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Preface to the Second Edition IX Introduction 1

I. FROM AFRICA THROUGH EARLY AMERICA

1 OLAUDAH EQUIANO, Traditional Ibo Religion and Culture 13 2 BRYAN EDWARDS, African Religions in Colonial 20 3 FRANCIS LE JAU, Slave Conversion on the Carolina Frontier 25 4 JUPITER HAMMON, ''Address to the Negroes in the State of New York" 34 5 GEORGE LIELE AND ANDREW BRYAN, Letters from Pioneer Black 44 6 LEMUEL HAYNES, A Black Puritan's Farewell 52

II. SLAVE RELIGION IN THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH

7 PETER RANDOLPH, Plantation Churches: Visible and Invisible 63 8 SISTER KELLY, "Proud of that 'Ole Time' Religion" 69 9 HENRY BIBB, Conjuration and Witchcraft 76 lO JAMES W. C. PENNINGTON, "Great Moral Dilemma" 81 11 NAT TURNER, Religion and Slave Insurrection 89 12 , Slaveholding Religion and the of Christ lO2 13 THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON, Slave Songs and Spirituals 112

III. BLACK CHURCHES NORTH OF AND THE FREEDOM STRUGGLE

14 , "Life Experience and Gospel Labors" 139 15 CHRISTOPHER RUSH, Rise of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church 155 16 JARENA LEE, A Female Preacher among the African Methodists 164 17 NATHANIEL PAUL, African Baptists Celebrate Emancipation in New York State 185 Contents

18 DAVID WALKER, "Our Wretchedness in Consequence of the Preachers of Religion" 193 19 MARIA STEWART, "Mrs. Stewart's Farewell Address to Her Friends in the City of Boston" 202 20 PETER WILLIAMS, "To the Citizens of New York" 211 21 CHARLES B. RAY, Black Churches in New York City, 1840 218 22 JEREMIAH ASHER, Protesting the "Negro Pew" 224 23 JERMAIN W. LOGUEN, "I Will Not Live a Slave" 228 24 DANIEL ALEXANDER PAYNE, "Welcome to the Ransomed" 232

IV. FREEDOM'S TIME OF TRIAL: 1865-WORLD WAR I

25 ISAAC LANE, From Slave to Preacher among the Freedmen 245 26 LUCIUS H. HOLSEY, "The Colored Methodist Episcopal Church" 251 27 WILLIAM WELLS BROWN, Black Religion in the Post-Reconstruction South 256 28 DANIEL ALEXANDER PAYNE, "Education in the A.M.E. Church" 261 29 AMANDA SMITH, The Travail of a Female Colored Evangelist 270 30 ALEXANDER CRUMM ELL, "The Regeneration of Africa" 282 31 HENRY MCNEAL TURNER, Emigration to Africa 289 32 AFRICAN AMERICAN CATHOLICS, The First African American Catholic Congress, 1889 296 33 ELIAS C. MORRIS, 1899 Presidential Address to the National Baptist Convention ~01 34 ELSIE W. MASON, C. H. Mason, 314 35 w. E. B. DUBOIS, "Of the Faith of the Fathers" 325 36 REVERDY C. RANSOM, "The Race Problem in a Christian State, 1906" 337 37 ROSA YOUNG, "What Induced Me to Build a School in the Rural District" 347

V. FROM THE GREAT MIGRATION TO WORLD WAR II

38 AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL COUNCIL OF , Address on the Great Migration 359 39 LETTERS ON THE SECOND EXODUS: "Dear Mary" and "My dear Sister" 364 40 S. MATTIE FISHER AND MRS. JESSIE MAPP, Social Work at Olivet Baptist Church 368

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41 LACY KIRK WILLIAMS, Effects of Urbanization on Religious Life 372 42 NANNIE H. BURROUGHS, Report of the Work of Baptist Women, 376 43 JASPER C. CASTON, Address to the Suehn Industrial Mission, 403 LULA E. COOPER, A Letter from the "Foreign Field" 410 44 CARTER G. WOODSON, "Things of the Spirit" 415 45 BENJAMIN E. MAYS AND JOSEPH W. NICHOLSON, "The Genius of the Negro Church" 423 46 ST. CLAIR DRAKE AND HORACE R. CAYTON, "The Churches of Bronzeville" 435

VI. TWENTIETH-CENTURY RELIGIOUS ALTERNATIVES

47 MARCUS GARVEY, Garvey Tells His Own Story 453 48 MILES MARK FISCHER, "Organized Religion and the Cults" 464 49 RABBI MATTHEW, Black Judaism in Harlem 473 50 FATHER DIVINE, "The Realness of God, to you-wards ..." 478 51 HERBERT MORRISOHN SMITH, Elder Lucy Smith 487 52 WALLACE D. MUHAMMAD, "Self-Government in the New World" 499

VII. CIVIL RIGHTS, BLACK THEOLOGY, AND BEYOND

53 JOSEPH H. JACKSON, "National Baptist Philosophy of Civil Rights" 511 54 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR., "Letter from Birmingham Jail-April 16, 1963" 519 55 MAHALIA JACKSON, Singing of Good Tidings and Freedom 536 56 HOWARD THURMAN, "The Anatomy of Segregation and Ground of Hope" 548 57 NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BLACK CHURCHMEN, "Black Power" Statement, July 31, 1966, and "Black Theology" Statement, June 13, 1969 555 58 JAMES H. CONE, "Black Theology and the : Where Do We Go from Here?" 567 59 LAWRENCE N. JONES, "The Black Churches: A New Agenda" 580

Index 589

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