First CEP Conference on Sex Offender Management 22-23 November 2018 Riga, Latvia UNDERSTANDING AND WORKING WITH PEOPLE WHO USE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE MATERIAL
VIRGINIA SOLDINO UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA (SPAIN) 1. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE MATERIAL
• ILLEGAL MATERIAL CHILD PORNOGRAPHY (DIRECTIVE 2011/93/EU)
• With real children (< 18): i. Any material that visually depicts a child engaged in real or simulated sexually explicit conduct; ii. Any depiction of the sexual organs of a child for primarily sexual purposes; 1. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE MATERIAL
• ILLEGAL MATERIAL CHILD PORNOGRAPHY (DIRECTIVE 2011/93/EU) • Pornography allusive to children (technical and virtual CP): iii. Any material that visually depicts any person appearing to be a child engaged in real or simulated sexually explicit conduct or any depiction of the sexual organs of any person appearing to be a child, for primarily sexual purposes; or iv. Realistic images of a child engaged in sexually explicit conduct or realistic images of the sexual organs of a child, for primarily sexual purposes. 1. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE MATERIAL
• LEGAL MATERIAL
• With real children: • Non-erotic and non-sexualized images of fully or partially clothed or naked children, from commercial sources, family albums or legitimate sources COPINE levels 1,2,3 (Quayle, 2008).
• Allusive to children: • Narratives: written stories or poems, sometimes recorded as audio tapes or depicted as cartoons (lolicon/shotacon/yaoi), describing sexual encounters involving minors (Merdian, 2012). 2. OFFENCES CONCERNING CHILD PORNOGRAPHY
• Directive 2011/93/UE, article 5: • Acquisition or possession • Knowingly obtaining access • Distribution, dissemination or transmission • Offering, supplying or making available • Production 3. MOTIVATIONS FOR CSAM USE
CONTACT-DRIVEN FANTASY-DRIVEN
• Preference for indirect Cognitive distortions means of sexual satisfaction children as sexual agents • More intimacy deficits • Intense use of CSEM • More aroused by CSEM
Merdian et al., 2018 4. CSAM-SPECIFIC IMPLICIT THEORIES Affordable Accessible Anonymous
Source: Bartels & Merdian, 2016 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR SEX OFFENDERS
• Meta analysis results (Soldino & Carbonell-Vayá, 2017):
Greatest effect size: • MST (OR = .23), interventions based on social support provided by volunteers (OR = .27), CBT (OR = .47) • Individualized treatments (OR = .19) • Short length ≤ 12 months (OR = .47) 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR SEX OFFENDERS
Refer to other practitioners when needed (major mental ASSESSMENT AND illness, substance MOTIVATION INTERVENTION FOLLOW-UP abuse, etc.)
3 individual sessions 32 group sessions 1 individual session 1 group session 8 month length 1 month after 1 month length Involvement of the families when possible (MST) 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR SEX OFFENDERS
• The importance of a good assessment: • Get to know the person (nobody is a criminal 24/7) not only crime-related questions • Identify risk and protective factors (CSAM-specific?) • A good rapport is key to get intimate information humour is also allowed create a comfortable atmosphere talking openly about sex • Not an interrogation, not a judgement ROLE PLAYING 6. WHAT ARE THEIR TREATMENT GOALS? Major goal “Never fall back on this”
Also concerned about related stigma “Get rid of the feelings of guilt and shame” Intimate relationships and sexuality Have an intimate partner Love my partner and future family Have a relationship with a girl Have satisfactory sex with my wife Live a full satisfactory and consented sexuality Social relationships Family relationships Be more extrovert Have a good relationship Mix more with other people with my father Have friends Improve family relationships Have real friends Get back family harmony Employment Have a stable job Get a job that I like Self esteem, emotion management and coping skills Leisure and free time “Face the problems positively” Do new activities “Express my emotions” Change habits “Be more positive” Other related problems “Feel loved and understood” Reduce alcohol consumption Give up gambling, permanently WORKING WITH PEOPLE WHO USE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE MATERIALS IS…
•Challenging •Sometimes criticized by others •Intense •Requires a great responsibility
… but also very fulfilling Actually some of them are very grateful for our work… THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Contact E-mail: [email protected] ResearchGate: Virginia Soldino