Collections Management and Built Environment
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Researching the International Field Researching the International Field: Collections Management and Built Environment Researching the International Field: Collections Management and Built Environment Colophon Researching the International Field: Collections & Built Environment, 2019 Author: Paige Foley Supervisor: Jean-Paul Corten Editor: Sofa Lovegrove Design and print: XEROX/OBT, The Hague © Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands P.O. Box 1600 3800 BP Amersfoort The Netherlands www.cultureelerfgoed.nl www.culturalheritageagency.nl/en/cultural-heritage/shared-cultural-heritage Images: Cultural Heritage Agency, Shared Cultural Heritage Programme, unless noted otherwise. Photo credits: Coverphoto Sawahlunto (Peter Timmer), p. 7 Deshima (Commons Wikimedia); p. 8 Oranjetuin (René ten Dam); p. 14 DNB (Wiki Commons CvanRooijen); p. 17 Holland Land Company (Wikimedia Daniel Case); p. 25 Workshop Jakarta (Angeline Basuki); p. 29 ANRI (Huib Akihary) This publication has been made with the greatest possible care. No rights can be derived from the contents and/or inaccuracies that may nonetheless appear in it. Table of Contents Preface 5 4. Built Environment: The International Field 24 1. The Shared Cultural Heritage Programme 6 I Introduction 24 I Introduction 6 II Education 24 II International Cultural Policy 6 III Research 26 III Shared Cultural Heritage 7 IV Advisory 27 IV Strategies for Sustainability: Collections V Humanitarianism and the Holistic Management & Built Environment 9 Approach 29 V Conclusions 11 VI Sources 30 VI Sources 12 5. Conclusions & Recommen dations 33 2. Research Methodology 13 I Introduction 33 I Introduction 13 II Geographic & Thematic Overlap- II Categorising 14 Cooperation or Competition? 33 III Honourable Mention 15 III The Shared Heritage of the Colonial Past 35 IV Challenges & Limitations: 15 IV Recommendations for Future Partnership 36 V The Netherlands: Where Do We Stand? 38 3. Museum Collections: The International VI Further Research 39 Field 17 VII Sources 39 I Introduction 17 II Preventive Conservation 18 Mapping the International Field: III Digitality 20 Collections Management 40 IV Museums & Visitors 20 V Humanitarianism, Intangible Heritage Mapping the International Field: and ‘Lived Heritage’ 21 Built Environment 85 VI Sources 22 Preface 5 — Through its Shared Cultural Heritage programme, the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands works toward a sustainable future for shared heritage with ten partner countries. With this programme, the Cultural Heritage Agency provides training and advice, shares expertise, and develops tools. Through knowledge exchange we are able to constantly give new meaning to our cultural heritage in a changing society. We work closely with our partner countries and with Dutch partners within an extensive international network. The Cultural Heritage Agency is not the only organization active in the international heritage feld. The focus on shared heritage, understood as heritage relating to the past shared by two or more countries, might be less common though. Nonetheless, there are many other organizations actively seeking international collaborations for the beneft of heritage, shared or not. What does this mean for the Shared Cultural Heritage programme of the Cultural Heritage Agency? What can we learn from these organisations in terms of strategies and methodologies? To what extent do opportunities exist for future collaboration with these organisations towards common goals? How can we utilise this knowledge to carve a niche role for the Cultural Heritage Agency in the global feld? These are the questions Paige Foley, the author of this report, looked into. This publication presents the results of her research. Since we believe that its relevance goes beyond the Shared Cultural Heritage programme of the Cultural Heritage Agency, we decided to make it accessible to a wider audience. Hopefully, this report will be of use in your current and future endeavors to fnd suitable partners in the international heritage feld. Jinna Smit Programme Director Shared Cultural Heritage Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands 6 1. The Shared Cultural Heritage — Programme relationships between culture and society are not only I Introduction made on local, regional and national levels, but also on a global scale. Having witnessed a vast history of international cultural relations, beginning with the age of Within the Netherlands, the previous decades have seen Dutch trade, through to the colonial era, and up to the notable developments within the heritage feld; these vast reciprocal immigration trends of the twentieth developments have informed the Dutch cultural system century, the Netherlands has created a comprehensive as well as Dutch policy today. As a result, this network of connections across the globe. In order to introductory chapter seeks to understand the role of the maintain its reputation as a cultural centre, long-term Shared Cultural Heritage Programme, an element of the eforts have to be made to look beyond the country’s International Cultural Policy since 2000, in the context of borders, once more revisiting these connections and the Dutch experience. This chapter is therefore intended creating new ones.2 to cast light on the ways in which developments within As a result, the Dutch cultural sector is progressively the heritage feld of the Netherlands- primarily with looking to expand its reach internationally with the belief respect to collections management and spatial planning, that internationalisation of the cultural sector can have informed the Dutch International Cultural Policy; improve the profle of Dutch artists and organisations on and furthermore, how these developments have enabled a global scale and, furthermore, that cultural diplomacy the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands, through can be seen as a viable foundation for promoting the Shared Cultural Heritage Programme, to adopt a amicable relations between the Netherlands and other niche approach within the feld. By utilising a discourse countries. In other words, the Dutch cultural sector, analysis on policy documents, publications and journal through diplomatic means, is further seeking to integrate articles in conjunction with feldwork interviews, this the bonds between culture and the policy on a global chapter serves as an orientation to further research on level.3 To achieve this, the Ministry of Education, Culture the role of the Shared Cultural Heritage Programme and Science, in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign within a global context. By frst gaining an understanding afairs, has commited to a cyclical International Cultural of the ways in which the Shared Cultural Heritage Policy which can be utilised to facilitate cultural Programme is utilised, and the specifc role that the exchanges between Dutch parties and international Cultural Heritage Agency plays within the programme, bodies.4 The International Cultural Policy not only the ultimate purpose of this research project is to map recognises culture as interlinked with economics and the international heritage feld. The desired goal of this politics, but also sees culture as having the potential to research project is therefore to reveal possible address other important issues that currently threaten opportunities for collaboration as well as to illuminate various societies throughout the world, such as social new opportunities in which the Cultural Heritage Agency and human rights issues.5 The current 2017-2020 period can play an active role. of the policy is in fact looking away from the economic centric approach of intercultural diplomacy, and increasingly towards seeing culture as intrinsically II International Cultural Policy valuable to a community’s sense of self.6 This policy sees the Ministry of Foreign Afairs implementing this policy within Dutch Embassies in various nations across the In an increasingly globalised world, the Dutch cultural globe, while the Ministry of Education, Culture and system can perhaps best be described by its ambition to Science supports funds and provides a framework for contribute to a, “safe, just, future-proof world.”1 In the Dutch cultural organisations to carry out their side of the contemporary era, it is becoming more clear the ways in policy.7 Currently the scope of the policy is threefold; the which culture is intertwined with the other facets of main goals are to contribute to the development of everyday society in the Netherlands; it contributes in cultural relations with partner countries, to strengthen large part to the economy, to the creation of government policies and to the formation of various social identities. 2 Ben Hurkmans, “A World To Be Won: Cultural Diplomacy in the Netherlands, “Clingendael: Netherlands Institute of International Relations, October 2008. By fostering culture, we can contribute to the overall 3 Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands, The Dutch well-being of our societies. Further to this, with the Cultural System, 2013, 12. 4 Ibid, 12. prevalence of technology, it is becoming clear that these 5 Ministry of Foreign Afairs and Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands, International Cultural Policy Framework, 2017-2020, 3. 6 Ibid, 3. 1 Ministry of Foreign Afairs and Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of 7 Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands, The Dutch the Netherlands, International Cultural Policy Framework, 2017-2020, 2016, 11. Cultural System, 13. 7 — Dejima