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UNDERWATER ROUTES of the western Algarve GENTES D’MAR P. 2 SCUBA UNDERWATER OF ROUTES NETWORK THE OF MAP DIVING ROUTES THE IN DIVING ROUTES INTRODUCTION 10 CONTENTS 3 (ADB). GOBIUS Communication and Science, 27p. Science, and Communication (ADB). GOBIUS Barlavento do Desenvolvimento Agência University; Algarve (CCMAR), Sciences Marine of Centre Algarve. windward the of Routes 2015. Underwater J.M.S.. Gonçalves, K.; Erzini, I.; Sousa, P.; C.M.L.; Monteiro, Afonso, L.; F.; Bentes, Oliveira, M.; Rangel, READING CONSERVATION FOR INTEREST SUGGESTIONS DANGERS 27 CURIOSITIES 25 PHOTOS SNORKELING ROUTES 16 HOW TO QUOTE THIS PUBLICATION: THIS TO QUOTE HOW PRAIA DOS ARRIFES (ALBUFEIRA) ARRIFES DOS PRAIA DA (LAGOA) MARINHA PRAIA PERA) (ARMAÇÃO DE “POÇO” (SAGRES)PONTA CAMINHOS DOS GRUTA MARTINHAL (SAGRES) DO 20 26

16 18 8 5 14 12 10 26 Gonçalves e Mafalda Rangel eMafalda Gonçalves COORDINATION: CREDITS http://ad-barlavento.pt 482 889 Telf. 282 Portugal Portimão, 8500-525 R/c, B, Bloco Aleixo, António Poeta àRua Impasse Rua Barlavento, do Desenvolvimento -Agência _ADB http://www.ccmar.ualg.pt Telf. 289 800 051 Ed7, Faro FCT 8005-139 Gambelas, de Campus Algarve, do Universidade Algarve: do Mar do Ciências de -Centro _CCMAR CONTACTS: Noronha Fátima Rangel, TRANSLATION: Bastos Moura COORDINATION:ADB COLABORATION: Science and Comunication ILUSTRATION: GRAPHIC DESIGN AND slates ILUSTRATION_ Veiga Pedro (p.19), Alves Nuno Gonçalves, (p.7), S. M. Jorge Subnauta Encarnação/ João Oliveira, Frederico Abecasis, David Afonso, PHOTOGRAPHY: Sciences) Marine of –Centre (CCMAR Gonçalves S. M. Jorge Erzini, Karim Sousa, Inês Oliveira, Frederico Afonso, L. M. Carlos Monteiro, Pedro Bentes, Luís Rangel, TEAM: RESEARCH TEXT: : Mafalda Rangel Mafalda Frederico Oliveira GOBIUS GOBIUS Mafalda Mafalda Underwater Underwater Carlos M. L. L. M. Carlos Jorge M. S. S. M. Jorge Isidoro Costa Mafalda Mafalda José José status (according Convention, to Bern the the identified, 34 which of havesome conservation 1.400 different of faunaspecies and flora were of National the more than Reserve), Ecological 30m (corresponding to underwater fraction the /UALG)(CCMAR -Rensub to I-IV), adepth of (Centre of Marine /University Sciences of Algarve marinethe biodiversity coast of Algarve the As of apart projects the responsible for mapping range area. inthis limitecological of tolerance of distributional their many aquatic organisms are at geographical the / and Mauritanian the provinces. For reason this characteristics: Mediterranean, the Lusitanian the of three biogeographic sub regions with different having biodiversity high related to confluence the marine lifeTheAlgarve's is characterized by INTRODUCTION region habitats has several of community high In coastline of the fact, western the Algarve - ICNF). IUCN, and Institute the for Nature Conservation International Union for of Conservation Nature - with direct contact with marine life are more demand for areas, coastal where related activities leisure Inactivities. that regard, there is a growing biodiversity have increasingly for been used Currently, areas interest of particular for tourists. educational area and as an attraction for nature of underwaterecotourism, as aspecial acting shouldwhich managed be framework in the located swimming inthe area of beaches), the habitats of biological sensitivityhigh (and are and in"Praia Marinha" da constitute (Lagoa), identifiedthe "Praia in dos(Albufeira)Arrifes" for example, the (SACs,Conservation Natura Rede 2000).Thus, may indicate definition the Areasof Special of interest according which, to Habitat the Directive Cymodocea nodosa meadows

GENTES D’MAR P. 3 GENTES D’MAR P. 4 is essential to follow of all safety the instructions recreational In circumstances, purposes. these it place regarding of use the sand or water area for collapsing cliffs,although no interdiction is in for reasonsuse" security related to risk of the is identifiedwith beach conditioned as "beach of 10most the beautiful inEurope. However, this 100 most world inthe beautiful beaches and one considered by Michelin the Guide as one of the coast for ofbeaches Algarve the its beauty, was "Praia Marinha", da one of most the emblematic of natural values. It should noted be that beach the icons for awareness and environmental education surround These them. characteristics themmake present,they and for characteristic the cliffsthat forselected variety of the marine habitats that For snorkeling the routes, were beaches the environmental awareness of users. attention regarding conservation and increase of Area, habitats with several special that deserve zonethis is defined as a Marine Protected spotsthe located in Sagres were because selected of its popularity among visiting the divers. Also, divingscuba The spot "Poço"because selected was routes that integrate network. designed the This Lagoa). work presents selection a of five in Albufeira; and "Praia beach Marinha" da in "Praia(beaches dosArrifes ePraia deSãoRafael" Martinhal" inSagres), and five for snorkeling Pera; "Ponta and dosCaminhos" "Grutas do three for diving ("Poço" scuba de inArmação moment, has western the nine routes, Algarve EcoSub project /UALG) (CCMAR and at the region. The network wasthe developed under forin particular nature the tourism offer the of as well as asurplus-value for touristic the offer, management tool for maintenance, ecological interest aims at functioning as an efficient routes in areas natural of particular and touristic and maintenance of anetwork of underwater In development, the Algarve, the implementation increasingly important issues. and management their and conservation are of use the marine areas for recreational purposes and more popular. Thus,the between conflict the awarenessthe for preservation the of nature. visits to marine the environment, and promoting visitors places, providing of selected the unique We an hope value that be added for guidewill this Western Algarve". Barlavento -Fishing Villages Algarvio of the Westernthe and deMar "Aldeias Algarve" do Barlavento Itineraries -Coastal of Algarvio Westernthe "Roteiros Algarve"; Litorais do Barlavento -Underwater Algarvio Routes of were developed: "Roteiros Subaquáticos do Under project, this (routes/itineraries) 3books valuing tradition and maritime innovation. tourism winward inthe region of Algarve, the andand aims CCMAR, the at promoting coastal "Agênciathe de Desenvolvimento do Barlavento" This work part is the of project "Gentes de Mar", of located on and beach the on access. beach the "Praia dos Arrifes" and "Praia de São Rafael") For remaining the snorkeling routes (beaches ( Algarvio" document "Roteiros Subaquáticos doBarlavento divingthe club “Divers Cape” (Sagres), or in the information for each route requested can be in fordesigned routes. these Nevertheless, detailed thus there are no Sagres is aMarine Protected Area – MPA and, located at of surface the water. the each interpretation spot attached to orange buoys "Praia Marinha", da slates the are available in In of case the snorkeling the routes of beach the illustrate. they which anchorsfriendly” at interpretative the areas sandythefixed in bottom with “environment divingIn route scuba the “Poço" slates the are and florathe in areawhere the slate is located. of most of the commonly species fauna observed photographs the observe and names the of eight slates. back of Onthe slates the visitor the can paththe to follow and distances the between with map the designed of route, the substrate, the slatesdouble-sided (10cm/10cm)were acrylic ("Poço") and at "Praia beach the Marinha", da For routes the available dePera inArmação information educational inthe described tools. current the case, project intends to provide the all information at of times certain year. the In that If there fact, is possibility the of not having should confirmthe signaling if is available. and diving the centers so, before visiting, divers is provided concessionaries beach by local the noted that insitu the available, when signaling, tools, different foreach situation. It shouldbe anddesigned adapted environmental education The different routes have described specifically SIGNALING ROUTES THE IN DIVING www.gentesdemar.pt in situ in interpretation slates ). in situ in

and "Marinha Beach” or ARH/APA Algarve). placards located on (courtesy of beach the CCDR self-guidance of eachroute is available inwooden information the all considered for the necessary to a scale rangingto ascale from Low (extremely easy) The degree of difficulty isdefined according divingthe area. average depth and habitats the that characterize to harbor, the average the length of route, the the access2009), the to diving the site, distance the República,da Nº148,3deagosto 2ªsérie, de considered (according necessary to Diário the snorkeling), minimum the diving certification explained: preferred the or diving (scuba type profileeach technical issuesseveral are defined/ researchers involved campaigns. inthese In on weightedis the based opinion of different the characterization /definition. Thetechnical profile basis of diving the campaigns out carried for its routeEach has a profiletechnical defined the on TECHNICAL PROFILE Double-sided acrylic slates ofthe Double-sided routes acrylic "Poço"

GENTES D’MAR P. 5 GENTES D’MAR P. 6 route are linked by ablue line. linked are route of acertain Images image. of the corner the in located circles in blue identified is routes the to photos of the connection the section, this In "Photos" section. of image first the in illustrated is species this " quote the For example, brackets. square within superscript blue in marked are section the in positions "Photos", their and section the in illustrated are species mentioned of the most route, For each FAUNA THE PHOTOS OF FLORA AND Marinha". da "Praia beach of route the the in visit to interpretation acronym the and zone), (semi-dark zone interpretation second For number. example, roman a by adot and followed Martinhal") do "Grutas ( name location of the letter first the indicating letter acapital blue with in as follows: named were zones The observed. be to likely most species flora and fauna the to according defined were zones interpretation environmental different route each In INTERPRETATION ZONES identified. also is exists) zone it (if diving the of status conservation The (extremely interesting). High to (not Low interesting) from ranging scale a using status), /or conservation and species endemic of presence flora, geography, fauna, interest, geological (landscape, interest environments marine and of land evaluation the considers interest of landscape degree the Also, others. among divers, disabled physically for site diving the to equipment), access diving or without (with place diving the to accessibility of difficulty), degree high with for example, cave, asea in be (which may of diving type typology, diving as: such issues several consideration to High ( extremely difficult), and takes into takes and difficult), extremely Corynactis viridis Corynactis M.I refers to the first zone of first the to refers G corresponds to the the to corresponds G.II [1] " indicates that that indicates " refers to the the to refers X.# Legend to the "Photos" section Legend 88 # # Common name Common name number Image particular speciescan befound Route andinterpretation zone wherea Latin name Latin name Species groupwithinthesamezone # # Common name Common name species distributed Widely name Species Latin name Latin name on how to behave and what not to do. However, (such asthis web page), you find will explanations In the environmental education tools available normal functioning of the biological systems. should be avoided in order not to disrupt the animals, etc.), and interactions with animals should be taken from of site (such asstones, this purpose). Also remember that no "souvenirs" (always the use appropriate disposal facilities for means that no trash should be dumped in the area always "leave the place asit was found", which environment protection. The goldenruleis to be aware of some of the basic rules related to conservation interest. Thus,visitors should always for marine areas of scenic, biological and/or The network of routes presented was designed ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS CONSERVATION AND can have an experience asenjoyable asyours! let them stay where you saw them, that so others And remember, the animals are not souvenirs... need for conservation. additional an indicates status this since status, and areas with some environmental protection naturally. Pay special attention to all specimens principle! Always avoid changing what exists if in doubt, always choose the precautionary

GENTES D’MAR P. 7 SãoSão VicenteVicente CanyonCanyon P. 8 -200 S. VICENTE S. VICENTE -50 CAPE CAPE TELHEIRO TELHEIRO GAIVOTAS PEDRA DAS PONTA RUIVA GAIVOTAS PEDRA DAS PONTA RUIVA -150 -50 GIGANTE PEDRA DO GIGANTE PEDRA DO BELICHE BELICHE Schist TONEL TONEL Cliffs -50 SA SA Cliffs Limestone Cliffs Limestone G Protected

G Sagres Sagres Protected -100 RES RES Marine Marine PEDRA DA PEDRA DA Area Area CARRAÇA CARRAÇA AREA PROTECTED MARINE AREA PROTECTED MARINE AGULHA AGULHA V V Schist MURRAÇÃO MURRAÇÃO I I ISLETS OFMARTINHAL ISLETS OFMARTINHAL

L Cliffs

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Monchique Hills Monchique Monchique Hills Monchique

REEFS ARTICIAL

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R A R A

V V N O N O R REVIVAL OCEAN R REVIVAL OCEAN -50

MON MON P

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L I A L I H

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Portimão Canyon IX Ã Portimão Canyon IX I F I F a a Ã Q Ã

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Dunes Dunes SALGADOS LAGOA DOS SALGADOS LAGOA DOS

A A Sand Sand Sand Sand Ç Ç EE Ã Ã O O LOURENÇO MANUEL LOURENÇO MANUEL GALÉ GALÉ A A P P L L -50 B B r r ARRIFES PRAIA DOS ARRIFES PRAIA DOS UFE UFE a a i i a d a d I I R R A A o o OURA OURA s Arri s Arri GEOLOGICALINTEREST TIDEPOOLS MUNICIPALITIES OTHER ACTIVITIES S WILDLIFE WATCHING DIVING SPOTS UNDERWATER ROUTES FISHING VILLAGES

PROTECTION AREA

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REEFS ARTIFICIAL ARTIFICIAL U D’ÁGUA OLHOS D’ÁGUA OLHOS

Cliffs Cliffs

Red 10 nauticalmiles Red F P I f f NTE A e e RCI

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ARTIFICIAL ARTIFICIAL G R A A L L QUARTEIRA QUARTEIRA -100 -50 -25 SãoSão VicenteVicente CanyonCanyon -200 S. VICENTE S. VICENTE -50 CAPE CAPE TELHEIRO TELHEIRO GAIVOTAS PEDRA DAS PONTA RUIVA GAIVOTAS PEDRA DAS PONTA RUIVA -150 -50 GIGANTE PEDRA DO GIGANTE PEDRA DO BELICHE BELICHE Schist TONEL TONEL Cliffs -50 SA SA Cliffs Limestone Cliffs Limestone G Protected

L Cliffs

L Cliffs RIVER BORDEIRA RIVER BORDEIRA A D C AMADO A D C AMADO TORVORE TORVORE A A R R O O

R R ZAVIAL

G ZAVIAL

G B B A A I I P S P S r S A r S A BORDEIRA BORDEIRA -50 A P A P u A u A RRI

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DA PIEDADE PONTA

S S

Monchique Hills Monchique Monchique Hills Monchique

REEFS ARTICIAL

REEFS ARTICIAL ALVOR RIA DE E ALVOR RIA DE E

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V V N O N O R REVIVAL OCEAN R REVIVAL OCEAN -50

MON MON P

P O O

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Dunes Dunes SALGADOS LAGOA DOS SALGADOS LAGOA DOS

PROTECTION AREA

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REEFS ARTIFICIAL ARTIFICIAL U D’ÁGUA OLHOS D’ÁGUA OLHOS

Cliffs Cliffs

Red 10 nauticalmiles Red F P I f f NTE A e e RCI

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ARTIFICIAL ARTIFICIAL G R A A L L QUARTEIRA QUARTEIRA -100 -50 -25

P. 9 GENTES D’MAR P. 10 light intensity, and are, therefore, truly characteristic of sea cave cave of sea characteristic truly therefore, are, and intensity, light zone ( last The reniformis Chondrosia (e.g. species sponge some and ( coral scarlet the as such areas of semi-dark ( ( cucumber sea tubular the as such species by inhabited frequently is area This Zone areas. of semi-dark characteristic mainly are species marine observable the Nevertheless, communities. biological corresponding their with intensity light of levels different the of influence the to according environments, different three appreciate can diver the cave sea the in Once action. wave to exposed highly being illuminated, moderately general in is cave 10msea about The long. is hall the and height in meters three than is more 16mentrance The and deep. entrance, main a single topography, low complexity with of Sagres, smallest one of the is cave sea this of Martinhal, islets West of the side on the Situated outside the cave the landscape is filled with large rocky outcrops. rocky large with filled is landscape the cave the outside while of mud, composed mostly is substrate the cave the Inside ( lobster spiny common the where crevices rock observe can diver the cave, the Inside (e.g. corals versicolor (e.g. of sponges types various as such environments, Corynactis viridis Boat ACCESS DIVING SCUBA G.I

[33] , with higher luminosity, is located near the entrance. entrance. the near located is luminosity, higher , with GRUTA DO MARTINHAL(SAGRES) , Astroides calycularis Corticium candelabrum Corticium G.III Holothuria arguinensis Holothuria [1] ) ) has species that only tolerate low levels of low levels tolerate only that species ) has . Next, zone zone . Next, [32] Palinurus elephas Palinurus ,

Spongia agaricina Crambe crambe Crambe G.I G.I [14] 5 min. (aprox.) / 0,70 nautical miles 2-AutonomousDiver Level diver CERTIFICATION HARBOR DISTANCE [15] , presents characteristic fauna fauna characteristic presents [61] Caryophyllia inornata Caryophyllia , Phorbas tenacior ) or the jewel anemone anemone jewel ) or the [16] [10] Balanophyllia regia ) can be spoted. be ) can ). ). [11] , Cliona celata Cliona Hymedesmia [17] ) and ) and [13] [8] ). ). ) ,

Medium/High DIFFICULTY

Start Islets ofMartinhal G.III G.II G.I the different light intensities. light different the to species the of tolerance the by defined are biotopes these with associated communities biological The follow. totally) absent, (or practically is light where area, adark and asemi-dark but luminosity, of levels high by characterized area)(entrance is cave the of area initial The identified. be can intensities light different with environments three cave In underwater an 45/50 min. Medium AVERAGE TIME INTEREST LANDSCAPE 25m High MAX. DEPTH INTEREST BIOLOGICAL integrated inaMarine Park Protected Area (MPA), measures since it is aMarine protective appropriate and This area requires specific and to ensure visibility. good organisms living on bottom the as notso to disturb the buoyancy control is essential, of area, this care extra in WARNING_ (UE_Diretiva Habitats). considered vulnerable species areas,coastal therefore being in occurring species sea isolated, with rare deep- Sagres, is fragmented and This habitat, like others in Community Interest (SCI). - PMSACV), and aSite of Alentejano Vicentina eCosta (Parque Marinho doSudoeste CONSERVATION Cave PMSACV/MPA; SCI HABITAT STATUS CONSERVATION

Due to natureDue the

GENTES D’MAR P. 11 GENTES D’MAR P. 12 versicolor sponge ( such as: kidney-shaped the sponge ( In darker the zones of tunnel, the species diver the can observe tunnels (semi-dark and dark zones) must stressed. be (entrance and exit) and darker the areas of of middle the the thatanimal species inhabit illuminated the areas of tunnels the mostly by pebbles small or gravel. The differences the between The substrate is mostly deprived of marine life, and is constituted tunnel, but with significantly lower densities. conditions, is characterized by same the generic fauna of first the tunnel, to stronger exposed hydrodynamism, currents and waves of first the tunnelthatbe on his/her secondwill left side. The To enter second the tunnel, diver the must go around exit the cargo ship Nordsoen that sunk during 1 the In front of exit the of first the tunnelthewreck lies Danishthe of calcareous sponges ( substrate is covered with big cover pebbles algae with high and frequentlycan In be section the of final the tunnel, observed. the columella anemone ( such as white the clathrina ( should explored be by diver the (e.g. sponges stars). and sea Species of marine macrofauna that inhabits and walls the substrate the The first tunnel wide is and has an average depth of18m. The variety ( corresponding to differentsettlements: biological the entrance area hydrodynamic characteristics, and in divided three can zones be The tunnels are moderatelyilluminated the local to and exposed outcrops inhabited of by species algae. several 16m). Along trail, this sandy the bottom is covered with rocky first tunnel,that is located on his/herright side(average depth of go around rocky this formation and approach entrance the of the depth of 15m) that on side. should port The the seen diver be must The route starts at aboutfrom 10m an underwater islet (average two huge natural and tunnels, parallel at linked surface. the cliffthatthe surroundsbaythe of The Martinhal. diving area has "O Santuário", called Also diving this site is located at edge the of C.I Boat ACCESS DIVING SCUBA ), the semi-dark), the area (

[22] PONTA DOS CAMINHOS (SAGRES) Corynactis viridis ) or pedunculate the clathrina ( Hymedesmia versicolor Leucosolenia complicata Leucosolenia C.II [1] ), and dark the area ( ), the crater), the sponge ( Clathrina coriacea (aprox.) /10min. 1,3 nautical miles HARBOR DISTANCE Diver Level 2-AutonomousDiver Level diver CERTIFICATION Chondrosia reniformis Chondrosia [33] st Guancha lacunosa [26] World War. ), the jewel anemone jewel ), the and and C.III [25] G. lacunosa ), the jewel jewel ), the Hemimycale ). [32] [36] ). ), ) Low DIFFICULTY Shipwreck Start Ponta Caminhos dos C.II C.I C.II C.III C.III C.II C.II C.I high faunahigh and flora coverage. characterized by presence the of pebbles and rocky outcrops with exit of second the tunnel and SWdirection. inthe head trail This is To return to support the vessel, diver the must reverse course at the kidney-shapedthe sponge ( ( ( clathrina ( illuminated areas such species as: diver the white can observe ( Marthasterias glacialis columella H. viridis C. to be sunk near Sagres. 1917, the Danish cargo ship Nordsoen was the first of four vessels it finallysank next to "Ponta dosCaminhos". On the 24th of April, the vessel did not sink immediately, and drifted along the cliff until charges. The explosion occurred in vicinitythe Capeof Sagres, but to abandon the vessel, the cargo ship was loaded with explosive dictated the ships’s fate. After forcing the captain and the crew U35. The cargo was intended for the Italian Genoa,port of which was detained by cannon shots firedfrom theGerman submarine TheDanish cargo ship Nordsoen, carrying barrels of herring, High INTEREST LANDSCAPE 45/50 min. AVERAGE TIME ), and pin-head the ( squirt C. coriacea C. ), pedunculate clathrina ( ), jewel anemone), jewel ( [82] ), fan worm ( C. reniformis High INTEREST BIOLOGICAL 18m MAX. DEPTH G. lacunosa ). Serpula vermicularis Serpula C. viridis C. Clavelina nana ), crater sponge ), spiny starfish ). In the ), or measures since it is as a protective appropriate and This area requires specific and to ensure visibility. good organisms living on bottom the as notso to disturb the buoyancy control is essential, of area, this care extra in WARNING_ Diretiva Habitats). considered vulnerable (UE_ areas,coastal therefore being in occurring species sea isolated, with rare, deep- in Sagres, is fragmented and (SCI). This habitat, like others Site of Community Interest - PMSACV), and a is also Alentejano Vicentina eCosta (Parque Marinho doSudoeste integrated inaMarine Park Marine Protected Area (MPA), Pebbles, Shipwreck Rocky outcrops, Tunnels, HABITAT CONSERVATION PMSACV/MPA; SCI STATUS CONSERVATION Due to natureDue the

GENTES D’MAR P. 13 GENTES D’MAR P. 14 Zone Zone Halopteris filicina noticeable. The dense macroalgae rocky cover such (with species as diverse, and presence the of pouts should stressed. be Here, as entire inthe route, fish the fauna is (e.g. zonethis abundance the anemones, of sea scorpionfishes of two islets leaning against rock (zonethe wall Following path, the diver the find a will rocky outcrop consisting is highlighted. to be ( and seabreams ( seabreams luxuriant, of with occurrence the pouts, zebra seabreams, Senegal (zone The diver must now approach a depression enteringthe wall rock highlighted.should be also frequent presence of Mediterranean the moray ( lividus Paracentrotus stars (e.g. is accompanied by macroalgae variety, high as well as sea ( ( where redbanded seabreams ( has also arich variety ofhas also nudibranchs (e.g. and black seabreams ( by pouts ( rocky explored can be wall (zone route,the at approximately 30m,awell that appears inthe of (e.g. wrasses banded seabream ( such as zebra seabream ( (e.g. cucumbers In zone left the hand side the diver.of must follow rocky the that along wall seen entire the can be on trail This route is located Armação deoff Pera. the Todo route, the diver Coris julis chromis Chromis vulgaris Octopus Boat ACCESS DIVING SCUBA Scorpaena notata Scorpaena Flabellina babai P.IV P.V

“POÇO” (ARMAÇÃO DE PERA) P.I ). In area, this fauna the and flora the are particularly takes the visitor the takes to interior the of rocky the outcrop, Trisopterus luscus [69] sea anemones sea (e.g. Diplodus bellottii Marthasterias glacialis ) can be frequently) can Thelandscape be observed. Holothuria arguinensis Holothuria ) must emphasized. be also [83] S [50] ymphodus ymphodus Diplodus vulgaris Diplodus ) and pink sea-fans ( [60] [21] [80] ) or Mediterranean the rainbow wrasse Spondyliosoma cantharusSpondyliosoma ). The occurrence ). The of commonoctopus ) and sea anemones) and sea ( ) and nudibranchs (e.g. Diplodus cervinus [41] spp. [49] ), zebra seabreams [41] Pagrus auriga Pagrus ), damselfishes ( Anemonia viridis Anemonia [44] (aprox.) /15min. 3,7 nautical miles 2-AutonomousDiver Level diver CERTIFICATION HARBOR DISTANCE P.II and zebra the seabreams [58] ) are common. Following [82] ). This area is dominated [61] ), and different species ), sea urchins), sea (e.g. Eunicella verrucosa ) dominate. Also, fish [65] Muraena helena Felimare cantabrica Felimare Felimare picta Felimare ), common two- [48] ). The areaalso A. viridis A. ), damselfish [79] ( C. chromis C. D. cervinus ) and sea P.III ). The [65] ). In [40] [46] [43] is is ), ) ) ) )

Low DIFFICULTY P.I Start “Poço”

P.II Armação de Pera de Armação P.III P.IV P.V P.VI nudibranchs are common. also stressed.be Gorgonians (e.g. a green macroalgae with aunique globular appearance must Insection the of final this route,occurrence the of (yellow aiptasia), creating auniquely luxuriant landscape. covered anemones with sea of species the The namegiven this to rock is that due the fact to it is literally (anemone rock) (zone Further alongdas path, the diver the theanémonas" find "pedra will vulgaris European congers ( 45/50 min. High AVERAGE TIME INTEREST LANDSCAPE ). Conger conger P.VI ), which indicates), which end the of route. the Leptogorgia sarmentosa [51] ) and common octopus ( 22m High MAX DEPTH INTEREST BIOLOGICAL Aiptasia diaphana Aiptasia Codium bursa Codium [54] ) and [76] [52] O. O. , along theroute the bottom thedivers guide will interpretative slates near placed In thesummer season Outcrops, Inlets Rock platform, Rocky Sand, measures. naturespecific conservation therefore subjected to be areas and of should Algarve the richestthe marine biodiversity routethis is located inone of Project ( According to Rensub the NOTES HABITAT CONSERVATION Não Tem STATUS CONSERVATION www.rensub.com ),

GENTES D’MAR P. 15 GENTES D’MAR P. 16 inhabited by blenny Caneva's ( 3m) (zone areain this in an anti-clockwise direction (average depth of Thevisitor should now go around thattheislet small emerges habitat. pilicornis Parablennius blennies (e.g. explored, allowing of observation the gobies, such as black- the some fragments of meadow seagrass the of bottom provides asafe exit area (zone Thevisitor must nowwherebackbeach, sandy the the swim to bucchichi viridis Anemonia depth of 3m),where gobies and invertebrates (such as anemone the (zone The pathreturn shouldbe made towardsthe entrance beach the of armata arguinensis different invertebratescucumbers (e.g. suchsea as vulgaris Mediterraneanthe Common two-banded Sea. seabreams ( meadows (although insize)are small quite rare outside coast the of explored (average depth of 3.3m).It must emphasized be that these area,this meadow seagrass asmall of anemones, urchins sea and In cucumbers. of some middle the sea of rock, cover algae with high (e.g. Alongwall. route this bottom the is mainly composed by flat sheets until reaching island small the located beyond end the of rocky the 1-2m). The diver must continue swimming awayfrom beach, the ( sargus (zone side. This area is characterized sandyby a bottom with small rocks nearstarts rocky the outcrop delimits which on beach West the the route interpretative with are specific described slates. The path for "Praia beach the Marinha", da The in Lagoa. four zones the of one describes threethesection of This routesthat were created Ch Beach ACCESS SNORKELING thamalus M.III [73] M.I [77] [58]

[64] ) populate area the and rocky in the barnacles wall, PRAIA DA MARINHA (LAGOA) ). Several species of species juvenile). Several seabreams (e.g. , Dictyota dichotoma Dictyota , ), zebra seabreams ( [61] ) to a small sandy) to asmall clearing with rocky outcrops (average M.II ), are common. spp. e ), and several algae species (e.g. species ), and algae several Gobius cruentatus ). With biodiversity, high area this is frequently [79] Balanus which are which frequently associated with [84] ) can be frequently observed in this frequentlyin this ) can be observed sp .) can be observed (average observed .) can be depth of [63] Diplodus cervinus Lipophrys canevae Lipophrys [74] , D. cyanoloma , - adaptationGood to water CERTIFICATION HARBOR DISTANCE , Cymodocea nodosa Cystoseira usneoides Cystoseira Gobius M.IV C. nodosa C.

). In zone final this xanthocephalus [37] [65] ). ), seabreams, ), gobies and Asparagopsis Asparagopsis can still be be can still Holothuria [86] Diplodus Diplodus Diplodus Diplodus [55] can be can be Gobius Gobius ), sea ), sea [57] , Low DIFFICULTY M.II Start Praia da Marinha da Praia M.III M.I M.IV mullets ( juveniles of seabreams, sand smelts ( Before exiting route, the next rocky to three the small blocks, rainbow ( wrasse blennyfaced ( 45 min. High AVERAGE TIME INTEREST LANDSCAPE Liza spp. Tripterygion delaisi Tripterygion Coris julis ) can be easily spotted. easily ) can be [69] ). [81] 4m High MAX. DEPTH INTEREST BIOLOGICAL ), and Mediterranean the Atherina presbyter ) and for self-guidance on the route. route. on the for self-guidance needed information the all provide will sand the in placed placard wooden interpretative I meadows Islands, Pebbles, Seagrass Flagstone, Rocky Sand, outcrops, Habitat Directive Habitat 1110. nodosa meadowsSeagrass ( route the along divers the to guide buoys, to orange water, attached the of surface atthe placed be will slates interpretative Also, NOTES HABITAT n the summer season an an season summer n the CONSERVATION Habitats). meadows (UE_Diretiva ofoccurrence seagrass measures due to the appropriate conservation This habitat requires STATUS CONSERVATION ) protected by the Cymodocea

GENTES D’MAR P. 17 GENTES D’MAR P. 18 such as: gobies, blennies, spider the crab ( Among animals rocky the several crevices diver the can observe strong colonization of macroalgae first similar the zone the of route. age depth of 3-4m). In area this rocky the enclaves intensify, with outcrops (zone Thevisitor must now dive towards the middle the two of rocky melops of species (e.g. wrasses eral ( ( seabreams In areas both (zone create unique habitats such as rocky enclaves. as sand the and pebbles, the protected by surrounding the rocks, by rocky the outcrops visible on (zone surface the of observation A closer sandy the bay, delimited by and beach the Mediterraneanin the region. highlighted, as it has aprotected status Convention under Berne the spp.). The presence the of starlet ( ( as Bucchich’s the goby ( Also, diver the should explore presence the fish, ofsuch cryptic glacialis urchin ( pennanti marinethe gastropod mollusk ( cover, algae inthis macrobenthic observed can be species such as: cartilagineum Plocamium coverpebbles algae with high (e.g. first part the of route (zone side of (average beach the depth of 1-2m). Thelandscape the of center of two the rocky outcrops on that East the seen easily can be The routefront in starts beach thesupport of bar, bearing the to Directive (Habitat 1110). grass meadow ( are characteristic area, coastal of including Algarve the asea route for was selected having different and unusual habitatsthat The proposed route beach is locatedthe Praia in dosThisArrifes. Diplodus vulgaris Diplodus pilicornis Parablennius Beach ACCESS SNORKELING ) proliferate. [82] Paracentrotus lividus Paracentrotus ), the snakelocks), the anemone (

PRAIA DOS ARRIFES (ALBUFEIRA) ), and common the brittlestar ( Diplodus sargus A.III Cymodocea nodosa [58] ) located sideof (aver East inthe beach the ), sand smelts ( A.I [84] Gobius bucchichi Gobius and and ,

Jania Jania ), or sand the gobies ( [73] Symphodus bailloni A.I [60] A.II ), common two-banded seabreams ) is mostly composed of sand and spp., ), the spiny), the starfish ( Gibbula cineraria ) salemas ( ) salemas [86] - adaptationGood to water CERTIFICATION HARBOR DISTANCE Asterina gibbosa Asterina Halopteris Anemonia viridis Anemonia Ellisolandia elongata Ellisolandia Atherina presbyter ), protected by Habitat the [64] Maja brachydactyla ), the ringneck), the blenny Ophiothrix fragilis Ophiothrix Sarpa salpa Sarpa spp., [70] A.II Pomatoschistus or or Marthasterias [85] Codium Codium and and [79] ), is advised, Symphodus Symphodus ) and sev ) must be ). Several ). Several ), the sea sea ), the ), white Gibbula Gibbula ), the ), the spp., ). - - -

Low DIFFICULTY Start Praia Arrifes dos A.I A.II A.III A.IV A.V again two the rocky outcrops located zone East inthe of beach. the and visitor the return the can begin to starting point, the crossing After goingthrough the meadow,the direction be inverted,must (zone specie the coastthe to explore one meadows seagrass of of preserved best the to pontoon the of Albufeira the marina, diver the must aim towards When reaching alignment the of with beginning the entrance the stingingsesses cells on tentacles. the leave place, the or attention pay special to animal, the since it pos must area. highlighted inthis be If diver the occurs, this should occurrence The barrelthe episodic of jellyfish ( or texture), body as aresponse to danger. imitate environment the through transformation the of color and/ animalsthese is its ability tothe "camouflage" - ability to (mimicry habitats.quently inthese observed An interesting characteristic of caves,underwater sea common octopus ( cross through outcrop the (zone In left the rocky outcrop,the diver can explorethetwo cavities that was not previously registered for Portuguese the coast. blenny rock-pool the observe ( of part inthis route. the seen easily be can also The diver can also ecosystems.in these Seabreams, sand smelts, and salemas, wrasses tricolor benthic macroinvertebrates such as nudibranchs (e.g. puber common octopus ( lagoons). this kind in Portuguese coastal waters (other than estuaries and meadow, although not asdense asbefore, one is of the last of observation of this seagrass meadow recommended. is This a large number of animal species. For this reason, acareful various marine organisms, and are therefore associated with The 25 min. High AVERAGE TIME INTEREST LANDSCAPE [78] seagrass meadows seagrass A.V [75] ), which select these zones these for select ), which shelter and In food. fact, ). ), sea urchins), sea anemones and sea are extremely common C. nodosa C. Octopus vulgaris Octopus that exists South inthe coast still of Portugal serve asareas serve of refuge and feeding of Parablennius parvicornis Parablennius A.IV [83] ) and velvet the crab ( ). Besides the beauty the of). Besides the 4m High MAX DEPTH INTEREST BIOLOGICAL O. vulgaris Rhizostoma pulmo Rhizostoma ) can be fre) can be [80] Felimare Felimare ), which ), which Necora Necora - - ) guidance ofguidance theroute. information for self- needed provide the all will the beach inthesandy area ofplaced interpretative placard wooden In thesummer an season meadows Seagrass Pebbles,Sand, Rocky outcrops, Diretiva Habitats). of meadows seagrass (UE_ measures due to occurrence the appropriate conservation This habitat requires NOTES HABITAT CONSERVATION None STATUS CONSERVATION

GENTES D’MAR P. 19 GENTES D’MAR P. 20 G.III G.II G.I PHOTOS 10 16 13 4 7 1 Spiny lobster Carnation coral ear Elephant finger Sea Berried anemone Berried anemone Anemone Jewel Alcyonium acaule Spongia agaricina Palinurus elephas Caryophyllia inornata Corynactis viridis Corynactis Alicia mirabilis 14 17 11 2 5 8 Scarlet coral coral Scarlet Bluish encrustingsponge Star sponge encrusting Orange-red Trumpet anemone Colonial ascidian Astroides calycularis Balanophylia regia Apilidium proliferum Aiptasia mutabilis Phorbas tenacior Crambe crambe Crambe 18 15 12 9 6 3 False coral Mediterranean slipperMediterranean lobster sponge Orange sponge Goosebump Red sponge sponge Red Purse sponge sponge Purse Alcyonium coraloides Phorbas fictitius Grantia compressa Corticium candelabrum Dysidea fragilis Dysidea Scyllarides latus C.III C.II C.I 28 22 34 19 25 31 Pin-head squirt squirt Pin-head Stinker sponge sponge Stinker bryozoan Reddish-yellow White clathrina sponge Crater worm Twin fan Hemimycale columella Sarcotragus fasciculatus Bispira volutacornis Pycnoclavella taureanensis Clathrina coriacea Schizomavella sp. 23 35 32 20 29 26 Transparent sea squirt squirt sea Transparent Kidney-shaped sponge gherkin Sea White sponge sponge White White sponge sponge White squirt sea Carpet Pawsonia saxicola Pawsonia Leucoselenia complicata Leucoselenia Leuconia johnstonii Didemnum Ciona Chondrosia reniformis Chondrosia sp. sp . 30 24 36 27 33 21 Pedunculate clathrina Pedunculate sponge Blue flatworm Carpet Coral worms worms Coral White flabellina flabellina White Black ascidian ascidian Black Hymedesmia versicolor Filograna Filograna Phallusia fumigata Phallusia Flabellina babai Thysanozoonbrocchii sp. Guancha lacunosa

GENTES D’MAR P. 21 GENTES D’MAR P. 22 P.IV P.III P.VI P.V P.II P.I PHOTOS 49 43 52 46 37 40 Yellow aiptasia Yellow aiptasia seabream Senegal eel Moray Giant doris Pink sea-fan sea-fan Pink Iridescent brown algae Mureana helena Felimare picta Eunicella verrucosa Aiptasia diaphana Diplodus bellottii Diplodus Dictyota cyanoloma 50 53 44 47 38 41 Corkwing wrasse wrasse Corkwing Tube anemones Tube anemones Mediterranean damselfish fan sea White Pouting Portuguese blenny Trisopterus luscus Eunicella gazella Cerianthus membranacea Symphodus melops Parablennius ruber Parablennius Chromis chromis Chromis 45 54 48 39 42 51 Orange gorgonian eel Conger Redbanded seabream Comber Striped blenny blenny Striped Rose gorgonian Serranus cabrilla Serranus Conger conger Parablennius rouxi Parablennius Eunicella labiata Leptogorgia sarmentosa Pagrus auriga Pagrus M.IV M.I 70 88 64 58 67 85 82 79 76 55 61 91 Baillon's wrasse wrasse Baillon's scorpionfish Black goby Bucchichi's cucumber Sea Two-banded seabream wrack blader-chain Bushy Holoturia arguinensis Symphodus bailloni Gobius bucchichi Gobius Scorpaena porcus Scorpaena Diplodus vulgaris Diplodus Cystoseira usneoides M.II 68 65 62 56 71 59 Small red scorpionfish scorpionfish red Small Mediterranean fanworm tail Peacokc's Zebra seabream Harpoon weed weed Harpoon Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis Padina pavonica Asparagopsis armata Diplodus cervinus Diplodus Scorpaena notata Scorpaena Sabella spallanzanii M.III 60 66 69 63 57 72 Small sea hare hare sea Small wrasse Rainbow wrasse Ballan weed fan Brown Golden goby goby Golden Common sea urchin urchin sea Common Gobius xantocephalus Lalbrus bergylta Lalbrus Aplysia parvula Dictyota dichotoma Coris julis Paracentrotus lividus Paracentrotus

GENTES D’MAR P. 23 GENTES D’MAR P. 24 A.IV A.III A.V A.II A.I PHOTOS 85 82 88 79 73 76 Spiny starfish starfish Spiny Snakelocks anemone Snakelocks anemone Slippery lobster lobster Slippery Starlet White seabream seabream White Green sponge ball ball sponge Green Asterina gibbosa Asterina Marthasterias glacialis Marthasterias Scyllarus arctus Diplodus sargus Diplodus Codium bursa Anemonia viridis 89 80 86 77 83 74 Goldsinny wrasse Rock pool blenny blenny pool Rock Common octopus Greater weever weever Greater seagrass Slender Red-mouthed goby Trachinus draco Trachinus Cymodocea nodosa Parablenius parvicornis Parablenius Ctenolabrus rupestris Ctenolabrus Octopus vulgaris Octopus Gobius cruentatus 84 90 75 81 78 87 Nudibranch blenny Mystery blenny Ringneck Black-facced bleny Nudibranch tricolor tricolor Nudibranch Velvet crab Necora puber Flabellina affinis Parablennius incognitus Parablennius Parablenius pilicornis Tripterygion delaisi Felimare tricolor they can reachthey considerable sizes,ranging between reachwhich maturity at age the of 5to 8years, but coast. They are Algarve the slowgrowing animals found can be cucumbers of species sea in Several ( cucumbers Sea below 20mdepth. with shadow areas, in caves particularly or areas ranean it is yellowish. is Thisassociated species vivid bluesents colour, avery but Mediter inthe to itslogically colour range. it In pre Algarve the scientificThe namespecies this of refers etymo Blue sponge ( can have more than 160. up topossesses 80 tentacles, while height and 10cmindiameter. Also, diameter, second the may while reach 20cmin one not does 5cminheight exceed and 2-3cmin larly difficult to distinguish. However, the first These anemones similar areparticu and very mutabilis Anemones ( lusitanica E. gazella areathis ( sixdifferent the identify that in canoccur species pink, yellow, red and white. It is relatively to easy ent of species gorgonians have different colours: shallower zones with stronger currents. The differ branched and flexible gorgonians are found in distributed throughout surface. the The most stemtral with branches where polyps are small borescent The colonies aspect. have cen an axial Gorgonians are colonial cnidarians with an ar Gorgonians: with ablack and head yellow body. colour, is male much the while more colorful, phism. The female has a marbled and discreet The black-faced blenny presents dimorsexual blennyBlack-facced ( CURIOSITIES [5] , Paramuricea clavata [47] Eunicella verrucosa ): Aiptasia diaphana Hymedesmia versicolor , Holothuria Leptogorgia sarmentosa Tripterygion delaisi spp. [52] [40] ) . [61] e , ): A. E. labiata E. [33] A. diaphanaA. A. mutabilis A. ): [81] [54] ): , [42] L. ------,

tinguishes from other species this algae. all colorationiridescence margins, in the diswhich ish colour, but once inwater, it acquires abluish is flexiblealgae and green-brownishof or yellow belongsalgae This the to browngroup.algae The Iridescent brown ( algae males. come secondary hermaphrodite and females can reverse to be sex inance of green), and brown females. The is fish with brightly coloured (with males some predom This fish presents dimorphism, sexual noticeable Mediterranean ( rainbow wrasse located sents coloration the of gorgonian the where it is from white the to bright pink, but it as arule, pre gorgonians. The animal has diverse colorations, depth range from 4mto the 60m,and the feeds of This gastropod of approximately 1cm inhabits a Mediterranean ( ovulid simply handled. are cucumbers sea the releasedattacked when or filamentouspossess structurestoxicity, and are (or not) of Cuvier tubes. extremely These adhesive rious characteristics of animals these is release the ferent colourations, one of diagnostic and the cu 1cm to more dif the than 1minlength. Besides remove. oprene diving suits, extremely being difficult to divers are that advised sticks algae to this ne the andertheless, whatever live the phase, cycle the ( ferent that have they differentscientific names hascycle two phases with morphologies dif so form spines (origin of term "armata"). the Its life This is awithalgae branchesmodified red that ( algae Red Falkenbergia rufolanosa . Asparagopsis armata Asparagopsis Simnia spelta Simnia Dictyota cyanoloma Dictyota and and A. armata [59] Coris julis Coris ): [42] ): [69] ). Nev [37] ): ):

------

GENTES D’MAR P. 25 GENTES D’MAR P. 26 for many marine These meadowscan species. as shelter, act ce they feeding and breeding areas prove water quality and increase biodiversity, sin to reduce erosion, coastal stabilize sediments, im dows are productive highly habitats, help which at The andmea Marinha Arrifes Beach. Beach but there are some remains still of meadows these are unusual of beaches oceanic our inthe coast, natural habitats inEurope. habitats In these fact, -lei 140/99,de24abril) for conservation the of bitats Directive (92/43/CEE and by Decreto the seagrass meadows These are protected the by Ha meadows ofSeagrass vention. Mediterraneanin the Con under Berne the Sea lobsterSlippery ( lobsterslippery ster ( ( ear phant others that in Portugal, occur such as: ele the status Portuguese inthe (like coast,species this Although not having any conservation special Common-sea-urchin ( sents stable population numbers. preing coast In species activities. the Algarve the dueextinction to accidental catches during fish sents a“Vulnerable” status, and risk of facesthe According pre species List, this to IUCNRed the ( Pink sea-fan of 6,and secrete an calcareous external skeleton. brate have which species 6tentacles, or multiples areals a group of distinct marine macroinverte Portuguese that inthe als seen can be coast. Cor Convention.under Berne the It is one of cor the caves) and is protected Mediterranean inthe Sea is This characteristicspecies darkof areas (e.g. Coral ( CONSERVATION FOR INTEREST Palinurus elephas Palinurus Astroides calycularis Spongia Eunicella verrucosa ( Scyllarus arctus Scyllarides latus Scyllarides a Cymodocea nodosa Cymodocea Paracentrotus lividus garicina [16] [14] ),

the ): [10]

[88]

), [40] Mediterranean

the spinythe lob [18] ) ): is protected protected is

) and the [86] [60] : ): ------or cuttlefish the ( like common the octopus ( for used be ambushalso by invertebrate predators Sepia officinalis Octopus vulgaris Octopus [56] ). [83] ) areas. These animals are considered aconcern for The weevers are marine fishers thatinhabit sandy vipera Weever fish must consider advice. medical seeking degrees of If edema. stung by ascorpionfish, you can develop into vesicles associated with varying pain may accompanied be of awound, which and discomfort can last for days or weeks. The and wounds.pain The can last up to 12 hours, humans, but sting the causes dormancy, pain fishesthatthe in occur Atlantic are not to lethal camouflage on different substrates. The scorpion and are difficult to distinguishbecause their of traordinary ability to environment, mimic the ( of base dorsalthe fin spines. scorpionfishesThe have poisonous toxins at Scorpionfishes ( extreme care. reason touching and handling must done be with causes skin,eye, and mouth irritation. For this that release atoxin disturbed. when This toxin have These species stinging cells (cnidoblasts) lis and/or applying anaesthetic to wound. the local treatedcan be bywound the soaking inhot water andEdema pain are common also symptoms that itse can paralyze afoot or alegfor some hours. dangerous ifit reaches bloodstream, the becau operculumin the area.poison The potentially is glands on of base first the the dorsal fin spins and In Algarve. weeversin the the fact, have venom of reported the accidents with poisonous animals aresea-bathers they because responsible for most Sea anemones ( Sea DANGERS Scorpaena notata Scorpaena [5] , Alicia mirabilisAlicia ): ( Trachinus draco Aiptasia diaphana Scorpaena [62] [4] , S.porcus and spp.): Anemonia viridis [89] [67] and Echiichthys [52] )

have ex the These fishes These , A. mutabi [79] ): - - - -

versity by co-funded of ARH/CCDR Algarve), project RENSUB from (I-IV), (Uni CCMAR the toral Grant ref. SFRH/BD/27478/2006, and the andScience Technology (FCT)through aDoc Sub, by funded Portuguese the Foundation for The authors would like thankthe to projectEco ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ( www.sealifebase.org www.seaweedafrica.org www.marinespecies.org www.idesporto.pt www.fishbase.org www.apambiente.pt www.algaebase.org READING SUGGESTIONS support during diving the expeditions. thanks to ourcial skipper, Isidoro for Costa, his tion and support during Spe diving the surveys. Rita Abecasis, and Rui for coopera Coelho their chers Laura Almeida, Leite, Cheila Pedro Veiga, The authors likewould thankalso the to resear former IPTM (Western). Marinha, to Ricardo especially and Nuno; and to Jorge Amador and his lifeguard team of Praia da supportlogistic during to diving the surveys; de Pera) and to (Sagres) Anabela Balmer for the thanks(Armação to MiguelSpecial Rodrigues Algarve. websites last accessed in December 2015 inDecember last accessed ) ------

GENTES D’MAR P. 27