DOCSLIB.ORG

Description on Anatomy and Histology of Echinometra Mathaei (Echinoidea: Camarodonta: Echinometidae), the Persian Gulf Sea Urchi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Description on Anatomy and Histology of Echinometra Mathaei (Echinoidea: Camarodonta: Echinometidae), the Persian Gulf Sea Urchi Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 4(2) 1-27 2018 Description on anatomy and histology of Echinometra mathaei (Echinoidea: Camarodonta: Echinometidae), the Persian Gulf sea urchin F Piryaei 1, P Ghavam Mostafavi 1, D Shahbazzadeh 2, K Pooshang Bagheri 2* 1 Department of Marine Biology, Graduate school of Marine Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2 Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, of Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Received: March 2018 Accepted: July 2018 Abstract Echinoids were collected at depth of 0-5 m from Aboral view was seen as a round shape coastal water of Larak Island, the Persian Gulf consisted of tube feet, spines, pedicellariae, in January 2016. Soft tissues of the animal madreporite, genital plate, ocular plate and including peristome, peritoneum, gills, podium, anus. In both oral and aboral view seven types ampulla, axial organ, gonads and food canal of spines and five types of pedicellariae were were taken and fixed in %10 formalin. Five reported. Histological evaluation showed the micron sections were stained by hematoxylin organization of their layers and cells. In this and eosin method and studied under light study some anatomical and histological features microscope. The anatomy and histology of of the Persian Gulf Echinometra mathaei were Downloaded from ijaah.ir at 17:26 +0330 on Friday October 8th 2021 [ DOI: 10.29252/ijaah.4.2.1 ] organs including peristome, peritoneum, gills, characterized. The data presented in this paper podium, ampulla, axial organ, gonads and food could be illuminating the path for marine canal were investigated. In oral view, biologists, anatomists, and histologists to use peristome, mouth, teeth, gills, spines, and this creature in their desired research areas, pedicellariae were the six major compartments. basic or industrial approaches. *Correspondence K Pooshang Bagheri, Venom and Keywords: Sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei, Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Anatomy, Histology, The Persian Gulf Dept, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: [email protected]). Introduction 1 F Piryaei et al., Description on anatomy and histology of the Persian Gulf sea urchin In spite of significant value of The Persian Gulf The external bodies of sea urchin are ecosystems in terms of biodiversity, a few classified in two regular and irregular groups. studies were locally conducted on marine Regular one has pentagon include sea urchin animals of its environment. Up to now, no study and the irregulars include sand dollar and heart was documented regarding anatomy, histology, like morphology. The color in sea urchins is and cell morphology of the Persian Gulf sea varied from black, red, and brown to purple and urchin, E. mathaei. light pink (Uexkull, 1896, 1900 & 1907). The sea Urchins belong to the phylum of The body shape in sea urchin is spherical Echinodermata, a large group of marine basal surrounded by sharp spines and hundreds of deuterostomes with 7000 species that tube feet provided them the ability to move on originated from Cambrian period. rock and soft surfaces. Their mouth composed Although sea urchin was named by Klein as of five teeth surrounded by a soft tissue Echinoderm in 1734 but Linea classified this (Amarowicz, Synowiecki & Shahidi 2012). creature in invertebrates (Molluscs). Lamark in The coelomic cavity is encompassing 1801 located these creatures in radiata group gonads, aquatic vascular system, and the gut and classified them along with sea stars and sea that are suspended in the coelomic fluid. cucumber in the phylum of Echinodermata Coelomic fluid contains different kinds of cell )Prouho 1887(. The first species of the Persian populations. The entity of this fluid is similar to Gulf Echinoidea was reported by Seba in 1758 sea water, but has lower salinity and also (Mortensen & Gislen 1940). includes some proteins (Smith, Ghosh, Up to now, about 8000 species of sea Buckley, Clow, Dheilly, Haug, Henson, Li, urchins (Echinometra genus) have been Lun, Majeske, & Matranga 2010). reported in oceans as common marine Among seven reported species of Persian invertebrates. Echinometra genus consists of Gulf and Oman Sea Echinoidea, E. Mathaei is seven species including E. insularis, E. more frequent than the others and lived in lucunter, E. l. polypora, E. mathaei, E. m. coastal water reefs and rocks (Khaleghi & Downloaded from ijaah.ir at 17:26 +0330 on Friday October 8th 2021 [ DOI: 10.29252/ijaah.4.2.1 ] oblonga, E. vanbrunti, and E. viridis (Kroh & Owfi, 2010; Mahdavi, Haghighat Khazaei, & Mooi 2013). They live in a wide variety of Karamzadeh 2008). It was first reported by depth from coastal waters to deep regions of Blainville in 1825 (Mortensen, 1943; Nisiyama West Indian Ocean to Hawaii territory (Clark & 1966). Rowe, 1971; Kroh & Mooi, 2013). As there was no comprehensive study The sea urchins groups have been founded concerning characterization of the Persian Gulf in the middle or the lowest area of marine coral Sea urchin, E. mathaei, this study was aimed to reefs near the coastal areas, walk away during investigate the anatomy and histology of some night and feed from alga, plants, and dead of its compartments. creatures (Hyman, 1995). Materials and Methods 2 Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health Sample collection Before access to internal organs, to Five specimens of E. mathaei ranged from 55 ethically manipulation of the specimens, they to 70 g were collected manually at depth of 0 to incubated on ice for 45 min. In internal view, 5 m from coastal waters of Larak island, The coelomic cavity, digestive system, Aristotle’s Persian Gulf (26°51’12” N 56°21’20” E) in lantern, ampulla, gonads, epithelium January 2016. The specimens were kept alive (Peritoneum), and axial organ were evaluated. and transferred to the laboratory. The All of observations were macroscopically specimens were maintained in a flow-through documented by a digital camera (canon kiss aquarium and were acclimatized at least for two x3). weeks prior to experiments. Genus and species Histology of the collected specimens were determined Internal organs including epithelium, tube feet, based on morphological determinants described ampulla, axial organ, digestive system, by Price (1983 and 1986). peristome, and gonads were removed on ice and Anatomy fixed in buffered formal (10%, pH = 7) (Sigma To study of the anatomy of the specimen, its Co. Germany) . After 48 h, the tissue samples general characteristics including shape, size, were processed in an automated tissue processor color, spines, tube feet, and shell were and embedded in paraffin wax. The sections at investigated. 4–5 µm thick were prepared and stained with External view was classified to oral and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. aboral poles. In oral view, mouth and its peripherals (i.e. teeth, peristome, and Results pedicellariae) were investigated. In aboral Taxonomy of E. mathaei view, anus, madreporite, gonopores, and genital The position of this genus is presented in Table 1. plate and foramen were studied. Table 1. Systematics of E. mathaei Downloaded from ijaah.ir at 17:26 +0330 on Friday October 8th 2021 [ DOI: 10.29252/ijaah.4.2.1 ] Phylum class order Family Genus species Echinodermata Echinoidea Echinoida Echinometridae Echinometra mathaei Anatomy External anatomy was classified to oral and samples was varied from 4 to 8 cm. The average aboral views. In general view, peristome, tube weight of the samples was 65 ± 5 g. feet, spines, pedicellariae, and gills were seen. Oral view E. mathaei was spherical in shape and had a In oral view, peristome, mouth, teeth, and gills dark violet or brown color. The size of our were the four major compartments (Fig.1). 3 F Piryaei et al., Description on anatomy and histology of the Persian Gulf sea urchin Figure 1. Oral view of the Persian Gulf sea urchin, E. mathaei. Image demonstrates elements of external morphology including mouth, tube feet, spines and gills. Peristome and mouth Peristome consisted of a peripheral layer in red overlapped conical tissues was seen in pink to color (Fig. 2A) that was free of spines and a few red color that was surrounded by a circular dark small pedicellariae located on its surface (Fig. red line (Fig. 2B). Since, 5 pairs of small thick 2A). These pedicellariae were shown as small tube feet were located just in the periphery of or medium size rods with a thicker head the mouth, it was speculated that these were resembling a closed fork (Fig. 2A). The inner interfering to tightly sticking to the desired food dark brown layer was adjacent to the mouth and to immobilizing it to be dispersed by the teeth. heavily carpeted with small pedicellariae (Fig. The origin of this kind of tube feet and their 2B). Five pairs of small tube feet were located mode of action can be a challenging issue that in circle line in periphery of inner layer of the may induce an interest to future studies. Downloaded from ijaah.ir at 17:26 +0330 on Friday October 8th 2021 [ DOI: 10.29252/ijaah.4.2.1 ] peristome (Fig. 2A). Mouth was located in According to our observation, the five teeth central lower oral view consisted of five teeth were capable to rotate in different directions. (Fig. 2B) which were surrounded by a soft layer This flexibility was arisen from the flexibility called as lip (Fig. 2B). Five diaphragms like of connective tissue in peristome. Furthermore, tissues in pink color were located in the below we observed that the peristome can elongated of each tooth (Fig. 2B). In semi- or complete centrally to cover the teeth and this may lead to closed mouth view, an array of many close the mouth cavity. 4 Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health Figure 2. Macroscopic demonstration of peristome.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Uranium Uptake in Paracentrotus Lividus Sea Urchin, Accumulation
    Uranium Uptake in Paracentrotus lividus Sea Urchin, Accumulation and Speciation Benjamin Reeves, Maria Rosa Beccia, Pier Lorenzo Solari, Danil Smiles, David Shuh, Catherine Berthomieu, Didier Marcellin, Nicolas Bremond, Luisa Mangialajo, Sophie Pagnotta, et al. To cite this version: Benjamin Reeves, Maria Rosa Beccia, Pier Lorenzo Solari, Danil Smiles, David Shuh, et al.. Uranium Uptake in Paracentrotus lividus Sea Urchin, Accumulation and Speciation. Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, 2019, 53 (14), pp.7974-7983. 10.1021/acs.est.8b06380. hal-02196756 HAL Id: hal-02196756 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02196756 Submitted on 12 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Environmental Science & Technology This document is confidential and is proprietary to the American Chemical Society and its authors. Do not copy or disclose without written permission. If you have received this item in error, notify the sender and delete all copies. Uranium uptake in Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin, accumulation and speciation Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Manuscript ID es-2018-06380c.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 10-May-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Reeves, Benjamin; Universite Cote d'Azur, ICN Beccia, Maria Rosa; Universite Cote d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice Solari, Pier Lorenzo; Synchrotron Soleil, Smiles, Danil; Chemical Sciences Division, Glenn T.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishment of a New Genus for Arete Borradailei
    Zoological Studies 46(4): 454-472 (2007) Establishment of a New Genus for Arete borradailei Coutière, 1903 and Athanas verrucosus Banner and Banner, 1960, with Redefinitions of Arete Stimpson, 1860 and Athanas Leach, 1814 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) Arthur Anker1,* and Ming-Shiou Jeng2 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Naos Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, USA. E-mail:[email protected] 2Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. E-mail:[email protected] (Accepted October 5, 2006) Arthur Anker and Ming-Shiou Jeng (2007) Establishment of a new genus for Arete borradailei Coutière, 1903 and Athanas verrucosus Banner and Banner, 1960, with redefinitions of Arete Stimpson, 1860 and Athanas Leach, 1814 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zoological Studies 46(4): 454-472. Arete borradailei Coutière, 1903 and Athanas verrucosus Banner and Banner, 1960 are transferred to Rugathanas gen. nov., based on several unique features on the chelipeds, 3rd pereiopods, antennules, and mouthparts. The estab- lishment of Rugathanas enables the redefinition of Athanas Leach, 1814 and Arete Stimpson, 1860, and a for- mal revalidation of Arete, formerly a synonym of Athanas. Two important features, the number of pereiopodal epipods and the number of carpal segments of the 2nd pereiopod, are variable within Rugathanas gen. nov., but may be used to distinguish Athanas from Arete. The distribution ranges of R. borradailei (Coutière, 1903) comb. nov. and R. verrucosus (Banner and Banner, 1960) comb. nov. are considerably extended based on recently collected material from the Ryukyu Is., Japan; Kenting, southern Taiwan; and Norfolk I., off eastern Australia. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/46.4/454.pdf Key words: Alpheidae, New genus, Athanas, Arete, Indo-Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth, Regeneration, and Damage Repair of Spines of the Slate-Pencil Sea Urchin Heterocentrotus Mammillatus (L.) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)!
    Pacific Science (1988), vol. 42, nos. 3-4 © 1988 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Growth, Regeneration, and Damage Repair of Spines of the Slate-Pencil Sea Urchin Heterocentrotus mammillatus (L.) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)! THOMAS A. EBERT2 ABSTRACT: Spines of sea urchins are appendages that are associated with defense, locomotion, and food gathering. Spines are repaired when damaged, and the dynamics of repair was studied in the slate-pencil sea urchin Hetero­ centrotus mammillatus to provide insights not only into the processes of healing . but also into the normal growth of spines and the formation of growth lines. Regeneration of spines on tubercles following complete removal of a spine was slow and depended upon the size of the original spine. The maximum amount of regeneration occurred on tubercles with spines of intermediate size (1.6 g), which, on average, developed regenerated spines weighing 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7 g after 4, 8, and 12 months, respectively. Some large tubercles, which had original spines weighing over 3 g, failed to develop a new spine even after 8-12 months. Regeneration ofa new tip on a cut stump was more rapid than production of a new spine on a tubercle . Regeneration to original size was more rapid for small spines than for large spines, but large stumps produced more calcite per unit time. In 4 months, a small spine with a removed tip weighing 0.15 g regenerated a new tip weighing 0.09 g, or 63% of its original weight. In the same time, a large spine with 2.35 g of tip removed regenerated 0.40 g of new tip, or 17% of the original weight.
    [Show full text]
  • (Echinoidea, Echinidae) (Belgium) by Joris Geys
    Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol. 26(1) 3-10 1 fig., 1 tab., 1 pi. Leiden, maart 1989 On the presence of Gracilechinus (Echinoidea, Echinidae) in the Late Miocene of the Antwerp area (Belgium) by Joris Geys University of Antwerp (RUCA), Antwerp, Belgium and Robert Marquet Antwerp, Belgium. Geys, J., & R. Marquet. On the presence of Gracilechinus (Echinoidea, in the of — Echinidae) Late Miocene the Antwerp area (Belgium). Meded. Werkgr. Tert. Kwart. Geol., 26(1): 00-00, 1 fig., 1 tab., 1 pi. Leiden, March 1989. Some well-preserved specimens of the regular echinoid Gracilechinus gracilis nysti (Cotteau, 1880) were collected in a temporary outcrop at Borgerhout-Antwerp, in sandstones reworked from the Deurne Sands (Late Miocene). The systematic status of this subspecies is discussed. The present state of knowledge of the Echinidae from the Neogene of the North Sea Basin is reviewed. Prof. Dr J. Geys, Dept. of Geology, University of Antwerp (RUCA), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Dr R. Marquet, Constitutiestraat 50, B-2008 Antwerp, Belgium, Contents — 3 Introduction, p. 4 Systematic palaeontology, p. 6 Discussion, p. Echinidae in the Neogene of the North Sea Basin—some considerations on 8 systematics, p. 10. References, p. INTRODUCTION extensive excavations the of E17-E18 indicated E3 Because of along western verge motorway (also as ‘Kleine and Ring’) at Borgerhout-Antwerp (Belgium), a remarkable outcrop of Neogene Quaternary beds accessible from The was March to November 1987. outcrop was situated between this motorway and the and extended from the the both ‘Singel’-road, ‘Stenenbrug’ to ‘Zurenborgbrug’, on sides 4 of the exit.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf Underwater Routes
    UNDERWATER ROUTES of the western Algarve CONTENTS CREDITS COORDINATION: Jorge M. S. INTRODUCTION 3 Gonçalves e Mafalda Rangel TEXT: Mafalda Rangel DIVING IN THE ROUTES 5 RESEARCH TEAM: Mafalda Rangel, Luís Bentes, Pedro MAP OF THE NETWORK OF UNDERWATER ROUTES 8 Monteiro, Carlos M. L. Afonso, Frederico Oliveira, Inês Sousa, SCUBA DIVING ROUTES 10 Karim Erzini, Jorge M. S. Gonçalves (CCMAR – Centre of GRUTA DO MARTINHAL (SAGRES) 10 Marine Sciences) PHOTOGRAPHY: Carlos M. L. PONTA DOS CAMINHOS (SAGRES) 12 Afonso, David Abecasis, Frederico Oliveira, João Encarnação/ “POÇO” (ARMAÇÃO DE PERA) 14 Subnauta (p.7), Jorge M. S. Gonçalves, Nuno Alves (p.19), SNORKELING ROUTES 16 Pedro Veiga ILUSTRATION_ Underwater P. 2 PRAIA DA MARINHA (LAGOA) 16 slates: Frederico Oliveira GRAPHIC DESIGN AND PRAIA DOS ARRIFES (ALBUFEIRA) 18 ILUSTRATION: GOBIUS Comunication and Science PHOTOS 20 COLABORATION: Isidoro Costa ADB COORDINATION: José CURIOSITIES 25 Moura Bastos TRANSLATION: Mafalda DANGERS 26 Rangel, Fátima Noronha CONTACTS: INTEREST FOR CONSERVATION 26 _CCMAR - Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve: Universidade do READING SUGGESTIONS 27 Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, FCT Ed7, 8005-139 Faro Telf. 289 800 051 http://www.ccmar.ualg.pt HOW TO QUOTE THIS PUBLICATION: _ADB - Agência Desenvolvimento Rangel, M.; Oliveira, F.; Bentes, L.; Monteiro, P.; Afonso, C.M.L.; do Barlavento, Rua Impasse à Rua Sousa, I.; Erzini, K.; Gonçalves, J.M.S.. 2015. Underwater Routes Poeta António Aleixo, Bloco B, GENTES D’MAR of the windward Algarve. Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), R/c, 8500-525 Portimão, Portugal Algarve University; Agência Desenvolvimento do Barlavento Telf. 282 482 889 (ADB). GOBIUS Communication and Science, 27p.
    [Show full text]
  • Singapore Biodiversity Records Xxxx
    SINGAPORE BIODIVERSITY RECORDS 2017: 96 ISSN 2345-7597 Date of publication: 28 July 2017. © National University of Singapore Zebra crab on a sea-urchin at Changi Beach Subjects: Zebra crab, Zebrida adamsii (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Eumedonidae); Sea-urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides (Echinoidea: Camarodonta: Temnopleuridae). Subjects identified by: Neo Mei Lin. Location, date and time: Singapore Island, Changi Beach; 25 June 2017; around 0600 hrs. Habitat: Estuarine. Intertidal seagrass meadow. Observers: Contributors. Observation: A single zebra crab with carapace width of about 10 mm was found on the surface of a sea- urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides (Fig. A & B). Remarks: Members of the eumedonid crabs are known obligates on sea-urchins. Zebrida adamsii is widely distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific (Ng & Chia, 1999), and has been documented on one occasion in Singapore (Johnson, 1962). This is believed to be the first record of the species on Changi Beach. The host sea urchin was found with a naked inter-ambulacral zone (as indicated by the white arrow in Fig. A), which could be due to Z. adamsii feeding on the urchin’s tube-feet and tissues (Saravanan et al., 2015). This suggests that the crab is parasitic on the sea urchin. References: Johnson, D. S., 1962. Commensalism and semi-parasitism amongst decapod Crustacea in Singapore waters. Proceedings of the First Regional Symposium, Scientific Knowledge Tropical Parasites, Singapore. University of Singapore. pp. 282–288. Ng, P. K. L. & D. G. B. Chia, 1999. Revision of the genus Zebrida White, 1847 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Eumedonidae). Bulletin of Marine Science. 65: 481–495. Saravanan, R., N.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gut Microbiome of the Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus, from Its Natural Habitat Demonstrates Selective Attributes of Micro
    FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 92, 2016, fiw146 doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiw146 Advance Access Publication Date: 1 July 2016 Research Article RESEARCH ARTICLE The gut microbiome of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, from its natural habitat demonstrates selective attributes of microbial taxa and predictive metabolic profiles Joseph A. Hakim1,†, Hyunmin Koo1,†, Ranjit Kumar2, Elliot J. Lefkowitz2,3, Casey D. Morrow4, Mickie L. Powell1, Stephen A. Watts1,∗ and Asim K. Bej1,∗ 1Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA, 2Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA, 3Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA and 4Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA ∗Corresponding authors: Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH464, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA. Tel: +1-(205)-934-8308; Fax: +1-(205)-975-6097; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] †These authors contributed equally to this work. One sentence summary: This study describes the distribution of microbiota, and their predicted functional attributes, in the gut ecosystem of sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, from its natural habitat of Gulf of Mexico. Editor: Julian Marchesi ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe the microbial composition and their predictive metabolic profile in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus gut ecosystem along with samples from its habitat by using NextGen amplicon sequencing and downstream bioinformatics analyses. The microbial communities of the gut tissue revealed a near-exclusive abundance of Campylobacteraceae, whereas the pharynx tissue consisted of Tenericutes, followed by Gamma-, Alpha- and Epsilonproteobacteria at approximately equal capacities.
    [Show full text]
  • Invertebrate Predators and Grazers
    9 Invertebrate Predators and Grazers ROBERT C. CARPENTER Department of Biology California State University Northridge, California 91330 Coral reefs are among the most productive and diverse biological communities on earth. Some of the diversity of coral reefs is associated with the invertebrate organisms that are the primary builders of reefs, the scleractinian corals. While sessile invertebrates, such as stony corals, soft corals, gorgonians, anemones, and sponges, and algae are the dominant occupiers of primary space in coral reef communities, their relative abundances are often determined by the activities of mobile, invertebrate and vertebrate predators and grazers. Hixon (Chapter X) has reviewed the direct effects of fishes on coral reef community structure and function and Glynn (1990) has provided an excellent review of the feeding ecology of many coral reef consumers. My intent here is to review the different types of mobile invertebrate predators and grazers on coral reefs, concentrating on those that have disproportionate effects on coral reef communities and are intimately involved with the life and death of coral reefs. The sheer number and diversity of mobile invertebrates associated with coral reefs is daunting with species from several major phyla including the Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Echinodermata. Numerous species of minor phyla are also represented in reef communities, but their abundance and importance have not been well-studied. As a result, our understanding of the effects of predation and grazing by invertebrates in coral reef environments is based on studies of a few representatives from the major groups of mobile invertebrates. Predators may be generalists or specialists in choosing their prey and this may determine the effects of their feeding on community-level patterns of prey abundance (Paine, 1966).
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Reproductive Biology of Echinometra Lucunter
    Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil LIMA, EDUARDO J.B.; GOMES, PAULA B.; SOUZA, JOSÉ R.B. Reproductive biology of Echinometra lucunter (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in a northeast Brazilian sandstone reef Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 81, núm. 1, marzo, 2009, pp. 51-59 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32713478007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative “main” — 2008/12/16 — 13:23 — page 51 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2009) 81(1): 51-59 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) ISSN 0001-3765 www.scielo.br/aabc Reproductive biology of Echinometra lucunter (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in a northeast Brazilian sandstone reef EDUARDO J.B. LIMA1, PAULA B. GOMES2 and JOSÉ R.B. SOUZA1 1Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Área de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brasil 2Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Área de Ecologia Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brasil Manuscript received on April 2, 2008; accepted for publication on July 22, 2008; presented by ALEXANDER W.A. KELLNER ABSTRACT The edible sea urchin Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) is a very common species on the sublittoral-midlittoral in Brazilian rocky shores.
    [Show full text]
  • Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
    MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Edible sea urchin (Echinus esculentus) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Dr Harvey Tyler-Walters 2008-04-29 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1311]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Tyler-Walters, H., 2008. Echinus esculentus Edible sea urchin. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1311.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2008-04-29 Edible sea urchin (Echinus esculentus) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Echinus esculentus and hermit crabs on grazed rock.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Marine Research, Sears Foundation for Marine Research
    The Journal of Marine Research is an online peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research on a broad array of topics in physical, biological, and chemical oceanography. In publication since 1937, it is one of the oldest journals in American marine science and occupies a unique niche within the ocean sciences, with a rich tradition and distinguished history as part of the Sears Foundation for Marine Research at Yale University. Past and current issues are available at journalofmarineresearch.org. Yale University provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes only. Copyright or other proprietary rights to content contained in this document may be held by individuals or entities other than, or in addition to, Yale University. You are solely responsible for determining the ownership of the copyright, and for obtaining permission for your intended use. Yale University makes no warranty that your distribution, reproduction, or other use of these materials will not infringe the rights of third parties. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. Journal of Marine Research, Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University PO Box 208118, New Haven, CT 06520-8118 USA (203) 432-3154 fax (203) 432-5872 [email protected] www.journalofmarineresearch.org Bioerosion by two rock boring echinoids (Echinometra mathaei and Echinostrephus aciculatus) on Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands 1 2 by Anthony R.
    [Show full text]