Microspectrofluorimetry and Chemometrics for the Identification of Medieval Lake Pigments
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Kendal Kermes
K Kendal commonly known by that term in later medieval Europe: granum in Latin, grano in Italian, graine A woollen cloth.→ in French, grein in Flemish and German, and A kind of woollen cloth woven, or origi- grain in English. nally woven, in Kendal, a town in Westmorland Kermes-dyed textiles first appeared in the (now Cumbria); therefore called Kendal cloth, medieval British Isles in an urban context (prob- cloth kendalles; as an adjective it meant made of ably) in Anglo-Saxon Winchester and Anglo- Kendal cloth. The earliest references to the cloth Viking → York, but at this point kermes was date from legislation of 1390, and imply cloth of → → → confined to imported silk. Although wool the poorest→ quality (see →cloth: dimensions and textiles dyed with kermes are known from Roman weights). Gowns and hoods of Kendal are times, they do not reappear in northern Europe mentioned from c. 1443, from earlier Proceedings until the 11th century, becoming a major element in Chancery recorded→ in the reign of Elizabeth 1. in the medieval economy in the following centu- See also the naming of cloth. ries. Kermes has been discovered on ten samples Bibliography of woollen and silk textile from excavation in Kurath, H., Kuhn, S.M., Reidy, J. and Lewis, London at Swan Lane (13th century), Baynard’s R.E., ed., The Middle English Dictionary (Ann Castle (1325–50) and Custom House (1300–50). Arbor, MI: 1952–2001), s.v. Kendal. There is also a reference in the Customs Accounts of Hull, to cloth dyed with kermes coming into Elizabeth Coatsworth the port in the mid- to late 15th century. -
Garden Insects of North America: the Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CONTENTS Preface 13 Acknowledgments 15 CHAPTER one Introduction to Garden Insects and Their Relatives 16 Arthropod Growth and Metamorphosis 18 Body Parts Useful in Diagnosing Garden Insect Orders 20 Arthropods 30 Identification of Immature Stages of Common Types of Plant Injuries Caused Arthropods 21 by Insects 31 Excreted and Secreted Products Useful in Plant Pathogens Transmitted by Insects Diagnosing Garden Arthropods and Mites 39 and Slugs 28 CHAPTER Two Insects That Chew on Leaves and Needles 40 Grasshoppers 42 Giant Silkworms/Royal Moths 78 Field Crickets 46 Cecropia Moth 78 Other Crickets and Katydids 46 Other Giant Silkworms/Royal Moths 78 Common (Northern) Walkingstick 50 Slug Caterpillars/Flannel Moths and Other Related Species 50 Stinging Caterpillars 84 European Earwig 52 Tussock Moths 86 Other Earwigs 52 Whitemarked Tussock Moth 86 Related and Similar Species 86 Cockroaches 54 Gypsy Moth 90 Imported Cabbageworm 56 Other Sulfur and White Butterflies 56 Woollybears 92 Swallowtails 58 Climbing Cutworms and Armyworms 94 Parsleyworm/Black Swallowtail 58 Variegated Cutworm 94 Other Swallowtails 60 Fall Armyworm 94 Beet Armyworm 96 Brushfooted Butterflies 62 Other Climbing Cutworms and Armyworms 96 Painted Lady/Thistle Caterpillar 62 Other Brushfooted Butterflies 62 Loopers 102 Cabbage Looper 102 Hornworms and Sphinx Moths 68 Other Common Garden Loopers 102 Tomato Hornworm and Tobacco Hornworm 68 Cankerworms, Inchworms, and Other Common Hornworms 70 Spanworms 104 Fall Cankerworm 104 Prominent Moths/Notodontids 74 Other Cankerworms, Inchworms, and Walnut Caterpillar 74 Spanworms 106 Other Notodontids/Prominent Moths on Shade Trees 74 Diamondback Moth 110 Skeletonizers 110 For general queries, contact [email protected] 01 GI pp001-039.indd 5 19/07/2017 21:16 © Copyright, Princeton University Press. -
Use of Natural Colours in the Ice Cream Industry
USE OF NATURAL COLOURS IN THE ICE CREAM INDUSTRY Dr. Juan Mario Sanz Penella Dr. Emanuele Pedrazzini Dr. José García Reverter SECNA NATURAL INGREDIENTS GROUP Definition of ice cream Ice cream is a frozen dessert, a term that includes different types of product that are consumed frozen and that includes sorbets, frozen yogurts, non-dairy frozen desserts and, of course, ice cream. In order to simplify its classification, we can consider for practical purposes two different types of frozen desserts: ice cream and sorbets. Ice cream includes all products that have a neutral pH and contain dairy ingredients. While sorbet refers to products with an acidic pH, made with water and other ingredients such as fruit, but without the use of dairy. Additionally, when referring to ice cream, we are not referring to a single type of product, we are actually referring to a wide range of these. Ice cream is a food in which the three states of matter coexist, namely: water in liquid form and as ice crystals, sugars, fats and proteins in solid form and occluded air bubbles in gaseous form, Figure 1. Artisanal ice creams based on natural ingredients which give it its special texture. It should be noted that ice cream is a very complete food from a nutritional point of view since it incorporates in its formulation a wide range of ingredients (sugars, milk, fruits, egg products ...) essential for a balanced diet. Another aspect of great relevance in the manufacture of ice cream is the hedonic factor. Ice cream is consumed mainly for the pure pleasure of tasting it, the hedonic component being the main factor that triggers its consumption, considering its formulation and design a series of strategies to evoke a full range of sensations: gustatory, olfactory, visual and even, of the touch and the ear. -
Bacterial Associates of Orthezia Urticae, Matsucoccus Pini, And
Protoplasma https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01377-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bacterial associates of Orthezia urticae, Matsucoccus pini, and Steingelia gorodetskia - scale insects of archaeoccoid families Ortheziidae, Matsucoccidae, and Steingeliidae (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) Katarzyna Michalik1 & Teresa Szklarzewicz1 & Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk2 & Anna Michalik1 Received: 1 February 2019 /Accepted: 2 April 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The biological nature, ultrastructure, distribution, and mode of transmission between generations of the microorganisms associ- ated with three species (Orthezia urticae, Matsucoccus pini, Steingelia gorodetskia) of primitive families (archaeococcoids = Orthezioidea) of scale insects were investigated by means of microscopic and molecular methods. In all the specimens of Orthezia urticae and Matsucoccus pini examined, bacteria Wolbachia were identified. In some examined specimens of O. urticae,apartfromWolbachia,bacteriaSodalis were detected. In Steingelia gorodetskia, the bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas were found. In contrast to most plant sap-sucking hemipterans, the bacterial associates of O. urticae, M. pini, and S. gorodetskia are not harbored in specialized bacteriocytes, but are dispersed in the cells of different organs. Ultrastructural observations have shown that bacteria Wolbachia in O. urticae and M. pini, Sodalis in O. urticae, and Sphingomonas in S. gorodetskia are transovarially transmitted from mother to progeny. Keywords Symbiotic microorganisms . Sphingomonas . Sodalis-like -
Oral Presentations
ORAL PRESENTATIONS Listed in programme order Technical analysis of archaeological Andean painted textiles Rebecca Summerour1*, Jennifer Giaccai2, Keats Webb3, Chika Mori2, Nicole Little3 1National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (NMAI) 2Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution (FSG) 3Museum Conservation Institute, Smithsonian Institution (MCI) 1*[email protected] This project investigates materials and manufacturing techniques used to create twenty-one archaeological painted Andean textiles in the collection of the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (NMAI). The textiles are attributed to Peru but have minimal provenience. Research and consultations with Andean textile scholars helped identify the cultural attributions for most of the textiles as Chancay and Chimu Capac or Ancón. Characterization of the colorants in these textiles is revealing previously undocumented materials and artistic processes used by ancient Andean textile artists. The project is conducted as part of an Andrew W. Mellon Postgraduate Fellowship in Textile Conservation at the NMAI. The textiles in the study are plain-woven cotton fabrics with colorants applied to one side. The colorants, which include pinks, reds, oranges, browns, blues, and black, appear to be paints that were applied in a paste form, distinguishing them from immersion dyes. The paints are embedded in the fibers on one side of the fabrics and most appear matte, suggesting they contain minimal or no binder. Some of the brown colors, most prominent as outlines in the Chancay-style fragments, appear thick and shiny in some areas. It is possible that these lines are a resist material used to prevent colorants from bleeding into adjacent design elements. -
Coccidology. the Study of Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (E-Journal) Revista Corpoica – Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria (2008) 9(2), 55-61 RevIEW ARTICLE Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Takumasa Kondo1, Penny J. Gullan2, Douglas J. Williams3 Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) Coccidología. El estudio de insectos ABSTRACT escama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, Coccoidea) advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are RESUMEN Se presenta una breve introducción a la briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the ciencia de la coccidología y se discute una application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the sinopsis de la historia, avances y desafíos de discussion section. este campo de estudio. Se hace una breve revisión de los cambios de la coccidología Keywords: Scale, insects, coccidae, DNA, history. desde la publicación de Systema Naturae por Carolus Linnaeus hace 250 años. También se discuten la importancia económica, las INTRODUCTION Sternorrhyncha (Gullan & Martin, 2003). relaciones filogenéticas y la aplicación de These insects are usually less than 5 mm códigos de barras del ADN en la identificación occidology is the branch of in length. Their taxonomy is based mainly de insectos escama. C entomology that deals with the study of on the microscopic cuticular features of hemipterous insects of the superfamily Palabras clave: insectos, escama, coccidae, the adult female. -
Global Regulations of Food Colors Each Region Has Its Own Definitions of What Constitutes a Color Additive, with Related Use Requirements and Restrictions
Global Regulations of Food Colors Each region has its own definitions of what constitutes a color additive, with related use requirements and restrictions. Sue Ann McAvoy Sensient Colors LLC t is said, we eat with our eyes . Since antiq - food colors was soon recognized as a threat Iuity, humans have used the color of a to public health. Of concern was that some food to discern its quality. Color provides of the substances were known to be poi - a way to judge ripeness, perceive flavor and sonous and were often incorporated to hide assess quality of food. poor quality, add bulk to foods and to pass Ancient civilizations introduced color off imitation foods as real. into their foods. The ancient Egyptians col - On February 1, 1899, the executive com - ored their food yellow with saffron, and the mittee of the National Confectioners’ Asso - ancient Mayans used annatto to color their ciation published an official circular which Sue Ann McAvoy is food orange-red. Wealthy Romans ate bread was “to throw light upon the vexed question global regulatory scien - that had been whitened by adding alum to of what colors may be safely used in confec - tist for Sensient Food the flour. Color could be used to enhance tionery” as “there may at times be a doubt in Colors LLC. She has worked at Sensient the mind of the honest confectioner as to the physical appearance of the product. since 1979. However, if it made the food appear to be which colors, flavors, or ingredients he may of better quality than it was, that was con - safely use and which he may reject.” This list sidered a deceitful practice. -
Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs
INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, -
Natural Colour Book
THE COLOUR BOOK Sensient Food Colors Europe INDEX NATURAL COLOURS AND COLOURING FOODS INDEX 46 Lycopene 4 We Brighten Your World 47 Antho Blends – Pink Shade 6 Naturally Different 48 Red Cabbage 8 The Colour of Innovation 49 Beetroot – with reduced bluish tone 10 Natural Colours, Colouring Foods 50 Beetroot 11 Cardea™, Pure-S™ 51 Black Carrot 12 YELLOW 52 Grape 14 Colourful Impulses 53 Enocianin 15 Carthamus 54 Red Blends 16 Curcumin 56 VIOLET & BLUE 17 Riboflavin 59 Violet Blends 18 Lutein 61 Spirulina 19 Carrot 62 GREEN 20 Natural Carotene 65 Green Blends 22 Beta-Carotene 66 Copper-Chlorophyllin 24 Annatto 67 Copper-Chlorophyll 25 Yellow/ Orange Blends 68 Chlorophyll/-in 26 ORANGE 69 Spinach 29 Natural Carotene 70 BROWN 30 Paprika Extract 73 Burnt Sugar 32 Carrot 74 Apple 33 Apocarotenal 75 Caramel 34 Carminic Acid 76 BLACK & WHITE 35 Beta-Carotene 79 Vegetable Carbon 36 RED 80 Titanium Dioxide 39 Antho Blends – Strawberry Shade 81 Natural White 40 Aronia 41 Elderberry 83 Regulatory Information 42 Black Carrot 84 Disclaimer 43 Hibiscus 85 Contact Address 44 Carmine 3 INDEX NATURAL COLOURS AND COLOURING FOODS WE BRIGHTEN YOUR WORLD Sensient is as colourful as the world around us. Whatever you are looking for, across the whole spectrum of colour use, we can deliver colouring solutions to best meet your needs in your market. Operating in the global market place for over 100 years Sensient both promises and delivers proven international experience, expertise and capabilities in product development, supply chain management, manufacture, quality management and application excellence of innovative colours for food and beverages. -
Mannequin Moulage
Mannequin Moulage by Barry Robinson Page 7- 7.0 Mannequin Moulage First, a few general comments about mannequin moulage. This chapter is for mannequin's only. For moulage techniques that can be used on people see my Casualty Simulation Techniques Guide. Stay away from cheap Halloween prosthetics; these may contain plasticizers and dyes that can migrate into the mannequin's skin causing permanent discolouration. Unknown or off-brand makeup may contain dyes which will stain. Cheap makeup is usually not very cost effective either since the pigment level is very low (professional makeup often has a pigment level approaching 50%) Always test makeup on a small, hidden area on the mannequin to be sure that it will not stain the skin. Be aware that most mannequins are made from more than one type of plastic; what might not stain one type of plastic may stain another type. Soft plastics seem to be more susceptible to staining than hard plastics. Before beginning mannequin moulage make sure that any surface dirt, oil, or adhesive has been removed. For Laerdal and Life/form® mannequins, I have found that Goo Gone® gel cleaner does a good job. Before you clean a mannequin always read the directions that came with the mannequin. Check with the manufacturer before using any cleaner since some mannequins need a specific cleaner. Gaumard HAL mannequins, for example, should not be cleaned with Goo Gone® or similar cleaners. Some cleaners contain solvents which can soften, deform, or even dissolve a mannequin's skin. Sometimes mannequins, especially older ones, can develop a sticky or oily surface from plasticizers used in the manufacturing of plastics. -
May 29, 2012 Kermes Scale Kermes Scales Are Occasionally Found
Number 6 - May 29, 2012 Kermes Scale and some of the leaves die. Damage is noticed from the ground as scattered Kermes scales are occasionally found on branch tips appearing whitish and/or pin, white, bur, and other oaks in Illinois. brownish due to dead leaves and the leaf They are most common on or near the distortion revealing more leaf branch tips and appear gall-like, so they undersides. The scales feed at the base are commonly misidentified as galls. of petioles, on leaf veins, and at twig They also tend to feed in leaf axils, so crotches. The scale is rounded and about they are sometimes misidentified as one-eighth inch in diameter. Although buds. The taxonomy of kermes scale the scales are brownish, they frequently species is uncertain because early work appear blackish due to a coating of sooty relied heavily on color patterns, which mold. Sooty mold is a black fungus that we now know are variable. There are grows on the honeydew, the partially approximately 30 species of kermes that digested and concentrated plant sap occur in North America, but identification excreted by many scale insect species. is difficult. This goes beyond academic gymnastics, as different species produce Kermes scales have recently been seen crawlers at different times during the on bur oak in Illinois. These scales tend growing season. to be located on the twigs at or near leaf buds and at twig crotches near branch Control of scale insects relies on tips. They are rounded and up to one- insecticide application to the unprotected quarter inch in diameter. -
“NAJWA” Hijab Staining Using Tie-Dye Method Based on Natural Dyes
Atlantis Highlights in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, volume 1 Seminar Nasional Kimia - National Seminar on Chemistry (SNK 2019) Diversification of “NAJWA” Hijab Staining using Tie-Dye Method Based on Natural Dyes Samik Agus Budi Santoso Nita Kusumawati* Chemistry Departement Electrical Engineering Departement Chemistry Departement Universitas Negeri Surabaya Universitas Negeri Surabaya Universitas Negeri Surabaya Surabaya, Indonesia Surabaya, Indonesia Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Diversification of "Najwa" hijab staining has brand name "Najwa". In its development, this SMEs has been carried out using a tie-dye method based on natural dyes. sought to diversify its hijab products, one of which is by A number of natural dyes materials, which include turmeric, producing natural color hijab. However, due to the lack of cherry and mango leaves and brazilwood bark, have been knowledge and skills in natural staining, the color quality of optimized for use. To obtain a stable color quality, staining is "Najwa" hijab products is less stable and homogeneous and carried out preceded by the pre-treatment (washing and mordanting) and ending with fixation using alum, lime and has low fastness. In cases like this, it is important to iron (II) sulfate. The results of the staining show the standardize each stage in natural staining. appearance of reddish (blush) color on the combination of A number of Indonesian local commodities are reported cherry leaves-brazilwood bark, and brown (nutella) on the to have potential as natural dyes, not to mention the leaves brazilwood bark-turmeric. Meanwhile, the application of waste from plants such as cherry and mango.