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Garden Insects of North America: the Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs

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Garden Insects of North America: the Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CONTENTS Preface 13 Acknowledgments 15 CHAPTER one Introduction to Garden Insects and Their Relatives 16 Arthropod Growth and Metamorphosis 18 Body Parts Useful in Diagnosing Garden Insect Orders 20 Arthropods 30 Identification of Immature Stages of Common Types of Plant Injuries Caused Arthropods 21 by Insects 31 Excreted and Secreted Products Useful in Plant Pathogens Transmitted by Insects Diagnosing Garden Arthropods and Mites 39 and Slugs 28 CHAPTER Two Insects That Chew on Leaves and Needles 40 Grasshoppers 42 Giant Silkworms/Royal Moths 78 Field Crickets 46 Cecropia Moth 78 Other Crickets and Katydids 46 Other Giant Silkworms/Royal Moths 78 Common (Northern) Walkingstick 50 Slug Caterpillars/Flannel Moths and Other Related Species 50 Stinging Caterpillars 84 European Earwig 52 Tussock Moths 86 Other Earwigs 52 Whitemarked Tussock Moth 86 Related and Similar Species 86 Cockroaches 54 Gypsy Moth 90 Imported Cabbageworm 56 Other Sulfur and White Butterflies 56 Woollybears 92 Swallowtails 58 Climbing Cutworms and Armyworms 94 Parsleyworm/Black Swallowtail 58 Variegated Cutworm 94 Other Swallowtails 60 Fall Armyworm 94 Beet Armyworm 96 Brushfooted Butterflies 62 Other Climbing Cutworms and Armyworms 96 Painted Lady/Thistle Caterpillar 62 Other Brushfooted Butterflies 62 Loopers 102 Cabbage Looper 102 Hornworms and Sphinx Moths 68 Other Common Garden Loopers 102 Tomato Hornworm and Tobacco Hornworm 68 Cankerworms, Inchworms, and Other Common Hornworms 70 Spanworms 104 Fall Cankerworm 104 Prominent Moths/Notodontids 74 Other Cankerworms, Inchworms, and Walnut Caterpillar 74 Spanworms 106 Other Notodontids/Prominent Moths on Shade Trees 74 Diamondback Moth 110 Skeletonizers 110 For general queries, contact [email protected] 01 GI pp001-039.indd 5 19/07/2017 21:16 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CONTENTS Bagworms and Casebearers 114 Tortoise Beetles 180 Bagworm 114 Golden Tortoise Beetle 180 Other Bagworms 116 Other Common Tortoise Beetles 181 Casebearers 118 Case-bearing Leaf Beetles 182 Caterpillars that Produce Cases of Leaf Leaf Beetles that Skeletonize Leaves 184 Fragments 120 Leaf Beetles of Aquatic Plants 188 Caterpillars that Produce Small Silken Flea Beetles 190 Shelters 122 Flea Beetles with Larvae that Develop on Sod Webworms 122 Foliage 190 “Garden Webworms” 126 Crucifer Flea Beetle 192 Fruittree Leafroller 128 Other Flea Beetles with Larvae that Feed on Other Leafrollers, Leaffolders, and Leaftiers 128 Roots 192 Skippers 138 Leaf-feeding Weevils 196 Caterpillars that Produce Large Silken Japanese Beetle 202 Shelters and Tents 142 Other Leaf-feeding Scarabs 202 Mimosa Webworm 142 Mexican Bean Beetle 204 Other Webworms 142 Other Leaf-feeding Lady Beetles 204 Fall Webworm 146 Eastern Tent Caterpillar 148 Blister Beetles 206 Other Tent Caterpillars 148 Slugs and Snails 208 Other Tent-making Caterpillars 150 Gray Garden Slug 208 Webspinning Sawflies 152 Other Garden Slugs 208 Sawflies 154 Brown Garden Snail 212 Other Garden Snails 212 European Pine Sawfly 154 Other Conifer Sawflies 154 Leafminers and Needleminers 214 Imported Currantworm/Currant Sawfly 158 Vegetable Leafminer 214 Other Common Sawflies 158 Related Species 214 Other Sawflies that Chew on Leaves 164 Other Serpentine-type Leafmining Flies Pearslug (Pear Sawfly, Cherry Slug) 166 and Caterpillars 216 Other Slug Sawflies 166 European Elm Flea Weevil 216 Texas Leafcutting Ant 168 Other Leafmining Weevils 218 Leafcutter Bees 168 Locust Leafminer 218 Other Blotch Leafmining Beetles 220 Leaf Beetles 170 Holly Leafminers 220 Colorado Potato Beetle 170 Spinach Leafminer 222 Asparagus Beetle 172 Other Leafmining Flies 222 Related Species 172 Striped Cucumber Beetle 174 Birch Leafminer 226 Related Species 174 Other Leafmining Sawflies 226 Other Leaf Beetle Defoliators 176 Lilac Leafminer 228 Other Lepidopteran Leafminers 228 6 For general queries, contact [email protected] 01 GI pp001-039.indd 6 19/07/2017 21:16 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CONTENTS Tentiform Leafminers 230 Other Gall-making Wasps that Develop on Needleminers 232 Leaves 236 Gall Wasps that Develop on Leaves 234 Gall-making Flies that Develop on Leaves 236 CHAPTER Three Insects and Mites That Suck Fluids from Leaves and Needles 240 Whiteflies 242 Miscellaneous Leafhoppers that Feed on Greenhouse Whitefly 242 Phloem 288 Other Whiteflies 242 Leaffooted Bugs Associated with Foliage 292 Aphids 248 Squash Bug 292 Green Peach Aphid 250 Related Species 292 Cotton/Melon Aphid 254 Plant Bugs 294 Cabbage Aphid 254 Fourlined Plant Bug 294 “Woolly Aphids” 258 Garden Fleahopper 294 Mealybugs Associated Primarily with Other Leaf-feeding Plant Bugs 296 Foliage 260 Hairy Chinch Bug 298 Citrus Mealybug 260 Related and Similar Species 298 Longtailed Mealybug 260 Stink Bugs that Feed Primarily on Leaves 300 Other Mealybugs Observed on Foliage 262 Lace Bugs 302 Cochineal Scales 264 Thrips 304 Soft Scales Associated Primarily with Onion Thrips 304 Foliage 266 Other Thrips Associated with Foliage 304 Brown Soft Scale 266 Spider Mites 310 Other Soft Scales Observed on Foliage 266 Twospotted Spider Mite 310 Armored Scales Observed Primarily on Related Species 312 Foliage 270 European Red Mite 312 Pine Needle Scale 270 Spruce Spider Mite 312 Other Armored Scales Observed on Related Species 314 Foliage 270 Clover Mite 316 Psyllids 276 Related Species 316 Potato/Tomato Psyllid 276 Other Turfgrass Mites 316 Pear Psylla 278 Tarsonemid Mites 318 Other Psyllids 278 Cyclamen Mite 318 Leafhoppers 282 Related Species 318 Potato Leafhopper 282 False Spider Mites 318 Related Species 284 Rust Mites 320 Rose Leafhopper 284 Gall-making Aphids 322 Other Mesophyll-feeding Leafhoppers 286 Grape Phylloxera 324 Aster (or Sixspotted) Leafhopper 288 7 For general queries, contact [email protected] 01 GI pp001-039.indd 7 19/07/2017 21:16 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CONTENTS Other Phylloxeran Leaf Gall Producers 324 Other Psyllids that Distort or Produce Galls Hackberry Nipplegall Maker 326 on Foliage 328 Other Gall-making Psyllids on Hackberry 326 Eriophyid Mites that Produce Leaf or Bud Galls 328 CHAPTER Four Insects Associated with Stems, Twigs, Shoots, and Canes 334 European Pine Shoot Moth 334 Woolly Apple Aphid 368 Other Moths that Develop in Shoots and Other Woolly Aphids on Twigs, Branches, Terminal Growth of Conifers 334 and Trunks 368 White Pine Weevil 338 Adelgids that Develop on Twigs and Other Beetles that Develop in Shoots and Terminals of Conifers 370 Terminal Growth of Conifers 338 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid 370 Flies that Develop in Shoots and Twigs of Other Adelgids Associated with Twigs and Conifers 342 Terminals of Conifers 370 Moths that Develop in Shoots, Twigs, and Mealybugs Associated Primarily with Canes of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs 342 Stems and Twigs 372 Rose Shoot Sawfly and Raspberry Horntail 346 Eriococcid Scales Commonly Observed on Other Sawfly Shoot and Stem Borers 346 Twigs 374 European Elm Scale 374 Rednecked Cane Borer 348 Other Eriococcid Scales 376 Related Species 348 Soft Scales Observed Primarily on Twigs 378 Other Beetles Associated with Twigs and European Fruit Lecanium 378 Small Branches 350 Other Lecanium-type Soft Scales 378 Flies that Develop in Shoots, Twigs, and Striped Pine Scale 380 Canes of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs 356 Related and Similar Species 382 Squash Vine Borer 356 Cottony Maple Scale 382 European Corn Borer 358 Other Soft Scales Associated Primarily with Other Stem-boring Moths of Herbaceous Twigs 384 Plants 358 Margarodid Scales Associated Primarily Sawflies that Develop in Stems of with Twigs 386 Herbaceous Plants 360 Cottony Cushion Scale 386 Beetles that Develop in Stems of Other Margarodid Scales 386 Herbaceous Plants 362 Armored Scales that Develop Primarily on Flies that Develop in Stems of Herbaceous Small Branches and Twigs 388 Plants 364 Oystershell Scale 388 Other Armored Scales Associated with Pith-nesting Bees and Wasps 364 Twigs and Branches 390 Aphids that Develop on Stems, Twigs, Kermes, Pit, and Falsepit Scales 394 Shoots, and Canes 366 8 For general queries, contact [email protected] 01 GI pp001-039.indd 8 19/07/2017 21:16 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CONTENTS Spittlebugs 396 Gall Wasps Associated with Twigs and Planthoppers 400 Small Branches 410 Oak Rough Bulletgall Wasp 412 Treehoppers 402 Related Species 412 Buffalo Treehopper 402 Horned Oak Gall Wasp 414 Other Treehoppers 402 Related Species 414 Cicadas 406 Rose Gall Wasps 416 Periodical Cicadas 406 Other Gall Wasps 416 Other Cicadas 408 Flies and Caterpillars that Produce Galls in Twig Wounding Produced by Egg Laying Stems and Twigs 418 and Oviposition Injuries 410 Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid 422 Other Gall-making
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