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1958-1974 Yillari Arasinda Kibris'ta Yerel Basinda Rum

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1958-1974 Yillari Arasinda Kibris'ta Yerel Basinda Rum T.C. ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI TAR-YL-2014-0005 1958-1974 YILLARI ARASINDA KIBRIS’TA YEREL BASINDA RUM MEZALİMİ HAZIRLAYAN Faruk Akın EMEK TEZ DANIŞMANI Yrd. Doç.Dr. Ayten CAN AYDIN- 2014 T.C. ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI TAR-YL-2014-0005 1958-1974 YILLARI ARASINDA KIBRIS’TA YEREL BASINDA RUM MEZALİMİ HAZIRLAYAN Faruk Akın EMEK TEZ DANIŞMANI Yrd. Doç.Dr. Ayten CAN AYDIN- 2014 Bu tezde görsel, işitsel ve yazılı biçimde sunulan tüm bilgi ve sonuçların akademik ve etik kurallara uyularak tarafımdan elde edildiğini, tez içinde yer alan ancak bu çalışmaya özgü olmayan tüm sonuç ve bilgileri tezde kaynak göstererek belirttiğimi beyan ederim. Adı Soyadı : Faruk Akın EMEK İmza : i YAZAR ADI-SOYADI: Faruk Akın EMEK BAŞLIK:1958-1974 Yılları Arasında Kıbrıs’ta Yerel Basında Rum Mezalimi ÖZET Bu çalışmada, Kıbrıs’taki Rum halkının 1958-1974 yılları arasında Türk halkına karşı yapmış olduğu mezalimler incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Kıbrıs Türk halkının günümüzde bir devlet olabilme mücadelesini verirken bulunduğu şartlar ve bu mücadele için hem cephede hem de cephe gerisinde de halkın sağladığı katkının büyüklüğü ile dayanma azmi yerel basın gözüyle irdelenerek ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, 1571-1959 yılları arasında ‟Kıbrıs Adası’nın Tarihi” hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ada sırasıyla Hitit, Finike, Asur, Mısır, Persler, Photomeler, Lüzinyan, Roma, Bizans, Emevi, İngiltere ve Osmanlı Devleti tarafından yönetilmiştir. Bu dönemler içerisinde en iyi yönetildiği dönem Osmanlı idaresinde kaldığı dönem olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemlerinden itibaren Rumlar arasındaki milliyetçi fikirlerin artması ile Enosis fikri ortaya çıkmış ve bu fikir doğrultusunda hareket edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ‟Kıbrıs Basın Tarihi” ele alınmış ve günümüze kadarki basın tarihinin gelişimi incelenerek Kıbrıs Milli Mücadelesindeki önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde 1958-1963 yılları arasında Rumların Türklere karşı giriştiği ilk şiddet olaylarından Sinde, Atlılar ve Üç Şehitler katliamları anlatılmıştır. Bu katliamlarla Türklere gözdağı vererek Türkleri adadan kaçırmak istenmiştir. Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde 1963-1974 yılları arasında yaşanan Kumsal Baskını, Ayvasıl, Arpalık, Geçitkale Katliamları ve Pilot Yzb. Cengiz Topel’in şehit edilişi anlatılmıştır. Vatanlarını terk etmeyen Kıbrıslı Türklere karşı şiddet olayları artmış, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti buna sessiz kalamamış ve tepki göstermiştir. ii Çalışmanın son bölümünde, 1974 yılında Rumların Enosis ve Akritas planlarını gerçekleştirmek için bir kez daha harekete geçmesiyle Alaminyo, Muratağa, Sandallar, Atlılar, Taşkent’de yapılan katliamlar ile birçok Türk'ün şehit edilmesi, öldürülen ve yaralı Kıbrıslı Türklerin topluca mezarlara gömülmeleri anlatılmıştır. ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER Kıbrıs, Cengiz Topel, Akritas, Kumsal, Taşkent, Enosis, Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı iii NAME-SURNAME: Faruk Akın EMEK TITLE: GREEK ATROCITIES IN LOCAL PRESS OF CYPRUS BETWEEN 1958-1974 ABSTRACT In this work, Cypriot Greek’s atrocities against the Turkish community between the years of 1958 - 1974 were examined. With this work, conditions of Turkish Cypriot people in their struggle to establish a sovereign state and importance of the contribution provided by the people both in front and behind the line for this struggle and also their willingness will be examined from the point of view of local press. In the first section of this study, information about "The History of Cyprus Island" between the years of 1571 and 1959 were given. The Cyprus island was ruled by Hittites, Phoenicians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Persians, Ptolemaics, Lusignans, Romans, Byzantines, Umayyads, Ottomans and British. It can be alleged that the best management was realized during the Ottoman rule. Rise of nationalist ideas among the Cypriot Greek Cypriots during the last periods of Ottoman Empire caused to born of the ENOSIS notion and activities of Greeks in accordance to it. In the second section of the work, history of press in Cyprus was examined, development of press to modern times was studied and importance of the press in the National Struggle of Cypriot Turks was illustrated. In the third section of the work, some of the earlier violent actions of the Greeks against the Turks; such as Sinde, Atlilar, Üçsehitler massacres was recited. These massacres were aiming to intimidate Turks and make them to leave the island. In the fourth section of this study, the Beach Raid, Ayvasıl, Arpalık, Gecitkale massacres and martyrdom of Pilot Lt. Cengiz Topel was described. By this time, the violences against the Cypriot Turkish people who had insisted to stay in their homes increased and Republic of Turkey reacted to the situation. In the last section of the study, martyrdom of Turks during the massacres of Alaminos, Murataga, Sandallar, Atlılar and Taskent conducted by the Cypriot Greeks iv who were acting for the purpose of the realization of the ENOSIS and Akritas and burial of killed or wounded Turks in mass graves. KEYWORDS Cyprus, Cengiz Topel, Akritas, Kumsal, Taşkent, Enosis, Turkish Resistance Organization. v ÖNSÖZ Coğrafyanın komşu yaptığı, tarihin düşman kıldığı Türk ve Rum milletlerinin ilişkileri, çoğu zaman farklı değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle Kıbrıs Tarihi konusunda Rum nüfusun adada çoğunlukta olması, adanın resmi tarihinin yazılmasında da Rumların kendilerini haklı gibi göstermelerine neden olmuştur. Adadaki Rumlar bütün ada için Enosis hareketini gerçekleştirmek istemekte, Türkler ise taksim veya federal bir devlet düşüncesini benimsemekteydi. Rum halkı, çoğunluk hakkı ile hayali bir yolu; Türk halkı ise insanca ve hür yaşama hakkını sağlayacak olan bir hareketi seçmişti. Adada yaşayan Kıbrıs Türklerinin tek amacı, hakları gasp edilmeksizin, vahşete ve saldırılara uğramaksızın yüzyıllarca Osmanlı Devleti’nin egemenliği altında olduğu gibi, Türk toprakları içerisinde huzur içinde yaşamak olmuştur. Kıbrıslı Rumlar dünyada kendi seslerini daha çok çıkararak tarihteki bazı geçeklerin üstünü örtmeye çalışmaktadır. Kıbrıslı Türkler ise bu konuda çeşitli ambargoların uygulanması sebebiyle seslerini dünyada duyurmakta yeteri kadar başarılı olamamıştır. Günümüzde Rumlar tarafından Türklere AB üyeliği vaadiyle geçmiş unutturulmak istenmekte veya yapılanlar sindirilmek istenmektedir. ‟Tarihini bilmeyen milletlerin coğrafyasını başkaları çizer” sözü herkesin aklından çıkarmaması gereken bir olgudur. Bu doğrultuda gerçeklerin, yaşananların Türk halkı tarafında iyi anlaşılıp öğrenilmesi gerekir. Kıbrıs Adası jeopolitik öneminden dolayı da dünya siyasetinde önemini her daim koruyacaktır. Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti dış politikalarını belirlemede çok dikkatli olmaları gerekmektedir. Yapılacak en küçük bir hata bile adada eski acıların tekrar yaşanmasına neden olabilir. Çalışmamın her aşamasında bilgi birikimi ve tecrübeleriyle beni yönlendiren, ilgisini ve desteğini hiç esirgemeyen danışman hocam Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ayten CAN’a; araştırmam sırasında birçok konuda derin bilgilerini benden esirgemeyen ve beni yönlendiren hocam Sayın Prof. Dr. Mehmet DEMİRYÜREK’ e; her türlü kaynağa ulaşmamı sağlayan Kıbrıs Milli Arşiv ve Araştırma Dairesi ve çalışanlarına, günümüze dek Kıbrıs ile ilgili basılmış kitap v.b kaynaklara ulaşmamı sağlayan Kıbrıs Enformasyon Dairesi’ne, çalışmam sırasında desteğini esirgemeyen eşim Yelda EMEK, kızım Nehir ile oğlum Eymen’e teşekkürleri bir borç bilirim. vi İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET…………………………………………………………...................................... i ABSTRACT................................................................................................................... iii ÖNSÖZ….................……………………………………….......................................... v İÇİNDEKİLER………………………………………………………………............. vi KISALTMALAR VE SİMGELER LİSTESİ............................................................. ix EKLER LİSTESİ………………………………………………………...................... x GİRİŞ……………………………………….……………............................................. 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM KIBRIS TARİHİ 1.1. 1571-1959 ARASI……………………………………............................................ 5 1.1.1. Kıbrıs’ta Osmanlı Yönetimi……….…………….............................................. 5 1.1.2. Kıbrıs Türklerinin Kökeni…………………………......................................... 6 1.1.3.Kıbrıs’ın İngilizlerin Eline Geçmesi……........................................................... 7 1.1.4. Enosis……………………………………………………................................. 8 1.1.5. Kıbrıslı Savaşçılar Milli Organizasyonu (EOKA)…….................................. 9 1.1.6. Zürih ve Londra Antlaşmaları............................................................................ 11 1.1.7. Garanti Antlaşması............................................................................................. 12 1.2. 1959-1983 ARASI…….………………………....................................................... 13 1.2.1. Makarios' un Anayasa Değişiklik Önerisi……………………………............. 13 1.2.2. Akritas Planı....................................................................................................... 15 1.2.3. 1964 – 1974 Döneminde Türk Halkı.…………...…………………................. 17 1.2.4. 15 Temmuz 1974 Darbesi…………………………………………….............. 18 1.2.5. Mutlu Barış Harekâtı (20 Temmuz 1974) ve Kıbrıs Türk Federe Devleti (13 19 Şubat 1975)……………....…………………...…………................................. 1.2.6. Doruk Antlaşmaları (1977 – 1979) ve Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin 20 İlanı………………………………………..…………......................................
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