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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in Horses: Natural Presence and Underlying Biomechanisms
ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS IN HORSES: NATURAL PRESENCE AND UNDERLYING BIOMECHANISMS Anneleen Decloedt Dissertation submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy (PhD) in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University PROMOTER Prof. dr. ir. Lynn Vanhaecke Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory of Chemical Analysis MEMBERS OF THE READING COMMITTEE Prof. dr. James Scarth HFL Sport Science, Cambridgeshire, United-Kingdom Prof. dr. Peter Van Eenoo Ghent University, DoCoLab, Zwijnaarde, Belgium Prof. dr. Ann Van Soom Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Dr. Ludovic Bailly-Chouriberry Laboratoires des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, France Dr. Leen Van Ginkel Wageningen University, RIKILT, Wageningen, The Netherlands Prof. dr. Myriam Hesta Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium This work was funded by the Fédération Nationale des Courses Françaises (via the Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques) and executed at the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke). The author and the promoter give the authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. “The universe is full of magic, Just patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper” TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I – General Introduction 1 1. Steroids 3 1.1 Chemical structure 1.2 (Steroid) hormones and their role in the endocrine system 1.3 Biosynthesis of steroid hormones 1.4 Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) 1.5 Synthesis and absorption of the steroid precursor cholesterol 2. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0063698 A1 Hartwig (43) Pub
US 2008 OO63698A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0063698 A1 Hartwig (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 13, 2008 (54) CRYSTALLIZATION INHIBITION OF DRUGS now abandoned, which is a continuation of applica IN TRANSIDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY tion No. 10/010,342, filed on Dec. 5, 2001, now SYSTEMIS AND METHODS OF USE abandoned. (75) Inventor: Rod Lawson Hartwig, Plantation, FL (60) Provisional application No. 60/251.294, filed on Dec. (US) 5, 2000. Correspondence Address: Publication Classification Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Jay G. Kolman, Esq. (51) Int. Cl. 11960 S.W. 144 Street A6II 3/56 (2006.01) A6F 3/00 (2006.01) Miami, FL 33186 (US) A6IP 43/00 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: NOVEN PHARMACEUTICALS, A6F 3/02 (2006.01) INC. (52) U.S. Cl. ........................... 424/448; 424/449; 514/170 (57) ABSTRACT Appl. No.: 11/897,189 (21) The invention relates to compositions and methods for (22) Filed: Aug. 29, 2007 making a transdermal drug delivery system capable of achieving substantially zero-order kinetics for delivery of Related U.S. Application Data the active agent over a period of time in excess of 24 hours and at least 72 hours, comprising a pharmaceutically accept (63) Continuation of application No. 10/751,152, filed on able active agent carrier and a rosin ester which provides a Jan. 2, 2004, now abandoned, which is a continuation crystal inhibiting and drug stabilizing effect on the active of application No. 10/353,624, filed on Jan. 29, 2003, agents incorporated therein. 13 2 2 Patent Application Publication Mar. -
Control Be Implemented. the First Large-Scale Systematic Olympic Games
Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.11.4.162 on 1 December 1977. Downloaded from 162 Brit. J. Sports Med. - Vol. 1 1, No. 4, December 1977, pp. 162-169 RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS: AN EVALUATION OF THREE ANTISERA FOR THE DETECTION OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS Robert DUGAL, Ph.D., Claire DUPUIS, Ph.D. and Michel J. BERTRAND, Ph.D. Centre de Recherches en Sciences de la Sante, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Hospitalier Louis-H. Lafontaine, Montrdal, Quebec, Canada ABSTRACT Recently developped radioimmunoassays (RIA) for the analysis of anabolic steroids and their metabolites in biological fluids were tested for cross-reactivity with other types of steroids. Results show that the degree of desirable cross-reactivity within the two classes of orally active anabolic steroids vary widely and that the antiserum for 19-Nortestosterone (the active principle of intramuscular, preparations) has a very high degree of undesirable cross- reactivity with components of oral contraceptives. Single and multiple dose studies in human volunteers demonstrate that the detection level and degree of retrospectivity are likewise variable but that the test easily detects most anabolic steroids during treatment. At the present time, the combination of the three antisera for the assay of a sample appears to be a relatively rapid and economic method for screening large numbers of samples in situations where doping control of anabolic steroids is required. The importance of utilizing physico-chemical means for identification of RIA potential positives is emphasized. INTRODUCTION (Sumner, 1974: Brooks et al, 1975) and identification procedures for a limited number of them have also been copyright. -
Nomenclature of Steroids
Pure&App/. Chern.,Vol. 61, No. 10, pp. 1783-1822,1989. Printed in Great Britain. @ 1989 IUPAC INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY and INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY JOINT COMMISSION ON BIOCHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE* NOMENCLATURE OF STEROIDS (Recommendations 1989) Prepared for publication by G. P. MOSS Queen Mary College, Mile End Road, London El 4NS, UK *Membership of the Commission (JCBN) during 1987-89 is as follows: Chairman: J. F. G. Vliegenthart (Netherlands); Secretary: A. Cornish-Bowden (UK); Members: J. R. Bull (RSA); M. A. Chester (Sweden); C. LiCbecq (Belgium, representing the IUB Committee of Editors of Biochemical Journals); J. Reedijk (Netherlands); P. Venetianer (Hungary); Associate Members: G. P. Moss (UK); J. C. Rigg (Netherlands). Additional contributors to the formulation of these recommendations: Nomenclature Committee of ZUB(NC-ZUB) (those additional to JCBN): H. Bielka (GDR); C. R. Cantor (USA); H. B. F. Dixon (UK); P. Karlson (FRG); K. L. Loening (USA); W. Saenger (FRG); N. Sharon (Israel); E. J. van Lenten (USA); S. F. Velick (USA); E. C. Webb (Australia). Membership of Expert Panel: P. Karlson (FRG, Convener); J. R. Bull (RSA); K. Engel (FRG); J. Fried (USA); H. W. Kircher (USA); K. L. Loening (USA); G. P. Moss (UK); G. Popjiik (USA); M. R. Uskokovic (USA). Correspondence on these recommendations should be addressed to Dr. G. P. Moss at the above address or to any member of the Commission. Republication of this report is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgement, with full reference together with IUPAC copyright symbol (01989 IUPAC), is printed. -
Regioselective Enzymatic Acylation of Vicinal Diols of Steroids
Tetrahedron 61 (2005) 3065–3073 Regioselective enzymatic acylation of vicinal diols of steroids M. Manuel Cruz Silva,a Sergio Rivab and M. Luisa Sa´ e Meloa,* aCentro de Estudos Farmaceˆuticos, Lab. Quı´mica Farmaceˆutica, Faculdade de Farma´cia, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua do Norte 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal bIstituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy Received 28 October 2004; revised 29 November 2004; accepted 25 January 2005 Abstract—Monoacylated derivatives of a complete set of 2,3- and 3,4-vicinal diols of steroids were prepared by regioselective lipase- catalysed transesterification reactions. The enzymes displayed different selectivities towards the vicinal diols depending on the configuration of the hydroxyl groups. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Studies on the transesterification of polyfunctionalyzed steroids have shown that hydrolases can have access to Polyhydroxylated steroids bearing vicinal diols on the substituents either on the A-ring or on the D-ring and/or on A-ring are frequently found in Nature and some of them the side-chain of steroids. Several lipases showed a have relevant biological activities. For instance, the trans- preference for C-3 hydroxyl groups,13,14 whereas the diaxial 2b,3a-di-hydroxy pattern is present in natural protease subtilisin Carlsberg catalysed the acylation of 14 sulphated sterols with antiviral1 or anti-angiogenic2 action, C-17 OH. Moreover, stereoselective resolutions of while 2a,3a-diols isolated from marine sources hold epimeric alcohols located on the steroid side-chain have 15 cytotoxic activity.3 Steroidal saponins displaying trans- been carried out by lipase PS and, more recently, by 16 diequatorial 2a,3b-vicinal diols are quite frequent as subtilisin. -
Identification of Steroid Esters in Cattle Hair at Ultra-Trace Levels
Application Note Identification of Steroid Esters in Cattle Hair at Ultra-Trace Levels Emmanuelle Bichon, Lauriane Rambaud, Stephanie Christien, Aurélien Béasse, Stephanie Prevost, Fabrice Monteau, Bruno Le Bizec, Peter Hancock Waters Corporation Abstract The aim of this study is to address some of the analytical challenges previously described when analyzing a wide range of steroid esters (boldenone, nandrolone, estradiol, and testosterone) in cattle hair. Benefits ■ Unambiguous determination of steroid esters at ng/g level in cattle hair ■ Method is five times faster than the established GC-MS/MS method, with all esters included in a single run ■ Provides an efficient and additional confirmatory method to overcome any inconclusive urine analyses ■ Allows the potential to improve the detection of all banned substances in cattle hair by reducing matrix interference ■ Provides the ability to detect and identify compounds for a long time after administration Introduction The safety of our food supply can no longer be taken for granted. As the world changes and populations continue to grow, so will the responsibility of organizations to meet the demand of safe food supplies. One route of human exposure to veterinary substances is through the food chain as a result of malpractice or illegal activities. The steroid esters are one group of substances causing concern, which might still be used as growth promoting agents, but are now forbidden from use in breeding animals in the European Union.1 No residues of these anabolic substances should -
Mutagens and Reproductive Toxins Chemical Class Standard Operating Procedure
1 Mutagens and Reproductive Toxins Chemical Class Standard Operating Procedure Mutagens and Reproductive Toxins H340 H341 H360 H361 H362 This SOP is not a substitute for hands-on training. Print a copy and insert into your laboratory SOP binder. Department: Chemistry Date SOP was written: Thursday, July 1, 2021 Date SOP was approved by PI/lab supervisor: Thursday, July 1, 2021 Name: F. Fischer Principal Investigator: Signature: ______________________________ Name: Matthew Rollings Internal Lab Safety Coordinator or Lab Manager: Lab Phone: 510.301.1058 Office Phone: 510.643.7205 Name: Felix Fischer Emergency Contact: Phone Number: 510.643.7205 Tan Hall 674, 675, 676, 679, 680, 683, 684 Location(s) covered by this SOP: Hildebrand Hall: D61, D32 1. Purpose This SOP covers the precautions and safe handling procedures for the use of Mutagens and Reproductive Toxins. For a list of Mutagens and Reproductive Toxins covered by this SOP and their use(s), see the “List of Chemicals”. Procedures described in Section 12 apply to all materials covered in this SOP. A change to the “List of Chemicals” does not constitute a change in the SOP requiring review or retraining. If you have questions concerning the applicability of any recommendation or requirement listed in this procedure, contact the Principal Investigator/Laboratory Supervisor or the campus Chemical Hygiene Officer at [email protected]. 2. Physical & Chemical Properties/Definition of Chemical Group Germ Cell Mutagenicity is a hazard class that is primarily concerned with chemicals that may cause mutations in the germ cell of humans that can be transmitted to the progeny. Rev. -
Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone in Normal Subjects, During Pregnancy, and in Hyperthyroidism
Metabolic Clearance Rate and Blood Production Rate of Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone in Normal Subjects, during Pregnancy, and in Hyperthyroidism J. M. SAEz, M. G. FOREST, A. M. MoRErm, and J. BRnTND From the Unite' de Recherches Endocriniennes et Metaboliques chez l'Enfant (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale), H6pital Debrousse, Lyon 5', France A B S T R A C T The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and (an adult with hyperthyroidism and two children) these blood production rate (BP) of testosterone (T) and dihy- two MCRs were greatly reduced compared to the normal drotestosterone (DHT), the conversion of plasma testos- females, but the conversion of testosterone into dihy- terone to plasma dihydrotestosterone, and the renal clear- drotestosterone was in the limits of normal male range ance of androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestos- In the normal subjects the renal clearance of andros- terone have been studied in man. In eight normal men, the tenedione was greater than that of testosterone and di- MCRT (516±108 [SD] liters/m/day) was significantly hydrotestosterone. Less than 20% of the dihydrotestos- greater than the MCRDIT (391±71 [SD] liters/m'/day). terone and less than 10% of the androstenedione in the In seven females, the MCRT (304±53 [SD] liters/m'/day) urine is derived from the plasma dihydrotestosterone and was also greater than the MCRDET (209±45 [SD] liters/ androstenedione. m2/day) and both values were less than their respective values in men (P <0.001). In men the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone at 2.8±0.3% (SD) INTRODUCTION was greater than that found in females, 1.56±0.5% (SD) During the past few years increased attention has been (P < 0.001). -
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Steroids
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PREFACE M/s Ratantray Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. is proposing a project for manufacturing of Vitamins, Steroids & Hormones. SITE DESCRIPTION The said project will come up at H1-174 RIICO, Shree Khatushyam Ji Industrial Area, Reengus, District-Sikar, Rajasthan. The total land available is 500 square metre. The complete land is under acquisition. PROJECTDESCRIPTION M/s Ratantray Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. is proposing a project for manufacturing of Vitamins, Steroids & Hormones. As per EIA Notification dated 14th Sept., 2006 and amended from time to time, the proposed project falls under Category “B”, Project or Activity 5(f) Synthetic organic chemical Industry. The project is submitted at SEIAA Rajasthan as the proposed project is in notified industrial area. The details of Raw materials are as shown in the table below: Table-1 List of Raw Material S. No. Raw Material Unit Quantity Standard Per Month Per Year (5.0kg batch size) (110kg/month) (Kg) 1 Cyanocobalamin Kg 5.00 100 1200 2 Methyl Iodide Kg 4.50 90 1080 3 Sodium Kg 5.50 110 1320 Borohydride 4 Chloroform Kg 98.00 1960 23520 5 Acetone Kg 60.00 1200 14400 6 Phenol Kg 25.00 500 6000 7 Methanol Kg 13.00 260 3120 The details of Raw materials are as shown in the table below: Table-2 List of Products S. No. Vitamins 1 Methylcobalamin ( Vitamin B12) 2 Hydroxocobalamin Acetate 3 Alfacalcidol (Vitamin D) 4 Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) 5 Calcitriol (Vitamin D3) 6 Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) 7 Paricalcitol (Vitamin D2) 8 Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate (Vitamin B6) Steroids 1 | Page 1 Beclomethasone -
Transformations of Steroid Esters by Fusarium Culmorum Alina S´ Wizdor*, Teresa Kołek, and Anna Szpineter
Transformations of Steroid Esters by Fusarium culmorum Alina S´ wizdor*, Teresa Kołek, and Anna Szpineter Department of Chemistry, Agricultural University, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. Fax: 0048-071-3283576. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 61c, 809Ð814 (2006); received April 6/May 15, 2006 The course of transformations of the pharmacological steroids: testosterone propionate, 4-chlorotestosterone acetate, 17-estradiol diacetate and their parent alcohols in Fusarium culmorum AM282 culture was compared. The results show that this microorganism is capable of regioselective hydrolysis of ester bonds. Only 4-ene-3-oxo steroid esters were hydrolyzed at C-17. 17-Estradiol diacetate underwent regioselective hydrolysis at C-3 and as a result, estrone Ð the main metabolite of estradiol Ð was absent in the reaction mixture. The alcohols resulting from the hydrolysis underwent oxidation at C-17 and hydroxylation. The same products (6- and 15α-hydroxy derivatives) as from testosterone were formed by transformation of testosterone propionate, but the quantitative composition of the mixtures obtained after transformations of both substrates showed differences. The 15α-hydroxy deriv- atives were obtained from the ester in considerably higher yield than from the parent alcohol. The presence of the chlorine atom at C-4 markedly reduced 17-saponification in 4-chloro- testosterone acetate. Only 3,15α-dihydroxy-4α-chloro-5α-androstan-17-one (the main prod- uct of transformation of 4-chlorotestosterone) was identified in the reaction mixture. 6- Hydroxy-4-chloroandrostenedione, which was formed from 4-chlorotestosterone, was not de- tected in the extract obtained after conversion of its ester. -
Drugs in Sport 6Th Edition Download Free
DRUGS IN SPORT 6TH EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Brian Garrett | 9781134708000 | | | | | Philosophy of Sport Arteriovenous malformations. Kinesiology, applied. Female genital mutilation. Pro-doping arguments typically rely on the claim that doping is morally equivalent to the use of other sports technology or medical interventions that are widely accepted in sport e. Hegemony theorists such as Richard Gruenau and John Hargreaves explore the role that cultural practices and processes play in shaping the nature of sporting practices, Drugs in Sport 6th edition emphasizing the value of human agency. Warburton, N. Pediatric surgery. Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate. Sandel, M. Drugs used in labor. In the United Kingdom, AAS are classified as class C drugs for their illegal abuse potential, which puts them in the same class as benzodiazepines. Myelodysplastic syndrome. BTG Pharmaceuticals, U. Nordenfelt, L. Epstein-Barr virus test. A Biol. Finally, the practice of Therapeutic Use Exemptions TUEs operates in elite able-bodied and disability sport to allow athletes with chronic or temporary illness Drugs in Sport 6th edition use medication for therapeutic as opposed to enhancement purposes that they would otherwise be prohibited from using. Ho eds. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus MRSA infections. For example, AAS may prematurely stop the lengthening of bones premature epiphyseal fusion through increased Drugs in Sport 6th edition of estrogen metabolitesresulting in stunted growth. Barium enema. Studies indicate that the anabolic properties of AAS are relatively similar despite the differences in pharmacokinetic principles such as first-pass metabolism. Nutrition counseling. June In order to compete in disability or Paralympic sport, one must be classed as having a disability. -
Determination of Testosterone Esters in Serum by Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS-MS)
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Final Thesis Determination of testosterone esters in serum by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) Erica Törnvall Final Thesis performed at National Board of Forensic Medicine 2010-06-03 LITH-IFM-EX--10/2263--SE Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University 581 83 Linköping, Sweden 1 Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Determination of testosterone esters in serum by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) Erica Törnvall Final Thesis performed at National Board of Forensic Medicine 2010-06-03 Supervisors Yvonne Lood Martin Josefsson Examiner Roger Sävenhed 2 Avdelning, institution Datum Division, Department Date 2010-06-03 Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Språk Rapporttyp ISBN Language Report category Svenska/Swedish Licentiatavhandling ISRN: LITH-IFM-EX--10/2263--SE Engelska/English Examensarbete _________________________________________________________________ C-uppsats D-uppsats Serietitel och serienummer ISSN ________________ Övrig rapport Title of series, numbering ______________________________ _____________ URL för elektronisk version Titel Title Determination of testosterone esters in serum by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) Författare Author Erica Törnvall Sammanfattning Abstract Anabolic androgenic steroids are testosterone and its derivates. Testosterone is the most important naturally existing sex hormone for men and is used for its anabolic effects providing increased muscle mass. Testosterone is taken orally or by intramuscular injection in its ester form and are available illegally in different forms of esters. Anabolic androgenic steroids are today analyzed only in urine. To differentiate between the human natural testosterone and exogenous supply the quote natural testosterone and epitestosterone is used.