activity 2.2 and will decide upon the one which be further elaborated in activity 2.4.. Activity 2.3 is proposed to conclude by the end of September (early October at the latest) in order to give enough time for the detailed elaboration of the selected option. The Consultant will be readily available during this period should any further information or explanation be required. Due to the complexity of the institutional framework of the services currently involved in monitoring it would be useful to arrange a universal mode of exchanging views and communicating in order to avoid possible contradictory opinions from different parties.

Activity 2.4 – Elaboration of a monitoring programme The main objective of this activity is the preparation of a detailed monitoring programme in order to enable the classification of all surface water bodies into one of five quality classes and groundwater bodies into one of two quality classes. One final WFD monitoring programme (surveillance, operational and -where applicable- investigative) for rivers, lakes, coastal waters and groundwater will be prepared. All institutional, technical and financial aspects will be detailed.

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The monitoring programme will specify the number and the location of monitoring sites, the frequency of data collection, the sampling procedures (including transportation), the sampling parameters, as well as methods of analysis and evaluation. Technical (laboratory and sampling equipment) and institutional (number and qualifications of required personnel) requirements will also be elaborated. The activity is divided in the following items: - Review and assessment of the comments and recommendations made on the activity 2.2 report by the Client - Cooperation with the Beneficiary Agencies for the finalization of the details of the programme - Visit of all sampling areas and delimitation of exact sampling sites (record coordinates), taking into account all QEs - Elaboration of final technical and institutional proposals and financial assessment of the programme - Preparation of ACTION PLAN (report) with clearly identified tasks, responsibilities and timetables The activity is expected to conclude by mid December 2006 and the draft Action Plan report is expected to be delivered by 15/12/2006. The results will be presented in the National Explanatory Workshop for Activity Scheme 2 (January 2007) and will provide the basic information for the Summary Report to be delivered by mid January 2007. The finalization of the Action Plan will identify the steps for the implementation of the monitoring programmes on behalf of the Beneficiaries (Activity Scheme 4).

Activity 2.5 – Cooperation Protocols to be prepared for Beneficiary Agencies According to the results of activities 1.2 - Institutional constraints and 1.3 - Technical constraints, as presented in the Framework Conditions Report, and the needs and specifications of the elaborated monitoring programmes, Special Cooperation Protocols will be prepared for the Beneficiary Agencies. The aim of these protocols will be to establish effective collaboration between the departments. They will set out the principles of collaboration for issues of technical and statutory nature. Existing protocols have already been provided by the Beneficiary Agencies and will form the basis for the new ones. The activity is proposed to coincide with activity 2.4 in order to build upon monitoring responsibilities that have the prior consent of the Client. Throughout the execution period there will be close cooperation with the Beneficiary Agencies in order to avoid late delays. It is intended to have them ready for approval and signing by the end of December 2006.

Activity 2.6 – National Explanatory Workshop The results of activity scheme 2 will be presented in a one-day workshop for all the stakeholders. This workshop will be organized in close collaboration with the three beneficiary agencies during January 2007 and as foreseen in the project’ s contract will be evaluated by all participants.

C. Planning of Activity Scheme and Deliverables The proposed time schedule for the different activity items included in Activity Scheme 2 and the relevant deliverables is presented in table 2.

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It is considered quite tight as for time allocation and work that is required. The speedy reaction of the Client in possible requests will be appreciated. The experience from the Inception Period in this domain is very positive and the role of the Project Manager in that was influential.

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Table 2: Description and planning of activity items

Description of Activity Item Deliverables No Time schedule Responsible/ Assistance / Dates Data needs assessment 2.1 April-June 2006 IACO-Nikolaides / ENVECO + Ecologic Analysis of the data requirements as described in Article 8 and Annex V of the Water Framework Directive 2.1.1 April-June 2006 (WFD) for all surface (rivers, lakes, coastal waters) and ground waters 2.1.2 Data collection on water monitoring programmes currently operating in Cyprus April-June 2006 Framework Conditions Comparison of the existing monitoring data in Cyprus and the monitoring data requirements of the WFD 2.1.3 June 2006 Report / 17- and identification of existing deficiencies for all surface (rivers, lakes, coastal waters) and ground waters 7-06 2.1.4 Preparation of a list with the existing deficiencies of the 3 co-operating agencies June 2006 2.1.5 Drafting input for Framework Conditions Report June-July 2006 Identification of options for monitoring programmes ENVECO / IACO-Nikolaides + Ecologic Identification of at least two alternative monitoring programmes both for surveillance and operational monitoring 1) with the minimum WFD requirements and 2) a more proactive – maximal approach for all surface (rivers, lakes, coastal waters) and ground waters . The two options include proposals for the following parameters: 2.2 - Number and provisional location (no exact coordinates) of the sampling sites April – August 2006 - Sampling parameters (quality elements - QEs) - Frequency of sampling - Sampling and measurement (analysis) methods - Initial assessment of the resources required for the implementation of the project regarding to: o Institutional aspects (personnel, qualifications) o Technical aspects (equipment) o Financial aspects (rough cost estimation) Review of data and reports from the WFD-Articles 5 and 6 project in Cyprus and collection of additional 1. Report on 2.2.1 April - June 2006 data concerning pressures and impacts activity 2.2 / 31-8-06 2.2.2 Review of data and reports from the 3 intercalibration projects (rivers, lakes, coastal waters) April - May 2006 2. Presentatio 2.2.3 Visit of intercalibration sampling sites June 2006 n of results

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Description of Activity Item Deliverables No Time schedule Responsible/ Assistance / Dates 2.2.4 Visit of operating sampling sites for rivers and lakes June 2006 of activity 2.2 to BAs Re-assessment of pressures and impacts and previous project’ s characterisation of water bodies (risk 2.2.5 June – July 2006 3. Presentatio status) n of results 2.2.6 Assessment of special monitoring needs for protected areas June - July 2006 of activity 2.2 to the 2.2.7 Grouping of water bodies for monitoring purposes, according to their type, condition and risk status June - July 2006 Project Assessment of the possibility of adapting the existing water monitoring programmes in the new Steering 2.2.8 July 2006 alternatives Committee (if needed) 2.2.9 Technical, institutional and financial assessment of alternative monitoring programmes July – August 2006 Items 2 & 3 2.2.10 Blueprint monitoring programmes (2 options). July - August 2006 could be combined 2.2.11 Drafting the report on activity item 2.2 August 2006 2.2.12 Presentation of results of activity 2.2 to BAs (and PWG) – Clarifications, exchange of views as necessary. Sept. 2006 Presentation of results of activity 2.2 to the Project Steering Committee 2.2.13 (This activity item could be combined with activity item 2.2.12. Both items could take place during the 3rd Sept. 2006 week of September, when the National Explanatory Workshop for Activity Scheme 1 is also scheduled.)

Selection of option to be further elaborated 2.3 1/9 – 7/10/06 Project Steering Committee Elaboration of the final monitoring programme ENVECO / All parties 2.4 Preparation of one final WFD monitoring programme (surveillance, operational and -where applicable- October-December 2006 investigative) for rivers, lakes, coastal waters and groundwater. All institutional, technical and financial aspects will be detailed. Review and assessment of the comments and recommendations made on the activity 2.2 report by the 2.4.1 October 2006 Client ACTION PLAN October - November report / 15- 2.4.2 Cooperation with the Beneficiary Agencies for the finalization of the details of the programme 2006 12-2006 Visit of all sampling areas and delimitation of exact sampling sites (record coordinates), taking into 2.4.3 November 2006 account all Qes Activity

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Description of Activity Item Deliverables No Time schedule Responsible/ Assistance / Dates 2.4.4 Elaboration of final institutional proposals and financial assessment of the programme November 2006 Scheme 2 National November December 2.4.5 Preparation of ACTION PLAN (report) with clearly identified tasks, responsibilities and timetables Explanatory 2006 Workshop / March 2007 Presentation of results of Activity Scheme 2 during the National Explanatory Workshop for 2.6 March 2007 (to be Activity Scheme 2 arranged) Co-operation protocols for Preparation of Co-operation protocols for the Beneficiary Agencies October Dec. 2006 the 2.5 IACO-Nikolaides / Ecologic Beneficiary Agencies / 15-12-2006 SUMMARY Preparation of SUMMARY REPORT under the requirements of Article 8 of the WFD REPORT / 2.4.6 January 2007 Delft / All parties mid January 2007

ACTIVITY SCHEME 3 ROAD MAP no. Phase Activity Responsible Assist Est. Month Year days Due Due 1 Design Design the gedatabase for EU acc. Stratos 5 15-Σεπ 2006 Guid. doc 9 2 Design Describe data model Envis WL 5 15-Σεπ 2006 3 Design Describe file structure LIMS DA 4 15-Σεπ 2006 4 Design Describe data model AMOEBA DA 4 15-Σεπ 2006

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no. Phase Activity Responsible Assist Est. Month Year days Due Due 5 Design Define the data to be store in the Enveco WL 10 15-Σεπ 2006 GDBC (o.a.based on input for the functions to arrive at quality status) 6 Define the required functions Enveco WL 10 15-Σεπ 2006 7 Design Define the Environmental Quality Enveco WL 2 15-Σεπ 2006 Standards to be stored 8 Define data model for EQS WL 5 15-Σεπ 2006 9 Design Define the reference conditions to be Enveco WL 3 15-Σεπ 2006 stored 10 Design Define data model for reference WL 5 15-Σεπ 2006 conditions 11 Design Define the monitoring network Enveco WL 5 15-Σεπ 2006 information to be stored 12 Design Define data model for monitoring WL 2 15-Σεπ 2006 networks 13 Design Define the Data Entry Forms for WDD DA 4 15-Σεπ 2006 water quality entry (including depth of sampling) 14 Design Define the Data Entry Form for DFMR DA 4 15-Σεπ 2006 63

15 Development Make retrieval tool from LIMS to GDBC WL 5 15-Οκτ 2006 16 Development Make retrieval tool from HYMOS to WL 5 15-Οκτ 2006 GDBC 17 Development Make retrieval tool from Envis to GDBC WL 10 15-Οκτ 2006 18 Development Make export tool from GDBC to Envis WL 5 15-Οκτ 2006 19 Development Set up the hydrological database WL 5 15-Οκτ 2006 Hymos 20 Development Develop data entry facility for ecology WL 15 15-Οκτ 2006 in GDBC 21 Development Develop data entry facility for quality in WL 10 15-Οκτ 2006 GDBC 22 Development Develop data entry facility for WL 5 15-Οκτ 2006 hydrology in GDBC

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no. Phase Activity Responsible Assist Est. Month Year days Due Due 23 Development Develop knowledge rules for WL 15 15-Οκτ 2006 aggregation 24 Development Develop knowledge rules for validation WL 15 15-Οκτ 2006 25 Development Implement geodatabase for EU acc. Stratos 25 15-Οκτ 2006 Guid. doc 9 26 Development Make export to AMOEBA WL 5 15-Οκτ 2006 27 Development Make export to Hymos WL 5 15-Οκτ 2006 28 Development Install procedures WL 10 15-Οκτ 2006 135

30 Implementation Fill geodatabase with maps from Stratos WL 5 15-Νοε 2006 previous article studies 31 Implementation Retrieve/import data from formal WL 5 15-Νοε 2006 databases 32 Implementation Retrieve/import data from informal CLIENT WL/DA 2 15-Νοε 2006 databases 33 Implementation Fill the database with knowledge rules WL 5 15-Νοε 2006 for validation 34 Implementation Validate the data WL 2 15-Νοε 2006 35 Implementation Fill the database with the knowledge CLIENT Enveco 10 15-Νοε 2006 rules for aggregation 36 Implementation Calculate the status for waterbodies CLIENT Enveco 10 15-Νοε 2006 37 Implementation Install the database at selected sites WL 7 15-Νοε 2006 46

38 Evaluation & User manual WL&DA Stratos 30 31-∆εκ 2006 Documentation 39 Evaluation & System manual WL Stratos 20 31-∆εκ 2006 Documentation 40 Evaluation & Evaluation document DA 4 31-∆εκ 2006 Documentation 41 Evaluation & Finalisation plan WL 4 31-∆εκ 2006 Documentation 42 Evaluation & Training curricula DA Stratos 30 31-∆εκ 2006

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no. Phase Activity Responsible Assist Est. Month Year days Due Due Documentation 88

44 Finalising & Testing System tests DA 20 February 2007 45 Finalising & Testing Adjustments WL 5 February 2007 46 Finalising & Testing Final implementation WL 5 March 2007 Training delivery see Act.scheme 4 pm 30

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ACTIVITY SCHEME 4 ROAD MAP

Implementation of the Monitoring Programmes

LEAD ACTION: Nicolaides & Associates Ltd

SCHEME LEADER: Mr Panicos Nicolaides (N & A)

DURATION: March 2007 – December 2007

A. Introduction Activity Scheme 4 involves the implementation of the monitoring programme as it will be developed by the consultant and agreed by the client, during the course of previous Activities (Activity 2.2 and 2.3). The scheme will have duration of 10 months, commencing March 2007 and will comprise of the following main activities: ¾ Activity 4.1 – Implementation of the monitoring programmes ¾ Activity 4.2 – Development of environmental criteria for target chemicals and pilot monitoring programme implementation ¾ Activity 4.3 – National Final Conference

For the course of Scheme 4, a group of local and international experts will be working together in order to successfully implement the monitoring programme according to the design parameters set in Scheme 2. The implementation of Scheme will test the effectiveness of the adopted programme and it will provide the first data based on which follow-up requirements will be identified. Furthermore, it will be a first-class, on- the job training opportunity for the personnel of the beneficiary agencies that will be actively involved in this Scheme. However, the implementation of the monitoring programme is, in essence, a task to be carried out by the beneficiary departments through the guidance and on the job training by key and non-key experts assigned by the consultant. Therefore, it is essential that the beneficiary departments are able to allocate both personnel and equipment for the implementation of the monitoring programme; otherwise, the Scheme 4 will not be able to be performed according to the work plan. In the next part of the Activity Scheme 4 Road Map an analysis of the work plan is provided incorporating the initial approach as presented in the Technical Proposal of the Consortium’s offer . The Activity and time schedule for Scheme 4 are presented in Table 1.

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Table 1: Description and Planning of the Activity Items

1.Lead No. Activity Action: Time period Outcome 2. Assist: 4.1 Implementation of the Monitoring Programmes: Definition of 3/07 - Definition of monitoring proposed monitoring programmes; all data collected from any 12/07 programmes; Available monitoring exercise during Project and from design period to be data from design and introduced into databases developed. Implementation to follow monitoring exercise 1. P.N.& Assoc approved Action Plan as per Activity Scheme 2. introduced in databases -IACO

2. ENVECO 4.1.1 Define proposed monitoring programme 3/07 Defined monitoring 3. DELFT programme 4.1.2 Collation of design period data and other data from monitoring exercise 3/7 - 10/07 Assemblage of data 4.1.3 Introduction of collected data in databases 3/7 - 12/07 Data introduced in Database 4.2 Development of environmental criteria for target chemicals and Document with a review pilot monitoring programme implementation: Priority substances of substances to be for implementing EC WFD; Review list of “priority hazardous monitored. substances”, “ priority hazardous substances subject to review” and “ Results on some non-priority hazardous substances” in terms of their classification. sampling and the Some sampling and analysis on new network. One expert to cooperate analysis performed. with SGL in development of environmental quality criteria (min. 2 wks). 6/07-11/07 Development of 1. ENVECO Assist SGL with implementation of pilot monitoring Programme (Activity environmental quality 2.P.N.& Assoc 2.4)in 2nd year of project; for this purpose, second two non-key criteria. -IACO experts for one year (chemist+ biologist) Implementation of pilot monitoring programme by SGL 4.2.1 Review substances in terms of their classification (as per WFD) and To be carried out within the frame of cooperate with SGL in developing environmental quality criteria Activity 5.2 4.2.2 Assist SGL with implementation of pilot monitoring programme – Select and assign two non-key experts for one year with SGL 3/7 - 11/06 ------

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4.3 National Final Conference: Relevant chapter of Organize high level and high exposure National Conference at Framework conditions completion of contract in consultation with beneficiary Agencies; report (Activity 1.4) present all results and follow-up requirements to a wide audience 12/07

(policy makers, water management experts and institutions, All members of universities, private sector, agricultural organizations and NGOs. the Consortium Present database and first results of monitoring programme. 4.3.1 Set venue, date and invitees By 10/07 Venue, date, list 4.3.2 Define programme; Select speakers By 10/07 Programme, speakers 4.3.2 Prepare leaflet, program and invitations By 11/07 Finalized, printed sent

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B. Work Plan analysis

Activity 4.1 – Implementation of the monitoring programmes By the completion of Schemes 2 and 3, a cost effective monitoring programme would have been designed and selected for the monitoring of the Island’s waters. Parameters such as the number and locations of the sampling sites, the frequency of sampling, the sampling methods and the type of analysis for each sample would have been established and the necessary databases and software for the managing of the collected data will be in-place.

During Scheme 4, the designed monitoring programme will be put into action and the collection of data will commence. Furthermore, data of various types (quantity, quality, aggregation) that will be generated during the data needs assessment, meeting the Project’s objectives and of the three cooperating agencies will be introduced into the database developed under this Project.

The data collected from sampling and analyses within the framework of the designed monitoring network will assist in the development of a pilot monitoring programme implementation. Activity 4.2 – Development of environmental criteria for target chemicals and pilot monitoring programme implementation This Activity focuses on the review of the ‘Priority Substances’ substances as established in the EU Council’s Decision 2455/2001/EC in terms of their classification (as per WFD). This task will be undertaken within the frame of Activity 5.2 according to which, one expert of the consultant will cooperate with the SGL in the development of environmental quality criteria. After request by the SGL, the consultant will also provide support in the connection of the AMOEBA system with the database. Furthermore, two non-key experts (one chemist and one biologist) will be seconded by the consultant to work for one year (on a full-time basis) at SGL to assist with the implementation of a pilot monitoring programme, based on the established monitoring action plan. It is assumed that the attention required for an adequate level of QA/QC for laboratory analyses performed by the State General laboratory (SGL) is provided through the 2 person-year input by the expert provided by the Consortium to the SGL. Activity 4.3 – National Final Conference At the completion of Scheme 4, a high-level National Conference will be organized, in close cooperation with the beneficiary agencies, to present all results and the follow-up requirements drawn from the implementation of the monitoring programme. During the conference, the database and its functionality will also be presented.

The National Conference will have a high exposure and host a wide audience of policy makers, water management experts and institutions, universities, private sector, agricultural organizations and NGOs

Specific tasks under this Activity include: -- The booking of venues - The preparation of quest lists - The definition of the programme and selection of quest speakers

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- The preparation of leaflets, program and invitations

The National Conference is expected to take place by the end of the project, in December 2007.

C. Key and Non-Key Experts Time plan Scheme 4 involves the contribution of a number of Key and Non Key experts in order to support the staff of the beneficiary departments in implementing the monitoring programme and also train them on the field. The experts will accompany and support the personnel of the beneficiary agencies during the initial samplings at each location and provide them with adequate training as to be able to carry out future monitoring activities autonomously. A list of the experts involved in Scheme 4, their responsibilities and a time plan of their activities is presented in Table 2. Please note that two non-key expert biologists have been made available with extended availability (Iakovos Jorjis and Christos Mammides)

Furthermore, the consultant is currently interviewing scientists to fill the two positions at the SGL. The CVs of the proposed biologist is already available (Polina Polikarpou) and included in the Appendix of the Inception Report. The chemists will be hired after the summer.

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Table 2: Experts involved in Activity Scheme 4

No. Name Consortium Role in Activity Scheme 4 Presence Total working partner in days Cyprus 1 Panikos Nikolaides Nikolaides Activity Scheme 4 coordinator P 5

2 George Kirkos Nikolaides Activity Scheme 4 assistant coordinator P 5 3 Iacovos Iacovides I.A.CO Key Expert P 36

4 George Kotzageorgis Enveco Provision of support and training on surface water V 5 biomonitoring 5 Fivi Vagianou Enveco Provision of support and training on surface water V 5 biomonitoring 6 Christina Giannakidou Enveco Support on physicochemical parameters of monitoring V 10 7 Pinelopi Delipetrou Enveco Key Expert. On the job training on biological aspects and V 27 sampling procedures 8 Sotiris Orfanides Enveco Provision of support and on the job training on V 3 phytobenthos biomonitoring 9 Kostas Noutsopoulos Enveco Support and on the job training on the monitoring of V 4 physicochemical parameters of rivers/ lakes 10 Panos Panagiotides Enveco Provision of support and on the job training on the V 5 monitoring of the Posidonia Oceanica 11 Vassilis Gerakakis Enveco Provision of support and on the job training on the V 5 monitoring of the Posidonia Oceanica 12 Giorgos Nikitopoulos Enveco Support and on the job training on the monitoring of V 5 physicochemical parameters of rivers/ lakes 13 Dimitris Argyropoulos Argyropoulos Database support and on the job training V 6 14 Jeny Langanidou Argyropoulos Database support and on the job training V 6 15 A. Alexopoulou Argyropoulos Database support and on the job training V 6 16 Pascal Boderie WL | Delft Key Expert-Databases handling and data input. V 5 Hydraulics 17 Kees Bons WL | Delft Key Expert-Project Leader-Coordinator V 16 Hydraulics

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No. Name Consortium Role in Activity Scheme 4 Presence Total working partner in days Cyprus 18 Stratos Stylianides Working Key GIS-expert - On the job training on the analysis of under WL | data V 10 Delft Hydraulics 19 Polina Polikarpou Biologist SGL Fulltime 20 Iakovos Jorjis Biologist – Support and on the job training on coastal P 30 biomonitoring 21 Christos Mammides Biologist – Support and on the job training on rivers P 40 biomonitoring P- Permanently in Cyprus V- Visiting Cyprus

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ACTIVITY SCHEME 5 ROAD MAP based on pages 13 and 14 of ToR 5.1 continuous on-the-job training related to the defined activies throughout the duration of the project, on the implementation of the activities schemes 1 to 4. 5.2 additional training as defined below

Item timing Specification of task Name Place Consultant biologist for lakes It can start in 2006 (October Training in WFD To be decided Cyprus biomonitoring (BSI,BDI,etc) - December) and continue in biomonitoring for for 5 weeks during 1st year 2007 during the lakes with emphasis in and 1 week in 2nd year for implementation of the phytoplankton. higher level on-the-job programme (on the job training of SGL personnel training). Provisional period: August-October 2007 (suitable period for the specific quality element)

Consultant in the connection spring 2007 Connect Amoeba with Dick de Zwart (RIVM) Cyprus of Amoeba with DB (instead new database and of development of provide additional environmental quality training on quality criteria) 2 weeks indicators as needed Consultant biologist for river coastal: May-July 07 Phytobenthos index Dr Sotiris Orfanides Cyprus and Kavala- ecology for 3 weeks and (Posidonia: late May-early Posidonia oceanica (phytobenthos), Dr Greece Institute of coastal ecology 3 weeks for June approx. 10 days; Panos Panagiotidis Marine Research higher level on-the-job Phytobenthos: June-July, and Vassilis Gerakaris (Phytobenthos); training of DMFR personnel approx. 10 days) (Posidonia oceanica) Cyprus and possibly river: Jan-Apr 07 Athens Hellenic Marine Research Centre (Posidonia oceanica)

Participation in 6 European to be decided Europe workshops/seminars on water chemistry/ecology SGL

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Item timing Specification of task Name Place database design structure & to be decided Cyprus development 3 days Maintenance of to be decided Cyprus Hydrologic/hydrogeologic database 2 times 5 days Maintenance of water quality to be decided Cyprus database 2 times 5 days preparation of thematic to be decided Cyprus maps based on ARCGIS technology for the reporting to the EU in accordance with WFD 3days Sampling and monitoring Sept-Dec 06 Sampling for Dr Kostas Cyprus procedures 3 days physicochemical QEs - Noutsopoulos, Dr inland surface waters Daniil Mamais, Giorgos Nikitopoulos High level seminar for the nov/dec 2007 Spyros Cyprus presentation and discussion Papagrygorou,George of Project outcome 2 days Kotzageorgis, Phoebe Vyanou

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 14 July, 2006 ______

APPENDIX 14: COST OF PRESENT MONITORING PROGRAMME Individual rates of each salary scale and names are not displayed for privacy purposes

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 14 July, 2006 ______Water Development Department Table 1: Salaries for personnel involved in water monitoring

WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Salaries for Water Monitoring Total Cost Salary Scale Nicosia Limassol Paphos Larnaca Tersefanou Total No. (Euro/Year) A13+ 0.47* 0.47 23,500 A9-A12 1.6* 1.6 51,264 A5-A7 3.4* 3.4 86,681 A11 1 0 0 0 0 1 42,169 A9 0 1 0 0 1 2 64,080 A7 8 3 9 1 1 22 560,878 A5 1 0 0 0 3 4 74,416 A2 1 1 0 0 0 2 29,008 E7 4 0 0 1 0 5 107,490 E5 0 0 0 1 0 1 18,190 Total 15 5 9 3 5 42.5 1057676 1. The salaries for scales A2-A11 were estimated using the standard hourly rates used in public services 2.It is assumed that overtimes are not paid *Person –equivalent time of Senior, Mid-level and other supporting staff

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 14 July, 2006 ______

Table 2: Transportation overhead expenses for sampling activities WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Sampling Expenses Vehicle Sampling Sampling Expenses No. of Frequency (per Days (per Monitoring Network locations Year) Year) (Euro) Dir.75/440/EEC 20 4 times/yr 27 940 Dir.76/464/EEC(1) 5 1/yr 3 104 Dir.78/659/EEC 5 10/yr 3 104 Intercalibration for rivers (2) 14 2/yr 6 209 Waterflow and water quality of spring 40 12/yr 96 3341 Stage and flow of rivers 51 6/yr 60 2,088 Water level of ground water 850 2/yr 85 2,958 Total 256 9744 1. This network was operational only during 2005 2. The intercalibration network operated for only 2 months

Department of Fisheries and Marine Research

Table 3: Salaries for personnel involved in water monitoring DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND MARINE RESEARCH Salaries for Water monitoring Salary Scale No. of Personnel Total Cost (Euro) A13 1 A11 1 A7 3 A2 1 E5 1 Total 7 204,852

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 14 July, 2006 ______

Table 4: Transportation overhead expenses for sampling activities

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND MARINE RESEARCH SAMPLING EXPENSES Sampling Sampling Vehicle Expenses Monitoring Network No. of locations Frequency (per Year) Days (per Year) (Euro) Dir.76/464/EEC(1) 7 1 3 104 Dir.78/659/EEC 5 10 3 104 12 1 9 313 Dir.91/676/EEC 11 2 3 2393 (2) MEDPOL 4 2 4 139 22 3 8 278 Larnaka Salt Lake 5 6 1 35 Limassol Salt Lake 12 6 1 35 Total 78 32 3,401 1. This network was operational only during 2005 2. Includes boat expences

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 14 July, 2006 ______State General Laboratory

Table 5: Salaries for personnel involved in water monitoring STATE GENERAL LABORATORY Salaries for Water monitoring Salary Scale No. of Personnel Total Cost (Euro) (1) A13 1 A12 4 A11 2 A10 1 A9 3 A7 1 A5 5 Total 17 528,456 1. Based on individual salaries (provided by the SGL) 2. It is assumed that there are no traveling or overtime expenses

Table 6: Capital Expenditure for Water monitoring for the Year 2005

STATE GENERAL LABORATORY Capital Expenditure for Water monitoring (2005) Laboratory Type of Expenditure Total Cost Glasswar Machinery Machinery Spare Standard Reagent e Equipment Parts Samples s Raw Materials (Euro) Ecotoxicology 3,588 790 4,355 254 28,933 465 38,384 Environment & Effluents 3,198 3,755 978 790 1,133 722 10,576 Microbiology 4,658 0 0 1,476 0 0 6,134 Water General 2,492 0 5,608 258 4,559 2,474 15,390 Water Pollution 3,176 5,664 13,231 1,804 3,724 2,424 30,022 Total 17,111 10,209 24,172 4,581 38,348 6,085 100,506

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APPENDIX 2: EXISTING WATER LAWS AND REGULATIONS ASSIGNING APPROPRIATENESS TO AGENCIES

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Basic Water Laws

The Water laws are many and complex, including many duplications and have been enacted from time to time in the past as needs demanded, so as to cover the requirements of various water-related interests and authorities. The most pertinent laws are: • The Government Waterworks Law (Cap 341) which is the most important legal instrument for the management of the water resources of the Country. WDD ascertains water rights in an area where Government water works may be constructed and is a member of the District Water Boards for the management and promotion of Government water development works in the district. • The Wells Law (Cap 351 as amended) which provides for a well permit. • The Water Supply (Special Measures) Law of 1964 which enables the Council of Ministers to declare certain areas as controlled with special measures for the conservation of the water resources and maintenance of water supplies. The concurrence of WDD is needed for issuing a permit. • The Irrigation Divisions (Villages) Law (Cap 342 as amended) which provides for the formation of an Irrigation Division made up of not less than 10 proprietors for the construction, improvement maintenance or repair of any irrigation works, the protection of common waters or watercourses or for the regulation of their use; the WDD gives technical advice. • The Irrigation Association Law (Cap 115) provides for at least 7 owners of water rights to form an Association for the construction, improvement, maintenance or repair of any irrigation works in connection with their common water. The WDD is involved in planning design and construction of the works. • The Water Supply (Municipal & Other Areas) Law (Cap 350) which provides for the establishment of Water Boards for the control and management of water supplies in municipal and other areas. Boards' sources of water may be developed by themselves or be bulk supplies from WDD. • Water (Domestic Purposes) Village Supplies Law (Cap 349) provides for the establishment of Village Water Commissions charged with providing an adequate supply of pure and wholesome water for the domestic purposes of the village and to maintain such supply and any waterworks connected therewith in clean and good condition and repair. The WDD prepares for the plans, design execution and operation and maintenance of rural domestic water supplies. • The Villages (Administration & Improvement) Law (Cap 243) through which Improvement Boards exercise powers relating to water supplies; of an environmental health nature, preventing accumulation of water in a manner dangerous to public health; ensuring drains do not cause nuisance; ensure water supplies for domestic purposes are adequate and that aqueducts and fountains are not contaminated • The Public Health Villages Law (Cap 259) which includes provisions relevant to prevention of pollution of water. • The Sewage and Drainage Law 1970 which provides for the establishment, maintenance and operation of a proper system of sewage works and the treatment or disposal of sewage and the formation of a Board. • Other laws which have a bearing on waters are the Foreshore Protection Law (Cap 59), Tourism Development Laws, Public Rivers Protection Law (Cap 82), Mines and Quarries Law (Cap 270),

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Factories Law (Cap 134), Streets and Buildings Regulations Law (Cap 96), Soil Conservation Land (Cap 94), Land Consolidation Law (24/1969), Fisheries Law (Inland) (Cap 135), Immovable Property Laws (Cap 223, 224), The legislation above except in the case of Irrigation Divisions, Associations, Commissions and Sewage Boards does not mention the administrative authority for the water resources inventory, evaluation, allocation and control of use. This is a basic setback of the existing legislation.

Recent Water Pollution control, Management and Protection Laws

Recent laws promulgated in the last few years that harmonize the Cyprus legislation to EU Directives assign the Minister of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment as the competent authority for the purposes of the law and for certain matters the Council of Ministers. The competent authority in turn may assign the responsibility or empower agencies to carry out certain duties derived from these laws.

The two most pertinent laws that involve a considerable effort in water monitoring are:

• The Water and Soil Pollution Control Law N.106(I)/2002 that harmonizes the Cyprus legislation to the EU Directives 75/440 , 79/869, 76/160, 76/464, 78/659, 79/923, 80/68, 82/176, 84/156, 83/513, 84/491, 86/280, 91/271, 91/676, 96/61 and to the Council Decision 77/795. According to this law, the Minister of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (“the Minister”) is responsible for its implementation (art.3.1). Without affecting the stipulations of the Quality of Water for Human Consumption Law N.87 (I)/2001 the Minister looks after the permanent effective control of the quality of the waters of Cyprus and the carrying out for this purpose inspection of waters, the soils and underground in the areas where exist or are likely to exist surface and ground waters (art. 3.2 “a”). The Minister of Labor and Social Insurance is responsible for those clauses that provide him with jurisdiction and may suggest to “the Minister” specific actions (art.3.3). The Minister may issue Regulations among other and about the methods used for sampling for the determination of the quality of water and soil and disposed waste (art. 5.1.”c”). The Minister takes measures for the control of nitrate pollution. (art.7.1) and among other actions he looks after action programmes and the monitoring of their implementation (art. 7.2 “d” and “e”). The Minister may issue decrees or Regulations entrusting jurisdiction to any person, local authority or department in regard to any of his responsibilities issuing out of this law (art. 25.1). The Council of Ministers may issue Regulations regarding the sampling (method, frequency, quantity, sites and timing) (art.26.2). For the purposes of this article ‘Responsible Laboratory” is the State General Laboratory or any other laboratory declared so by the Minister.

• The Water Management and Protection Law N.13 (I) /2004 that harmonizes the Cyprus legislation to the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. According to the Law, the Minister of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment is the “competent authority” (art.2) and has the responsibility and coordinates all actions pertaining from this law (art. 4). The Council of Ministers on the basis of the analyses and surveys looks after the promotion of measures that will lead to the achievement of the

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targets defined in the law (art. 19). The “competent authority” looks after the monitoring of water as required by this law (art. 24). The Council of Ministers may issue Regulations for the best implementation of the clauses of this law including the entrusting of jurisdiction for the implementation of specific clauses of the law (art. 32). The clauses of this law, unless otherwise stipulated, prevail over any other law in regard to subjects regulating issues of water management and protection (art. 33). This law was enacted on the 22nd of December 2003 (art. 34).

Regulations and Decrees

Specific Regulations have been issued mandating certain water monitoring activities to specific agencies jointly with or without other agencies. The whole text of these is presented (in free English translation) here below:

Regulation 707/2004 (Free translation)

ASSIGNMENT OF AUTHORITY/ JURISDICTION IN REGARD TO THE WATERS AND SOIL POLLUTION CONTROL LAW (NO. 106(I)/2002) Announcement of assignment of authority by the Minister of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment On the basis of Article 25 (I) paragraph (c) of the Waters and Soil Pollution Law (N. 106(I) of 2002) I assign to the Departments of Fisheries and Marine Research, Water Development, Geological Survey, and Agriculture, as well as the Environment Service the authorities and or appropriateness that are relative to the implementation of the above mentioned law, as well as to the Regulations and Decrees that have been issued on the basis of this law, as shown on the Table of this Announcement and on the basis of the following general distribution of responsibilities: i) The responsibility for monitoring the quality of waters (except the coastal) for nitrate pollution and certain provisions for the protection of ground waters is with the Geological Survey Department in cooperation and, on certain subjects jointly, with the Water Development Department in accordance to the arrangements made in between them. ii) The responsibility for monitoring the quality of surface and ground waters as regards other parameters is with the Water Development Department, in cooperation and, on certain aspects with the Geological Survey Department as advisor on technical matters in accordance to the arrangements made in between them. iii) The monitoring of the quality of coastal and sea waters as well as of the fresh waters that contain fish will be carried out by the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, in cooperation with the Water Development Department as regards the fresh waters. iv) The monitoring of the implementation of activity programs on nitrate pollution and on the code of good agricultural practice for agricultural activities in the areas that are necessary will be carried out by the Department of Agriculture. v) For the analytical work on nitrates and possibly on other parameters use will be made of the Chemical Laboratory of the Geological Survey Department, the Protocol of cooperation between the Water Development Department and the State General Laboratory being observed and for possible demands of the European Commission. For other analyses, use will be made of the State General Laboratory.

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2. The Director of the Environment Service has, on part of the Director General of the Ministry, the responsibility of coordination of the procedure for taking measures when from the monitoring reports problems are established, as well as for informing the European Commission, and the above Departments are responsible for informing him on the occasion of establishing non compliance with the qualitative prototypes as well as for the preparation and transfer to him, of the relative monitoring reports in the defined format.

TABLE: ASSIGNMENT OF AUTHORITY ON THE BASIS OF THE WATERS AND SOIL POLLUTION CONTROL LAW (NO. 106(I)/2002)

Departmen No. Publicatio Regulation/ Decree Authority t/Service Regulation n date /jurisdiction that is assigned WDD 506/2002 25.10.2002 The Waters Pollution Paragraph (1) of Control (Sampling regulation 4 and and Exchange of the regulations information for the 6 and 7. Fresh Surface Waters) Regulations of 2002 DFMR 514/2002 25.10.2002 The Waters Pollution Paragraph (1) Control (Securing of (a) and (b) of the Quality of Fresh regulation 5. Waters for Fish) regulations of 2002 DA 534/2002 8.11.2002 The Waters Pollution Paragraphs (1) Control (Nitrate (a), (b), (c), Pollution of (d), (f), (2) and Agricultural Origin) (4) of Regulations of 2002 regulation 7, paragraphs (1) (a) and (c) of regulation 9 GSD in 534/2002 8.11.2002 The Waters Pollution Paragraphs (a) cooperation Control (Nitrate (i), (a) (ii), (b) and jointly Pollution of and (c) of with WDD Agricultural Origin) regulation 10. Regulations of 2002 DFMR 534/2002 8.11.2002 The Waters Pollution Paragraph (c) of Control (Nitrate regulation 10 for Pollution of the coastal Agricultural Origin) waters only Regulations of 2002 GSD 45/1996 23.2.1996 The Waters Pollution Article 9 Control (Protection Measures of Ground Waters) Decree of 1996 WDD 45/1996 23.2.1996 The Waters Pollution Responsible Control (Protection authority in Measures of Ground regard to Waters) Decree of paragraph (1) of 1996 article 8. Articles 10 and 14

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DA 45/1996 23.2.1996 The Waters Pollution Paragraph Control (Protection (2)(b) of article Measures of Ground 13 Waters) Decree of 1996 WDD with 8/2001 12.1.2001 The Waters Pollution Articles 4 and 5 GSD as Control (Quality for all samples advisor on Targets of Waters in of waters except technical regard to Certain the sea matters Dangerous territorial waters Substances) Decree of 2001 DFMR 8/2001 12.1.2001 The Waters Pollution Articles 4 and 5 Control (Quality for all samples Targets of Waters in from the sea regard to Certain territorial Dangerous waters, Substances) Decree of sediments, 2001 mollusks and shellfish DFMR 10/2001 12.1.2001 The Waters Pollution Articles 6 and 9 Control (Quality Targets of Fresh Waters for the Conservation of Life of Fish) Decree of 2001

Done on the 26th July 2004 Timis Eythymiou Minister of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment WDD = Water Development Department DFMR= Department of Fisheries and Marine Research DA = Department of Agriculture GSD = Geological Survey Department

Regulation 506/2002

The WDD for The Water Pollution Control (Sampling and Exchange of information for the Fresh Surface Waters) Regulations of 2002 is responsible on: ¾ Information in regard to parameters included in Annex II which are subject to information exchange: (paragraph 1 of regulation 4) • Measurement results from the sampling or measuring sites; • Description of sampling methods, conservation of samples and measurements as well as the frequency of sampling; ¾ Intercalibration of the competent laboratories participating in the collection and analysis of data, to the degree required, so that the standard methods of measurement can be compared to the laboratories in Cyprus; (regulation 6) ¾ Sampling frequency and analysis is monthly; (regulation 7) • This frequency can be reduced to if the results show small fluctuations and there is no danger to humans and the environment; • Change of sampling frequency is reported to the Commission;

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• The standard methods for the determination of parameters are in Annex III. Any lab using other methods must validate the results for their comparability; • The sample receptacles and substances used for their conservation should not alter substantially the result of the analysis; • The sampling must be carried out at the same site and the sampling procedure must be the same on every occasion.

Regulation 514/2002

The DFMR for The Waters Pollution Control (Securing of the Quality of Fresh Waters for Fish) regulations of 2002 is responsible on: • To declare additional waters for cyprinids and waters for salmonides • For these waters stricter penalties and additional ones may be defined.

Regulation 534/2002

The DA for The Waters Pollution Control (Nitrate Pollution of Agricultural Origin) Regulations of 2002 is responsible for: The Code of Good Agricultural Practice which should include the periods for disposal of fertilizer on the soil, the disposal on inclined surfaces and on saturated or frozen or covered with snow soils, the conditions for disposal on soils near water bodies, methods for disposal on the soil of chemical fertilizers and manure Training of farmers on the Code of GAP. (paragraph (1) a,b,c,d,f, (2) and (4) of regulation 7). Action programs to include (paragraph (1) and (2) of regulation 9): Periods for which disposal on the spoil of certain chemicals is prohibited; The containment of the quantity of fertilizer that is allowed to be disposed on the soil within the framework of the code of GAP and the conditions of the vulnerable zone ( soil conditions, type of soil, inclination, climate, rainfall and irrigation conditions, use of the soil, the balance of the projected needs of the crop to nitrate and the quantity given )

The GSD in cooperation and jointly with WDD for certain aspects of The Waters Pollution Control (Nitrate Pollution of Agricultural Origin) Regulations of 2002 is responsible for: • The monitoring of ground waters (paragraphs (a) (i), (a) (ii), (b) and (c) of regulation 10) • Monitoring of nitrates in fresh waters for one year • At sampling sites for surface waters as defined in subparagraph (2) of paragraph 7 of the Control of pollution of Waters (Quality of Surface Waters intended for the production of drinking water) Regulation of 2000or at other sampling sites representative of surface waters at least once a month and more frequently during floods. • At sampling sites representative of ground water aquifers at such periods defined by the Minister on the basis of the regulations of the Quality of Water for Human Consumption Law of 2001. • The programme referred in subparagraph (a) is repeated every four years. It is assumed that the programme is repeated every 8 years in the case that where a sampling site in all previous samples is below 25 mg/l and where there is no any parameter identified that would increase the nitrates. • Re-evaluates the eutrophication in every 4 years of the surface waters, the waters at the discharge mouth of the rivers and their coastal waters.

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The DFMR for The Waters Pollution Control (Nitrate Pollution of Agricultural Origin) Regulations of 2002 is responsible for: The monitoring of ground waters (paragraphs (c) of regulation 10 for coastal waters only • Re-evaluates the eutrophication in every 4 years of the coastal waters.

Regulation 45/1996

The GSD for The Waters Pollution Control (Protection Measures of Ground Waters) Decree of 1996 is responsible for article 9: • The construction of water works should be such so as to avoid pollution of the aquifer from surface waters or infiltration of other substances from the surface. • Depending on local circumstances, water abstraction should be made from sufficient depth, not less than 5 meters from the surface of the ground. The part of the well to the depth of water abstraction should be cemented or filled in with clay even if in that part exists water bearing formation. The cementing will be done between the casing and the wall of the well. • At the top of the well the ground will be removed if it is not impermeable and a slab of cement or clay of thickness 0,5 – 1,0 meter and radius three times the diameter of the well. His slab constitutes the continuation of that part of the well that has been cemented or filled in with clay. The securing of impermeability at the top part of the well may be accomplished with other means accepted as sufficient by the Minister. • The Minister may undertake any other measures deemed necessary fro the protection of the waterworks such as disinfection of the works, impermeability at the location of the pumping [plant, exclusion of communication between various lithologic strata of the well, maintenance etc.

The WDD for The Waters Pollution Control (Protection Measures of Ground Waters) Decree of 1996 is the responsible authority to paragraph (1) of article 8, articles 10 and 14: • (8) The disposal of any substance or object or waste in abandoned wells/boreholes except on the basis of a permit by the Minister is prohibited. On the occasion of abandonment of a well, the competent authority should be notified within 21 days for the supervision of measures deemed necessary for preventing the pollution of the aquifer from surface waters or any other accidental infiltration at the head of the well or the mouth of the well. • (10) On the basis of the recharge limit of a certain area, the risk of pollution or infection of groundwater and the velocity of flow the outer limit of recharge is delimited in three protection zones: Zone I or Zone of Direct Protection Zone II or Controlled Zone and Zone III or outer Zone of Protection All three zones need to cover the area of immediate recharge of the aquifer and after they are recorded, suitable maps will be displayed which will constitute part of this regulation. • (14 The Minister may limit the definition of Zones into I and II if necessary while the Zone III could be replaced by local minor sub-zones which depending the vulnerability will control human activies within them. Also if it is considered that the definition of 50 mdays is not possible for Zone II, the Minister may define a common, unified and somewhat smaller of 50 days controlled zone. The Minister may prohibit in total the drilling of wells

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deeper than a defined depth if this way the quality or quantity of ground waters and of springs is protected.

The DA for The Waters Pollution Control (Protection Measures of Ground Waters) Decree of 1996 is the responsible authority to paragraph (2)(b) of article 13: • The implementation of the code of Good Agricultural Practice is mandatory for agricultural activities within the protection Zone III

Regulation 8/2001

The WDD with GSD as advisor on technical matters for The Waters Pollution Control (Quality Targets of Waters in regard to Certain Dangerous Substances) Decree of 2001 is the responsible authority to Articles 4 and 5 for all samples of waters except the sea territorial waters: • (4) The sampling should be made at sites close enough to the disposal site of dangerous substances so that the samples are representative of the quality of the water environment of the area that is affected by the disposal • (5) With reservation as to subparagraph (2) the standard method of definition for the verification of the presence of dangerous substances is the one presented for each one on the Second and Third Table, Other definition methods other than the one mentioned in sub-paragraph (I) could be used on condition that the definition limits, the approach and the accuracy of these methods are at least as valid as those mentioned in the Second and Third Table. The DFMR for The Waters Pollution Control (Quality Targets of Waters in regard to Certain Dangerous Substances) Decree of 2001 is the responsible authority for Articles 4 and 5 from the sea territorial waters, sediments, molluscs and shellfish.

Regulation 10/2001

The DFMR for The Waters Pollution Control (Quality Targets of Fresh Waters for the Conservation of Life of Fish) Decree of 20012001 is the responsible authority for Articles 6 and 9: The sampling will be carried out at least at the minimum frequency defined in the Table (of this regulation). The exact sampling site , its distance from the nearest disposal of pollutants and the depth from which samples are taken are decided depending on the case, considering the local environmental conditions. With the reservation of sub-paragraph 2 , the standard methods of definition of the analysis to be used for the ascertainment of the parameter values of the Table are indicated in the Table for each one of them. Other definition methods may be used besides those mentioned in the Table on the condition that the derived results are equivalent to or comparable with those of the methods listed in the Table.

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Regulation. 929/2004 (Free translation)

THE WATERS AND SOIL POLLUTION CONTROL LAW (NO. 106(I)/2002) ASSIGNMENT OF AUTHORITY/ JURISDICTION IN REGARD TO THE WATERS POLLUTION CONTROL LAW (QUALITY OF BATHING WATERS) DECREE OF 2002

Announcement of assignment of authority by the Minister of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment

On the basis of Article 25 (I) paragraph (c) of the Waters and Soil Pollution Law (N. 106(I) of 2002) I assign to the Departments of Medical Services and Public Health Services and to the State General Laboratory the following authority / appropriateness that are relative to the Waters Pollution Law (Quality of Bathing Waters) Decree of 2000:

(1) The monitoring of the quality of bathing waters will be carried out by the Department of Medical Services and Public Health Services according to the Waters Pollution Law (Quality of Bathing Waters) Decree of 2000. (2) The bathing season is defined as the 15th of May until the 31st of October. The monitoring of bathing waters will begin 15 days before the start of the bathing season and the sampling will be done every 15 days until the end of the bathing season. (3) The sites of sampling will be determined by the Department of Medical Services and Public Health Services on the basis of the provisions of the Directive 76/160/EU. (4) The sampling and visual control will be carried out by trained staff of the Department of Medical Services and Public Health Services. (5) The laboratory control of the samples will be carried out by the State General Laboratory except of the parameter of total Coliforms. (6) The State General Laboratory will receive the samples of bathing waters and will carry out the analyses at the frequency described above and for the period referred above. The chemical and microbiological analyses that will be carried out on every sample will include the parameters: enteric Coliforms, enterococcus (wherever and whenever required according to the Quality of Bathing Waters, Regulations 99/2000) Table, note (2), phenols, fossil fuels and surface active substances. (7) The evaluation of the results and the writing of the annual report in regard the monitoring of bathing waters will be prepared by the Department of Medical Services and Public Health Services in cooperation with the State General Laboratory in accordance with the requirements of the European Commission and will be send to the Environment Service with a notification to the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research.

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APPENDIX 3: STATISTICS OF PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN WATER MONITORING IN THE THREE BENEFICIARY AGENCIES (Based on response to written questionnaire)

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Education (1 ) (%) Employee Position in Service (2) (%) Department Service No. of staff E L TS UN PG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Other D.O. PAPHOS 9 67 33 50 50 D.O. L/SOL(3) 5 100 20 80 WDD* D.O. L/ca(4) 3 33 33 33 33 67 W.R.Div. 15 60 33 7 33 33 33 TOTAL 32 3 66 28 3 34 28 3 13 22 a) Tersephanou Lab 5 40 60 100 ( Chem SC C M TM IT SGL 17 12 53 6 Lab.T 6 23 47 12 6 6 DFMR 7 43 14 14 28 100 • For additional WDD staff, see Table further below.

Scale (%) Years of Service Department Service E4 E5 E7 A2 A5 A7 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 Range Mean

D.O. PAPHOS 100 25 to 30 27.6 D.O. L/SOL(3) 20 60 20 26 to 40 (5) 27.6(5) WDD D.O. L/ca(4) 33 33 33 20 to 30 24.3 W.R.Div. 26 7 7 53 7 1 to 39 18 TOTAL (%) 3 16 6 3 66 3 3 18-35 25 4 months to 26 Tersephanou Lab 60 20 20 8 yrs

SGL 35 6 6 6 6 41 6 2 to 37 17

DFMR 14 14 43 14 14 1 to 36 20

Role in Monitoring (6) (%) Department Service WL S A FM R IT D.O. PAPHOS 100 100 78 89 D.O. L/SOL(3) 100 60 40 100 WDD D.O. L/ca(4) 100 100 66 W.R.Div. 87 80 33 40 TOTAL (%) 94 84 6 44 59 Tersephanou Lab 100 100 Sector M/ger Lab. M/ger Chem. Analysis Biol. Analysis MB. Analysis IT SGL 6 23 41 12 12 6 DFMR 100 86 28

Training in Monitoring9 (%) Employment Status (7) (%) Department Service YES NO P T H D.O. PAPHOS 100 89 11 D.O. L/SOL(3) 100 80 20 WDD D.O. L/ca(4) 100 67 33 W.R.Div. 7 93 60 13 27 TOTAL (%) 3 97 72 13 15 Tersephanou Lab 40 60 40 60

SGL 100 100

DFMR 100 72 14 14

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(1): E: Elementary, L: Lyceum, TS: Technical School, UN: University, PG: Post Graduate (2): 1: Technical assistant in surface Hydrology, 2: Technical Assistant in Ground Water 3: A' Technician, 4: Technician, 5: Senior Technical Inspector in Surface Hydrology 6: Technician in Surface Hydrology, 7: Technician in Ground Water, Other: Hourly employees, assistants, technical assistants (a) (3): Plus 2 hourly paid (all staff assumed with L education) (4): Plus 2 persons involved in Borehole permits, pumping. Tests (5): Estimated (6): WL: Groundwater Level, S: Sampling, A: Analysis, FM: Surface Flow Measurements, R. Recording, IT.: Ccomputerization (7): P: Permanent, T: Temporary, H: Hourly Paid (8): SC: Senior Chemist, C: Chemist, M: Microbiologist, TM: Technical Microbiologist

NOTE: (9): The “training in monitoring” was a general question without specifying “formal (classroom) training” or “on-the-job training”. It is possible that the answer on the written questionnaire refers either to the first (formal), or second type (on-the-job), or both. This applies to all the answers on “training” for all the tables that follow.

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WDD Additional staff involved in monitoring* % involvement Person GWR/ Training in ID Position Education Scale Division/Office Role in Monitoring SFW Monitoring 1 PWE PG A14 WDD Sector M/ger 1 1 Yes 2 SH PG A13 Water Resources Division Head 10 5 Yes

3 SH PG A13 Hydrology Division Head 5 5 Yes

4 SWE PG A13 WDD Limassol Regional Of. Head 4 4 Yes Regional Of. Head 5 SWE PG A13 WDD Paphos 4 4 Yes 6 SWE PG A13 WDD Larnaka Regional Of. Head 4 - Yes 7 H PG A12 Hydrology PC-SFC Hydrology - 5 8 H PG A9 Water Resources Water Resources 40 40 Yes 9 H PG A9 Hydrology GWR - Hydrology 20 5 Yes

10 G PG A9 Hydrology Env. Inspector 5 5 Yes

11 TA L A9 WDD Paphos Team Leader 10 10 Yes 12 EE UN A12 WDD Limassol Team Leader 10 10 Yes 13 TA CD A9 Hydrology Data Mngmnt 80 - Yes 14 TA L A7 Hydrology Data Mngmnt - 70 Yes 15 TA CD A7 Hydrology GIS 10 10 Yes

16 TA L A7 Hydrology Data Mngmnt 45 45 Yes Data Mngmnt 17 TA L A5 Hydrology 80 - Yes 18 TA L E5 Hydrology Data Mngmnt 40 40 Yes (1): E: Elementary, L: Lyceum, TS: Technical School, CD : College Diploma, UN: University, PG: Post Graduate

*Note: On the basis of discussion with staff of Divisions of Hydrology and Water Resources (July 2006)

PWE=Principal Water Engineer G=Geologist SH = Senior Hydrogeologist EE- Executive Engineer SWE= Senior Water Engineer TA=Technical Assistant H= Hydrologist

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Detail information on Technicians involved in Surface and Ground Water monitoring

WDD REGIONAL OFFICE Paphos Technicians involved in Surface Water monitoring Training in Person ID Position Education Scale Years of Service Role Employment status Monitoring 1 TASH L A7 28 FM,S,R P No 2 TASH L A7 25 FM,S,R P No 3 TASH L A7 29 FM,S,R P No 4 TASH TS A7 27 FM,S,R P No 7 TASH TS A7 27 FM,S,R P No 8 TASH L A7 27 FM,S,R P No 9 TASH TS A7 30 FM,S,R T No Technicians involved in Ground Water monitoring 1 TAGW L A7 28 WL,S,R P No 2 TAGW L A7 25 WL,S,R P No 3 TAGW L A7 29 WL,S,R P No 4 TAGW TS A7 27 WL,S,R P No 5 TAGW L A7 28 WL,S,R P No 6 TAGW L A7 28 WL,S P No 7 TAGW TS A7 27 WL,S,R P No 8 TAGW L A7 27 WL,S,R P No 9 TAGW TS A7 30 WL,S,R T No

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WDD REGIONAL OFFICE LARNAKA Technicians involved in Ground Water monitoring Training in Person ID Position Education Scale Years of Service Role Employment status Monitoring 1 TAGW TS A7 23 WL,S,R P No 2 Assistant L E5 20 WL,S,R H No Surveyor 3 Assistant E E7 30 WL,S P No

WDD REGIONAL OFFICE LIMASSOL

Technicians involved in Surface Water monitoring Person Employment Training in ID Position Education Scale Years of Service Role status Monitoring 1 Senior Technician A9 40* FW,S,R P No 2 Technician A7 31* FW,R P No 6 Hourly Employee E4 FW,R H No 7 Hourly Employee E4 FW,R H No Technicians involved in Ground Water monitoring 1 Senior Technician A9 40* WL,R P No 2 Technician A7 31* WL,S,R P No 3 Technician A7 31* WL,S,R P No 4 Technician A7 31* WL,S,R P No 5 Technician A2 6* WL,R P No 6 Hourly Employee E4 WL,S,R H No 7 Hourly Employee E4 WL,S,R H No

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WDD Laboratory at TERSEPHANOU Personnel involved in Surface and Ground Water monitoring Person Role in Employment Training in ID Position Education Scale Years of Service Monitoring status Monitoring 1 Chemist (TA) UN A9 26 A,R P Yes 2 Ch.. Engineer (TA) PG A7 14 A,R P Yes 3 Chemist (TA) UN A5 5 months A,R T No 4 Chemist (TA) PG A5 5 months A,R T No 5* Ch. Engineer (TA) PG A5 4 months A,R T No

WDD WATER RESOURCES DIVISION Technicians involved in Surface Water monitoring Person Employment Training in ID Position Education Scale Years of Service Role in Monotring status Monitoring 1 STIDH L A11 33 FM,S,HA P No 2 TSH L A7 39 FM,S,HA P No 6 TSH L A7 27 FM,S,HA P Yes 8 TSH L A7 17 S,R P No 9 TSH TS A7 15 FM,S,HA P No 12 TASH L E7 15 FM,HA,RE H No Technicians involved in Ground Water monitoring 1 STIDH L A11 33 WL,S,HA P No 2 TSH L A7 39 WL,S,HA P No 3 TGW TS A7 34 WL,S P No 4 TGW TS A7 32 WL,S P No 5 TGW L A7 12 WL,S,RE P No 6 TSH L A7 27 WL,S,HA P Yes 7 TGW L A7 10 WL,S P No 8 TGW L A7 17 WL,S,RE P No 9 TSH TS A7 15 WL,S,HA P No 10 TA L E7 15 WL,S H No

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11 TA L E7 15 WL,S H No 12 TASH L E7 15 WL,HA,RE H No 13 TA TS E7 4 WL,S,RE H No 14 TA TS A2 1 RE T No 15 TA PG A5 1 RE T No

STIDH: Senior Technical Inspector in Surface Hydrology TASH: Technical Assistant in Surface Hydrology TSH: Technician in Surface Hydrology TAGW: Technical Assistant in Ground Water TGW: Technician in Ground Water TA: Technical Assistant WL: Water Level FM: Flow Measurements HA: Hydrograph Analysis S: Sampling A: Samples Analysis R: Recording RE: Recording in "ENVIS" data bank UN: University degree PG: Post Graduate L: Lyceum TS: Technical School P: Permanent T: Temporary H: Hourly *At Asprokremmos Treatment Plant

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SGL Employment Training in Person ID Position Education Scale Years of Service Role in Monitoring status Monitoring 1 SC PG A13 37 Sector M/ger P Yes 2 C UN A12 24 Lab. M/ger P Yes 3 Chem Lab.T UN A9 16 Chem. Analysis P Yes 4 Chem Lab.T UN A5 5 Chem. Analysis P Yes 5 Chem Lab.T UN A5 3 Chem. Analysis P Yes 6 Chem Lab.T PG A5 2 Chem. Analysis P Yes 7 C PG A11 13 Lab. M/ger P Yes 8 C PG A9 20 Chem. Analysis P Yes 9 Chem Lab.T TS A9 35 Chem. Analysis P Yes 10 C UN A12 20 Lab. M/ger P Yes 11 Chem Lab.T TS A10 35 Chem. Analysis P Yes 12 Chem Lab.T UN A7 11 Biol. Analysis P Yes 13 Chem Lab.T PG A5 2 Biol. Analysis P Yes 14 M PG A12 24 Lab.MB M/ger P Yes 15 M UN A11 16 MB. Analysis P Yes 16 TM UN A5 3 MB. Analysis P Yes 17 IT UN A12 24 Computerisation P Yes

SC.: Senior Chemist C: Chemist M: Microbiologist TM: Technical Chem Lab.T: Chemical Lab Technician IT.: computerisation MB. Analysis: Microbiological Analysis

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DFMR Employment Training in Person ID Position Education Scale Years of Service Role in Monitoring status Monitoring 1 PG A13 33 Results evaluation P Yes 2 PG A11 17 S, A, evaluation P Yes 3 TS A7 36 S, A P Yes 4 L A7 15 S, A, R P Yes 5 L A7 33 S, A P Yes 6 UN E6 4 S, A H Yes 7 UN A2 1 S, A, R T Yes

S: Sampling A: Samples Analysis R: Recording UN: University degree PG: Post Graduate L: Lyceum TS: Technical School P: Permanent T: Temporary H: Hourly

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APPENDIX 4: EXISTING WATER MONITORING DUTIES OF TECHNICIANS OF WDD

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Groundwater Monitoring Duties of Technicians/Observers (60% Fieldwork, 40% Office work) 1. Groundwater level measurements on the basis of a defined program 2. Sampling for chemical/ other analyses on the basis of a defined program, registration of samples/dispatch to lab 3. Recording of pumping of groundwater and water meter reading 4. Legal control in relation to groundwater pumping – reporting to Police 5. Pumping tests for land subdivision 6. Well drilling permits investigations including site visits 7. Inspection of a well after drilling for control, numbering and registration 8. Registration on map of all existing wells without coordinates 9. Registration of new wells 10. Control for possible illegal wells and reporting to Police 11. Data preparation in electronic or other format for delivery to Data Bank 12. Check of data entries before storage in data bank

Surface water monitoring Duties of Technicians/Observers (40% Fieldwork, 60% Office work) 1. Weekly weir visits (summer) and daily (winter) for monitoring / maintenance 2. Updating of rating curves (velocity/flow rate vs water level) for each weir 3. Cleaning and maintenance of weir 4. Sampling of surface water at weir for chemical/ other analyses and sediment transport on the basis of a defined program, registration of sample, dispatch to lab 5. Sampling from other sites of stream for chemical/ other analyses on the basis of a defined program, registration of sample, dispatch to lab 6. Measurement and recording of yield from springs, sampling of water for chemical/ other analyses and sediment transport and recording of samples 7. Control along streambed for illegal diversions 8. Development of rating curve for the weir 9. Analysis of water level recorded on paper strip of weir, correction and translation into flow rate on the basis of the rating curve 10. Validation of rating curve 11. Runoff data preparation in electronic or other format for delivery to Data Bank 12. Check of data entries before storage in data bank

(Source: Internal Memo (WDD F.N: 66/71 18.7.02))

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APPENDIX 5: DATABASES AT THE BA’S

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APPENDIX 5 Databases at the BA’s

ENVIS DATABASE (owned by WDD and others) ENVIS (ENVironmental Information System) is a database developed for three beneficiary agencies: WDD, GSD and Meteorological Service by the USGS and the USAID. The project started in 2000. The database was originally developed in MsAccess under the window operating system but was soon too small to hold the large volume of the data. A conversion to MsAccess under MsSQL server took place in 2004 and it finished in 2005. Each BA has an SQL server. Every night, via frame relay lines, the three SQL servers are connected and the data transfer among them (replication). The WDD SQL server is at the WDD-Telemetry division. The district offices of WDD, except WDD Limassol District Office, have no access to Envis yet. None of the district offices enter data into the system. Direct access and data entry to Envis by the District Offices is in the pipeline. There is a link from GIS to connect to ENVIS.

The main menu of ENVIS is divided into four sections: a) Edit or create data, b) Generate reports and graphs, c) Export data, d) Administer/ Configure Envis. The data are divided into four sections: a) Groundwater (boreholes), b) Surface Water (springs, streams, weirs, dams, and ponds), c) Meteorology (precipitation, meteorological observations), d) Water Quality data (all site types).

Coding in Envis In ENVIS each stream, dam and spring, has a site–station number (for instance: 1-1-3-95). The first number is the Region, the second number is the Watershed, the third number is the Sub-Watershed and the forth number is a sequence assigned to the observation site. The above site number is used for groundwater in ENVIS too. Nevertheless, groundwater is more identified by the serial number. WDD uses a kind of serial number (for instance H4013-0123), where ‘’H’’ means borehole, the first number is the village number and the second number is the Hydrologic Number (HN). All boreholes have a HN which is a unique number for every Village or Town boundary. GSD uses another kind of serial number (for instance 1982/051), where the first number is the construction year of the borehole and the second number is an integer assigned to that site. In Envis there is also a unique number for groundwater sampling sites, called CIN (Chemical Identification Number). This is not available for surface waters.

TERSEPHANOU DATABASE (“Quality 1996-2006”)

At Tersephanou laboratory, data are stored in an MsAccess application (developed by WDD) and in MSExcel spreadsheets. The MsAccess database is mainly used to store full ionic analysis results and is in use since 1996. The database has space to store a number of parameters specific for operational control of water treatment plants. The database has no facility to store all the parameters analysed by the laboratory. For this reason the laboratory stores for example the analysis of heavy metals in Excel spreadsheets. These spreadsheets are also used for reporting.

Sample records supplied by WDD District Offices were entered into the database as a record of outstanding work (sample analyses). Unfortunately, due to shortage of personnel this part of the work was not completed. Due to staff

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shortages analyses of samples collected at monitoring sites other than the ones associated with Desalination Plants and Water Treatment Plants have been postponed. As a result the number of samples entered into the system is decreasing over the years.

The database is isolated in a PC at the Tersephanou lab. Other WDD District Offices/Divisions do not have access to the database. Data, information and reports are supplied to these offices on CD’s, floppies, by e-mail or hard copies.

The setup of the data model is not professional and the front-end (user interface) is not programmed according to common software development standards.

LIMS DATABASE at the STATE GENERAL LABORATORY The database used by the State General Laboratory (SGL) is called LIMS. It is an “in home application” and it is developed in Visual Fox pro 9. It contains the data from the individual laboratories and merges them into one table (the so called all-lims-data table). The total volume of the data for 10 years (22 labs) mounts to 1 GB. The SGL provided us LIMS database and three versions of LIMS data during the past 10 years (1997-2006): a version with data concerning samples from WDD only, a version with data concerning samples from WDD, DFMR and GSD and a version with data concerning all the water samples. Coding in LIMS Unfortunately it is not easy to identify a sample in LIMS. There is only a general description (e.g. village/town/the name of the dam etc) of the sampling point. Each sample receives a unique GLN (General Laboratory Number) for tracing it through the process of analysis and quality control. The GLN is the index in the LIMS database. This number doesn’t give any information about the data source or the sampling point. The WDD does not give a sample/site code. The analytical results for WDD can only be linked to a site through the village name and the name of the person delivering the sample.

LIFE PROJECT In the Life project (1996-2000) extensive chemical and biological analysis on surface waters was carried out. This analysis is stored in Excel spreadsheets. When the Life project started in 1996, LIMS was not ready for storage of these samples. For this reason not all Life project results are stored in LIMS.

AMOEBA DATABASE SGL uses one more database, AMOEBA. It is developed by Dick de Zwart, RIVM Netherlands. It is a useful database for analysis and interpretation of numerous complex data. All the data of the Life project are stored in AMOEBA too. So Life data can be obtained through the AMOEBA Access tables. There is no link between LIMS and AMOEBA and data have to be re-typed. This seriously limits the use of this analysis and presentation tool.

It should be noted that there are other Databases such as the Bathing Water Database, kept in other agencies having a role in water monitoring but in this appendix only those kept at the three Beneficiary Agencies are mentioned.

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APPENDIX 6: OVERVIEW OF EXISTING WATER MONITORING PROGRAMMES IN STANDARDIZED FORMS

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1. DIRECTIVE 75/440/EEC - REQUIRED QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER INTENDED FOR THE ABSTRACTION OF DRINKING WATER 2. DIRECTIVE 76/160/EEC - QUALITY OF BATHING WATER 3. DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - POLLUTION CAUSED BY CERTAIN DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES DISCHARGED INTO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT 4. COUNCIL DECISION 77/795/EEC - COMMON PROCEDURE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE FRESH WATER 5. DIRECTIVE 78/659/EEC - QUALITY OF FRESH WATERS NEEDING PROTECTION OR IMPROVEMENT IN ORDER TO SUPPORT FISH LIFE 6. DIRECTIVE 91/676/EEC - PROTECTION OF WATERS AGAINST POLLUTION CAUSED BY NITRATES FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES 7. MEDPOL - PHASE III PROGRAMME FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 8. INTERCALIBRATION EXERCISE FOR RIVERS AND LAKES 9. LIFE (LIFE95 TCY/CY/0868): “DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEM TO SUSTAIN THE QUALITY AND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF SURFACE WATER” 10. MONITORING OF SALT LAKES IN LARNAKA AND AKROTIRI - DFMR 11. MONITORING OF INFLOWS INTO THE AKROTIRI SALT LAKE - WDD 12. QUALITY OF RAIN WATER - GSD 13. GSD NATIONAL QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK – GROUND NETWORK – GSD 14. WATER FLOW AND WATER QUALITY OF SPRINGS (ISLAND –WIDE NETWORKS) - WDD 15. RIVERS: FLOWS, WATER LEVEL , WATER QUALITY AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS (ISLAND-WIDE NETWORKS) - WDD 16. WATER LEVEL OF CYPRUS DAMS – WDD 17. WATER LEVEL AND WATER QUALITY OF GROUND WATERS (ISLAND-WIDE NETWORKS) - WDD 18. WATER LEVEL OF GROUND WATERS - GSD 19. KARST PROJECT MONITORING NETWORK - GSD 20. MONITORING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE AQUIFER ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME FOR EZOUSA RIVER 21. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF AQUACULTURE REGULATIONS OF 2002

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DIRECTIVE 75/440/EEC - REQUIRED QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER INTENDED FOR THE ABSTRACTION OF DRINKING WATER

1. Name of the programme Directive 75/440/EEC – concerning the quality required of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date September 2003 – ongoing 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Cyprus. 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design = WDD together with SGL Sampling = WDD (sampling, unless specified in the analysis method, is done according to 1. ISO 5667:3:1994 – Water Quality sampling, Part 3, Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples, 2. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, chapter 1060: Collection and preservation of samples, 1992) Analysis = SGL - Some parameters are analyzed by Tersefanou Lab (WDD) Reporting = WDD. Report to be prepared by WDD and SGL. 5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known. 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) The program started in 2003 but since then it has been adjusted to include more locations, so the indication of yearly data volume is done according to the data from 2005. So, according to the results of 2005: No. of records = 8 (dams) + 12 (rivers) * around 40 * every 3 months (4 times per year) = 3200 The above is a rough estimation. 7. Number of sampling points 8 dams and 12 rivers that feed into these dams These are: Dams – Kalavasos, Lefkara, Dipotamos, Asprokremnos, Kouris, Evretou, Yermasogia, Polemidia Rivers – Garillis, Sirkatis, Kouris, Xeros, Stavros tis Psokas, Yermasogias, Vasilikos, Krios, Zygos, Diarizos, Lazarides, Milou 8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Surface water – dams and rivers

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9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) The Table 1 below describes all the parameters that are analysed according to the requirements of the Directive and according to the protocol of cooperation between the SGL and the WDD and also the responsibilities of each lab are listed. However, according to the results that we have not all the parameters below are examined each time a sampling and analysis campaign is performed. All the parameters below – for the purpose of the Directive 75/440/EEC are monitored every 3 months. In addition the Table 2 below lists the methods that are used for the analyses. Table 1 Parameters and responsibilities per laboratory WDD - Parameter SGL (02) SGL (06) SGL (10) SGL (15) Tersefanou 1 pH pH on site &lab pH in lab 2 Coloration (after simple filtration) 3 Total suspended solids TSS 4 Temperature Temp on site 5 Conductivity Conduct Conduct 6 Odour odour on site 7 Nitrates Nitrates (IC) 8 Fluorides Fluorides 9 Total exctractable chlorine 10 Dissolved iron Fe(ICP) 11 Manganese MN(ICP) 12 Copper Cu(AAS) 13 Zinc Zn(ICP) 14 Boron Boron (ICP) 15 Beryllium Be (ICP) 16 Cobalt Co(ICP) 17 Nickel Ni (AAS) 18 Vanadium V(ICP) 19 Arsenic Hydride gen. 20 Cadmium Cd(AAS) 21 Total chromium Cr(AAS) 22 Lead Pb(AAS) 23 Selenium Hydr gen. 24 Mercury AAS-cold vapour 25 Barium Ba(ICP) 26 Cyanide electrode 27 Sulphates Sulphates (IC) 28 Chlorides Chlorides (IC) Chlorides Surfactants (reacting with methyl 29 Surfactants blue) 30 Phosphates Phosphates Phenols (phenol index) 31 paranitraniline 4 Phenols aminoantipyrine

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WDD - Parameter SGL (02) SGL (06) SGL (10) SGL (15) Tersefanou Dissolved or emulsified 32 hydrocarbons (after Disl H/C extraction by petroleum ether)

33 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs

Total pesticides (parathion, BHC, 34 Total pest dieldrin)

35 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) COD

36 Dissolved oxygen saturation rate DO on site

Biochemical oxygen demand 37 (BOD5) (at 20°C without BOD nitrification)

Nitrogen by Kjeldahl method 38 N-Kjeldal (except No3) 39 Ammonia Ammonia Substances extractable with 40 Gen.Profil chloroform 41 Total organic carbon TOC ? Residual organic carbon after 42 flocculation and membrare Resid.Org.C?? filtration (5µ)TOC 43 Total coliforms 37°C Total col 44 Faecal coliforms Feacal col 45 Faecal streptococci Feacal strept 46 Salmonella Salmonela

Table 2 Parameters and method of analysis Sampling, unless specified in the analysis method is done according to: 1. ISO 5667:3: 1994-Water Quality sampling, Part3, Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples 2. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, chapter1060: Collection and preservation of samples, 1992 PARAMETER METHOD of ANALYSIS Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(19th edition 1 pH ,1998) APHA 4500-H, 1998

Coloration (after 2 simple filtration)

Total suspended 3 solids 4 Temperature Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(19th edition 5 Conductivity ,1998) APHA 2510-B, 1998 6 Odour Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(19th edition 7 Nitrates ,1998)

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PARAMETER METHOD of ANALYSIS APHA 4500-NO3-B, 1998 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(19th edition 8 Fluorides ,1998) APHA 4500-FC, 1998 Total 9 exctractable chlorine AAE-ICP: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (18th 10 Dissolved iron edition ,1992) AAE-ICP: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (18th 11 Manganese edition ,1992) AAS-Graphite: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 12 Copper (18th edition ,1992) AAE-ICP: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (18th 13 Zinc edition ,1992) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (19th edition 14 Boron ,1998) APHA 3120 B, 1998 AAE-ICP Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (18th 15 Beryllium edition ,1992) AAE-ICP Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (18th 16 Cobalt edition ,1992) AAS-Graphite: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 17 Nickel (18th edition ,1992) AAE-ICP Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (18th 18 Vanadium edition ,1992) 19 Arsenic Hydride Generator AAS-Graphite: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 20 Cadmium (18th edition ,1992) AAS-Graphite: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 21 Total chromium (18th edition ,1992) AAS-Graphite: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 22 Lead (18th edition ,1992) 23 Selenium Hydride generator AAS- Cold Vapour: Standard methods for the examination of water and 24 Mercury wastewater (18th edition ,1992) AAE-ICP: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (18th 25 Barium edition ,1992) Chapter 4500-CN Cyanide –Selective Electrode method : Standard methods for 26 Cyanide the examination of water and wastewater(18th edition ,1992) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (19th edition 27 Sulphates ,1998) APHA 4500 SO42 E, 1998

Detection limits of pesticides and PAH OPS=0.005-0.03ug/L GP= 8-17ug/L OCL/PCBs=0.001-0.010ug/L Phenylureas=0.050ug/L Triaz=0.005ug/L Alachlor=0.03ug/L PAHs surface=0.003-0.033ug/L Carbamates= 0,025ug/L VOCs= 0,0004-0,25ug/L

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10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance - Directive 75/440/EEC – concerning the quality required of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water National compliance – N. 106(I)/2002, Κ∆Π 506/2002 11. Means of storage/availability Digital excel/word Raw data and/or aggregates (mean)

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Figure 1: Dams that are monitored for Directive 75/440/EEC and the rivers that feed into them.

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Table 3: Co-ordinates of reservoirs and rivers sampling points Name Type Sampling Point East_WGS84 North_WGS84 Lefkara Dam Dam Center of Spillway (tower) 527.096 3.861.276 Dhypotamos Dam Dam Tower 532.954 3.856.750 Kalavasos Dam Dam Tower 523.982 3.851.325 Kouris Dam Dam Tower 492.737 3.842.962 Asprokremmos Dam Dam Tower 492.733 3.842.958 Main Road from Limassol to Troodos at old Bridge near Zygos (Limnatis) River Stream Alassa. Zygos (Limnatis) river is inflow to Kouris Dam 494.375 3.847.558 Main Road from Alassa to Lofou, 20 m West of the Kouris River Stream Bridge. Kouris River is inflow to Kouris Dam 491.884 3.847.564 Near Dhiarizos Tunnel. Kryos River is inflow to Kouris Kryos River Stream Dam 486.815 3.848.742 40m d/s of W.L.R. near Kryos. Dhiarizos Tunnel is inflow Dhiarizos Tunnel Stream (Diversion Tunnel) to Kouris Dam 486.929 3.848.716 Stavros tis Psokas River Stream W.L.R at Skarfos 454.894 3.868.359 Euretou Dam Dam Left side of the Embankment looking u/s from surface 452.006 3.870.610 Polemidhia Dam Dam Left side of the Embankment looking d/s from surface 499.046 3.841.894 Panayia Euagelistria Monasteri at W.L.R. Inflow to Garillis River Stream Polemidhia Dam 497.711 3.844.802 At W.L.R of Phinikaria. Germasogia River is inflow to Germasogia River Stream Germasogia Dam 509.271 3.847.334 Akrounta River Stream At W.L.R , is inflow to Germasogia Dam 507.660 3.846.417 Germasogia Dam Dam From Outlet- 200m lower of the Dam 507.745 3.844.378 Xeros River Stream 100m d/s of W.L.R 472.847 3.864.948 1 km u/s of Dhypotamos Dam at W.L.R. Inflow to Syrgatis River Stream Dhypotamos Dam 530.848 3.859.562 1 km u/s of Kalavasos Dam at W.L.R (Lagia). Inflow to Vasilikos River Stream Kalavasos Dam 522.072 3.852.899 At Kyprovasa, 2 km u/s of Lefkara Dam. Inflow to Lefkara Syrgatis River Stream Dam 524.427 3.862.888

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Name Type Sampling Point East_WGS84 North_WGS84 1 km u/s of Dhypotamos Dam at W.L.R. Inflow to Mylou River Stream Dhypotamos Dam 533.472 3.858.905 Kannaviou Dam Dam Outlet 462.163 3.865.119 Ezousa River Stream 100 m u/s of tail of the Dam. Inflow to Kannaviou Dam 464.474 3.866.563 Xeros River Stream W.L.R. at Phinikas. Inflow to Asprokremmos Dam 461.421 3.846.891

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DIRECTIVE 76/160/EEC - QUALITY OF BATHING WATER

1. Name of the programme Directive 76/160/EEC concerning the quality of bathing water 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date 2004 - ongoing (Period for 2004: 15th May – 31st October) 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Cyprus. 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Medical and Public Health Office in collaboration with the Environment Service Sampling: Medical and Public Health Office (there is no protocol for the sampling procedure, but the Medical Services’ staff that performs the sampling is trained for sampling techniques in general upon their employment) Analysis: State General Laboratory (Section F – Water, Drug and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory) Reporting: The Environmental Service is responsible for reporting the results to the EU. The results are also included in the report of the MED-POL phase III Programme, which is a responsibility of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research. 5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known. A rough estimation from the Medical Services for the sterilized bottles is that they cost to them around 4,000 Cypriot Pounds. 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) For year 2004, according to the report that was sent by the ES to EU is: 7700 no. Records = 100 loc x 7 no. Par x 11 (per. 15/5-31/10 i.e. every 15 days) 7. Number of sampling points 100 sampling points 8. Type of data: a. Coastal Water 9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) The Table 1 below describes all the parameters that are analysed according to the requirements of the Directive and according to the protocol of cooperation between the SGL and the GSD.

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Table 1:

Frequency* Parameter (Samples per year)

1. Microbiological Parameters 2 times per month

I. Total coliforms

II. Faecal coliforms

III. Enterococci Only for specific areas (blue flags)

2. Physico-chemical Parameters 2 times per month

I. Mineral oils**

II. Surface-active substances**

III. Phenols

IV. Color**

V. Transparency**

VI. Floating substances**

*For not complying parameters it has been executed more frequent sampling **Measured by optical observation (in situ) 10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (Bathing Water Quality Directive (76/160/EEC) International convention (MED-POL) National compliance (Κ∆Π 99/2000) 11. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel / Word

Figure 1: Bathing Waters that are monitored for Directive 76/160/EEC

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Table 2: Co-ordinates of bathing waters sampling points

Sampling East WGS84 North WGS84 Points 1 569926 3871124 2 570180 3871126 3 570890 3871131 4 574322 3869988 5 582285 3870026 6 583117 3870526 7 585318 3871101 8 586988 3871517 9 587216 3871550 10 587515 3872046 11 590076 3872071 12 588503 3872148 13 589392 3872033 14 589774 3871791 15 590357 3871796 16 591121 3871527 17 591829 3871719 18 592386 3871755 19 593433 3871119 20 594960 3870549 21 597610 3871717 22 597337 3873532 23 596561 3875064 24 596331 3875247 25 596125 3875460 26 595044 3877082 27 594735 3877541 28 593248 3879189 29 592048 3880132 30 595996 3875674 31 595352 3876746 32 563967 3871173 33 562983 3870580 34 562755 3870548 35 561769 3870048 36 561314 3869799 37 575773 3869353 38 559927 3868650 39 559425 3867938 40 558386 3863803 41 558336 3863618 42 558346 3862140 43 558398 3861893 44 558302 3860999 45 558227 3860783

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Sampling East WGS84 North WGS84 Points 46 558420 3858505 47 557161 3856803 48 555276 3853433 49 530950 3842846 50 531356 3843094 51 525053 3841596 52 524826 3841133 53 515364 3841020 54 515109 3841081 55 513964 3841203 56 512464 3840800 57 511905 3840676 58 511727 3840645 59 511320 3840552 60 510837 3840428 61 510277 3840181 62 509540 3839903 63 508752 3839471 64 508370 3839163 65 508091 3839009 66 507836 3838947 67 507556 3838916 68 506895 3838638 69 506692 3838576 70 506590 3838514 71 506234 3838391 72 505089 3837713 73 500917 3833060 74 500611 3831427 75 500535 3830596 76 489183 3835592 77 477753 3834750 78 474672 3834234 79 446925 3878065 80 445478 3877581 81 444009 3877774 82 442391 3878247 83 441683 3878436 84 440600 3879429 85 470386 3893916 86 469528 3894411 87 459556 3892602 88 441472 3857489 89 442409 3856959 90 443989 3853777 91 444540 3852480 92 445677 3847082 93 446459 3846091

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Sampling East WGS84 North WGS84 Points 94 446687 3845967 95 446915 3845688 96 447015 3845503 97 447392 3844792 98 447874 3844451 99 448964 3843890 100 465896 3835895

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DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - POLLUTION CAUSED BY CERTAIN DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES DISCHARGED INTO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

1. Name of the programme Directive 76/464/EEC of 4 May 1976 on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community. The basic objectives were to monitor the quality of waters in Cyprus for the dangerous substances and to obtain information of the compliance with existing national, EU and regional regulations.

2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date The year 2005 was the first time that monitoring has been performed for dangerous substances in coastal, surface and ground waters, as well as in industrial effluents.

However, monitoring for dangerous substances in inland waters was carried out within the framework of the pilot European Project (LIFE), between the years 1996-1998 and for a number of sampling points.

For coastal waters another sampling campaign was performed in summer 2006. The samples have been sent to SGL for analysis.

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment and Ministry of Health of the Republic of Cyprus.

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, Water Development Department, State General Laboratory and Environment Service Sampling: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research for coastal waters (and effluents in coastal waters), Water Development Department for inland surface and ground waters (and Environment Service is responsible for taking industrial effluents samples that flow to inland surface water) Analysis: State General Laboratory Reporting: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research for coastal waters and Water Development Department for surface and ground waters. However, Environment Service reports to EU questionnaires for the implementation of Directives 76/464/EEC and 80/68/EEC related to industrial emissions of dangerous in Water Bodies in Cyprus.

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5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth)

For Coastal Waters For year 2005: I. Water: 70 no. Records = 7 loc x 10 no. Par x 1 (per. May – June) II. Sediment: 21 no. Records = 7 loc x 3 no. Par x 1 (per. May – June) Surface and ground waters For year 2005: Surface waters I. Rivers : 79 no. Records = 3no.Loc x 18no.Par x 1 + 1no.Loc x 25no.Parx1 II. Dam: 18 no. Records = 1no.Loc x 18no.Par x 1 Ground waters I. 25 no. Records = 1no.Loc x 25no.Par x 1

No data are provided for the sampling and analyses of the industrial effluents that flow to inland waters (Environment Service’s responsibility).

7. Number of sampling points Coastal Waters 7 sampling points (Coastal Water) 7 sampling points (Sea sediment)

Total sampling points: 27

Surface and ground waters 5 sampling points (3 rivers, 1 dam, 1 drill)

8. Type of data: a. Coastal Water b. Sediments c. Surface water d. Ground water

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9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

Coastal Waters

Frequency Parameter (Samples per year)

Sea Water: Once per year (May – June) Tetrachloromethane, DDT, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexaclorobutadiene, Chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethane, Tetrachlorethylene, Trichlorobenzene, Hexachlorocyclohexane

Sediment: Once per year (May – June) Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Hexachlorocyclohexane

Surface and ground waters The following parameters have been analyzed once:

Tetracloromethane + 1,1 dicloropropane, DDT, Pentachlorophenol, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrine, Isodrine, Hexachlorobenzene, Hexaclorobutadiene, Chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, Tetrachlorethylene + 1,3 dicloropropane, 1,2,4 –Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3 –Trichlorobenzene, Hexachlorocyclohexane, Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn), Borane (Bo), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb)

No data for industrial effluents that flow to inland waters (Environment Service’s responsibility).

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (Directive (76/464/EE) National compliance (Regulation 8/2001)

11. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel / Word

12. Notes The coordinates of the above mentioned sampling points are not provided (please note that co-ords for the ground and inland surface waters are available at and could be obtained from WDD). The DFMR includes these results in Med-Pol report.

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13. Results from Surface and Ground water sampling

Bridge Ag. Ezousa Garillis Polemidia Drill Limits Parameters Marinouda River River Dam Pitsillides (µg/L)

Tetracloromethane + traces traces 0,0105 0,0123 1,1 dicloropropane (0,0099) (0,0266)

DDT <0,003 <0,003 <0,003 <0,003 <0,003 10 Pentachlorophenol - - - - - 2 Aldrin <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 10 Dieldrin <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 10 Endrine <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 5 Isodrine - - - - - 5

Hexachlorobenzene <0,0003 <0,0003 <0,0003 <0,0003 <0,0003 0,03

Hexaclorobutadiene 0,013 0,0039 0,002 0,037 0,001 0,1

traces traces traces traces Chloroform 0,013 12 (0,0329) (0,031) (0,0097) (0,365)

1,2-dichloroethane 0,002 <0,025 <0,025 <0,025 <0,025 10

1,1,1-trichloroethane <0,003 0,0046 0,0054 0,0072 0,0056 10

Tetrachlorethylene + traces traces traces <0,0004 0,289 1,3 dicloropropane (0,0034) (0,0035) (0,0023)

1,2,4 – 0,013 0,0032 0,0034 <0,002 <0,002 0,4 Trichlorobenzene

1,2,3 – 0,0153 0,00352 0,053 0,073 0,001 0,4 Trichlorobenzene

Hexachlorocyclohexane 0,009 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001

Mercury (Hg) 1,8 <0,2 <0,2 <0,2 <0,2 1

Cadmium (Cd) 0,38 <0,2 <0,2 <0,2 <0,2 1

Chromium (Cr) <5 <5

Nickel (Ni) <5 <5

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Cobalt (Co) <5 <5

Zinc (Zn) <5 7,5

Borane (Bo) 1012 302

Copper (Cu) <5 5,5

Lead (Pb) <1 -

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COUNCIL DECISION 77/795/EEC - COMMON PROCEDURE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE FRESH WATER

1. Name of the programme Council Decision 77/795/EEC of 12 December 1977 establishing a common procedure for the exchange of information on the quality of surface fresh water in the Community, which has been amended by 86/574/EEC Council Decision of 24 November 1986 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date 2004-2007

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment and Ministry of Health of the Republic of Cyprus.

4. Executing organization (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Water Development Department Flow measurements: Water Development Department Sampling: Geological Survey Department Analysis: State General Laboratory Reporting: Official Reporting Authority (for EU requirements): Water Development Department. However, the Environment Service has undertaken to do the reporting. 5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known. 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth)

Year 2004 Xeros 15 no Records = 1noLoc x 7noPar x 1 + 1noLoc x 1noPar x 8 Kourris 17 no Records = 1noLoc x 9noPar x 1 + 1noLoc x 1noPar x 8

Year 2005 Xeros 19 no Records = 1noLoc x 19noPar x 1 Kourris 116 no Records = 1noLoc x 18-21noPar x 6

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Year 2006 According to the letter from SGL to GSD about sampling scheduling of 77/795/EEC for year 2006, 10 dates for sampling are organised in order for 2

parameters (BOD5 and COD) to be analyzed. 7. Number of monitoring sites 2 monitoring sites (river flows, water quality) 8. Type of data: a. Rivers (Xeros, Kourris) 9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) For year 2004, the analysis of 21 parameters for 9 times was programmed during the year. According to the ES report for Xeros River 6 parameters were analyzed once, except flow rate, which was measured 9 times as per 2004 programme and for Kourris River 8 parameters were analyzed once, except flow rate, which was measured 9 times as per 2004 programme.

For year 2005 for Xeros River 19 parameters were analyzed once, although six sampling and analysis campaigns were planned initially. For Kourris River 18-21 parameters were analyzed 6 times as originally planned.

Table 1

Parameter Method of Measurement

Physical

Rate of flow at time sampling Gauging station

Temperature Thermometry (in situ) pH Electrometry (in situ)

Conductivity at 20 °C Electrometry

Chemical

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Parameter Method of Measurement

Chlorides MAS

Nitrates MAS

Ammonia MAS

Dissolved oxygen Elecrochemical method (Winkler’s method)

BOD5 Determination of dissolved oxygen before and after five day incubation at 20±1ºC

COD Potassium dichromate method

Total phosphorus MAS

Surfactants reacting to MAS methylene blue

Total cadmium AAS

Mercury Flameless AAS

Microbiological

Faecal coliforms Culture at 44ºC on an appropriate specific solid medium with or without filtration and colony count (American Public Health Association, 9223/98 “Enzyme substrate coliform Test”)

Total coliforms Culture at 37ºC on an appropriate specific solid medium with or without filtration and colony count (American Public Health Association, 9223/98 “Enzyme substrate coliform Test”)

Faecal streptococci Culture at 37ºC on an appropriate specific solid medium with or without filtration and colony count (ISO 7899-2:2000 “Water quality-Detection and enumeration of intestinal enterococci – Part 2: Membrane filtration method)

Salmonella Concentration by filtration

Toxic tests

Microtox

Algaltotest

Daphtoxtest

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (Decision 77/795/EEC, Decision 86/574/EEC) National compliance (Κ∆Π 506/2002)

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11. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel / Word ENVIS

Figure 1: River Waters that are monitored for Decision 77/795/EEC

Table 2: Co-ordinates of monitoring sites

RIVER LOCATION East WGS84 North WGS84

XEROS FOINIKAS 461470 3846820 KOURIS U/S KOURIS DAM 491670 3849020

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DIRECTIVE 78/659/EEC - QUALITY OF FRESH WATERS NEEDING PROTECTION OR IMPROVEMENT IN ORDER TO SUPPORT FISH LIFE

1. Name of the programme Directive 78/659/EEC concerning the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life. (amended by Council Directive 91/692/EEC (further amended by Council Regulation 1882/2003/EC), and Council Regulation 807/2003/EC) 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date 2005 – ongoing (In 2004 we received results for 5 dams that are the same results (values, dates, dams) as those that are monitored for Directive 75/440/EEC, so it is assumed that the monitoring programme specific for the needs and requirements of Directive 78/659/EEC started in 2005)

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment and Ministry of Health of the Republic of Cyprus.

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Water Development Department, Department of Fisheries and Marine Research and State General Laboratory Sampling: Water Development Department and Department of Fisheries and Marine Research Sampling is shared between WDD and DFMR depending on which Department’s personnel is in the area on the date that the sampling should be carried out. Analysis: State General Laboratory and Water Development Department (Tersefanou Laboratory) Reporting: (no report has been prepared yet to the EU)

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) For year 2005, according to results provided by the SGL we have: For large dams

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10 dams (large) x 13 no. Par x 10 times per year (once every month apart from August and December) = 1300 records For small dams 12 dams (small) x 7 no. Par x 1 time per year = 84 records

Note: - for some months some parameters might be missing, although there is a relative consistency in the parameters analysed in the results that we have - 6 small dams (Kafizis, Lefka, Kalopanagiotis, Prodromos, Vyzakia, Tamasos) were sampled twice in 2005.

For 2006, monitoring campaigns for the above dams have been scheduled, almost once a month (apart from August)

7. Number of sampling points

22 sampling points (10 large dams and 12 small dams) The large dams are the following: Kalavasos, Lefkara, Dipotamos, Evretou, Yermasogia, Asprokremnos, Kourris, Arminou, Xyliatou, Palaichori The small dams are the following: Kafizis, Lefka, Kalopanagiotis, Prodromos, Vyzakia, Tamasos, Achna, Lymbia, Pomos, Ag. Marina, Argaka, Mavrokolibos

8. Type of data: a. Surface waters - dams

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

Table 1:

Parameter Frequency

Temperature appr. once a month

Dis. Oxygen (mg/l – O2) appr. once a month

pH appr. once a month

Suspended solids (mg/l –SS) appr. once a month

BOD5 (mg/l) appr. once a month

Total P (mg/l) appr. once a month

Nitrites (mg/l – NO2) appr. once a month

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Ammonia (mg/l – NH4) appr. once a month

Total Zn (µg/l) appr. once a month

Dissolved Copper (µg/l) appr. once a month

Alb. Nitrogen (mg/l) appr. once a month

NH4+ (mg/l) appr. once a month

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (Directive 78/659/EEC) National compliance (Κ∆Π 10/2001)

11. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel / Word

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Figure 1: Dams that are monitored for Directive 76/160/EEC

Large dams

Small dams

The dams that are missing from the above figure are: Arminou (large) and Kafizis + Prodromos (small) WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 29

Framework Conditions Report Appendix 6

DIRECTIVE 91/676/EEC - PROTECTION OF WATERS AGAINST POLLUTION CAUSED BY NITRATES FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES

1. Name of the programme Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources – No 1: GROUND WATERS 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date 2000 – Still operational (in 2004 the monitoring program was revised and from the initial 279 monitoring locations, they were reduced to 218). Thus, the current network is the optimization product of the Nitropollution Project Network (2001-2003).

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Geological Survey Department in cooperation with WDD (according to Κ.∆.Π. 707/2004) (design, sampling, analyses, compilation of the report) for ground waters and the Environment Service is responsible for sending the final report to the EU. 5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x no Depth) No of locations = 218, No of parameters = 2, Frequency = twice per year No of records = 218 * 2 * 2 = 872 7. Number of sampling points 218 8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Groundwater (mainly boreholes)

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

Frequency Parameter (samples per year)

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NO2, NO3, pH, conductivity 2 times per year

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources)

11. Means of storage/availability ENVIS database

12. OTHER NOTES a) The sampling points – locations for the purpose of this monitoring programme have been integrated (i.e. the sampling points – locations are the same) to the GSD-National Qualitative Network for ground waters in 2004 and onwards.

b) Information from the GSD is that the technicians for sampling are undergone proper training, the great majority of which hold a higher education or university degree. QA and QC procedures are followed throughout by implementing proper sampling sample handling and data collection practices.

c) Samples are collected and delivered to the lab the same day. A sample chain of custody logbook is maintained throughout the procedure. After the results are released by the lab, QC procedures are followed prior and after entering of the data in to the department’s SQL database (EnvIS).

d) Detection Limits Lab Measurements: NO3: 0.07ppm, NO2: ----

e) For field measurements instruments, are calibrated prior to each campaign and according to the manufacturers manual.

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Figure 1: Sampling points

Nitrates initial locations (2000-2004) Nitrates revised locations (2004 - )

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Table 1: Co-ordinates of sampling points

Site ID Serial number E N District 4977 H3110-0461 5763123877261 Ammochostos District 4978 H3100-0453 5863723871681 Ammochostos District 4980 H3100-0609 5947023871000 Ammochostos District 4982 H3101-0318 5955073876006 Ammochostos District 4983 H3101-0382 5974523872666 Ammochostos District 4984 H3101-0607 5917873878626 Ammochostos District 4981 H3104-1479 5817923873491 Ammochostos District 4985 H3105-1071 5824723876646 Ammochostos District 4986 H4307-0054 5370023847071 Larnaka District 403 1974/023 5375323846281 Larnaka District 14213 H4307-030 5358103848900 Larnaka District 1956 1985/136 5437723858771 Larnaka District 2494 1989/010 5211423860711 Larnaka District 1959 1985/139 5547623867841 Larnaka District 3017 1992/V03 5308023861661 Larnaka District 3515 1997/V09 5288123856461 Larnaka District 1035 1979/101 5273923847036 Larnaka District 3730 1999/066 5264423845271 Larnaka District 3000 1992/087 5487623866901 Larnaka District 2538 1989/054 5563123872061 Larnaka District 2426 1988/093 5459323855441 Larnaka District 4547 H4110-0331 5533773856211 Larnaka District 4074 1967/023 5490623860703 Larnaka District 1633 1983/178 5379323856671 Larnaka District 3559 1998/032 5234223855321 Larnaka District 3603 1998/076 5341573844671 Larnaka District 2629 1990/023 5141323858491 Larnaka District 2440 1988/107 5126223858941 Larnaka District 2102 1986/121 5400223857151 Larnaka District 4991 H4105-0006 5703413875050 Larnaka District 4990 H4107-0338 5780273871651 Larnaka District 14239 H4107-1128 5772853872770 Larnaka District 14172 2004/F003 5818703869120 Larnaka District 2438 1988/105 5138523861681 Larnaka District 927 1978/147 5183123857751 Larnaka District 4988 H4106-1147 5706873872991 Larnaka District 9362 1949/008 5737553871794 Larnaka District 4993 H4111-0215 5541723855751 Larnaka District 14148 H4111-275 5521703854020 Larnaka District 1666 1984/018 5405723864021 Larnaka District 3783 2000/020 5376823858971 Larnaka District 4160 H4113-0008 5510073854701 Larnaka District 3366 1996/038 5305723851301 Larnaka District 1778 1984/131 5033223878301 Lefkosia District 3447 1997/032 5187023882686 Lefkosia District 2852 1991/094 5108273871631 Lefkosia District

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756 1977/095 5106723872211 Lefkosia District 1455 1982/150 4937203878580 Lefkosia District 2568 1989/250 5163123880681 Lefkosia District 3321 1995/V08 5149323878341 Lefkosia District 3593 1998/066 5095523887431 Lefkosia District 3598 1998/071 5096123888061 Lefkosia District 4975 H1360-0020 5117953888800 Lefkosia District 1348 1982/043 5140923890651 Lefkosia District 3100 1993/079 5026623867361 Lefkosia District 3700 1999/036 5046323865221 Lefkosia District 3365 1996/037 5196023880471 Lefkosia District 3384 1996/056 5186523877866 Lefkosia District 3717 1999/053 5063923866421 Lefkosia District 4976 H1362-0032 5013333888650 Lefkosia District 1576 1983/121 5046823889621 Lefkosia District 980 1979/046 5046903888300 Lefkosia District 13296 H1362-0042 5018703887740 Lefkosia District 2163 1987/009 5020973887486 Lefkosia District 1021 1979/087 4888573871401 Lefkosia District 3396 1996/090 4895823871916 Lefkosia District 3214 1994/070 5381123882666 Lefkosia District 3633 1998/106 5343823888466 Lefkosia District 2759 1991/001 5363773881631 Lefkosia District 1923 1985/103 5379873881461 Lefkosia District 3300 1995/053 5212923877701 Lefkosia District 3817 2000/054 4910903876015 Lefkosia District 2641 1990/035 4914623876911 Lefkosia District 2095 1986/114 4898073873836 Lefkosia District 2142 1986/161 4840973872126 Lefkosia District 2753 1990/147 5118573862601 Lefkosia District 3332 1996/004 5229523872181 Lefkosia District 2240 1987/086 4981923870821 Lefkosia District 2316 1987/162 5234923871311 Lefkosia District 3412 1996/V08 5279623873501 Lefkosia District 3340 1996/012 4983323884451 Lefkosia District 5024 1947/042 5056733889906 Lefkosia District 1506 1983/050 5153773874471 Lefkosia District 3345 1996/017 5181823873351 Lefkosia District 2323 1987/169 5158373891676 Lefkosia District 14150 H1410-0055 4894303878200 Lefkosia District 1012 1979/078 5315853874010 Lefkosia District 1104 1980/053 5007223869051 Lefkosia District 4049 1966/006 5307023870401 Lefkosia District 4012 1963/007 5298773868416 Lefkosia District 3315 1995/V02 5184823891801 Lefkosia District 1921 1985/101 5293973875816 Lefkosia District 1949 1985/129 5114823875806 Lefkosia District 3363 1996/035 4773623868121 Lefkosia District 4047 1965/145 5347173875196 Lefkosia District

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3748 1999/084 4969423877721 Lefkosia District 4005 1962/006 5082453885450 Lefkosia District 5023 1939/014 5184333887996 Lefkosia District 838 1978/048 5250223889041 Lefkosia District 3121 1993/100 5165523884296 Lefkosia District 1214 1981/017 5168623885871 Lefkosia District 1015 1979/081 5079773865116 Lefkosia District 3169 1994/025 5099573865431 Lefkosia District 13332 2002/095 5241853878370 Lefkosia District 965 1979/031 5074323888271 Lefkosia District 1121 1980/070 5074923888651 Lefkosia District 882 1978/100 5079523886696 Lefkosia District 3172 1994/028 5085223886471 Lefkosia District 3438 1997/023 5070123887711 Lefkosia District 3898 2001/013 5065173890856 Lefkosia District 4004 1961/178 5070123886501 Lefkosia District 3294 1995/047 5207223874301 Lefkosia District 3878 2000/V02 5033523884796 Lefkosia District 2798 1991/040 4897123876316 Lefkosia District 11143 2002/V05 4765603872050 Lefkosia District 2219 1987/065 4752323876261 Lefkosia District 1767 1984/120 5297473882736 Lefkosia District 990 1979/056 5127823863616 Lefkosia District 3473 1997/058 5155023868291 Lefkosia District 3670 1999/006 4903423880571 Lefkosia District 1242 1981/045 5240073880876 Lefkosia District 3400 1996/094 5026473862256 Lemesos District 1205 1981/008 5068723858711 Lemesos District 662 1976/123 5057053858235 Lemesos District 715 1977/053 4959423856401 Lemesos District 3485 1997/070 4993823865391 Lemesos District 602 1976/063 5009153864145 Lemesos District 4771 1937/003 4949003833370 Lemesos District 2692 1990/086 4762823843931 Lemesos District 3884 2000/V08 5074523856091 Lemesos District 1915 1985/095 5212723849936 Lemesos District 4772 1959/168 4957323833521 Lemesos District 4775 1959/175 4954333832461 Lemesos District 2021 1986/040 4777923837831 Lemesos District 2146 1986/165 4789723839421 Lemesos District 1869 1985/049 5080873842561 Lemesos District 1296 1981/099 5079973842056 Lemesos District 245 1972/025 5082673840901 Lemesos District 1500 1983/044 5016623837311 Lemesos District 2990 1992/077 5041023838121 Lemesos District 3919 2001/034 5098623855131 Lemesos District 2592 1989/274 4981273864421 Lemesos District 77 EB071 4903123835861 Lemesos District 1640 1983/185 4912923835291 Lemesos District

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1870 1985/050 5139223855981 Lemesos District 2451 1988/118 5024503857670 Lemesos District 2712 1990/106 5007223854141 Lemesos District 3845 2000/082 5047823856756 Lemesos District 1721 1984/073 4914723839631 Lemesos District 2751 1990/145 4933623866491 Lemesos District 3448 1997/033 4940173862771 Lemesos District 3476 1997/061 5007273862151 Lemesos District 2504 1989/020 5151723852911 Lemesos District 3442 1997/027 5167423854171 Lemesos District 750 1977/089 4876023855991 Lemesos District 103 EB097 4947223834471 Lemesos District 5026 1937/013 4936933834351 Lemesos District 234 1972/014 4935373835651 Lemesos District 432 1974/069 4913223857141 Lemesos District 1761 1984/114 5185123844821 Lemesos District 2857 1991/099 4839723866161 Lemesos District 5027 1969/001 4812083836401 Lemesos District 2403 1988/070 4815923838321 Lemesos District 1266 1981/069 4963473862791 Lemesos District 593 1976/053 4970873860831 Lemesos District 4994 H5227-0108 4712323836841 Lemesos District 2931 1992/018 4733123841451 Lemesos District 606 1976/067 4994723862021 Lemesos District 2312 1987/158 4990373863261 Lemesos District 1667 1984/019 5162423845641 Lemesos District 3651 1998/V01 5178023846651 Lemesos District 3719 1999/055 5169573851526 Lemesos District 3653 1998/V03 4898223854021 Lemesos District 3811 2000/048 4872723840891 Lemesos District 4877 1958/120 4971843834240 Lemesos District 1791 1984/146 4811923866611 Lemesos District 13144 H5000.7-1526 5006103836690 Lemesos District 2738 1990/132 4851423861651 Lemesos District 2422 1988/089 4999773866226 Lemesos District 4996 H6106-3129 4537723845041 Pafos District 2534 1989/050 4564523886431 Pafos District 13151 H6355-1223 4449803875370 Pafos District 3514 1997/V08 4543123880221 Pafos District 8923 P0180 4516003880540 Pafos District 5077 1965/140 4519323880221 Pafos District 14037 W1993/0264 4538383851436 Pafos District 427 1974/056 4514003843740 Pafos District 5006 H6364-0192 4544423883976 Pafos District 5009 H6331-1449 4526223863441 Pafos District 9207 P1811 4523173863916 Pafos District 1354 1982/049 4425523862101 Pafos District 1185 1980/134 4396323860811 Pafos District 5001 H6133-1803 4402023858861 Pafos District

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190 PB043 4390363862141 Pafos District 205 PB057 4485803863280 Pafos District 3138 1993/V01 4548923854081 Pafos District 12218 H6027-1558 4454113854072 Pafos District 678 1977/015 4440123856076 Pafos District 13146 W1992/0365 4494003856660 Pafos District 3355 1996/027 4587603841040 Pafos District 1935 1985/115 4470023867911 Pafos District 3540 1998/013 4539223877021 Pafos District 3140 1993/V03 4565023854551 Pafos District 5000 H6339-1489 4513423867981 Pafos District 845 1978/055 4514223867071 Pafos District 2374 1988/041 4565453888141 Pafos District 270 1972/051 4610673842221 Pafos District 5002 H6343.1-0329 4484623878381 Pafos District 5003 H6343.1-0322 4493173878736 Pafos District 5004 H6343.1-0340 4474723877691 Pafos District 3445 1997/030 4476823876121 Pafos District 570 1976/026 4641563844798 Pafos District 4744 2001/V02 4525203858841 Pafos District 4743 2001/V01 4524733856451 Pafos District 2587 1989/269 4613323846400 Pafos District 4999 H6020-0753 4448903851167 Pafos District 1090 1980/039 4499823871341 Pafos District 504 1975/059 4482273874305 Pafos District

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1. Name of the programme Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources – No 2: INLAND SURFACE WATERS 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date 2000 – Still operational 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Geological Survey Department in cooperation with WDD (according to Regulation 707/2004) (design, sampling, analyses, compilation of their part in the report) for inland surface waters and the Environment Service is responsible for sending the final report to the EU.

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x no Depth) No of locations = 9, No of parameters = 2, Frequency = once every month No of records = 9 * 2 * 12 = 216 7. Number of sampling points 9 for inland surface waters 8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Inland Surface water (rivers and streams) 9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

Frequency Parameter (samples per year)

NO2, NO3, pH, conductivity once every month

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources)

11. Means of storage/availability ENVIS database

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12. OTHER NOTES

a) Information from the GSD is that the technicians for sampling are undergone proper training, the great majority of which hold a higher education or university degree. QA and QC procedures are followed throughout by implementing proper sampling sample handling and data collection practices.

b) Samples are collected and delivered to the lab the same day. A sample chain of custody logbook is maintained throughout the procedure. After the results are released by the lab, QC procedures are followed prior and after entering of the data in to the department’s SQL database (EnvIS).

c) Detection Limits Lab Measurements: NO3: 0.07ppm, NO2: ----

d) For field measurements instruments, are calibrated prior to each campaign and according to the manufacturers manual.

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Sampling locations

#

# #

#

#

# # # #

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Table 1: Co-ordinates of sampling points

ID E N SITE_ID STREAM LOCATION

3-3-4-95 489170 3883220 2000032 KARGOTIS SKOURIOTIS

3-3-3-95 490570 3877120 2000031 KARGOTIS EVRYCHOU 2-2-8-95 447170 3877520 2000016 CHRYSOCHOU COAST 2-2-3-95 449670 3870720 2000013 CHRYSOCHOU SKOULLI 9-6-7-75 494070 3846920 2000077 LIMNATIS (ZYGOS) ALASSA 9-6-2-90 491070 3847220 2000071 KRYOS ALASA 9-6-4-90 491670 3849020 2000073 KOURIS U/S KOURIS

8-4-5-30 548870 3861320 2000052 TREMITHIOS KLAVDIA

8-9-5-40 522070 3852920 2000064 VASILIKOS LAGEIA 2-2-8-95 447170 3877520 2000016 CHRYSOCHOU COAST 9-6-7-75 494070 3846920 2000077 LIMNATIS (ZYGOS) ALASSA 9-6-2-90 491070 3847220 2000071 KRYOS ALASA 9-6-4-90 491670 3849020 2000073 KOURIS U/S KOURIS

8-9-5-40 522070 3852920 2000064 VASILIKOS LAGEIA

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1. Name of the programme Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources – No 3: COASTAL WATERS 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date 2000 – Still operational 3. Funding organization Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Department of Fisheries and Marine Research for coastal waters (design, sampling, analyses, and compilation of their part in the report) in collaboration with the Geological Survey Department that is responsible for inland surface waters and ground waters and the Environment Service responsible for sending the final report to the EU. 5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x no Depth) No of locations = 11 No. of parameters = 2, Frequency = 4 times per year (until 2003) and then 2 times per year

No of records = 11 * 2 * 2= 44 7. Number of sampling points No of locations = 11 8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Coastal Waters 9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

Frequency Parameter (samples per year)

Nutrients - NO2, NO3, Chl-a 2 times per year

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources)

11. Means of storage/availability

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Excel files

12. OTHER NOTES The marine monitoring network is integrated in order to include monitoring for all purposes.

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Figure 1: Sampling locations

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Table 1: Co-ordinates of sampling points

ID AREA EAST NORTH CY 3 - St 1 AMMOCHOSTOS 33.53846 34.57710 CY 3 - St 3 AMMOCHOSTOS 33.53404 34.57283 CY 3 - NP 4 AMMOCHOSTOS 33.54635 34.58501 CY 3 - NP 6 AMMOCHOSTOS 33.56190 34.58808 CY 3 - NP 10 AMMOCHOSTOS 33.58191 34.59119 CY 3 - NP 13 AMMOCHOSTOS 34.05460 35.03162

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MEDPOL - PHASE III PROGRAMME FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

1. Name of the programme The general objective of the MED POL National Monitoring Program of Cyprus is to monitor the quality of coastal waters and to obtain information on the degree of compliance with existing national, regional and EU regulations. Specifically, it is focus on the State and Trend Monitoring, including the monitoring of land-based sources, hot-spot areas and dynamics of coastal waters nutrients and chlorophyll- a. It also includes compliance monitoring of industrial effluents and recreational waters. 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date Started from the beginning of Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), followed the different phases of MED POL and in 2005 was revised and updated. The Program is still operational. 3. Funding organization DFMR, MEDPOL 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research Sampling: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research Analysis: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research Reporting: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research

5. Budget indication (MEDPOL 15.000 Euro per year) 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) For year 2005: no Records = no.Loc x no. Par x Frequency + no.Loc x 1 no. Par x 1)

7. Number of sampling points 13 sampling points for effluents (twice a year) a. 5 sampling points (nutrients, BOD, COD, TP,TSS) b. 5 sampling points (nutrients, DO) c. 1 sampling point (TSS, Pb, Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn) d. 2 sampling points (Salinity, conductivity, Pb, Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn) 3 sampling points: (once a year) (heavy metals and halogenated hydrocarbons in fish)

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40 sampling points: (3 times per year) (nutrients, chlorophyll-a) 16 sampling stations, including 3 sampling points (surface, at Chl-a max depth and at lower depth), i.e. 48 sampling points (3 times per year) (nutrients, TP, TN, DO, Chl-a, Sal, T°C) Total sampling points: 107

8. Type of data: a. Coastal Waters b. Effluents

9. Programme serves the following use (objective): International convention (MED-POL) National compliance General Regulation for Aquacultures (2002)

10. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel / Word

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INTERCALIBRATION EXERCISE FOR RIVERS AND LAKES

1. Name of the programme Intercalibration exercise for rivers 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date 11/2005 to 04/2006 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Water Development Department and CNR-ISRA Sampling: CNR-ISRA and Water Development Department (For the analysis of biological parameters the sampling is performed by CNR-ISRA, for the physicochemical parameters the sampling is performed by WDD and ANR-ISRA) Biological sampling has been carried out according to a multihabitat proportional technique, following the design of the AQEM method, with reference to the south European streams and agrees with the CEN standard sampling method (Document CEN/ TC 230N 0503). Analysis: Private laboratories (FOODLAB Ltd and Aristos Loukaides LAB) for the

parameters NH4, Tot-P, BOD5, COD, E.Coli), for few samples the SGL made the

analyses for them (parameters of E.Coli, BOD5 and COD) From the Physicochemical parameters, some of them are measured on the field campaign (in situ), such as T, DO, conductivity and some others are analyzed in

Tersefanou Lab, such as pH, conductivity, NO3, Cl. Reporting: CNR-ISRA in collaboration with Water Development Department

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth)

The programme lasted for 6 months. The indication of MONTLY data volume is:

254 no Records = 14 locations x 11 parameters * 1 time per month For the sampling of the biological parameters, a total of 20 sampling units from the 14 investigated sites are collected and distributed according to microhabitats percentage of occurrence. The analysis of the biological parameters reaches the family level. Thus, the number of records is more than the estimation above.

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7. Number of sampling points 14 sampling sites

8. Type of data: a. Surface waters - rivers (physicochemical and biological parameters)

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

NH4 Tot-P BOD5 COD E.Coli T DO Conductivity pH, NO3 Cl Biological parameters (macroinvertebrates) at family level

All the above were measured once a month, for duration of 6 months except the biological parameters, which were analyzed twice (November 2005 and April 2006)

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (intercalibration exercise)

11. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel / Word

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Figure 1: Rivers that were monitored

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Table 1: Co-ordinates of sampling points

River Site name / Village N E Marathasa Moutoullas 3871070 0484538 Kargotis Evrychou u/s weir 3877737 0490488 Kargotis Galata u/s weir 3872798 0491914 Agios Nikolaos (Kargotis) 500m u/s old point Kakopetria 3871430 0490434

Agios Nikolaos (Kargotis) 300m d/s bridge Kakopetria u/s weir 3870780 0489986

Agios Nikolaos (Kargotis) 500m u/s old point Kakopetria u/s fishfarm 3869660 0490142

Kouris 500m of old point d/s Kato Amiantos 3863749 0494655 Kouris near the Bridge main Road Kato Amiantos 3864352 0494150 Kryos Koilani 3855497 0489986 Diarizos Kidasi 600d/s bridge 3852736 0474147 Diarizos u/s dam 3860804 0476982 Xeropotamos Lazarides d/s weir 3865457 0472880 Rotsos ton Laudion 500m u/s Xeropotamos of point 12 3857133 0469268 Xeropotamos 1km d/s of point 12 3856423 0468630 Gialia u/s weir (Pochalantra) 3882765 0459206 Stavros tis Psokas Skarfos 50m u/s bridge 3868586 0455026

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1. Name of the programme Intercalibration exercise for lakes 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date 06/2005 to 09/2005

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment and Ministry of Health of the Republic of Cyprus. 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: State General Laboratory in collaboration with Water Development Department Sampling: Water Development Department (During the sampling measurements were taken on Secchi depth – sampling depth, temperature (water and air), oxygen and conductivity) – [Integrated samples, based on samples taken at every meter along the whole photic layer ( 2.5* SD – Secchi disk ) , Volume of integrated sample : 1 – 2 liters] Analysis: State General Laboratory (Total alkalinity, Total phosphorus, Nitrate, Ammonium, pH, Chlorophyll-α) Laboratory Cedex (Total phytoplankton biovolume, % cyanobacteria, catalan index) Reporting: SGL

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth)

The programme lasted for 4 months. The indication of MONTLY data volume is: 3 dams * 12 parameters * 1 time per month = 36 records

But it is important to mention that during the sampling procedure, the temperature, oxygen and conductivity were measured in depth profile. Also, the results contain data on the species of phytoplankton. Thus, the number of records is more that the estimation that was made above.

7. Number of sampling points

3 dams (Lefkara, Kourris, Asprokremnos)

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The location of sampling sites was at about 200m from the dam or intake water. Sampling sites were also located at the deepest segment of the water body cross section.

8. Type of data: a. Surface waters – dams (physicochemical and biological parameters)

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) Secchi depth – sampling depth, temperature (water and air), oxygen conductivity Total alkalinity Total phosphorus Nitrate Ammonium pH Chlorophyll-α Total phytoplankton biovolume % cyanobacteria catalan index

All the above were measured once a month, for a duration of four months

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): EU compliance (intercalibration exercise)

11. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel / Word

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Figure 1: Dams that were monitored

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LIFE (LIFE95 TCY/CY/0868): “DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEM TO SUSTAIN THE QUALITY AND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF SURFACE WATER”

1. Name of the programme Life -Third Countries programme (LIFE95 TCY/CY/0868): “Development of an Integrated Monitoring and Early Warning System to sustain the Quality and Multifunctionality of Surface Water”. LIFE-Third Countries concerns technical assistance activities for promoting sustainable development in third countries. This component of the programme supports the development of environmental management capacities, both for our administrative partners outside the Union and for companies and NGOs in those countries. The main targets of the project are the evaluation of water quality, pollution trends and their causes and the forecasting of future developments within 5-10 years and the development of an Environmental Hazard and Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment System (the AMOEBA yardstick) that can be integrated into the decision making process 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date 01/03/1996-30/04/2000 Sampling and analysis has continued until 2004

3. Funding organization EU and Cyprus government

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: State General Laboratory and the Water Development Department Sampling: Water Development Department (according to a methodology - protocol that is prepared by the SGL) Analysis: State General Laboratory Reporting: State General Laboratory (for the LIFE requirements in EU) The final report was prepared by SGL and WDD.

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) Total Budget: 1,201,388.38€ Life Contribution: 556,502.58€

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) Water samples For water samples the following parameters have been analysed: pesticides, metals, VOCs, PCBs, GC general profile, ionic analysis, BOD, COD,

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Chlorophyll, biomonitoring, toxicity, genotoxicity. The necessary number of record needed is estimated up to 17680. 17680 noRecords= 20 noLoc x 221 noPar x 4 Each water sample constitutes of 10 different sub-samples in order to cover the parameters. In total 20 water bodies were sampled.

Sediments The sediments were analyzed for metals, organochlorine pestcides and polychlorinated biphenyls as well as for other organics (such as phthalates) by Gas Chromatography

Frequency was not constant. From August 1996 until April 1998 were gathered 119 water samples and 43 sediment samples from the 20 water bodies monitored in Life programme.

7. Number of sampling points 12 rivers and 8 dams

8. Type of data: a. Surface water b. Sediments

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) Micorbiological Total coliforms Feacal coliforms Feacal streptococci F+-specific RNA bacteriophages Enteroviruses Clostridium perfingens Salmonella spp Pesticides VOCs – VOCLs General Gas Chromatographic profiles Metals (Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cu) COD BOD TOC Toxicological Evaluation Microtox Test

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Algatoxkit F Daphatoxkit F Magna Mutatox test AMOEBA Yardstick OPI: BOD, COD

NPI: NH3, Clorophyl-a, NO3, total-P, Turbitity, Total N PPI: 21 Pesticides, tot pesticides BQI : Bacteriofages, Salmonella 1&5, enteroviruses, feacal coliforms, feacal streptococci

IPI: Metals (7), NO2, free NH3, VOCs (60), Phthalates, PCBs (17), clorophenols, PAHs(16), HPLC profiles, Gcprofiles (24) IQI: conductivity, pH, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) BSI: BMWP-average BDI: Diversity, SDS

For most of the parameters and where conditions allowed it i.e. in the presence of water, sampling for every water body was carried out 4 times per year, at the beginning of the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons. For some parameters additional samplings were needed and were therefore carried out. Frequency was not constant because of the extreme drought conditions that were experienced from August 1996 to April 1998. From August 1996 until April 1998 were gathered 119 water samples and 43 sediments from the 20 water bodies monitored in Life programme.

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Life -Third Countries programme (LIFE95 TCY/CY/0868): “Development of an Integrated Monitoring and Early Warning System to sustain the Quality and Multifunctionality of Surface Water”. The main targets of the project are the evaluation of water quality, pollution trends and their causes and the forecasting of future developments within 5-10 years and the development of an Environmental Hazard and Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment System (the AMOEBA yardstick) that can be integrated into the decision making process

11. Means of storage/availability Digital / Hard copy Excel/Word

In table 1 the coordinates of the river water bodies that were sampled in the frame of Life programme is given. These locations are presented in figure 1 Table 1 NAME TYPE X Y Kouris river 491943 3847755 Kryos river 499100 3847400

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Zygos river 494404 3847728 Germanosogeia river 509314 3847521 Akrounda river 507660 3846659 Xeros river 461634 3847027 Xeros river 472660 3865358 Stavros tis Psokas river 454989 3868594 Vasilikos river 522101 3853077 Garillis river 497491 3845023 Syrgatis river 524494 3863235 Syrgatis river 530901 3859769 Mylou river 533518 3859053

Dams that were sampled in the frame of Life Programme: Kouris Asprokremmos Yermasoyia Lefkara Kalavasos Dhypotamos Evretou Polemidia

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Figure 1: Rivers and dams that are sampled in the frame o LIFE programme

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MONITORING OF SALT LAKES IN LARNAKA AND AKROTIRI

1. Name of the programme Monitoring of salt lakes in Larnaka and Akrotiri 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date Akrotiri salt lake 1987-ongoing

Larnaka salt lake 1995-ongoing

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research Sampling: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research Analysis: Department of Fisheries and Marine Research Reporting: No reporting

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) The frequency of sampling is not constant; it varies from 2 to 9 times in a year for the Akrotiri salt lake and from 5 to 8 times in a year for Larnaka salt lake. For Akrotiri salt lake the last three years (2004, 2005 and 2006) the sampling frequency was constant by taking samples 6 times per year. For Larnaka salt lake during the last three years the frequency varies from 5 to 7 times. An average of 6 samples will be taken into account for estimating an indicative data volume. Akrotiri salt lake 120noRecords = 5noLoc x 4 noPar x 6

Larnaka salt lake a) In 2004 and 2005: 288no Records = 12noLoc x 4no Par x 6 b) In 2005, only for nutrients: 104no Records = 13noLoc x 4no Par x 2

Total number of records: 392

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a) It should be mentioned that the number of monitoring stations has changed during the years. From 2004 and onwards, the number of monitoring sites has raised up to 12, and with this number the indicative data volume is estimated. b) Only for year 2005, sampling and analysis has occurred twice for additional four parameters [Chlorophyll-α (µg/l), N-NO (µmole/l), N-NO2 (µmole/l), P-PO4 (µmole/l)] in 13 monitoring stations in Larnaka salt lakes. If these results will be taken into account for estimating the data volume, then for the salt lakes in Larnaka additional 104 records will be needed.

7. Number of sampling points For Akrotiri salt lake = 5 sampling points. For Larnaka salt lake = 12 sampling points (since 2004).

8. Type of data: a. Surface water (salt lakes)

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

Parameter Frequency

Water Temperature 6 times in a year

pH “

Salinity “

Depth “

Only for year 2005 sampling and analysis has occurred twice for additional four parameters [Chlorophyll-α (µg/l), N-NO (µmole/l), N-NO2 (µmole/l), P-PO4 (µmole/l)] in 13 monitoring stations in Larnaka salt lakes.

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Monitoring programme of salt lakes in order to observe the quality of the salt lakes

11. Means of storage/availability Digital Word/ Excel 12. Notes The coordinates of the above mentioned sampling points are not provided.

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MONITORING OF FLOWS INTO AKROTIRI SALT LAKE - WDD

1. Name of the programme Akrotiri Salt Lake Water management (Monitoring of Surface and ground water levels, rainfall and INFLOWS to the lake) 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date Akrotiri salt lake 1981-ongoing (ground water) 1990 – ongoing (ground water, surface water, inflows, rainfall)

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Water Development Department Sampling: Water Development Department Analysis: Water Development Department

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth)

For Akrotiri salt lake = 15 sampling points (3 flow gauging stations, 1 water level recorder, 10 boreholes, 1 rainstation)

8. Type of data: a. Surface water (water level, inflows) b. Ground water c. Rainfall

9. Monitoring station location, parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) a. Surface water (Water level, inflows)

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Monitoring Station Co-ordinates Parameter Frequency

Easting (m) Northing

(m)

1. Limassol port Gauging 499700 3833000 Flow continuous Station

2. Marshes Gauging 494800 3831000 Flow continuous Station

3. Mitropoli Pond Gauging 499200 3828700 Flow continuous station

4. Akrotiri Salt Lake – Water level 497800 3831100 & water continuous Water level recorder storage

b. Ground water

Boreholes Co-ordinates Parameter Frequency Hydrological Number

Easting (m) Northing (m)

1) 571 495473 3831625 Water level Bimonthly

2) 808 499718 3832691 Water level Bimonthly

3) 809 499613 3833441 Water level Bimonthly

4) 1242 496802 3832461 Water level Bimonthly

5) 1296 498406 3833601 Water level Bimonthly

6) 1638 496302 3831251 Water level Bimonthly

7) 1639 496292 3831251 Water level Bimonthly

8) 1640 496962 3831941 Water level Bimonthly

9) 1641 495352 3829801 Water level Bimonthly

10) 1642 500152 3829241 Water level Bimonthly

c. Rainfall.

Rain Station Co-ordinates Parameter Frequency

Easting (m) Northing (m)

1. Mitropoli rain station 499200 3828700 Rainfall continuous

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10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Monitoring programme to observe the effect the construction of Kourris dam had on natural inflows to the salt lake and the on-going management of controlled inflows to the salt lake for maintaining levels of water required by the salt lake ecosystem.

11. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel Envis (ground water data)

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QUALITY OF RAIN WATER - GSD

1. Name of the programme Quality of rain water 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date ? - Still operational 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Geological Survey Department (design, sampling, data storage - analysis). [For the sampling procedure: Technicians with proper training, the great majority of which hold a higher education or university degree. QA and QC procedures are followed throughout by implementing proper sampling, sample handling and data collection practices. For field measurements, instruments are calibrated prior to each campaign and according to the manufacturers manual.]

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known. 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x no Depth) No of locations = 11, No of parameters = 3 , Frequency = 6 No of records = 198 7. Number of sampling points 11 (the locations are depicted in Figure 1) 8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Other water (rain) - quality

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) Field measurements: pH, conductivity, temperature Frequency: Once every two months or after a major event Parameters are measured on site with portable instruments

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Investigation programme for purposes of the department 11. Means of storage/availability ENVIS database

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QA and QC procedures are followed prior and after entering of the data into the database

12. OTHER NOTES

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Figure 1: Sampling locations

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Table 1: Co-ordinates of sampling points

Station Site ID number E N Station District 4000103 225-6430 484399,00000000000 3867846,00000000000 PRODROMOS (C.F.C.) 4000110 250-6230 487651,00000000000 3860747,00000000000 PANO PLATRES (P.S.) 4000124 290-2320 491019,00000000000 3877742,00000000000 EVRYCHOU (P.S.) 4000129 310-6180 493226,00000000000 3867263,00000000000 PLATANIA (F.S.) 4000134 320-7000 492628,00000000000 3858755,00000000000 SAITTAS (N.G.) 4000167 377-91 501434,00000000000 3863595,00000000000 AGROS 4000264 600-4151 527878,00000000000 3858644,00000000000 PANO LEFKARA (P.S.) 4000293 648-3610 535992,00000000000 3854310,00000000000 KOFINOU (P.S.) 4000296 660-3650 536666,00000000000 3862696,00000000000 KORNOS (F.S.) 4000335 731-4044 557137,00000000000 3859947,00000000000 LARNAKA (AIRPORT) 4000403 731-4046 556421,00000000000 3859201,00000000000 LARNAKA (AIRPORT)

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GSD NATIONAL QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK – GROUND NETWORK - GSD

1. Name of the programme National Quality Monitoring Network - GROUND WATERS

2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date 2000 – Still operational [The current network is the optimization product of the GRC (Groundwater Resources of Cyprus) project network (2000-2004). Currently, after optimization, the monitoring stations of this network are the same of that of the current Nitropollution Network and the two networks run parallel.] 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Geological Survey Department (design, sampling, data analyses and data storage) 5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known. 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x no Depth) The current network is the optimization product of the GRC (Groundwater Resources of Cyprus) project network (2000-2004). During this period, major ions and Boron were monitored in all boreholes. In addition, two trace investigation campaigns for selected boreholes were also carried out, during this period. Currently, after optimization, the monitoring stations of this network are the same of that of the current Nitropollution Network and the two run parallel. After 2004, however, full Ionic plus Boron analysis of the samples is suspended; acidified samples are however collected from this network and stored for future trace investigation. So, at the moment no analyses are performed.

7. Number of sampling points 218 groundwater (boreholes) 8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Groundwater (boreholes) 9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

The same applies as in paragraph 6. The sampling frequency is twice per year.

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Up to 2004 full ionic analyses were made. The detection limits are the following:

Να: 1ppm, Mg: 2.5ppm, Ca: 2.5ppm, K: 1ppm, Cl: 10ppm, SO4: 0.1ppm, CO3:

---, HCO3: 2ppm, NO3: 0.07ppm, NO2:---, B: 5ppb 10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Investigation purposes for the GSD needs. 11. Means of storage/availability ENVIS database

12. OTHER NOTES

The network was designed under the scope of qualitative and quantitative investigation of ground waters of Cyprus and it is based on the logic of river basins (Directive 2000/60) and in order to cover the requirements of the Directive for Ground waters, that is going to be published during the next few months.

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Figure 1: Sampling locations after 2004

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Table 1: Co-ordinates of sampling points

Site ID Serial number E N District 4977 H3110-0461 576312 3877261 Ammochostos District 4978 H3100-0453 586372 3871681 Ammochostos District 4980 H3100-0609 594702 3871000 Ammochostos District 4982 H3101-0318 595507 3876006 Ammochostos District 4983 H3101-0382 597452 3872666 Ammochostos District 4984 H3101-0607 591787 3878626 Ammochostos District 4981 H3104-1479 581792 3873491 Ammochostos District 4985 H3105-1071 582472 3876646 Ammochostos District 4986 H4307-0054 537002 3847071 Larnaka District 403 1974/023 537532 3846281 Larnaka District 14213 H4307-030 535810 3848900 Larnaka District 1956 1985/136 543772 3858771 Larnaka District 2494 1989/010 521142 3860711 Larnaka District 1959 1985/139 554762 3867841 Larnaka District 3017 1992/V03 530802 3861661 Larnaka District 3515 1997/V09 528812 3856461 Larnaka District 1035 1979/101 527392 3847036 Larnaka District 3730 1999/066 526442 3845271 Larnaka District 3000 1992/087 548762 3866901 Larnaka District 2538 1989/054 556312 3872061 Larnaka District 2426 1988/093 545932 3855441 Larnaka District 4547 H4110-0331 553377 3856211 Larnaka District 4074 1967/023 549062 3860703 Larnaka District 1633 1983/178 537932 3856671 Larnaka District 3559 1998/032 523422 3855321 Larnaka District 3603 1998/076 534157 3844671 Larnaka District 2629 1990/023 514132 3858491 Larnaka District

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2440 1988/107 512622 3858941 Larnaka District 2102 1986/121 540022 3857151 Larnaka District 4991 H4105-0006 570341 3875050 Larnaka District 4990 H4107-0338 578027 3871651 Larnaka District 14239 H4107-1128 577285 3872770 Larnaka District 14172 2004/F003 581870 3869120 Larnaka District 2438 1988/105 513852 3861681 Larnaka District 927 1978/147 518312 3857751 Larnaka District 4988 H4106-1147 570687 3872991 Larnaka District 9362 1949/008 573755 3871794 Larnaka District 4993 H4111-0215 554172 3855751 Larnaka District 14148 H4111-275 552170 3854020 Larnaka District 1666 1984/018 540572 3864021 Larnaka District 3783 2000/020 537682 3858971 Larnaka District 4160 H4113-0008 551007 3854701 Larnaka District 3366 1996/038 530572 3851301 Larnaka District 1778 1984/131 503322 3878301 Lefkosia District 3447 1997/032 518702 3882686 Lefkosia District 2852 1991/094 510827 3871631 Lefkosia District 756 1977/095 510672 3872211 Lefkosia District 1455 1982/150 493720 3878580 Lefkosia District 2568 1989/250 516312 3880681 Lefkosia District 3321 1995/V08 514932 3878341 Lefkosia District 3593 1998/066 509552 3887431 Lefkosia District 3598 1998/071 509612 3888061 Lefkosia District 4975 H1360-0020 511795 3888800 Lefkosia District 1348 1982/043 514092 3890651 Lefkosia District 3100 1993/079 502662 3867361 Lefkosia District 3700 1999/036 504632 3865221 Lefkosia District 3365 1996/037 519602 3880471 Lefkosia District

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3384 1996/056 518652 3877866 Lefkosia District 3717 1999/053 506392 3866421 Lefkosia District 4976 H1362-0032 501333 3888650 Lefkosia District 1576 1983/121 504682 3889621 Lefkosia District 980 1979/046 504690 3888300 Lefkosia District 13296 H1362-0042 501870 3887740 Lefkosia District 2163 1987/009 502097 3887486 Lefkosia District 1021 1979/087 488857 3871401 Lefkosia District 3396 1996/090 489582 3871916 Lefkosia District 3214 1994/070 538112 3882666 Lefkosia District 3633 1998/106 534382 3888466 Lefkosia District 2759 1991/001 536377 3881631 Lefkosia District 1923 1985/103 537987 3881461 Lefkosia District 3300 1995/053 521292 3877701 Lefkosia District 3817 2000/054 491090 3876015 Lefkosia District 2641 1990/035 491462 3876911 Lefkosia District 2095 1986/114 489807 3873836 Lefkosia District 2142 1986/161 484097 3872126 Lefkosia District 2753 1990/147 511857 3862601 Lefkosia District 3332 1996/004 522952 3872181 Lefkosia District 2240 1987/086 498192 3870821 Lefkosia District 2316 1987/162 523492 3871311 Lefkosia District 3412 1996/V08 527962 3873501 Lefkosia District 3340 1996/012 498332 3884451 Lefkosia District 5024 1947/042 505673 3889906 Lefkosia District 1506 1983/050 515377 3874471 Lefkosia District 3345 1996/017 518182 3873351 Lefkosia District 2323 1987/169 515837 3891676 Lefkosia District 14150 H1410-0055 489430 3878200 Lefkosia District 1012 1979/078 531585 3874010 Lefkosia District

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1104 1980/053 500722 3869051 Lefkosia District 4049 1966/006 530702 3870401 Lefkosia District 4012 1963/007 529877 3868416 Lefkosia District 3315 1995/V02 518482 3891801 Lefkosia District 1921 1985/101 529397 3875816 Lefkosia District 1949 1985/129 511482 3875806 Lefkosia District 3363 1996/035 477362 3868121 Lefkosia District 4047 1965/145 534717 3875196 Lefkosia District 3748 1999/084 496942 3877721 Lefkosia District 4005 1962/006 508245 3885450 Lefkosia District 5023 1939/014 518433 3887996 Lefkosia District 838 1978/048 525022 3889041 Lefkosia District 3121 1993/100 516552 3884296 Lefkosia District 1214 1981/017 516862 3885871 Lefkosia District 1015 1979/081 507977 3865116 Lefkosia District 3169 1994/025 509957 3865431 Lefkosia District 13332 2002/095 524185 3878370 Lefkosia District 965 1979/031 507432 3888271 Lefkosia District 1121 1980/070 507492 3888651 Lefkosia District 882 1978/100 507952 3886696 Lefkosia District 3172 1994/028 508522 3886471 Lefkosia District 3438 1997/023 507012 3887711 Lefkosia District 3898 2001/013 506517 3890856 Lefkosia District 4004 1961/178 507012 3886501 Lefkosia District 3294 1995/047 520722 3874301 Lefkosia District 3878 2000/V02 503352 3884796 Lefkosia District 2798 1991/040 489712 3876316 Lefkosia District 11143 2002/V05 476560 3872050 Lefkosia District 2219 1987/065 475232 3876261 Lefkosia District 1767 1984/120 529747 3882736 Lefkosia District

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990 1979/056 512782 3863616 Lefkosia District 3473 1997/058 515502 3868291 Lefkosia District 3670 1999/006 490342 3880571 Lefkosia District 1242 1981/045 524007 3880876 Lefkosia District 3400 1996/094 502647 3862256 Lemesos District 1205 1981/008 506872 3858711 Lemesos District 662 1976/123 505705 3858235 Lemesos District 715 1977/053 495942 3856401 Lemesos District 3485 1997/070 499382 3865391 Lemesos District 602 1976/063 500915 3864145 Lemesos District 4771 1937/003 494900 3833370 Lemesos District 2692 1990/086 476282 3843931 Lemesos District 3884 2000/V08 507452 3856091 Lemesos District 1915 1985/095 521272 3849936 Lemesos District 4772 1959/168 495732 3833521 Lemesos District 4775 1959/175 495433 3832461 Lemesos District 2021 1986/040 477792 3837831 Lemesos District 2146 1986/165 478972 3839421 Lemesos District 1869 1985/049 508087 3842561 Lemesos District 1296 1981/099 507997 3842056 Lemesos District 245 1972/025 508267 3840901 Lemesos District 1500 1983/044 501662 3837311 Lemesos District 2990 1992/077 504102 3838121 Lemesos District 3919 2001/034 509862 3855131 Lemesos District 2592 1989/274 498127 3864421 Lemesos District 77 EB071 490312 3835861 Lemesos District 1640 1983/185 491292 3835291 Lemesos District 1870 1985/050 513922 3855981 Lemesos District 2451 1988/118 502450 3857670 Lemesos District 2712 1990/106 500722 3854141 Lemesos District

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3845 2000/082 504782 3856756 Lemesos District 1721 1984/073 491472 3839631 Lemesos District 2751 1990/145 493362 3866491 Lemesos District 3448 1997/033 494017 3862771 Lemesos District 3476 1997/061 500727 3862151 Lemesos District 2504 1989/020 515172 3852911 Lemesos District 3442 1997/027 516742 3854171 Lemesos District 750 1977/089 487602 3855991 Lemesos District 103 EB097 494722 3834471 Lemesos District 5026 1937/013 493693 3834351 Lemesos District 234 1972/014 493537 3835651 Lemesos District 432 1974/069 491322 3857141 Lemesos District 1761 1984/114 518512 3844821 Lemesos District 2857 1991/099 483972 3866161 Lemesos District 5027 1969/001 481208 3836401 Lemesos District 2403 1988/070 481592 3838321 Lemesos District 1266 1981/069 496347 3862791 Lemesos District 593 1976/053 497087 3860831 Lemesos District 4994 H5227-0108 471232 3836841 Lemesos District 2931 1992/018 473312 3841451 Lemesos District 606 1976/067 499472 3862021 Lemesos District 2312 1987/158 499037 3863261 Lemesos District 1667 1984/019 516242 3845641 Lemesos District 3651 1998/V01 517802 3846651 Lemesos District 3719 1999/055 516957 3851526 Lemesos District 3653 1998/V03 489822 3854021 Lemesos District 3811 2000/048 487272 3840891 Lemesos District 4877 1958/120 497184 3834240 Lemesos District 1791 1984/146 481192 3866611 Lemesos District 13144 H5000.7-1526 500610 3836690 Lemesos District

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2738 1990/132 485142 3861651 Lemesos District 2422 1988/089 499977 3866226 Lemesos District 4996 H6106-3129 453772 3845041 Pafos District 2534 1989/050 456452 3886431 Pafos District 13151 H6355-1223 444980 3875370 Pafos District 3514 1997/V08 454312 3880221 Pafos District 8923 P0180 451600 3880540 Pafos District 5077 1965/140 451932 3880221 Pafos District 14037 W1993/0264 453838 3851436 Pafos District 427 1974/056 451400 3843740 Pafos District 5006 H6364-0192 454442 3883976 Pafos District 5009 H6331-1449 452622 3863441 Pafos District 9207 P1811 452317 3863916 Pafos District 1354 1982/049 442552 3862101 Pafos District 1185 1980/134 439632 3860811 Pafos District 5001 H6133-1803 440202 3858861 Pafos District 190 PB043 439036 3862141 Pafos District 205 PB057 448580 3863280 Pafos District 3138 1993/V01 454892 3854081 Pafos District 12218 H6027-1558 445411 3854072 Pafos District 678 1977/015 444012 3856076 Pafos District 13146 W1992/0365 449400 3856660 Pafos District 3355 1996/027 458760 3841040 Pafos District 1935 1985/115 447002 3867911 Pafos District 3540 1998/013 453922 3877021 Pafos District 3140 1993/V03 456502 3854551 Pafos District 5000 H6339-1489 451342 3867981 Pafos District 845 1978/055 451422 3867071 Pafos District 2374 1988/041 456545 3888141 Pafos District 270 1972/051 461067 3842221 Pafos District

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5002 H6343.1-0329 448462 3878381 Pafos District 5003 H6343.1-0322 449317 3878736 Pafos District 5004 H6343.1-0340 447472 3877691 Pafos District 3445 1997/030 447682 3876121 Pafos District 570 1976/026 464156 3844798 Pafos District 4744 2001/V02 452520 3858841 Pafos District 4743 2001/V01 452473 3856451 Pafos District 2587 1989/269 461332 3846400 Pafos District 4999 H6020-0753 444890 3851167 Pafos District 1090 1980/039 449982 3871341 Pafos District 504 1975/059 448227 3874305 Pafos District

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WATER FLOW AND WATER QUALITY OF SPRINGS (ISLAND-WIDE NETWORKS)- WDD

1. Name of the programme Water flow and water quality of springs 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date This programme developed gradually from the 1930’s. Because of reduced rainfall and an increase in groundwater extraction many springs, which formed part of the original monitoring network, have run dry. At present, there are about 40 springs that are monitored. 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design = WDD Sampling = WDD [About once a month, a technician from WDD records water flow, (by volumetric method or by current meter) and once a year some samples for chemical analyses are collected] Analysis = WDD [The chemical analyses for the sampling (once a year) is done by Tersefanou Lab] Reporting = WDD [Reports are made in the “Hydrological yearbooks” every year (but the last report printed is for 1997-1998) and also the mean monthly flows are supposed to be stored in ENVIS, (but the last record is up to 2002)] In all the above, WDD includes the District Offices, as well.

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known. 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) The program started in the 1930’s but since then it has been adapted and altered. The indication is that at present there are about 40 springs that are monitored and this value is used for the following estimation. Flow: No. of records = 40 * 1 parameter (flow) * 12 (once every month) = 480 Chemical parameters: No. of records = 40 * 6 parameters * 1 (once a year) = 240

7. Number of sampling points Around 40 (this number however changes year by year). Some of the locations are depicted in Figure 1.

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8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Water flow and physicochemical parameters - springs

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) a. Water flow - springs (once every month)

b. Chemical parameters – pH, conductivity, total solids, Cl, SO4, NO3 (once per year)

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Basic information for water resources management in Cyprus (WDD’ s responsibility) as well as other departmental investigation purposes and simulation models. Part of the Department’s obligation to provide relevant data to other Government Authorities, consultants etc.

11. Means of storage/availability Digital and hardcopy ENVIS + Hydrological yearbooks Raw data and aggregates (mean) Reports are made in the “Hydrological yearbooks” every year and also the mean monthly flows are supposed to be stored in ENVIS, (but the last record is up to 2002)

12. Notes

Νοt all results are stored in ENVIS yet, due to bugs in the input forms of the software. The software bugs are now being bypassed and the database updating, as regards springs, has been resumed. Hydrological yearbooks are produced that contain for each spring the following: - mean monthly flows

- Chemical parameters – pH, conductivity, total solids, Cl, SO4, NO3 (date of sampling) However, Hydrological yearbooks have not been produced since 1997-1998, although it is planned to produce them.

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Figure 1: Some of the locations of springs that are monitored at present

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Table 1 – coordinates of springs that are monitored SITE_ SITE_ EAST NORTH SPRING_NM LOCATION_N ID NU WGS84 WGS8 30000 1-2-2- 02 20 HARDJI-UPPER PRODHROMOS 486172 3865720 30000 1-2-2- 03 21 HARDJI-LOWER PRODHROMOS 486072 3865720 30000 1-2-5- 05 70 PARADHISHA YEROVASA 476872 3852620 30000 1-2-5- 06 72 TROZINA YEROVASA 476972 3852320 30000 1-4-1- 07 40 APPIDHES PAPHOS FOREST 469372 3872920 30000 1-4-4- 08 40 PAPALOUKAS KHRYSOROYIATISSA 464972 3862820 30000 1-4-4- 09 45 AYIA MONI STATOS 465072 3861820 30000 1-5-8- 14 30 MYLARI TALA 448672 3855620 30000 2-1-2- "LOUTRA TIS LOUTRA TIS 15 85 APHRODITIS ""B""" APHRODITIS 440272 3879420 30000 2-1-2- "LOUTRA TIS LOUTRA TIS 16 90 APHRODITIS ""A""" APHRODITIS 440372 3879620 30000 2-2-3- 18 70 KEPHALOVRYSOS KRITOU TERRA 447072 3868220 30000 3-2-1- 21 10 PLATANIA PEDHOULA 30000 3-2-1- 23 15 CHRYSOVRYSI TROODOS 487272 3869620 30000 3-2-1- 24 16 "MILIA ""A""" MOUTOULA 487172 3869720 30000 3-2-1- 25 17 "MILIA ""B""" PEDHOULA 487172 3869720 30000 3-3-1- 26 20 CHROME MINES TROOODOS 30000 3-3-1- CHROME MINES NEW 28 30 GALLERY TROOODOS 487772 3868220 30000 3-3-1- "AYIOS NIKOLAS STEYIS 30 80 ""A""" TROOODOS 30000 3-7-3- 35 10 KOSHINAS PHARMAKAS 512472 3863020 30000 9-0-0- Kryos Potamos (Near 83 10 Pumping station) Troodos 30002 9-0-0- 40 25 Phylagra Phylagra 30003 9-0-0- Kephalovrysos Agia Lambousa Camping 30 34 Eveni Polemithia 497472 3845820 30005 9-0-0- "Kato Arodhes ""A"" 58 57 Point 1" Kato Arodhes 445372 3866620 30005 9-0-0- 61 57 "Kato Arodhes ""B""" Kato Arodhes 445272 3865920 30005 9-0-0- 64 58 Xeropigi Melandra (Distr. Box) 456972 3875220 30006 9-0-0- 86 70 MYLARI TALA Tala 448672 3855620 30006 9-0-0- KALAMOS-KLIMATARIA- 94 71 KOUKAS MESOYI Mesoyi AYIA INFILTRATION 30007 9-0-0- WEIR AYIA FOREST 07 72 STATION Ayia 466272 3871620 30007 9-0-0- PHEVA GALATARIA Galataria 466472 3859520

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SITE_ SITE_ EAST NORTH SPRING_NM LOCATION_N ID NU WGS84 WGS8 46 76 30008 9-0-0- 17 83 Zandis Springs Vretsia Vretsia 468272 3862020 30000 9-6-1- 68 25 KALIDHONIA PANO PLATRES 488372 3862420 30000 9-6-1- 69 30 KEPHALOVRYSOS PANO PLATRES 487472 3861620 30000 9-6-3- "LOUMATA TOU AETOU 74 10 ""C""" TROODOS 489372 3865020 30000 9-6-3- "LOUMATA TOU AETOU 73 11 ""B""" TROODOS 489472 3864420 30000 9-6-3- 72 12 LOUMATA TOU AETOU TROODOS 489572 3864120 30000 9-6-3- 75 48 MOZORAS KATO AMIANTOS 494272 3861920 30000 9-6-3- 76 50 ARKOLAKHANIA MESAPOTAMOS 491272 3861620 30000 9-6-3- 77 95 KOUKA PERAPEDHI 489672 3856820 30000 9-6-4- SYKIA OR KRYA 78 15 PIGADHIA SILIKOU 493672 3846420

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RIVERS: FLOWS , WATER LEVEL, WATER QUALITY AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS (ISLAND-WIDE NETWORKS) - WDD

1. Name of the programme Rivers: Flows, water level, water quality and suspended sediments 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date This programme developed gradually from the 1960’s. Several gauging stations are built since then (around 130 stations), but nowadays around 50 gauging stations are in operation. The great majority of the stations not in operation today are located in the part of the Island occupied by Turkish troops. The rest have been abandoned either because they have been replaced or they have fulfilled their purpose or they have not proved as successful as expected. Monitoring of river water quality and suspended sediments has been temporarily postponed due to staff shortages at Tersefanou lab.

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design = WDD (photos are included in Figure 1) Sampling = WDD (The measurements are continuous and are recorded on charts of automatic water level recorders). Analysis = WDD Reporting = WDD In all the above, WDD includes the District Offices, as well.

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known. 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = N/A (Not Applicable)) Continuous Flow Measurement 7. Number of sampling points 51 gauging stations were operational in 2005. The locations of operational and non-operational stations are depicted in Figure 2.

8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Water flow – rivers b. Water quality (ionic) – rivers c. Suspended sediments - rivers

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9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) As mentioned before, the gauging stations measure water level continuously (real time data). The analysis of the real time records are kept on paper forms. For the Hydrological Year Books and ENVIS the results are aggregated and presented in the form of mean daily flows. ENVIS can accommodate only mean daily flows and monthly peak discharges.

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Basic information for water resources management in Cyprus (WDD’ s responsibility) as well as other departmental investigation purposes and simulation models. Part of the Department’s obligation to provide relevant data to other Government Authorities, consultants etc.

11. Means of storage/availability Digital and hardcopy ENVIS + Hydrological yearbooks Raw data and aggregates (mean)

12. Notes • The great majority of the technicians involved in water monitoring have more than 25 years hands-on experience on the subject. Analysis of water level charts are delayed due to shortage of personnel. In ENVIS only mean daily flows and monthly peak discharges are recorded because of shortcomings in the software structure. Also, Hydrological yearbooks are produced that contain for each location of gauging station the following: - mean daily flows - monthly total - maximum, minimum and mean daily flows and monthly peak discharges - monthly depth – area precipitation Shortage of personnel has also caused backlog in the publication of Hydrological Year Books. The 1998 Hydrological Year Book was the last Hydrological Year Book that has been published; the rest are in the pipeline.

No other hydromorphological elements - as defined in WFD and relevant guidance document - are monitored for rivers (the river depth and width variation are known only for the locations of gauging stations).

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Figure 1 – Structure of the gauging stations

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Figure 2: Locations of operational and non operational gauging stations (year 2005)

In operation

Not in operation

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Table 1 – coordinates of gauging locations operation site_id stream_nm location_nm X_wgs84 y_wgs84 remark_tx 21Feb06 Created by jbis to handle unrecognized WY2000 UNKNOWN WY2000 2000094 No UNKNOWN STREAMFLOW SITE streamflow data. 2000002 No CHAPOTAMI KOUKLIA 462670 3838120 Operation: Good, 1979 Pissouri diversion. 2000092 No UNKNOWN PEAK SITE UNKNOWN Station in new peak files not in original - jbis. 2000006 No XEROS NATA 461570 3847820 Operation of Station:Poor.Inflow to Asprokremos Dam. 2000084 No MAVROKOLYMPOS POTIMA 444570 3856520 2000085 No XEROS(Paphos) PEYEIA 444570 3856520 2000012 No AVGAS TOXEFTRA 439370 3864220 Operation of station: Poor. Equipment removed in 1983. 2000015 No STAVROS TIS PSOKAS EVRETOU 451970 3870320 Operation of Station:Good. Covered by Evretou Dam 1983 2000020 No GIALIA KATO GIALIA 454870 3884620 Operation of Station:Fair OLD LIMNITIS SAW 2000025 No LIMNITIS 473870 3882820 Attendance impossible 1963-1966.Replaced by 1238 018 10 in 1967. MILL 2000120 No MARATHIOS VARISEIA 476970 3897020 POTAMOS TOU 2000097 No Kampos 482570 3889020 KAMPOU 2000026 No XEROS KAMPOS 478170 3876320 Overflow of Kambos diversion weir. 2000124 No XEROS KARAVOSTASI 485170 3888720 2000086 No MARATHASA above LEFKA DAM 485170 3879320 2000087 No MARATHASA COAST 486270 3889320 2000032 No KARGOTIS SKOURIOTISSA 489170 3883220 Operation of station: Fair Created by jbis to handle unrecognized WY2000 UNKNOWN WY2000 2000095 No UNKNOWN STREAMFLOW SITE streamflow data. 2000098 No KARGOTIS PENTAGEIA 488270 3890020 AG. GEORGIOS 2000081 No MALLA 498970 3876720 KAFKALOU 2000088 No ASINOU NIKITARI 499670 3881820 2000125 No ELIA KAZIVERA 491370 3891220 2000036 No PLATANISTASA PLATANISTASA 504170 3868020 Operation of station: fair

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operation site_id stream_nm location_nm X_wgs84 y_wgs84 remark_tx 21Feb06 2000099 No KOKKINOTRIMITHIA KOKKINOTRIMITHIA 514970 3890420 2000121 No MERIKA AVLONA 509270 3892220 2000100 No SKYLLOYRA AGIOS VASILIOS 515570 3896720 2000115 No OVGOS KYRA 504970 3896220 SPILLWAY OF 2000116 No OVGOS 503370 3897120 OVGOS DAM 2000117 No OVGOS MORFOU 497270 3897220 2000126 No SERRACHIS Masari 506270 3893320 Spillway of Morphou 2000101 No SERRACHIS 500670 3894620 Dam 2000127 No OVGOS & SERRACHIS MORFOU 495770 3897820 Aloupos 2000102 No Aloupos 497970 3901620 Chiftlic_Morphou PANAGRA KERYNEIA 2000128 No PANAGRA 507670 3911720 Old Road Brigde KERYNEIA road 2000103 No BOGAZI 529570 3907520 forest PLATIMATIS -AGIOS 2000104 No ALAKATI 545470 3910320 AMVROSIOS 2000105 No GEROKOLYMPOS BOGAZI -AKANTHOU 563570 3914020 2000106 No MELINI AGIA TRIAS 612470 3933520 2000129 No MELINI AGIA TRIAS 611670 3934820 2000107 No LARIS RIZOKARPASO 621770 3940320 2000108 No CHARANGAS BOGAZ -F/ST 588270 3909820 2000040 No PEDIAIOS KAMPIA 522370 3873920 Operation of Station:1967-82:Fair 1982 to date:Good 2000122 No TEGKELIS KYTHREA 541470 3900820 2000118 No PEDIAIOS MIA MILIA 537570 3895620 2000041 No VATHYS ATHALASSA 534470 3886520 Operation of Station:Poor 2000044 No ALYKOS AGIOS SOZOMENOS 541270 3880620 Operation of Station: Good, Drowned by Dam 1978. 2000109 No GIALIAS PYROGI 544570 3882220 2000110 No AGIOS GEORGIOS ACHNA 574970 3881220

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operation site_id stream_nm location_nm X_wgs84 y_wgs84 remark_tx 21Feb06 2000111 No Avgorou Avgorou 576470 3879820 2000112 No FRENAROS FRENAROS 580370 3879820 2000045 No LIOPETRI LIOPETRI 580570 3873020 Operation of Station: Good 2000046 No VATHYS PARALIMNI 589470 3877420 Operation of Station: Good. Inflow to Paralimni Lake. PARALIMNI LAKE 2000047 No PARALIMNI 589170 3879920 Operation of Station: 1954-1978: Poor,1978 to date: Good. OUTFLOW 2000048 No ARADIPPOU N/SIA-L/CA ROAD 551670 3868120 Operation of Station: Poor PANAGIA 2000049 No ARADIPPOU 551570 3868720 Operation of Station: Fair GAIMATOUSA UNKNOWN PEAK SITE 2000093 No UNKNOWN Station in new peak files not in original - jbis 2 2000053 No TREMINTHOS KITI DAM 551170 3858720 Operation of Station: Poor. 2000055 No POUZIS MAZOTOS 547170 3851620 Operation of Station: Poor 2000089 No XEROPOTAMOS ALAMINOS 539770 3851720 2000057 No MYLOU KORNOS 533170 3861120 Operation of Station: Good.Inflow to Dhipotamos Dam 2000059 No SYRIATIS SKARINOU STATION 534270 3853320 Operation of Station: Poor, 1973 Lefkara Dam. 2000060 No MARONI VAVLA 526070 3855720 1975 Stn.Moved 300 m D/S. Operation of Station: Good after 1975. CHOIROKOITIA 2000061 No MARONI 531570 3850320 1979 Stn.moved 200m U/S. Operation of Station: Good STATION U/S MARONI 2000062 No MARONI 532470 3845820 Operation of Station: Good SINKHOLE 2000063 No AKAPNOU MELINI 515870 3857520 Operation of Station: Fair 2000113 No VASILIKOS KALAVASOS MINE 525570 3850120 2000066 No VASILIKOS COAST 529170 3842320 Operation of Station: Good below AKROUNTA 2000091 No GIALIADES 506970 3840520 DAM GERMASOGEIA 2000130 No GERMASOGEIA 508070 3839520 POLICE STATION 2000070 No MERSINA U/S POLEMIDIA DAM 498970 3843320 Operation of Station: Fair DOWNSTREAM OF 2000119 No GARYLLIS 500870 3839420 POLEMIDIA DAM 2000072 No LOUMATA U/S AMIANDOS 490870 3863720 Operation of station: Good. Inflow to Amiandos Pond.

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operation site_id stream_nm location_nm X_wgs84 y_wgs84 remark_tx 21Feb06 POND Operation of Station: Fair. Covered by Kouris Dam.Replaced by 1964 2000074 No KOURIS ALASSA 491970 3846820 646 90 2000075 No AGROS AGROS 501670 3862720 Operation of Station: Fair 2000077 No LIMNATIS (ZYGOS) ALASSA 494070 3846920 Operation of Station: Good. Replaced by 1967 654 70 2000078 No KOURIS & KRYOS ALASSA 492070 3846420 Operation of Station: Poor 2000079 No KOURIS ERIMI 492370 3837020 Operation of Station: Poor 2000114 No AVDIMOU AVDIMOU 477970 3839520 2000080 No AVDIMOU AVDIMOU 477970 3839520 Operation of Station: 1967-78 Poor, 1978 To Date: Good 2000001 Yes CHAPOTAMI KISSOUSA 480470 3851120 Operation of station: 1964-1975 fair. 1975- good. 2000003 Yes DIARIZOS FILOUSA 475370 3857320 Operation of station: 1965-1978 poor, 1978- good. 68-69 no records. Oper. of st.:56-62 poor,62-82 fair,82- good, 83 2000004 Yes DIARIZOS KOUKLIA 460070 3840920 diversion to Paphos project. 2000005 Yes XEROS LAZARIDES 472570 3865020 Operation of station: Good 2000007 Yes XEROS FOINIKAS 461470 3846820 Inflow to Asprokremmos Dam.Reblaced by 1138 894 55.Operation poor. AGIA FOREST 2000008 Yes AGIA 465870 3871020 Operation of station: Good STATION 2000009 Yes EZOUSAS KANNAVIOU 460970 3863120 Operation of station:1964-1983 fair, 1983- good 2000010 Yes EZOUSAS MORO NERO 456970 3852320 Operation of station: Good Operation of station: 1962-1979 fair, 1980- good, 83 diversion to 2000011 Yes EZOUSAS ACHELEIA 452370 3844220 Paphos Proj. 2000013 Yes CHRYSOCHOU SKOULLI 449670 3870720 Operation of station: Good 2000014 Yes STAVROS TIS PSOKAS SKARFOS 454970 3868320 Operation of station: Good. Inflow to Evretou Dam 2000016 Yes CHRYSOCHOU COAST 447170 3877520 Operation of Station:Good, 1986 completion of Evretou dam. Operation of Station:Good. Inflow to Argaka Dam, 1989 diversion to 2000017 Yes MAKOUNTA U/S ARGAKA DAM 456070 3877420 Evretou dam. Overflow of Argaka Dam. Operation of Station:Good. 1989 diversion to 2000018 Yes MAKOUNTA ARGAKA DAM 454570 3878520 Evretou dam. 2000019 Yes GIALIA PANO GIALIA 458570 3883220 Operation of Station:Good 2000021 Yes LEIVADI U/S POMOS DAM 461570 3887920 Inflow to Pomos Dam. Operation of Station:Good 2000022 Yes MAVROS KREMMOS U/S POMOS DAM 461770 3888420 Inflow to Pomos Dam. Operation of Station:Good

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operation site_id stream_nm location_nm X_wgs84 y_wgs84 remark_tx 21Feb06 2000023 Yes PYRGOS FLEVA 471670 3885220 Operation of Station:1955-79 Fair, 1980-Good 2000024 Yes LIMNITIS LIMNITIS SAW MILL 473670 3882420 Operation of Station:Good. 1974 Forest burnt. Reforestation 1975-1980. U/S Inflow to Kalopanayiotis dam. Operation of station 1967-1972:Poor 2000027 Yes MARATHASA KALOPANAGIOTIS 484170 3873120 1978-Fair DAM 2000028 Yes AGIOS NIKOLAOS KAKOPETRIA 489970 3870520 Operation of station: 1965-1981: Fair. 1982 to date: Good 2000029 Yes PLATANIA KAKOPETRIA 492670 3869620 Operation of station:1965-1984: Fair 1985 to date: Good 2000030 Yes KARGOTIS GALATA 490870 3872520 Operation of station: Good 2000031 Yes KARGOTIS EVRYCHOU 490570 3877120 Operation of station 1963-66: Poor, 1967-83: Fair, 1983- good 2000033 Yes ATSAS EVRYCHOU 493070 3880820 Operation of station: good Inflow to Xyliatos dam. Operation of station: 1978-1984 fair 1984-to 2000034 Yes LAGOUDERA LAGOUDERA BR. 502870 3872020 date: Good 2000035 Yes ELIA VYZAKIA 501770 3880420 Operation of station: good. 1982 Xyliatos Dam completed 2000037 Yes PERISTERONA PANAGIA BRIDGE 507470 3875220 Operation of station: good Operation of station 1956-1969: Fair 1969 to date: good. 1973 2000038 Yes AKAKI MALOUNTA 516270 3878120 Palechori Dam, 84 Pharmakas ponds. 2000039 Yes AGIOS ONOUFRIOS KAMPIA 522470 3873320 Operation of Station 1967-84:Fair 1984 to date:Good Yes PEDIAIOS KATO DEFTERA NICOSIA - Yes PEDIAIOS Anemomylos 2000042 Yes GIALIAS KOTSIATI 530570 3872520 Operation of Station:1956-76:Fair,1980 To Date:Good 2000043 Yes GIALIAS NISOU 535870 3875420 Operation of Station: Good Created by jbis to handle unrecognized WY2000 2000096 Yes GIALIAS POTAMIA streamflow data. 2000050 Yes ARADIPPOU ARADIPPOU 552470 3867820 Operation of Station: Good 2000051 Yes TREMINTHOS AGIA ANNA 544170 3866620 Operation of Station: Good, 1977 Lymbia Dam. 2000052 Yes TREMITHIOS KLAVDIA 548870 3861320 Operation of Station: Good.Inflow to Kiti Dam 2000054 Yes POUZIS ALETHRIKO 543270 3859120 Operation of Station: Good. 2000056 Yes SYRIATIS PANO LEFKARA 530870 3859520 Operation of Station: Good. Infow to Dhipotamos Dam.D/S Lefkara Dam U/S DIPOTAMOS 2000058 Yes MYLOS 533470 3858920 Inflow to Dhipotamos Dam. DAM

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operation site_id stream_nm location_nm X_wgs84 y_wgs84 remark_tx 21Feb06 2000082 Yes MARONI CHOIROKOITIA 528470 3853120 2000064 Yes VASILIKOS LAGEIA 522070 3852920 Operation of Station: Good Inflow to Kalavasos Dam 2000065 Yes VASILIKOS KALAVASOS 527470 3847020 Operation of Station: Good,1985 Kalavasos Dam. Operation of Station 68-83: Fair. 83-todate:Good.Inflow to Yermasoyia 2000067 Yes GERMASOGEIA FOINIKARIA 509270 3847320 Dam, 75 Arakapas, 84 Dhierona. U/S GERMASOGEIA 2000068 Yes GIALIADES 507770 3845820 Operation of Station: 1970-83: Poor 1983 - to date: Good DAM 2000069 Yes GARYLLIS U/S POLEMIDIA DAM 497670 3844820 Operation of Station: Good 2000071 Yes KRYOS ALASA 491070 3847220 Operation of Station: Good. Inflow to Kouris Dam. 2000073 Yes KOURIS U/S KOURIS DAM 491670 3849020 Operation of Station: Good. Inflow to Kouris Dam. 2000076 Yes LIMNATIS (ZYGOS) U/S KOURIS DAM 494570 3849320 Operation of Station: Good. Inflow to Kouris Dam.

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MONITORING OF WATER LEVEL AND WATER STORAGE IN CYPRUS RESERVOIRS - WDD

1. Name of the programme Monitoring of water level and water storage in Cyprus reservoirs 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date The development of this programme has followed the construction of the dams in Cyprus. The water level and water storage of reservoirs is measured on a daily basis. 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment 4. Executing organization (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design = WDD Sampling = WDD [Daily a technician from WDD records water level] Analysis = WDD Reporting = WDD [online in WDD web site information for the water storage in reservoirs is given, which is calculated out of the daily water level measurement] In all the above, WDD includes the District Offices, as well.

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known. 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) 4420 no.Records = 17 no.Loc x 1 x 260 (5 days in a week) 7. Number of sampling points 17 sampling points

8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Water level of dams

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) Water level (5 days in a week)

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Basic information for water resources management in Cyprus (WDD’ s responsibility) as well as other departmental investigation purposes and simulation models.

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Part of the Department’s obligation to provide relevant data to other Government Authorities, consultants etc.

11. Means of storage/availability Digital and hardcopy Online in WDD web site In ENVIS

12. Notes Since the establishment of the WDD in the early 1960’s its main responsibility has been the rational development and management of the water resources of Cyprus. For the fulfillment of this obligation both ground and surface water monitoring programmes were initiated with the establishment of the Department. These programmes were designed to monitor the country’s main water problems which is − quantity, due to low rainfall and extended periods of drought, and − quality in terms of sea intrusion, due to overpumping of coastal aquifers, and chemical parameters associated with pesticides, fertilizers etc used in the newly and fast developing agriculture in the country. Other parameters were also monitored depending an area’s local pressures and impacts e.g. industrial effluents, piggeries, poultry farms etc.. The monitoring programmes were designed in a way that reflected the policy of rational development and management as well as conjunctive use, and hence a more efficient use, of the country’s water resources followed by the Department. Ground and surface monitoring networks cover the country’s most important ground and surface water bodies and the majority of the country’s water bodies of lesser importance. The great majority of the hydrologists, hydrogeologists and technicians involved in water monitoring have more than 25 years of experience on the subject and there duties involved field-work, analytical and interpretational work. A problem which may arise and which is directly associated to water monitoring in Cyprus, is the fact that, WDD having been the sole agency responsible for water monitoring in Cyprus for the last 40 years, the experience accumulated in the Department, as regards local conditions and the water bodies on the island may be lost with WDD personnel retiring if there is lack of smooth succession.

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Figure 1: Locations of Dams

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Table 1: Dams

Site_Code No. Dam name east_wgs84_ north_wgs84_ 1-2-5-05 Dipotamos 475903 3859043 1-3-9-50 Asprokremmos 459016 3842855 1-6-2-70 Mavrokolympos 445781 3857186 2-2-6-85 Evretou 451919 3870498 2-3-2-70 Agia Marina 458203 3886096 2-3-4-99 Argaka 454614 3878531 2-4-7-05 Pomos 461443 3889187 3-2-1-90 Kalopanagiotis 484103 3873683 3-5-1-65 Xyliatos 503420 3874023 3-5-4-35 Vyzakia 502372 3879820 7-1-2-70 Achna 574180 3879490 8-7-2-05 Lefkara 527072 3861320 8-7-4-05 Dipotamos 532731 3856586 8-9-5-60 Kalavasos 523804 3851106 9-2-5-20 Germasogeia 507598 3844704 9-4-3-95 Polemidia 498998 3841855 9-6-3-10 Kouris 492298 3843097

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WATER LEVEL AND WATER QUALITY OF GROUND WATERS (ISLAND-WIDE NETWORKS) - WDD

1. Name of the programme Water level and water quality for ground waters by WDD 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date Water monitorting programmes were initiated in the early 1960’s. These programmes were developed for the effective management and development of water resources in Cyprus as well as specific regional studies and projects. Some are on-going and others have been terminated. At present, there are about 800 boreholes that are monitored.

3. Funding organization WDD 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design = WDD Sampling = WDD [Groundwater level is monitored twice per year (1st- Nov-Dec and 2nd- Apr-May). In the coastal areas they monitor on a monthly basis and depth profile for conductivity] In all the above, WDD includes the District Offices, as well. 5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) The program started around 1960’s but since then it has been adapted and altered. Borehole data and water quality and water level measurements as well as frequencies of measurements are stored in the ENVIS database. The water level monitoring is being carried out through a group of networks for monitoring the country’s aquifers and based on the logic of river basins (Directive 2000/60). In general, the group of networks also cover the requirements of the Directive for Ground waters. The frequency of sampling varies from monthly to biannually. The following Table shows the WDD operated networks (water levels. Water quality and conductivity for selected wells)

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Number of bores Network Name of network in network* id WDD - GWL - Nicosia Western Area 36 100 WDD - GWL - Nicosia Central - Western Area 15 101 WDD - GWL - Nicosia Central Eastern Area 67 102 WDD - GWL - Nicosia North Central Area 86 103 WDD - GWL - Nicosia Eastern Area 52 104 WDD - GWL - Nicosia Troodos 29 105 WDD - GWL - Nicosia Pyrgos 6 112 WDD - GWL_Kokkinochoria_four times a year 11 300 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Sotira 11 301 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Paralimni 10 302 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Ayia Napa 13 303 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Achna 12 305 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Liopetri 13 306 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Avgorou 14 307 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Frenaros 13 308 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Liopetri (I) 85 309 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Sotira (I) 93 310 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Frenaros (I) 115 311 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Avgorou (I) 140 312 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Achna (I) 119 313 WDD - GWL_Larnaka_ monthly 25 400 WDD - GWL_Larnaka Kiti_Perivolia four times a year 23 401 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Larnaca Kiti 21 402 WDD - GWL Larnaka Monthly Alethriko 1 403 WDD - GWL Larnaka Monthly Skarinou 2 404 WDD - GWL Larnaka Monthly Kalavasos 1 405 WDD - GWL Larnaka Monthly Choirokitia 5 406 WDD - GWL Larnaka Monthly Dromolaxia 2 407 WDD - GWL Larnaka Monthly Pervolia 1 411 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Larnaca Xylophagou 22 412 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Larnaca Ormidhia 28 413 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Larnaca Xylotymbou 13 414 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Aradhippou 32 415 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Anaphotia 13 416 WDD -GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Pervolia 2 417 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Kiti 4 418 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Mazotos 8 419 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Ayios Theodoros 6 420 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Dromolaxia 2 421

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Number of bores Network Name of network in network* id WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Tersefanou 7 423 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Softades 2 424 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Anglisides 4 425 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Alethriko 5 426 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Alaminos 3 427 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Skarinou 2 428 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Choirokoitia 1 429 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Psematismenos 1 430 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Twice a year Kalavasos Maroni 2 431 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Klavdhia 15 432 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Larnaca Xylophagou (I) 154 433 WDD - GWL - S.C.P. Larnaca Ormidhia (I) 96 434 WDD - GWL - Larnaca Monthly Vasilicos - Maroni 7 435 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Germasogeia 47 500 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Garyllis 1 11 501 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Garyllis -Town Area 20 502 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Phassouri 34 503 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Lanitis 29 504 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Akrotiri 111 505 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Paramali- Avdimou 66 506 WDD - GWL - Lemessos Pissouri 11 508 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Troodos 2 25 509 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Troodos 1 20 510 WDD - GWL - Lemesos Troodos 3 19 511 WDD - GWL - Pafos Diarizos 23 600 WDD - GWL - Pafos Xeropotamos Downstream 23 601 WDD - GWL - Pafos Xeropotamos Upstream 25 602 WDD - GWL - Pafos Ezousa 43 603 WDD - GWL - Pafos Costal zone East 25 604 WDD - GWL - Pafos Costal zone Central 41 605 WDD - GWL - Pafos Costal zone West 12 606 WDD - GWL - Pafos Pegeia 41 607 WDD - GWL - Polis High area 3 608 WDD - GWL - Pafos Costal zone-six months 7 610 WDD - GWL - Pomos-Group1 71 611 WDD - GWL - Pomos- Group2 72 612 WDD - GWL - Polis Coastal Area 25 613

* NOTE: some of the bores in the network might be inactive

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7. Number of sampling points Currently around 400 for water quality (ionic analysis) and 75 for conductivity

8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Water level and conductivity – ground waters 9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) a. Water level - (principally around twice per year, but in cases, where conditions demanded, the frequency is increased) c. Conductivity – not clear 10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Basic information for water resources management in Cyprus (WDD’s responsibility) as well as other departmental investigation purposes and simulation models. Part of the Department’s obligation to provide relevant data to other Government Authorities, consultants etc.

11. Means of storage/availability Digital and hardcopy ENVIS + Excel Raw data and aggregates (mean) 12. Notes Since the establishment of the WDD in the early 1960’s its main responsibility has been the rational development and management of the water resources of Cyprus. For the fulfillment of this obligation both ground and surface water monitoring programmes were initiated with the establishment of the Department. These programmes were designed to monitor the country’s main water problems which is − quantity, due to low rainfall and extended periods of drought, and − quality in terms of sea intrusion, due to overpumping of coastal aquifers, and chemical parameters associated with pesticides, fertilizers etc used in the newly and fast developing agriculture in the country. Other parameters were also monitored depending an area’s local pressures and impacts e.g. industrial effluents, piggeries, poultry farms etc. The monitoring programmes were designed in a way that reflected the policy of rational development and management as well as conjunctive use, and hence a more efficient use, of the country’s water resources followed by the Department. Ground and surface monitoring networks cover the country’s most important ground and surface water bodies and the majority of the country’s water bodies of lesser importance. The great majority of the hydrologists, hydrogeologists and technicians involved in water monitoring have more than 25 years of experience on the subject and there duties involved field-work, analytical and interpretational work.

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A problem which may arise and which is directly associated to water monitoring in Cyprus, is the fact that, WDD having been the sole agency responsible for water monitoring in Cyprus for the last 40 years, the experience accumulated in the Department, as regards local conditions and the water bodies on the island may be lost with WDD personnel retiring if there is lack of smooth succession. Systematic groundwater quality monitoring has been temporarily suspended due to shortage of personnel at the WDD lab of the Tersefanou Water Treatment Plant. The analyses still carried out are mainly full ionic as well as for boron and nitrates. More specialized analyses are carried out when the specific study/project requires it.

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Figure 1: Locations of boreholes that are monitored at present

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WATER LEVEL OF GROUND WATERS - GSD

1. Name of the programme Quantity Monitoring Network - GROUND WATERS 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date 2001 – Still operational 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Geological Survey Department (design, sampling, data storage - analysis). 5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) Around 90 mil Cyprus pounds 6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x no Depth) No of locations = 90, No of parameters = 4 , Frequency = hourly No of records = 3,110,400 7. Number of sampling points 91 groundwater monitoring stations (it started with 30 monitoring points). 87 are currently active 8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Groundwater

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time) Hydrostatic and barometric pressure in order to calculate water level, groundwater temperature and groundwater conductivity (in a number of stations). Frequency = hourly Resolution: 0.2 – 2 cm depending on instrument range 0.01oC 0.1% of conductivity reading Accuracy: 10 µS/cm, 0.2 oC, 0.1% full scale (pressure) 10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Monitoring is done every hour by 90 automatic loggers, the results are stored into the loggers and every 4 months, they collect the results. 11. Means of storage/availability ENVIS database

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After data collection, data compensation (conversion of hydrostatic pressure to water level) takes place through the appropriate software. After data compensation, QC procedures are followed prior and after entering of the data in to the department’s SQL database (EnvIS).

12. OTHER NOTES

There is an investigation associated with this monitoring, where the conditions of groundwater recharge are linked with rainfall events.

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Figure 1: Sampling locations

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Table 1: Co-ordinates of sampling points

Site ID Serial number E N 934 1978/154 507442 3888222 950 1979/016 546572 3860461 2180 1987/026 458672 3841401 2192 1987/038 505827 3890421 2303 1987/149 508451 3839721 2315 1987/161 530772 3869896 2593 1989/275 461402 3846371 2666 1990/060 465822 3846371 2760 1991/002 524702 3889081 2909 1991/151 456832 3840821 2916 1992/003 538622 3858251 3022 1993/001 508542 3885936 3204 1994/060 508152 3886221 3215 1994/071 494432 3862621 3226 1994/V05 504122 3888441 3292 1995/045 520462 3873911 3301 1995/054 495512 3869461 3394 1996/088 481472 3866101 3395 1996/089 489052 3871531 3531 1998/004 491382 3834741 3579 1998/052 503587 3838396 3589 1998/062 519812 3884031 3615 1998/088 510777 3887336 3641 1998/114 509892 3889601 3695 1999/031 503172 3886321 3698 1999/034 514572 3882771 3729 1999/065 475392 3879661 3737 1999/073 499471 3866071 3745 1999/081 508162 3841776 3767 2000/004 490382 3847366 3805 2000/042 519812 3880291 3827 2000/064 508702 3887221 3871 2000/108 512142 3863821 3891 2001/006 502462 3861141 3894 2001/009 534492 3888761 3904 2001/019 517887 3872581 3906 2001/021 526212 3889471 3919 2001/034 509862 3855131 3924 2001/039 522797 3871426 3927 2001/042 518567 3868711 3934 2001/049 491442 3869791 3943 2001/058 491032 3880061 3950 2001/065 517072 3851006 4007 1962/081 508022 3842611 4095 1971/052 538487 3880916 3331 1996/003 519562 3879571 WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 110

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3308 1995/061 497162 3871331 149 PB008B 451452 3843381 151 PB010 461632 3842951 192 PB044B 447352 3877771 306 1973/030 551707 3854711 548 1976/002 515782 3890581 578 1976/037 525592 3886821 609 1976/070 439322 3861121 623 1976/084 503972 3866921 716 1977/054 483642 3865671 483 1975/038 531602 3844407 14086 2004/011 531595 3844500 951 1979/017 527187 3856211 6406 1935/002 494606 3834142 13979 2003/020 500050 3879630 14000 2003/022 490120 3865515 14004 2003/021 477280 3872600 14036 EG2001/072 535535 3875100 14096 H5221-0279 481130 3836510 14033 2003/056 587745 3873695 14035 2003/058 584175 3873630 14074 2003/085 525265 3887575 13324 2002/087 517920 3892220 13325 2002/088 492520 3881260 13342 2002/051 492020 3858395 12959 H5221-0280 481255 3837020 4800 2002/007 498043 3866936 4973 2002/V02 572111 3872066 5021 1965/144 449633 3871776 5037 2002/020 516552 3852001 6310 2002/022 457602 3885821 6343 2002/037 446322 3875896 13344 2002/054 459960 3867120 1571 1983/116 578727 3869201 1312 1982/004 513827 3890551 1346 1982/040 538402 3861491 1398 1982/093 491212 3838456 1499 1983/043 527837 3873366 1511 1983/055 530357 3852931 1525 1983/069 500492 3856671 1529 1983/073 551272 3859861 1676 1984/028 540102 3863971 1751 1984/104 438842 3861901 1033 1979/099 539522 3863671 9768 1950/063 569831 3878309 1977 1985/157 495107 3857381 2024 1986/043 508460 3863380 2059 1986/078 487477 3861631 2161 1987/007 539452 3857421

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KARST PROJECT MONITORING NETWORK - GSD

1. Name of the programme Karst Project monitoring network: this network is maintained within the framework of a research project focusing on land subsisting and pseudokarstic phenomena due to gypsum dissolution. 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank id still operational), expected ending date 2001 – Still operational

3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Sources and Environment

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Geological Survey Department Sampling: Geological Survey Department Analysis: Geological Survey Department Reporting: Geological Survey Department

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x no Depth) No of locations = 17, No of parameters = 15, Frequency = monthly No of records = 17 * 15 * 12 =3060 7. Number of sampling points 17 8. Type of data (Choose preferably from the following): a. Groundwater

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

Frequency Parameter (samples per year)

Groundwater level Monthly

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pH Monthly

Conductivity Monthly

Temperature Monthly

Full ionic (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Cl, SO4, CO3, HCO3, Monthly

NO3, NO2)

B Monthly

Traces Monthly

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Karst Project monitoring network: this network is maintained within the framework of a research project focusing on land subsisting and pseudokarstic phenomena due to gypsum dissolution.

11. Means of storage/availability ENVIS database

12. OTHER NOTES Figure 1: Sampling points

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Table 1: Co-ordinates of sampling points Site ID Serial number E N District 1959 1985/139 554762 3867841 Larnaka District 14180 H4010-895 553470 3865865 Larnaka District 14179 H4010-896 553680 3866950 Larnaka District 14181 H4010-540 553350 3866420 Larnaka District 14178 H4010-273 553510 3866860 Larnaka District 14217 2005/048 553105 3867145 Larnaka District 14209 2005/030 553415 3867245 Larnaka District 14175 2005/013 537330 3875755 Lefkosia District 13472 H1105-0148 535594 3875011 Lefkosia District 11402 P2441 535740 3875160 Lefkosia District 6382 1964/027 535192 3875135 Lefkosia District 13475 H1105-0265 536081 3875215 Lefkosia District 14215 2005/N2 535865 3875065 Lefkosia District 13474 H1105-0266 536284 3875466 Lefkosia District 14174 2005/012 535895 3875230 Lefkosia District 14167 2005/011 536810 3875430 Lefkosia District 14289 H1106-W480/1982 535200 3874825 Lefkosia District

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MONITORING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE AQUIFER ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME FOR EZOUSA RIVER

1. Name of the programme Monitoring of potential impacts of the aquifer enrichment programme for Ezousa River 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date Ongoing 3. Funding organization Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture. Natural Resources and Environment

4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting) Design: Water Development Department and State General Laboratory Sampling: Water Development Department Analysis: State General Laboratory and Water Development Department (Tersefanou) Reporting: No reporting

5. Budget indication (CYP per year or total programme) The overall budget for the program is not known.

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) 627noREcords = 11noLoc x 19noPar x 3

7. Number of sampling points 11 sampling points (8 ground waters, 1 surface water, 1 coastal water, 1 recycled water from WWT plant)

8. Type of data: a. Ground water b. Surface water c. Coastal water d. Recycled water

9. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

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Parameter Frequency Laboratory 3 times per year Cl- (January, April, Tersefanou Lab. September) -2 SO4 “ “ -2 CO3 “ “ Na+ “ “ K+ “ “ Ca+2 “ “ Mg+2 “ “ Fe+2 “ “ Bo “ “

BOD5 “ SGL COD “ “ - NO3 “ “ P-tot “ “ TOC “ “ General gas “ “ chromatographic profile Metals “ “ Enterococci “ “ Bacteriophage “ “ Toxic tests “ “

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): Investigative Programme for monitoring of potential impacts on the aquifer of tertiary treated effluent used in the Ezousa River Recharge Programme.

11. Means of storage/availability Digital Word/ Excel 12. Notes The coordinates of the above mentioned sampling points are not provided.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF AQUACULTURE REGULATIONS OF 2002

1.Name of the programme According to the Aquaculture Regulations of 2002, aquaculture companies have to submit to the Director of DFMR, twice a year, an Environmental monitoring Report. This should be conducted by an independent consultant that is approved by the Director of DFMR. 2. Starting and ending date (leave blank if still operational), expected ending date 2002-still operational 3. Funding organization Aquaculture companies 4. Executing organization & contact person (design, sampling, analysis, reporting)

5.Budget indication

6. Indication of yearly data volume (no. Records = noLoc x noPar x Freq. x noDepth) For year 2002: 45no. Records = 4 no.Loc x 5 no. Par x 2 Frequency + 5 no.Loc x 1 no. Par x 1)

7.Number of sampling points 4 sampling points (nutrients, chlorophyll) 5 sampling points (macro benthos) Total sampling points: 9

8. Type of data: a. Coastal Water b. Sediments

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c. Parameter category and frequency (alternative: real-time, one time)

Frequency Parameter (Samples per year) Twice per year (January – July) VII. NO3 Twice per year (January – July) VIII. NO2 Twice per year (January – July) IX. NH4 Twice per year (January – July) X. PO4 Twice per year (January – July) XI. Chlorophyll (2 replicates) XII. Macrobenthos Once per year (July) (5 replicates)

10. Programme serves the following use (objective): National compliance Aquaculture Regulations (2002)

12. Means of storage/availability Digital Excel / Word

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APPENDIX 7: - COMPLIANCE OF EXISTING MONITORING NETWORKS TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF DIRECTIVES - ASPECTS OF TECHNICAL CAPACITY AND CAPABILITY - LABORATORIES WORKING LEVEL - METHODOLOGIES – DETECTION LIMITS FOR:

ƒ DIRECTIVE 75/440/EEC - REQUIRED QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER INTENDED FOR THE ABSTRACTION OF DRINKING WATER ƒ DIRECTIVE 76/160/EEC - QUALITY OF BATHING WATER ƒ DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - POLLUTION CAUSED BY CERTAIN DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES DISCHARGED INTO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT ƒ COUNCIL DECISION 77/795/EEC - COMMON PROCEDURE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE FRESH WATER ƒ DIRECTIVE 78/659/EEC - QUALITY OF FRESH WATERS NEEDING PROTECTION OR IMPROVEMENT IN ORDER TO SUPPORT FISH LIFE ƒ DIRECTIVE 91/676/EEC - PROTECTION OF WATERS AGAINST POLLUTION CAUSED BY NITRATES FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES ƒ DIRECTIVE 91/271/EEC – CONCERNING URBAN WASTE WATER TREATMENT

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DIRECTIVE 75/440/EEC - REQUIRED QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER INTENDED FOR THE ABSTRACTION OF DRINKING WATER

The monitoring network on surface water for abstracting water for drinking purposes, planned by the WDD, contains approximately 24 sampling stations (9 dams and 15 rivers that feed into these dams) and requires the collaboration of two laboratories, SGL and WDD-TL. The minimum requirements in terms of method of analyses employed and sampling frequency, as well as the existing situation in Cyprus for the year 2005 are shown in the next table.

Compliance, Capacity - Capability All the required parameters specified in the Directive 75/440, are included in the initial monitoring programme developed by WDD and GSL. The analytical methods applied, with the exception of mercury, iron and barium analysis, fulfill the requirements of the Directive. The estimated annual workload for the implementation of this monitoring programme in its present form is estimated to be approximately 100 person-days for sampling and 80 person-days for conducting the corresponding chemical analyses. Full compliance with the Directive is not achieved at the moment due to the limited frequency of sampling. Specifically, 5 parameters are not measured at all and another 18 out of the remaining 39 parameters, initially included in this monitoring programme, are not measured frequently enough. It should be underlined that full implementation of the Directive in terms of methods employed and frequency of sampling would require an approximate annual workload of 190 person-days for sampling and 110 person-days for conducting the chemical analyses. The analytical workload is estimated to be 35 and 75 person-days per year for the WDD-TL and the SGL, respectively. The laboratories involved in the analyses have both highly trained personnel capable of conducting the analytical methods without jeopardizing the accuracy and the precision of the results. In addition both laboratories involved as shown in the following table have the necessary high technology equipment in order to fulfill the EU requirements and support laboratory personnel to carry out effectively all the analyses required.

Working Level of Laboratories - Accuracy of data – detection limits From the 39 parameters required to be monitored according to Directive 75/440/EEC the two laboratories have developed and applied methods for 39 parameters; fluoride is monitored but selenium, arsenic, cyanide, surfactants and phenols are not currently determined. However, Arsenic and Selenium will be measured in September using Hydride Generator, TOC will be measured by the end of the year due to instrument problem and lack of accessories and the same applies to cyanide. Surfactants and phenols are not monitored any more.

In order to ensure high quality data, all the analytical methods applied have been developed by international, accredited organizations such as the US-EPA, the APHA, the AWWA, the WEF or have received accreditation. From the 34 methods

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 2 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7 currently applied, 13 and 21 methods are carried out by the WDD and the SGL, respectively. SGL over the last few years has received accreditation for 9 out of the 21 methods conducted. The analytical methods applied, with the exception of odour detection, mercury, iron and barium analyses, fulfill the requirements of the Directive 79/869/EEC in terms of accuracy and detection limit.

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Table 1: Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of Directive 75/440 concerning the quality required of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water - Situation in Cyprus for the year 2005 Monitoring requirements for the implementation of the Directive Situation in Cyprus Number of Total Detection Laboratory Frequency of Compliance Reason for not Parameter Precision Accuracy Frequency1 Method of analysis monitoring number of Method applied Equipment used limit responsible sampling with EC complying points analyses #/year #/year WDD/SGL pH-meter: mp 230 Mettler 1 pH - ± 0,1 ± 0,2 8 in situ pH meter 20 9 180 APHA 4500-H,1998 YES (02) MP230 Not sufficient Photometric method using 2 Color mgPt/l 5 10% 20% 8 WDD 20 4 80 Aqua Tester (colour) NO frequency of the Pt-Co scale sampling filtering through a 0.45 µm or Not sufficient filtering and drying at 105oC Vacuum pump, Analytical 3 TSS mg/l - 5% 10% 8 centrifuging and drying at WDD 20 4 80 NO frequency of drying balance, Drying oven 105oC drying sampling Temperature, 4 - 0.5 1 8 in situ WDD 20 9 180 in situ thermometer YES oC conductivity-meters: 510pc-Cyrscan, Cyrscan Not sufficient WDD/SGL 5 Conductivity - 5% 10% 8 Electrometry with probe 20 4 80 APHA 2510-B, 1998 500CON Asset code: NO frequency of (02) TWT-0025 (WDD), Mettler sampling Toledo MC226 (SGL(O2)) Not sufficient Odour, 6 - - - 8 By successive dilutions WDD 20 4 80 NO frequency of Dilution Factor sampling Spectrophotometer Not sufficient Nitrates, 7 2 10% 20% 8 Spectrophotometry WDD 20 4 80 APHA 4500-NO3-B, 1998 UV/VIS/NIR, Model V-250, NO frequency of mgNO3/l JASCO sampling Not sufficient Fluorides Spectrophotometry or ion 8 0,05 10% 20% 1 SGL (02) 20 0 0 APHA 4500-FC, 1998 NO frequency of mgF/l selective method sampling Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) or AAE-ICP, Standard methods Not sufficient Molecular absorption Spectrophotometer ICP, 9 Dissolved iron 0,02 10% 20% 4 SGL (02) 20 1 20 for the examination of water YESNO frequency of spectophotometry (MAS) 1995 and wastewater, 1992 sampling following filtration through a 0.45 µm membrane

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AAE-ICP, Standard methods Not sufficient Spectrophotometer ICP, 10 Mn, mg/l Mn 0,01 10% 20% 4 AAS SGL (02) 20 1 20 for the examination of water NO frequency of 1995 and wastewater, 1992 sampling AAS-Graphite, Standard Not sufficient Copper, mg/l methods for the examination 11 0,05 10% 20% 4 AAS or Polorography SGL (06) 20 2 40 NO frequency of Cu of water and wastewater, sampling 1992 AAE-ICP, Standard methods Not sufficient Spectrophotometer ICP, 12 Zinc, mg/l Zn 0,01 10% 20% 4 AAS SGL (02) 20 2 40 for the examination of water NO frequency of 1995 and wastewater, 1992 sampling Spectrophotometer ICP, IRIS Interpid II XLD, ASX- 13 Boron, mg/l B 0,1 10% 20% 1 AAS WDD 20 4 80 APHA 3120 B,1998 YES 510 AutoSample, DTK Computer/dtk Atomic Absorption No sufficient Arsenic, mg/l 14 0,002 20% 20% 1 AAS SGL (06) 20 0 0 Hydride Generator Spectrometer, NO frequency of As SHIMADZU, 1997 sampling AAS-Graphite, Standard Atomic Absorption methods for the examination 15 Cd, mg/l Cd 0,0002 30% 30% 1 AAS or Polorography SGL (06) 20 1 20 Spectrometer, YES of water and wastewater, SHIMADZU, 1997 1992 AAS-Graphite, Standard Atomic Absorption Total Cr, mg/l methods for the examination 16 0,01 20% 30% 1 AAS SGL (06) 20 2 40 Spectrometer, YES Cr of water and wastewater, SHIMADZU, 1997 1992 AAS-Graphite, Standard Atomic Absorption methods for the examination 17 Lead mg/l Pb 0,01 20% 30% 1 AAS or Polorography SGL (06) 20 1 20 Spectrometer, YES of water and wastewater, SHIMADZU, 1997 1992 Atomic Absorption Not sufficient Selenium, mg/l 18 0,005 1 AAS SGL (06) 20 0 0 Hydride Generator Spectrometer, NO frequency of Se SHIMADZU, 1997 sampling AAS-Cold Vapour, Standard Atomic Absorption Mercury, mg/l methods for the examination 19 0,0001 30% 30% 1 Flameless AAS SGL (06) 20 1 20 Spectrometer, YES Hg of water and wastewater, SHIMADZU, 1997 1992 Barium, mg/l AAE-ICP, Standard methods Spectrophotometer ICP, Not sufficient 20 0,02 15% 30% 1 AAS SGL (06) 20 1 20 YES Ba for the examination of water 1995 frequency of

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and wastewater, 1992 sampling

Chapter 4500-CN Cyanide- Selective Electrode method, Not sufficient 21 Cyanide, mg/l 0,01 20% 30% 1 Spectrophotometry SGL (02) 20 0 0 Standard methods for the NO frequency of examination of water and sampling wastewater, 1992 Spectrophotometer Sulphates, Gravimetric analysis, EDTA 22 10 10% 10% 4 WDD 20 4 80 APHA 4500-SO4 E, 1998 UV/VIS/NIR, Model V-250, YES mg/l compleximetry, MAS JASCO Not sufficient Chlorides, MAS or titration (Mohr's WDD/SGL 23 10 10% 10% 8 20 4 80 APHA 4500-Cl B, 1998 Titration equipment NO frequency of mg/l Cl method) (02) sampling Chapter 5540C Anionic Surfactants surfactants as MBAS, Not sufficient (reacting with 24 0,05 20% 4 MAS SGL (10) 20 1 20 Standard methods for the Spectrophotometer NO frequency of methyl blue), examination of water and sampling mg/l wastewater, 1992 Spectrophotometer Not sufficient Phosphates, 25 0,02 10% 20% 8 MAS WDD 20 3 60 APHA 4500 P-B5, 1998 UV/VIS/NIR, Model V-250, NO frequency of P2O5 JASCO sampling Phenols (phenol index) Chapter 5530D Photometric Spectrophotometry 4- NOT paranitraniline, method, Standard methods 26 0,0005 0,0005 0,0005 4 aminoantipyrine method, SGL (06) 20 0 0 NO MEASURED 4- for the examination of water Paranitraniline method AT ALL aminoantipyrin and wastewater, 1992 e, mg/l Infrared spectrometry after GC SHIMADZU (GC- Dissolved or extraction by carbon In house validated method 17AV3 1, FID/FPD/FTD), 27 emulsified 0,01 0,2 30% 1 tetrachloride or gravimetric SGL (06) 20 3 60 YES METH 060307-GC/FID 2000 and GC/MS, Hewlett Hydrocarbons after extraction by petroleum Packard, 1996 ether HPLC WATERS Alliance SGL Validated method METH UV fluorescence after thin 2695 with Fluorescence 28 PAH, mg/l 0,00004 0,5 50% 1 SGL (06) 20 3 60 060308 using SPE- YES layer chromatography detector 474 and PDA, HPLC/Fluoresence detector 1995

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Groups: OPS, OCL, Trazines. OCL:EPA 508,1989, (Liquid- GC SHIMADZU (GC- liquid, GCE/ECD), 17AV3 1, FID/FPD/FTD), Total OPS/Triazines/Alacchlor: J. 2000, GC SHIMADZU Gas or liquid chromatography 29 pesticides, 0,0001 50% 50% 1 SGL (06) 20 3 60 ChromatographyA, 707 ECD, 1993, HPLC YES after extraction mg/l (1995), SPE-GC/FPT/NPD, WATERS Alliance 2695 Carbamates: J. Chrom.623 with Fluorescence detector (1992) ang Waters 1989, 474 and PDA, 1995 SPE-HPLC/Fluorescence det. Not sufficient Potassium Dichromate 30 COD, mg/l 15 20% 20% 8 SGL (10) 20 4 80 ISO 6060:1989 Spectrophotometer NO frequency of method sampling Winkler method or 31 DO mg/l ή % 5% 10% 10% 8 WDD 20 11 220 D.O-meter YES electrochemical method Determination of DO before 32 BOD mgO2/l 2 1,5 2 8 and after 5 days incubation at SGL (10) 20 8 160 ISO 5815:1989 YES 20oC without nitrification Mineralization and distillation by Kjeldahl method followed Not sufficient Distillator, 33 TKN, mg/l N 0,3 0,5 0,5 4 by ammonium determination SGL (10) 20 1 20 NO frequency of Spectrophotometer using spectrophotometry or sampling titration Spectrophotometer NH4N, mg/l 34 0,01 0,03 0,03 8 MAS WDD 20 9 180 UV/VIS/NIR, Model V-250, YES NH4 JASCO Substances GC SHIMADZU (GC- Extraction, evaporation in NOT extractable In house validated method 17AV3 1, FID/FPD/FTD), 35 11 11 1 vacuum at room temperature SGL (06) 20 0 0 NO MEASURED with METH 060307-GC/FID 2000 and GC/MS, Hewlett and weighing of residue AT ALL chloroform Packard, 1996 Chapter 9223/98 Enzyme Total MPN method or membrane substrate Coliform Test Not sufficient Incubator, Laminar flow, 36 Coliforms/100 5 4 filter cultured on an SGL (15) 20 3 60 method, Standard methods NO frequency of Autoclave equipment ml appropriate medium at 37 oC for the examination of water sampling and wastewater, 1998 Chapter 9223/98 Enzyme Faecal MPN method or membrane substrate Coliform Test Not sufficient Incubator, Laminar flow, 37 Coliforms/100 2 4 filter cultured on an SGL (15) 20 3 60 method, Standard methods NO frequency of Autoclave equipment ml appropriate medium at 44 oC for the examination of water sampling and wastewater, 1998

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ISO 7899-2:2000 Water Fecal MPN method or membrane Quality Detection and Incubator, Laminar flow, 38 streptococci/1 2 1 filter cultured on an SGL (15) 20 3 60 Enumeration of Intestinal YES Autoclave equipment 00ml appropriate medium at 37 oC Enterococci-part 2, membrane filtration Concentration by filtration or ISO 6340:1995-Water inoculation, enrichment and Incubator, Laminar flow, 39 Salmonella 1/5000 ml 1 SGL (15) 20 1 20 Quality-Detection of YES transfer into gelese, Autoclave equipment Salmonella species identification

1 assuming that the quality of the abstracted water for drinking

is A2 and that the reservoir serves more than 100,000 p.e.

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DIRECTIVE 76/160/EEC - QUALITY OF BATHING WATER

The design of the monitoring network on the quality of bathing water is made by the Medical and Public Health Office in collaboration with the Environment Service. The sampling is carried out by the Medical and Public Health Office whose staff that performs the sampling is trained for sampling techniques in general upon their employment. The SGL undertakes the analytical work and the Environmental Service is responsible for reporting the results to the EU. The results are also included in the report of the MED-POL phase III Programme, which is a responsibility of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research. A database is maintained.

Compliance, Capacity - Capability The sampling protocol and the analytical methods applied fulfil the requirements of the Directive and full compliance with the Directive is achieved. The microbiological parameters (total coliforms, faecal coliforms) are monitored twice-a-month and enterococci only for specific areas (blue flags). The physicochemical parameters (mineral oils, surface –active substances, phenols, color, transparency and floating substances) are also monitored twice-a-month. All these except for phenols are measured by optical observation in situ. For non- complying parameters more frequent sampling is carried out. In total there are 100 sampling points.

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Table 2: Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of Council Directive 76/160 concerning the quality of bathing waters - Situation in Cyprus for the year 2005

Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of the Directive Situation in Cyprus for the year 2005

Number of Sampling Laboratory Frequency of Total number Equipment Parameters Method of analysis monitoring Method applied Compliance with EC Frequency responsible sampling of analyses employed points

in terms of in terms of #/year methods sampling employed frequency Incubator, Laminar Most propable number 1 Total Coliforms Fortnightly1 Most propable number or membrane filtration SGL 100 12 1200 flow, Autoclave YES YES or membrane filtration equipment Incubator, Laminar Most propable number 2 Faecal Coliforms Fortnightly1 Most propable number or membrane filtration SGL 100 12 1200 flow, Autoclave YES YES or membrane filtration equipment Faecal 3 2 Most propable number or membrane filtration Streptococci 4 Salmonella 2 Membrane filtration Concentration by filtration, flocculation or 5 Enteroviruses 2 centrifiguration and confirmation 6 pH 2 Electrometry 7 Colour 1,2 Fortnightly Visual inspection or photometry with standards Medical Services 100 12 1200 Visually not required YES YES 8 Mineral oils 1,2 Fortnightly Visual inspection extraction and gravimetry Medical Services 100 12 1200 Visually not required YES YES Surface active Visual inspection or dosorption spectometry with 9 1,2 Fortnightly Medical Services 100 12 1200 Visually not required YES YES substances methylene blue Verification of absence of specific odour due to 10 Phenols 1,2 Fortnightly phenol or absorption spectrometry (4-AAP Medical Services 100 12 1200 Visually not required YES YES method) 11 Transparency 1Fortnightly Secchi 's disk Medical Services 100 12 1200 Visually not required YES YES 12 DO 2 Winkler method or use of an oxygen meter

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Floating 13 1Fortnightly Visual inspection Medical Services 100 12 1200 Visually not required YES YES substances 14 Ammonia 3 Spectrophotometry 15 Kjeldahl nitrogen 3 Kjeldahl method 16 Pesticides 2 Extraction and chromatographic determination 17 Heavy metals 2 AAS 18 Cyanides 2 Spectrophotometry Nitrates and 19 2 Spectrophotometry phosphates

1 when previous results show no deterioration the competent authorities may reduce the number of samples by 2 2 monitored in the case where the substance may be present or when there is deterioration of water quality 3 these parameters should be checked when there is a tendency towards eutrophication

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DIRECTIVE 76/464/EEC - POLLUTION CAUSED BY CERTAIN DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES DISCHARGED INTO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

The implementation of the Council Directive 76/464/EEC on dangerous substances discharges and relative “daughter” Directives 83/513 on cadmium discharges, 84/156/EEC on mercury discharges, 84/491/EEC on hexacyclohexane discharges and 86/280/EEC on certain dangerous substances, has been applied to some of the dangerous substances appearing in List I of the Directive 76/464. Until now no specific programme for any substances of List II of the Directive has been conducted in Cyprus. Monitoring of 17 of the dangerous substances of List I, that are included in the “daughter” Directives, has been conducted once during the year 2005. The monitoring network for the implementation of these Directives, planned by the SGL, WDD, the DFMR and the Environment Service, contains approximately 4 sampling stations for inland surface waters, 7 sampling stations for coastal waters and 1 sampling station for ground waters, as well as monitoring of industrial effluents. All the analyses of the samples are made by the SGL.

SURFACE WATERS Compliance, Capacity - Capability For the daughter Directives full compliance is not achieved since 2 of the 17 substances have not been measured at all and the rest of the substances have been measured only once per year. It should be noted that although according to the Directive, each Member State is entitled to decide on the frequency, sampling site and methods of analyses, it is not certain that the limited data provided by the implementation of this monitoring programme will be sufficient in the framework of the Directive requirements fulfillment. The minimum requirements in terms of method of analyses employed and sampling frequency as well as the existing situation in Cyprus for the year 2005 are shown in the following table. The estimated annual workload for the implementation of this monitoring programme in its present form is estimated to be approximately 2 person-days for sampling and 8 person-days for conducting the chemical analyses required. A more thorough monitoring programme with a minimum sampling frequency of 4 times per year could be implemented at an approximate workload of 8 person- days per year for sampling and 40 person-days for the chemical analyses of the samples. The SGL that is involved in the analyses has highly trained personnel capable of conducting efficiently the analytical methods and is equipped with the necessary instrumentation in order to fulfil the EU requirements.

Working Level of Laboratories - Accuracy of data – detection limits From the 17 dangerous substances of List I that are to be monitored, SGL has developed and applied methods for 15 parameters; pentachlorophenol and isodrin are not currently monitored. The determination of the analytical methods employed fulfill the requirements of the Directive 79/869/EEC in terms of accuracy and detection limit.

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 12 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7 GROUND WATERS Compliance, Capacity - Capability

According to the directives 76/464/EEC for pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community and 80/68/EEC for the protection of groundwater against pollution caused by certain dangerous substances, the required number of sampling sites is not specified. However, in Cyprus monitoring for the above Directives has been conducted once, during 2005, in one (1) ground water sampling site. For this sample, 25 parameters were analysed. It is not certain that the limited data provided by the implementation of this monitoring programme will be sufficient in the framework of the Directive requirements fulfillment. The estimated annual workload for the implementation of this monitoring programme in its present form is approximately 1 person-day for ground water sampling and 30 person-days for the chemical analysis.

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Table 3: Minimum monitoring requirements of surface waters for the implementation of Council Directive 76/464 and 82/176, 83/513, 84/491, 86/280 on limit values and quality objectives for discharges of certain dangerous substances included in list I of the Annex in Directive 76/464/EEC - Situation in Cyprus

Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of the Directive Situation in Cyprus for the year 2005

Expected Number of Total Accuracy Laboratory Frequency Method Parameters Method of analysis D.L. Precision 1 Sampling monitoring number of Equipment employed D.L. Compliance with EC 1 responsible of sampling applied Frequency2 points analyses

in terms of in terms of #/year #/year µg/l methods sampling employed frequency

GC Hewlett Packard with split- Carbon 06 03 1 Gas Chromatography 0,1µg/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,001 YES PARTIALLY Tetrachloride 113 and detectors ECD/FID

Gas Chromatography with ECD 06 02 GC Shimadzu with split-splitless 2 DDT after extraction by means of an 4 µg/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 0,002 YES PARTIALLY 023 injector and 2 ECDs appropriate solvent

High pressure liquid NOT chromatography with ECD after NOT 3 Pentaclorophenol 0,1 µg/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 0 DEVELO NO NO extraction by means of an MEASURED PED appropriate solvent

Gas Chromatography with ECD 06 02 GC Shimadzu with split-splitless 4 Aldrin after extraction by means of an 2,5 ng/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 0,001 YES PARTIALLY 023 injector and 2 ECDs appropriate solvent

Gas Chromatography with ECD 06 02 GC Shimadzu with split-splitless 5 Dieldrin after extraction by means of an 2,5 ng/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 0,002 YES PARTIALLY 023 injector and 2 ECDs appropriate solvent

Gas Chromatography with ECD 06 02 GC Shimadzu with split-splitless 6 Endrin after extraction by means of an 2,5 ng/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 0,001 YES PARTIALLY 023 injector and 2 ECDs appropriate solvent

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 14 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

Gas Chromatography with ECD NOT NOT 7 Isodrin after extraction by means of an 2,5 ng/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 0 DEVELO NO NO MEASURED appropriate solvent PED

Gas Chromatography with ECD GC Hewlett Packard with split- Hexachlorobenze 0,03 06 03 8 after extraction by means of an ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,003 YES PARTIALLY ne µg/l 113 appropriate solvent and detectors ECD/FID

Gas Chromatography with ECD GC Hewlett Packard with split- Hexachlorobuta- 06 03 9 after extraction by means of an 0,1µg/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,0006 YES PARTIALLY diene 113 appropriate solvent and detectors ECD/FID

GC Hewlett Packard with split- 06 03 10 Chloroform Gas Chromatography 0,1µg/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,0004 YES PARTIALLY 113 and detectors ECD/FID

Gas Chromatography with ECD after extraction by means of an appropriate solvent or Gas GC Hewlett Packard with split- Chromatography following by 06 03 11 1,2 dichloroethane 1 µg/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,025 YES PARTIALLY means of the "purge and trap" 113 and detectors ECD/FID process and by traping using cryogenically cooled capillary trap

Gas Chromatography with ECD GC Hewlett Packard with split- 06 03 12 Trichloroethylene after extraction by means of an 0,1µg/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,003 YES PARTIALLY 113 appropriate solvent and detectors ECD/FID

Gas Chromatography with ECD GC Hewlett Packard with split- 06 03 13 Perchloroethylene after extraction by means of an 0,1µg/l ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,0004 YES PARTIALLY 113 appropriate solvent and detectors ECD/FID

Gas Chromatography with ECD GC Hewlett Packard with split- 0,010 06 03 14 Trichlorobenzene after extraction by means of an ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,002 YES PARTIALLY µg/l 113 appropriate solvent and detectors ECD/FID Atomic Absorption 06 01 AAS Shimadzu, with mercury 15 Cadmium 0,1 µg/l ± 30% ± 30% 4 SGL 4 1 4 0,2 YES PARTIALLY Spectrophotometry 063 vaporizer unit

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 15 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

Atomic Absorption 06 01 AAS Shimadzu, with mercury 16 Mercury 0,1 µg/l ± 30% ± 30% 4 SGL 4 1 4 0,2 YES PARTIALLY Spectrophotometry 063 vaporizer unit Gas Chromatography with ECD GC Hewlett Packard with split- Hexachlorocycloh 0,010 06 03 17 after extraction by means of an ± 50% ± 50% 4 SGL 4 1 4 splitless injector Purge and Trap 0,001 YES PARTIALLY exane µg/l 113 appropriate solvent and detectors ECD/FID

1 The accuracy and precision of the method are reported as a percent at a concentration which represents twice the value of the detection limit 2 Sampling frequency is determined by the member state 3 Analytical methods that are not expected to be accredited in the near future

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 16 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

COUNCIL DECISION 77/795/EEC - COMMON PROCEDURE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ON THE QUALITY OF SURFACE FRESH WATER

The monitoring network on surface water for the exchange of information in the Community, planned by WDD contains 2 monitoring stations on two rivers. All analyses required are conducted by the SGL.

Compliance, Capacity - Capability The minimum requirements in terms of method of analyses employed and sampling frequency as well as the existing situation in Cyprus for the year 2005 are shown in the following table. All the required parameters specified in the Decision 77/795 are monitored in Cyprus. The analytical methods applied fulfill the requirements of the Directive. The estimated annual workload for the implementation of this monitoring programme in its present form is estimated to be approximately 8 person-days for sampling and 32 person-days for conducting the chemical analyses required. Full compliance with the Directive is not achieved at the moment due to the limited frequency of sampling. However, full implementation of the Decision may be achieved by increasing the sampling frequency at an estimated workload of 24 person-days for sampling and 55 person-days for conducting the chemical analyses carried out by the SGL. The GSD is involved in the in situ field measurements and sampling (pH, conductivity, temperature and DO) whereas all the remaining parameters are analysed by SGL. Both departments have highly trained personnel capable of conducting efficiently the analytical methods and are equipped with the necessary instrumentation in order to fulfill the EU requirements. With respect to the measurements of flow rate in the two rivers, these are provided by the results of Water level – flow – rivers automatic monitoring programme conducted by WDD (Appendix 6), on a daily basis, which fulfill the requirements of Decision 77/795/EEC. The Decision requires the flow to be measured in situ each time sample is taken, the above mentioned water level - flow monitoring programme provides the relevant data, because the Decision 77/795 monitoring stations are close to those of the Water level – flow – rivers monitoring programme.

Working Level of Laboratories - Accuracy of data – detection limits From the 19 parameters required to be monitored according to the Directive, SGL has developed and applied reference methods for all of them. These methods are according to international, accredited organizations such as the US-EPA, the APHA, the AWWA, the WEF or have received accreditation. In fact from the 21 analytical methods conducted by SGL, 9 have received accreditation. All the methods employed in this monitoring programme fulfill the requirements of the Decision 77/795/EEC.

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 17 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

Table 4: Minimum monitoring requirements for the implimentation of EU Directive 77/795/EEC on Exchange of Information about surface Fresh Water - Situation in Cyprus Requirements according to the EU Directive Situation in Cyprus for the year 2005 Laboratory Number of Number of Sampling Parameter Significant Reference method Frequency involved in monitoring analyses Method employed Compliance with the Directive frequency the analysis points annually Figures after in terms of in terms of

decimal point methods sampling frequency 1 Rate of flow, m3/sec 2 Flowmeter Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Flowmeter YES partially 2 Temperature, oC 1 Thermometry in situ Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Thermometry in situ YES partially 3 pH 1 Electrometry in situ Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Electrometry in situ YES partially 4 Conductivity, µS/cm 0 Electrometry Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Electrometry YES partially Titratiation or 5 Chlorides, mg/l Cl 0 Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Spectrophotometry YES partially spectophotometry 6 Nitrates, mg/l 2 Spectrometry Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Spectrophotometry YES partially

7 Ammonia, NH4 mg/l 2 Spectrometry Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Spectrophotometry YES partially Electrochemical or Winkler 8 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l O2 1 Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Electrochemical YES partially method

9 BOD5, mg/l O2 1 with nitrification inhibitor Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 with nitrification inhibitor YES partially

10 COD, mg/l O2 1 with potassium dichromate Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 with potassium dichromate YES partially 11 Total P, P mg/l 2 Spectrophotometry Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 Spectrophotometry YES partially Atomic absorption 12 Surfactants 2 Spectrophotometry Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 3 YES partially spectrophotometry Atomic absorption Atomic absorption 13 Total Cd, mg/l 4 Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 YES partially spectrophotometry spectrophotometry Flameless atomic absorption Flameless atomic absorption 14 Mercury, mg/l 4 Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 YES partially spectrophotometry spectrophotometry

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 18 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

Membrane filters in solid Membrane filters in solid 15 Faecal Coliforms/100ml 0 medium or liquid substrate in Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 medium or liquid substrate in YES partially tubes incubated at 37oC tubes incubated at 37oC

Membrane filters in solid Membrane filters in solid 16 Total Coliforms/100ml 0 medium or liquid substrate in Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 medium or liquid substrate in YES partially tubes incubated at 44oC tubes incubated at 44oC Membrane filters in solid Membrane filters in solid 17 Faecal Streptococcus/100ml 0 medium or liquid substrate in Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 medium or liquid substrate in YES partially tubes incubated at 37oC tubes incubated at 37oC Concentration by fitration, Concentration by fitration, inoculation into pre- inoculation into pre- enrichment medium and enrichment medium and 18 Salmonella 0 Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 YES partially identification following identification following tranfering into isolating tranfering into isolating gelese gelese

Member state will use their Microtox, Algaltest, Daphnia 19 Biological activity 0 Normally monthly SGL 2 Bi-monthly 7 YES partially perpective methods Test

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 19 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

DIRECTIVE 78/659/EEC - QUALITY OF FRESH WATERS NEEDING PROTECTION OR IMPROVEMENT IN ORDER TO SUPPORT FISH LIFE

The monitoring network on the quality of fresh waters in order to support fish life, planned by the WDD, DFMR and SGL contains 22 sampling stations and requires the collaboration between these three agencies.

Compliance, Capacity - Capability The minimum requirements in terms of method of analyses employed and sampling frequency as well as the existing situation in Cyprus for the year 2005 are shown in the following table. From the 9 parameters mandatory to be monitored within the context of this Directive, 2 parameters are not monitored at all, and 6 parameters are not monitored at a sufficient frequency (i.e. monthly). The estimated annual workload for the implementation of this monitoring programme in its present form is estimated to be approximately 45 person-days for sampling and 40 person-days for conducting the chemical analyses required. Full implementation of the Directive would require an approximate workload of 60 person-days per year for sampling and 35 person-days for the chemical analyses of the samples. The lower work load related to the sample analyses is because it is assumed that for the parameters not mandatory to be monitored monthly, the sampling frequency will be 6 times per year, instead of the current one, which is 9 times per year. As mentioned previously, the SGL involved in the analyses has highly trained personnel capable of conducting efficiently the analytical methods and is equipped with the necessary instrumentation in order to fulfill the EU requirements.

Working Level of Laboratories - Accuracy of data – detection limits Two laboratories -namely SGL and WDD-TL- are involved in the analytical work. From the 14 parameters included in this monitoring programme the two laboratories have developed and applied methods for 12 parameters; petroleum hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds are not currently monitored. However, the Directive requires only visual examination of the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds and therefore the inclusion of these two parameters in the existing monitoring programme will not create any additional workload. All the analytical methods applied are according to international, accredited organizations such as the US-EPA, the APHA, the AWWA, the WEF or have received accreditation. In fact, 3 analytical methods conducted by SGL, have received accreditation. All the analytical methods employed in this monitoring programme, fulfill the requirements of the Directive 77/795/EEC.

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 20 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

Table 5: Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of EU Directive 78/659 on the quality of fresh waters needing protections or improvement to support fish life - Situation in Cyprus for 2005 Requirements according to the EU Directive Situation in Cyprus for the year 2005 Laborato ry Total Reason for Salmonid Cyprinid Methods of Frequency of responsi Number of Frequency of number of Analytical Compliance not Parameter Waters Waters analysis sampling ble monitoring points sampling analyses method applied Equipment used with EC complying G I G I #/year #/year

Weekly both upstream 9/year for large dams Temperature of a point 10 large dams and 1 √ √ Thermometry and downstream of a WDD and 1/year for small 102 in situ thermometry Thermometer YES of a thermal discharge 12 small dams thermal discharge dams Monthly minimum one Not 9/year for large dams Winkler method or sample representative 10 large dams and in situ using DO sufficient 2 Dissolved oxygen, mg/l √ √ WDD and 1/year for small 102 portable DO meter NO specific electrodes of low DO conditions of 12 small dams electrode frequency of dams the day of sampling sampling Not 9/year for large dams 10 large dams and in situ and in the sufficient 3 pH √ √ Electrometry Monthly WDD and 1/year for small 102 portable pH meter NO 12 small dams lab using electrode frequency of dams sampling Filtration through a 9/year for large dams Vaccum pump, Total suspended solids, 10 large dams and 4 √ √ 0.45 µm filter or - SGL (10) and 1/year for small 102 filtration and drying Analytical balance, YES mg/l 12 small dams centrifugation dams Drying oven

Determination of Determination of DO DO before and not 9/year for large dams before and after 5 10 large dams and after 5 days sufficient 5 BOD5, mgO2/l √ √ - SGL (10) and 1/year for small 102 YES days incubation at 12 small dams incubation at 20oC sampling dams 20oC with nitrification without frequency nitrification

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 21 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

9/year for large dams 10 large dams and APHA 4500 P-B5, 6 Total P, mg/l P Spectophotometry - SGL (2) and 1/year for small 102 Spectrophotometer YES 12 small dams 1998 dams

9/year for large dams 10 large dams and 7 Nitrites, mg/l NO2− √ √ Spectophotometry - SGL (2) and 1/year for small 102 Spectophotometry Spectrophotometer YES 12 small dams dams

Only when there is a 10 large dams and Not 8 Phenolic compounds √ √ By taste not measured NO presence 12 small dams monitored

Monthly visually and by taste only when the Petroleum Visual 10 large dams and Not 9 √ √ presence of not measured NO hydrocarbons By taste 12 small dams monitored hydrocarbons is presumed Spectophotometry Not Spectophotometry 9/year for large dams Spectrophotometer 10 large dams and and temperature sufficient 10 Non-ionized NH3 mg/l and temperature and Monthly SGL (2) and 1/year for small 102 UV/VIS/NIR, Model NO 12 small dams and pH frequency of pH measurements dams V-250, JASCO measurements sampling Spectophotometry Not Spectophotometry 9/year for large dams Spectrophotometer 10 large dams and and temperature sufficient 11 Total NH4, mg/l √ √ and temperature and Monthly SGL (2) and 1/year for small 102 UV/VIS/NIR, Model NO 12 small dams and pH frequency of pH measurements dams V-250, JASCO measurements sampling Not 3/year for large dams 10 large dams and sufficient 12 Total residual chlorine √ √ DPD method Monthly WDD and 0/year for small 30 NO 12 small dams frequency of dams sampling AAE-ICP, Not 9/year for large dams Standard methods Atomic absorption 10 large dams and Spectrophotometer sufficient 13 Total Zn, mg/l √ √ Monthly SGL (6) and 1/year for small 102 for the examination NO spectrophotometry 12 small dams ICP, 1995 frequency of dams of water and sampling wastewater, 1992

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 22 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

AAS-Graphite, 9/year for large dams Standard methods Atomic Absorption Atomic absorption 10 large dams and 14 Dissolved copper √ √ - SGL (6) and 1/year for small 102 for the examination Spectrometer, YES spectrophotometry 12 small dams dams of water and SHIMADZU, 1997 wastewater, 1992

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 23 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

DIRECTIVE 91/676/EEC - PROTECTION OF WATERS AGAINST POLLUTION CAUSED BY NITRATES FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES

The monitoring network on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, planned by the GSD and the DFMR, contains 9 sampling stations for inland surface waters, 11 for coastal waters and 218 for ground waters. All analyses required are conducted by the GSD, except for those referred to the coastal waters which are performed by the DFMR.

Compliance, Capacity - Capability The minimum requirements in terms of method of analyses employed and sampling frequency as well as the existing situation in Cyprus for the year 2005 are shown in the following Table. All the required parameters specified in the Directive 91/676 are monitored in Cyprus. In addition to the EU requirements, nitrites, conductivity and pH are also monitored. The analytical methods applied fulfill the requirements of the Directive and full compliance with the Directive is achieved. The annual workload for all the monitoring conducted in the laboratory is estimated to be approximately 75 person-days for sampling for the surface waters and 200 person-days for the ground waters and 17 person-days for the chemical analyses of the samples. GSD has highly trained personnel capable of conducting efficiently the analytical methods and is equipped with the necessary instrumentation in order to fulfill the EU requirements. The analytical methods applied fulfill the requirements of the Directive but full compliance with the Directive is questionable if will be achieved.

Working Level of Laboratories - Accuracy of data – detection limits All analyses required for the implementation of this monitoring programme are conducted by the GSD except of those of the coastal waters which are conducted by DFMR. All the analytical methods applied by GSD, fulfill the requirements of the Directive.

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 24 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

Table 6: Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of EU Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources - Situation in Cyprus for surface waters Requirements according to the EU Directive Situation in Cyprus for the year 2005

Laboratory involved Number or Sampling Number of analyses Parameter Significant Reference method Frequency Method employed Compliance with the Directive in the analysis monitoring points frequency annually

in tems of Figures after in terms of sampling decimal point methods frequency 1 pH 1 Electrometry in situ not required SGD 20 Monthly 15 Electrometry in situ YES YES 2 Conductivity, µS/cm 0 Electrometry not required SGD 15 Monthly 15 Electrometry YES YES 3 Nitrates, mg/l 2 Spectrometry Normally monthly SGD 15 Monthly 15 Spectrophotometry YES YES 4 Nitrites, mg/l 2 Spectrometry not required SGD 15 Monthly 15 Spectrophotometry YES YES

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 25

Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

DIRECTIVE 91/271/EEC – CONCERNING URBAN WASTE WATER TREATMENT

The monitoring network on the quality and control of implementation within the specifications of the Directive, the relevant regulations and the Waste water Disposal Permits, planned by the ES contains 12 treatment plants of urban wastes ( 6 small plants and 6 major) and 9 treatment plants of industries of food production throughout the island. The monitoring will involve sampling and quality analysis of the disposed waters.

Compliance, Capacity - Capability The minimum requirements in terms of method of analyses employed and sampling frequency as well as the planned situation in Cyprus for the year 2007 are shown in the following tables. From the 5 parameters mandatory to be monitored within the context of this Directive, all are to be monitored at the specified frequency. Additionally, one parameter (FC) is to be monitored from three major treatment plants that dispose tertiary treated water to receiving waters and from Industries. Another parameter (FOG) is to be monitored from 9 industries and Electrical conductivity from one major treatment plant and the nine industries. The estimated annual workload for the implementation of this monitoring programme in its present form is estimated to be approximately 252 samples for BOD, COD and SS, 180 for TP and TN, 108 samples for FC, 60 for EC and 36 for FOG. A tender has been issued for the provision of services for this monitoring as per the requirements of Directive for Urban Wastes. This tender calls for provision of services for two years.

Working Level of Laboratories - Accuracy of data – detection limits The sampling is to be carried out by experienced and properly trained staff. The sampling will be made on predetermined dates, and by arrangement on the occasion of extraordinary cases. The sampling will be carried out on 24-hour compound samples where there are automatic samplers. All the terms and conditions for sampling and saving/conservation of samples as determined by the legislation and the ‘Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” and the provisions of the Directive are to be fully observed. The analyses are to be carried out in laboratories that systematically carry out wastewater analysis. The laboratory needs to be specialized in liquid waste analysis and to take part in inter-laboratory controls for wastes analysis and to have training certificates for the staff that will be employed for the sampling and analysis.

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 26 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

Table 7 Minimum monitoring requirements for the implementation of EU Directive 91/271 concerning urban waste water treatment - Situation in Cyprus for 2007 Requirements according to the EU Directive Planned Situation in Cyprus for the year 2007 Discharges from urban Discharges waste water from treatment agglomerations plants to of between 10 sensitive areas Laborato 000 and 15 000 which are Frequency of ry Total Reason for p.e., subject to Methods of sampling responsi Number of Frequency of number of Analytical Compliance not Parameter eutrophication analysis ble monitoring points sampling analyses method applied Sampling Point*** with EC complying #/year #/year 2 000 10 000 50 000 to 9 to 49 p.e. or 999p.e 999p. e over Homogenized, unfiltered, undecanted sample. Determination Biochemical oxygen of dissolved oxygen 12/year for small demand before and after five- 6 small plants plants outsourci 1 (BOD5 at 20 °C) √ √ day incubation 12* 12 24 6 large plants 24/year for large 252 As per Directive Exit of Tertiary YES ng without nitrification at 20 °C ± 1 °C, in 9 Food Industries plants e complete darkness. 4/year for Industries Addition of a nitrification inhibitor

Homogenized, 12/year for small Chemical oxygen unfiltered, 6 small plants plants demand undecanted sample outsourci 2 √ √ 12 12 24 6 large plants 24/year for large 252 As per Directive Exit of Tertiary YES (COD) Potassium ng 9 Food Industries plants dichromate 4/year for Industries

Total suspended Filtering of a 6 small plants 12/year for small outsourci 3 solids √ √ representative 12 12 24 6 large plants plants 252 As per Directive Exit of Tertiary YES ng sample through a 9 Food Industries 24/year for large

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 28 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

0,45 plants µm filter membrane. 4/year for Industries Drying at 105 °C and weighing — Centrifuging of a representative sample (for at least five mins with mean acceleration of 2 800 to 3 200 g), drying at 105 °C and weighing

Molecular absorption 5 from 3 large 24/year for large Total phosphorus outsourci 4 √ spectrophotometry 12 12 24 plants plants 180 As per Directive Exit of Tertiary** YES ng 9 Food Industries 4/year for Industries

Molecular absorption 5 from 3 large 24/year for large Total nitrogen outsourci 6 √ spectrophotometry 12 12 24 plants plants 180 As per Directive Exit of Tertiary** YES ng 9 Food Industries 4/year for Industries

*12 samples during the first year;four samples in subsequent years, if it can be shown that the water during the first year complies with the provisions of the Directive; if one sample of the four fails, 12 samples must be taken in the year that follows. ** A second sample at two large plants will be taken at the balancing reservoir of the untreated sewage *** For 2 Industries the sampling will be made at the exit of the secondary treatment

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 29 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 7

Table 8 Additional planned monitoring Planned Situation in Cyprus for the year 2007

Laboratory Number of monitoring Frequency of sampling Total number of Reason for not Parameter responsible points #/year analyses Analytical method applied Sampling Point Compliance with EC complying 3 from large plants 24/year for large plants Exit of Tertiary (except for FC outsourcing 9 Food Industries 4/year from Industries 108 As per Directive 2 industries at exit of secondary) 1 from large plants 24/year for large plants Exit of Tertiary (except for E.C outsourcing 9 Food Industries 4/year from Industries 60 As per Directive 2 industries at exit of secondary) Exit of Tertiary (except for FOG outsourcing 9 Food Industries 4/year from Industries 36 As per Directive 2 industries at exit of secondary)

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 30 Framework Conditions Report Appendix 8

APPENDIX 8: SAMPLING PROCEDURE FORMS

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 1

Framework Conditions Report Appendix 9

APPENDIX 9: DETAILED EVALUATION OF LABORATORIES

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 1

Framework Conditions Report Appendix 9

Five laboratories from SGL (labs 2, 6, 7, 10 and 15), DFMR laboratory, WDD laboratory (Tersefanou) and GSD laboratory are involved in water monitoring networks in Cyprus.

In addition to the aforementioned laboratories there are also some private laboratories involved indirectly in the implementation of National monitoring programmes (as subcontractors). Among these laboratories one is accredited for the analysis of 57 water quality parameters.

Based on the assessment performed by the project team for each of the aforementioned five laboratories the following points were noted.

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 9

WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT LABORATORY (Tersefanou):

Personnel qualification: 5 technicians (2 chemical engineers and 3 chemists). Three have been recently employed on a temporary basis. Training: All three new employees have almost completed their training and they are currently working actively in analyzing water samples. All the staff of the laboratory is regularly participating in seminars and conferences. Facilities: Sufficient number of rooms and satisfactory environmental conditions for water analyses and offices. However there is a need for additional areas for sample and data storage. Instrumentation: Available instrumentation is sufficient for the current activities of the laboratory (Appendix 10). Work load: The work load of the laboratory is high as in addition to its participation in water monitoring programmes its main activity is the monitoring of the water quality of 5 Water Treatment Plants and 2 Desalination Plants. It is estimated that only 10% of laboratory’s overall activity is devoted to analyses dealing with National water monitoring programmes. Accreditation: The laboratory is not accredited yet but tender documents have been prepared for initializing such procedure for the analysis of 13 parameters [Β (ICP), Cl (IC), NO3 (IC), SO4 (IC), BrO3 (IC), F (IC), PO4 (IC), Na (ICP and IC), K (ICP and IC), Ca (ICP and IC), Mg (ICP and IC), conductivity, pH – Appendix 11]. Methods: The methods which are currently used for water analyses are mostly according to the Standard Methods (APHA, WEF, AWWA). GLP: The quality control procedure that is followed for data validation purposes is limited to interlaboratory comparisons for 16 parameters (Na, K, Ca, Mg, As, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb with ICP and Cl, NO3, SO4 with IC, cond and pH) through participating in the EU-funded research programme SWIFT. No further data validation procedures are followed. Maintenance Contracts (5 years: 2005-2010) for IC and ICP. Calibration of lab equipment (2004 and 2005) : glassware, balances, incubators etc by authorized Calibration Laboratories - records (certificates) are maintained. Data handling: Only a small amount of data are imported to the existing database (QUALITY), whereas some data are stored in excel spreadsheets. There is no specific person in charge for data handling but every technician enters the results of the analyses that he or she performs to the database and the spreadsheets.

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 9

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY:

Personnel qualification: 6 technicians (2 biologists and 4 employees holding a secondary degree). Two of them (including one biologist) are hired on a temporary basis. Training: All employees evolved in water monitoring have been trained. Part of the laboratory’s staff is regularly participating in seminars and conferences. Facilities: Nutrient analyses room is space limited. Satisfactory environmental conditions for water analyses areas. Transfer of the laboratory in a new building is expected in near future. Instrumentation: Available instrumentation is rather limited for the current activities of the laboratory (Appendix 10). Work load: The main activity of the laboratory is focused on coastal waters monitoring. Accreditation: The laboratory is not accredited. Methods: The methods which are currently used for water analyses are mostly according to the Standard Methods (APHA, WEF, AWWA). GLP: No quality assurance procedure is followed. No records are maintained regarding instrumentation maintenance and service, calibration procedures, interlaboratory comparisons. DFMR is participating in the Intercalibration Exercise for seawater nutrients that is organized by MEDPOL /UNEP in collaboration with the Marine Laboratory of IAEA. Data handling: No information management system is available. The data are kept in excel spreadsheets.

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 4

Framework Conditions Report Appendix 9

STATE GENERAL LABORATORY (labs 2,6,7,10,15)

Personnel qualification: 4 technicians (lab 2), 5 technicians (lab 6), 2 biologists (lab 7), 3 technicians (lab 10), 5 microbiologists (lab 15). All technicians are holding university degree. Training: All employees evolved in water monitoring have been undergone departmental training. Part of the laboratory’s staff is regularly participating in seminars and conferences. Facilities: Analyses, storage and offices rooms are space limited (with the exception of lab15). Environmental conditions are satisfactory. Instrumentation: All laboratories are equipped with satisfactory instruments for water analyses which satisfy the needs of advanced high standard analytical methodologies (Appendix 10). Work load: The five laboratories of SGL have many activities apart from participation in National water monitoring programmes. Lab 6 is mainly concentrated on surface water monitoring and drinking water monitoring. Lab 7 activities are mostly related to ecotoxicological testing. Lab 10 contribution in the National water monitoring programmes is rather limited, whereas its major activities are related to the monitoring of the quality of treated urban and industrial wastewater and air pollution. Lab 2 major activity is related to the monitoring of the quality of drinking water, but also contributes with specific analyses to the existing water monitoring programs. Lab 15 performs all the microbiological analyses related to the existing water monitoring programmes, whereas other major activities are related to the microbiological monitoring of drinking water, swimming pools and sewage and sludges. Accreditation: All five laboratories are accredited according to the European and International Standards ISO/IEC/EN 17025. More specifically lab2 is accredited for the measurements of NO3, Cl, conductivity, ph and total hardness, lab 6 is accredited for the measurement of 4 trihalomethanes, 15 PAHs, 18 pesticides, 42 micropollutants and N-methylcarbonates, lab 7 has been accredited for the performance of 3 Microtox methods, lab 10 has been accredited for COD measurement and lab 15 for the microbiological analyses of TC, Pseudomonas, internal enterococci, culturable microorganisms, chlostridia, coliform bacteria, E. Coli and Legionellae (Appendix 11). Methods: A great number of methods used are accredited, whereas the non accredited methods are in house methods following the US-EPA protocols. However there is a need for additional methods development for dangerous substances. GLP: Each of the five laboratories is specialized and confined to its own area of work. The function and scope of each laboratory is clearly stated in its own Quality Manual, which is part of the SGL’s general Quality Manual and Quality Assurance System. Appropriate records are maintained regarding personnel, training, suppliers, instrumentation maintenance and service, accuracy and precision of methods, accredited methods, non accredited methods validation. Data handling: The current Laboratory Information Management System offers great opportunities for proper results entry, review and approval and reports and queries. To significantly increase the benefits from such a system this need to be used in a more interlaboratory matter.

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Framework Conditions Report Appendix 9

GSD laboratory

Personnel qualification: 7 technicians (1 chemical engineer, 1 chemist, 2 civil engineers, 2 hydrogeologists, 1 employee holding a secondary degree). Training: All employees involved in water monitoring have received departmental training. Part of the laboratory’s staff is regularly participating in seminars and conferences. Facilities: Sufficient number of rooms and satisfactory environmental conditions for water analyses and offices. Instrumentation: Available instrumentation is sufficient for the current activities of the laboratory. Work load: The main activity of the laboratory is focused on groundwater monitoring. Accreditation: The laboratory is currently in the process of accreditation for a number of methods. (Appendix 11) Methods: Most of the methods followed are in the process of accreditation. GLP: Appropriate quality assurance and quality control procedures are followed. Appropriate records are maintained regarding personnel, training, suppliers, instrumentation maintenance and service, accuracy and precision of methods, accredited methods, non accredited methods validation. Data handling: Quality control and quality assurance procedures are followed by two designated persons (hydrogeologists) prior, during and after entering the data in SQL database (EnvIS).

WFD Monitoring Project Contract No.46/2005 6