Grafemiczna Struktura Tekstu Najstarszej Japońskiej Antologii Poetyckiej Man'yōshū

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Grafemiczna Struktura Tekstu Najstarszej Japońskiej Antologii Poetyckiej Man'yōshū Grafemiczna struktura tekstu najstarszej japońskiej antologii poetyckiej Man'yōshū Jan Wiślicki Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydział Polonistyki Katedra Językoznawtwa Ogólnego, Wschodnioazjatyckiego Porównawczego i Bałtystyki Rozprawa doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem dr. hab. Romualda Huszczy, prof UW Warszawa 2014 1 Spis treści Wstęp..........................................................................................................................................5 Wprowadzenie. Obiekt badań. .................................................................................................10 1. Klasyczne odpisy Man'yōshū ...................................................................................11 2. Współczesne naukowe opracowania Man'yōshū .....................................................18 Rozdział I Tekst na styku języków – problem języka w Man’yōshū.........................................................20 1. Językoznawstwo strukturalne a problem substancjalnej postaci jednostek języka ...........................................................................................................................20 1.1. Koncepcja subkodów autorstwa Adama Weinsberga ...............................22 2. Kundoku jako system przekładu. ..............................................................................24 2.1. Spojrzenie tradycyjne ................................................................................24 2.2. Propozycja spojrzenia systemowego .........................................................25 3. Wczesne piśmiennictwo japońskie a problem języka ..............................................28 3.1. Tradycja literacka przed powstaniem Man’yōshū i zagadnienie języka ...28 3.1.1. Pierwsze zabytki paleograficzne .................................................29 3.1.2. Księga dawnych wydarzeń ..........................................................31 4. Język Man’yōshū ......................................................................................................36 4.1. Problem jednostek chińskich w języku japońskim ....................................36 4.2. Man’yōshū – problem zapisu a problem języka ........................................39 4.3. Język prozatorskich partii Man’yōshū .......................................................41 4.3.1. Język mieszany na płaszczyźnie grafemicznej ...........................43 4.3.2. Język mieszany w na styku płaszczyzny grafemicznej i fonicznej ...............................................................................................46 4.4. Język lirycznych partii Man’yōshū ...........................................................53 4.4.1. Problem japońskich i ksenicznych sposobów odczytywania wyrazów w partiach lirycznych – próba zarysowania podłoża teoretycznego .......................................................................................53 4.4.2. Pragmatyczny status form ksenicznych – sinojapońskie a dyskusyjne metody odczytu. ........................................55 4.4.2.1. Niedyskusyjne odczyty sinojapońskie wyrazów chińskich ..........................................................55 4.4.2.2. Niedyskusyjne odczyty sinojapońskie wyrazów chińskich będących kalkami semantycznymi jednostek z języka sanskryckiego ...................................................58 4.4.2.3. Jednostki odczytywane po sinojapońsku jako kalki foniczne z języka sanskryckiego ..............60 4.4.3. Język lirycznych partii Man’yōshū – typologia problematyki ...61 4.4.3.1. Tekst uszeregowany wg zasad gramatyki chińskiej: obecność odmiennej konotacji semantycznej ...............63 4.4.3.2. Tekst uszeregowany wg zasad gramatyki chińskiej: obecność odmiennej konotacji fonicznej .....67 4.4.3.3. Tekst gramatycznie niejednorodny – odmienny status gramatyczny ideogramów ........................................................70 4.4.3.4. Mieszane uszeregowanie fraz złożonych – końcówka fleksyjna zbudowana wg zasad składni chińskiej ....................75 4.4.3.5. Mieszane uszeregowanie fraz złożonych – gramatyczna niejednorodność czasownika złożonego ..................................78 4.4.3.6. Wykorzystanie języka drugiego rzędu ............82 2 5. Język Man’yōshū – uwagi końcowe ........................................................................86 Rozdział II. Problem nadawcy tekstu Man’yōshū .......................................................................................89 1. Kompilacja antologii – historyczny punkt wyjścia ..................................................89 2. Kompilacja antologii w perspektywie badań współczesnych ..................................91 2.1. Lingwocentryczna analiza Nakanishiego ..................................................93 2.2. Problem nadawcy tekstu pisanego w badanich zachodnich ......................99 3. Rodzaje nadawcy tekstu pisanego – propozycja typologii .....................................104 4. Man’yōshū i problem nadawcy – badania materiałowe .........................................110 4.1. Autorzy rzeczywiści ................................................................................112 4.1.1. Autorzy Man’yōshū wczesnego okresu ....................................113 4.1.2. Kakinomoto no Hitomaro .........................................................116 4.1.3. Yama no Ue no Okura ..............................................................118 4.1.4. Ōtomo no Tabito ...........................................................120 4.1.5. Ōtomo no Yakamochi ...................................................121 4.1.6. Yamabe no Akahito ......................................................123 4.1.7. Autorzy pieśni wschodnich oraz pieśni strażników i ich rodzin ....................................................................124 4.2. Autor wnioskowany ................................................................................127 4.3. Kompilatorzy ..........................................................................................129 4.3.1. Nadany porządek. Rozmieszczenie utworów jako informacja odkompilatorska .................................................................................129 4.3.1.1. Nadanie porządku formalno- tematycznego ..............................................................131 4.3.1.2. Nadanie porządku powołującego odrębny poziom tekstowy .........................................................133 4.4. Komentatorzy ..........................................................................................136 4.4.1. Analiza pragmatyczna a postulowanie nadawcy- komentatora ........................................................................................138 4.4.1.1. Komentarz jako dookreślenie lub sprostowanie wstępu odkompilatorskiego ................................................................139 4.4.1.2. Komentarz końcowy i komentarz dolny – przyczyny rozróżnienia źródłowego .........................................................144 4.4.1.3. Komentarz do komentarza – marginalność zjawiska jako wskazówka pragmatyczna ..............................................145 4.4.2. Komentatorzy – podsumowanie. ..............................................146 4.5. Podmiot liryczny .....................................................................................147 4.5.1. Podmiot liryczny o sobie. Jakich informacji dostarcza odbiorcy nadawca utworu lirycznego. ..............................................................149 4.5.1.1. Podmiot liryczny i problem zaimków. ......................149 4.5.1.2. Forma auto-aprecjatywna. .........................................152 4.5.1.3. Struktury dialogowe w ramach pojedynczej pieśni sedōka. Wykładniki podmiotów lirycznych. ..........................155 4.5.1.4. Podmiot liryczny jako uczestnik i sprawozdawca wydarzeń ................................................................................157 4.5.2. Dialog a informacje o rozmówcy .............................................159 4.5.3. Do kogo odnosi się kompilator i komentator? .........................163 4.6. Bohaterowie ............................................................................................168 4.6.1. Mówienie, że oraz cytacyjne mówienie: „_” w języku japońskim – zarys rozróżnienia ...........................................................................168 3 4.6.2. Tekst Man’yōshū a problem identyfikacji wypowiedzi bohatera ..............................................................................................175 4.6.2.1. Otoczenie tekstowe jako wykładnik przytoczenia cytacyjnego .............................................................................176 4.6.2.2. Kontekst wyznaczający przytoczenie cytacyjne ........179 4.6.2.2.1. Emfatyczne i wolitywne wykładniki pierwszej osoby ...........................................................................180 4.6.2.2.2. Przytoczenie performatywnego aktu mowy ...........................................................................184 4.6.2.3. Bohater intertekstualny ..............................................188 4.7. Kopiści .....................................................................................................191 5. Nadawca Man'yōshū jako tekstu grafemicznego – uwagi końcowe ......................199 Rozdział III. Grafemiczna kompozycja Man’yōshū. Antologia poetycka jako tekst. .................................201 1. Pojęcie makrostruktury ..........................................................................................202 1.1. Makrostruktura a problem percepcji tekstu .............................................203
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