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Atratus (Camarodonta: Echinometridae) After Eight Decades from the Rocky Shore of Kodiyaghat (Port Blair), South Andaman Islands, India

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Atratus (Camarodonta: Echinometridae) After Eight Decades from the Rocky Shore of Kodiyaghat (Port Blair), South Andaman Islands, India OPEN ACCESS All arfcles publfshed fn the Journal of Threatened Taxa are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Interna - fonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa The fnternafonal journal of conservafon and taxonomy www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Note Reappearance of the rare Shfngle Urchfn Colobocentrotus (Podophora ) atratus (Camarodonta : Echfnometrfdae ) after efght decades from the rocky shore of Kodfyaghat (Port Blafr), South Andaman Islands, Indfa Vfkas Pandey & T. Ganesh 26 September 2016 | Vol. 8 | No. 11 | Pp. 9377–9380 10.11609/ jot. 2406 .8.1 1.9377-9380 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT.asp For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes.asp For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct.asp For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 September 2016 | 8(11): 9377–9380 Note Reappearance of the rare Shingle Urchin a substantial group of marine Colobocentrotus (Podophora) atratus organisms including sea cucumbers, (Camarodonta: Echinometridae) after sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, eight decades from the rocky shore of and feather stars reach highest ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) diversity in reef environments, but ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Kodiyaghat (Port Blair), South Andaman are also widespread on shallow Islands, India shores. Due to their wide trophic OPEN ACCESS preferences as, detritivores, filter- Vikas Pandey 1 & T. Ganesh 2 feeders, grazers, scavengers and 1,2 Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry active predators, they play an University, Brookshabad Campus, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar important role in structuring benthic communities in Islands 744112, India shallow coastal reaches (Himmelman & Dutil 1991). 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) Investigation on echinoderms of Indian waters was initiated as early as 1743 by Plancus and Gualtire (James 1983) when they reported Acanthaster planci off Andaman & Nicobar Islands are situated between Goa coast. Bell (1887) reported echinoderms from the 6045’–13045’N & 92012’–93057’E in the south-eastern Bay Andaman Islands for the first time. However works on of Bengal. The The Andaman group of Islands is broadly echinoderms attained momentum after the works done separated into three regions, viz., North Andaman, Middle by James (1987). Later Julka & Das (1978) did an extensive Andaman and South Andaman that contributes to 30% of study on shallow water starfishes of these Islands. Sastry Indian exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and a 1,962km long (1998, 1999, 2001, 2002) documented many echinoderms coastal line. Marine faunal diversity of these Islands have of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, which added several new not been completely explored despite the fact that the species of echinoderms to the established list from these coastal zones and fringing reefs of Andaman and Nicobar islands. Islands harbours a rich variety of echinoderms, which is Sea urchins fall under the class Echinoidea, are approximately half the echinoderm fauna of the Indian echinoderms with alimentary, reproductive, nervous and subcontinent (Sastry 2007). water-vascular systems enclosed within a ‘test’ or shell Echinoderms have always drawn the attention usually rigid (rarely flexible) made up of plates, which of scientists since early times due to their beautiful bear movable spines. They are one of the most common symmetrical shape and accessibility on intertidal zone and very important component of near-shore marine (James 1983). These are exclusively marine benthic benthic communities worldwide that plays a major role invertebrates and contains about 6,500 known species in regulating the abundance, distribution and species and constitutes the only major group of deuterostome composition of marine plants through selective feeding in invertebrates, with relatively large and pentamerous radial a variety of habitats (Hernandez et al. 2008). As prey to a symmetrical body. The echinoderms that encompass variety of predators (Pearse 2006) they act as a connecting DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2406.8.11.9377-9380 Editor: M. Nithyanandan, Environmental Department, La Ala Al Kuwait Real Estate. Co. K.S.C., Kuwait. Date of publication: 26 September 2016 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # 2406 | Received 04 July 2016 | Final received 31 August 2016 | Finally accepted 02 September 2016 Citation: Pandey, V. & T. Ganesh (2016). Reappearance of the rare Shingle Urchin Colobocentrotus (Podophora) atratus (Camarodonta: Echinometridae) after eight decades from the rocky shore of Kodiyaghat (Port Blair), South Andaman Islands, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8(11): 9377–9380; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/ jott.2406.8.11.9377-9380 Copyright: © Pandey & Ganesh 2016. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, repro- duction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: This work was carried out with the Pondicherry University fellowship. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the authorities of Pondicherry UniversityLOGOs for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this work and for the University fellowship to Vikas Pandey, and the Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair for their help 9377 Reappearance of Shingle Urchin in South Andaman Islands Pandey & Ganesh link between primary producers and carnivores. Regular epifaunal groups within the quadrat were enumerated at sea urchins are mostly herbivores and feed on algae species-level in the field to estimate species diversity and (Barbera et al. 2011), whereas burrowing sea urchins abundance. Simultaneously, digital photographs were are detritivore deposit feeders (Lawrence 2006). These taken for further taxonomic study. For the present study forms play an important role in bio-turbation, especially site (Kodiyaghat) no specific permits were required as the spatangoids are important in this process due to their location is not privately owned or protected in any way, size, abundance and mobility (Chiold 1989; Barbera et al. and the present study of Shingle Urchin is not a protected 2011). By feeding on algae, urchins maintain the balance species of India. between coral erosion and algal growth. They are also Five individuals of C. atratus were found at Kodiyaghat considered very sensitive bio-indicators (Zizka 2012) to (11031’532”N & 92043’457”E), on an uneven rocky terrain various nutrients and heavy metal pollution. with a number of tide pools and big rocks. This location is Colobocentrotus atratus (Linnaeus, 1758), commonly directly connected to open sea and subjected to extreme known as shingle urchin or helmet urchin, under the family wave action. For the first time in the three years of Echinometridae was previously named as Echinus atratus study period, only during the August 2014 sampling, five Linnaeus, 1758. Colobocentrotus (Podophora) atratus is individuals of Shingle Urchins were noticed towards the the currently accepted name (Clark & Rowe 1971). Genus lower shore where the wave action was very high. At Colobocentrotus has very peculiar morphology amongst this location a thorough survey was made to find more the regular echinoids. The aboral spines are reduced and individuals in the north-south direction (~1km, parallel similar in length, which gives an overall compact mosaic to the coast), but no individuals were noticed during the structure on the aboral side of the urchin. Whereas, oral survey other than the recorded five. part of the urchin is surrounded by marginal flattened The individuals of C. atratus were examined for their spines projecting from the ambitus (Clark & Rowe 1971). morphological characters (viz., number of ambulacral The tips of marginal spines are rounded and swollen, which plates, marginal flattened spines, colour of the test and makes the overall external shape of the urchin smooth and spines, the size of the test, and structure of tube feet). resembles a limpet or helmet. After a thorough examination, digital photographs were Shingle Urchin C. atratus is an occupant of extreme wave obtained for later reference. Considering the sparse swept areas of intertidal zone throughout the Indo-west population of the species, no individuals were removed Pacific (Santos & Flammang 2008), and possess significant from this area. medicinal properties. Albeit their high abundance in Taxonomy and Discussion: coastal waters of Hawaii, they were conferred the title Phylum: Echinodermata of nationally endangered species by the Government Class: Echinoidea Leske, 1778 of Hawaii (McCormack 2007). This species was never Order: Camarodonta Jackson, 1912 reported from the mainland coast of India. Even from the Family: Echinometridae Grey, 1855 Andaman Islands where this species was reported for the Genus: Colobocentrotus Brandt, 1835 first time (Sastry 2005), no reports are available after its Sub genus: Podophora Agassiz, 1840 occurrence (only one specimen) in the year 1935. But one Species: atratus (Linnaeus,
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