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Home Grounds and Animals PUBLICATION 456-018 Home Grounds and Animals PUBLICATION 456-018 2020 PEST MANAGEMENT GUIDE Published by: Virginia Cooperative Extension Content Coordinators: Joyce G. Latimer and David Close, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Produced by Virginia Cooperative Extension Publications, Virginia Tech, 2020 www.ext.vt.edu ENTO-336P Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, veteran status, or any other basis protected by law. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Edwin J. Jones, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; M. Ray McKinnie, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State University, Petersburg. Keys to the Proper Use of Pesticides 1. Read the label on each pesticide container before each use. Follow the printed instructions to the letter; heed all cautions and warnings; note precautions about residues. 2. Store pesticides in the containers in which you bought them. Put them where children and animals cannot get to them - pref- erably locked-up and away from food, feed, seed, and other materials that may become harmful if contaminated. 3. Dispose of empty pesticide containers properly. See your physician if symptoms of illness occur during or after the use of pesticides. Disclaimer Commercial products are named in this publication for informational purposes only. Virginia Cooperative Extension does not endorse these products and does not intend discrimination against other products which also may be suitable. NOTICE: Because pesticide labels can change rapidly, you should read the label directions carefully before buying and using any pesticides. Regardless of the information provided here, you should always follow the latest product label when using any pesticide. If you have any doubt, please contact your local Extension agent, VDACS pesticide investigator, or pesticide dealer for the latest information on pesticide label changes. See Chapter 1 - Regulations and Basic Information for pesticide handling information. Home Grounds & Animals - 2018 - Chapter Section Table of Contents 1 Regulations and Basic Information Diseases of Landscape Trees ................................ 4-11 How to Use this Pest Management Guide for Home Insects of Trees, Shrubs, Annuals, and Perennials . 4-27 Grounds and Animals ........................................... 1-1 Organic Controls for Insects of Home Ornamentals . 4-65 Diagnosing Plant Problems ..................................... 1-5 How to Assemble a High-resolution, Dissecting Insects of Foliage and Houseplants ...................... 4-67 Microscope at Home ............................................ 1-7 Weed Management in Home Ornamental Beds ... 4-73 What about Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ..... 1-9 5 Lawn Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides for Lawn Diseases ........................................................ 5-1 Home Grounds and Animals .............................. 1-11 Protecting Honey Bees .......................................... 1-33 Lawn Insects .......................................................... 5-3 2 Home Vegetables Lawn Weeds .......................................................... 5-9 Introduction for Home Vegetable Insect Section..... 2-1 6 Nuisance Insects of the Home and Yard Organic Controls for Insects .................................. 2-2 Insects in Recreation Areas .................................... 6-1 Vegetable Insects ................................................... 2-5 Wood-Destroying Insects ....................................... 6-5 Vegetable Diseases ............................................... 2-23 Household Insects .................................................... 6-7 Weed Management in Home Vegetable Gardens .... 2-30 7 Pets 3 Home Fruit Dog and Cat External Parasites .............................. 7-1 Disease and Insects ................................................. 3-1 8 Other Animals: Vertebrates as Pests ....................... 8-1 Weed Management in Home Fruit Plantings ........ 3-25 4 Home Ornamentals 9 Author Contact List .................................................. 9-1 Control of Ornamental Diseases ............................. 4-1 10 Index ......................................................................... 10-1 Table of Contents 3 1 Regulations and Basic Information How to Use this Pest Management Guide for Home Grounds and Animals .................... 1-1 Help is as Close as the Local Extension Office .......................................................... 1-1 How this Guide is Designed........................................................................................ 1-1 Getting to the Right Place in the Guide ...................................................................... 1-1 How Important Is Your Pest Problem? ........................................................................ 1-2 How Do You Choose a Pest Control Option? ............................................................. 1-2 Avoiding Harmful Effects ............................................................................................ 1-2 Who Should Apply the Control? .................................................................................. 1-2 How to Choose a Pest Control Company ................................................................... 1-3 Diagnosing Plant Problems .............................................................................................. 1-5 How to Assemble a High-resolution, Dissecting Microscope at Home............................. 1-7 What about Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?............................................................ 1-9 Can You Take Advantage of Natural Controls? ........................................................... 1-9 What Are Applied Controls? ...................................................................................... 1-10 Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides for Home Grounds and Animals ...........................1-11 The Pesticide Label ...................................................................................................1-11 Environmental Considerations .................................................................................. 1-15 Preventing Human Exposure and Poisonings .......................................................... 1-16 Table 1.1 - Toxicity Categories ........................................................................... 1-17 Chemical Spill Kit ...................................................................................................... 1-21 Poison Information and Treatment Resources For Virginians .................................. 1-22 Applying the Correct Amount in the Right Place ....................................................... 1-23 Table 1.2 - Conversion Table ............................................................................... 1-24 Table 1.3 - Table of Weights, Measures, and Dilutions ....................................... 1-25 Pesticide Calibration Tables ...................................................................................... 1-26 Table 1.4 - Travel Speed Chart............................................................................ 1-26 Table 1.5 - Equivalent Quantities of Dry Materials (Wettable Powders) For Various Quantities of Water ..................................................................... 1-26 Table 1.6 - Equivalent Quantities of Liquid Materials (Emulsifiable Concentrates, etc.) for Various Quantities of Water ...................................... 1-26 Decontaminating Sprayers ....................................................................................... 1-27 Storage ..................................................................................................................... 1-27 Disposal .................................................................................................................... 1-27 Reference Tables ...................................................................................................... 1-28 HOME GROUNDS & ANIMALS 2020 4 Table of Contents Table 1.7 - Toxicity Data for Pesticides Used in Home Grounds and Animals .... 1-29 Virginia Pesticide Information Directory .................................................................... 1-30 Emergency Information............................................................................................. 1-30 General Information .................................................................................................. 1-31 Professional Associations ......................................................................................... 1-32 Protecting Honey Bees .................................................................................................. 1-33 A Note on Protecting Pollinators in Virginia .............................................................. 1-33 Causes of Honey Bee Poisoning ............................................................................. 1-34 Ways to Reduce Honey Bee Poisoning ................................................................... 1-34 Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees by Laboratory and Field Tests
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