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Aboriginal Agency, Institutionalisation and Survival
2q' t '9à ABORIGINAL AGENCY, INSTITUTIONALISATION AND PEGGY BROCK B. A. (Hons) Universit¡r of Adelaide Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History/Geography, University of Adelaide March f99f ll TAT}LE OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF TAE}LES AND MAPS iii SUMMARY iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vii ABBREVIATIONS ix C}IAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION I CFIAPTER TWO. TI{E HISTORICAL CONTEXT IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA 32 CHAPTER THREE. POONINDIE: HOME AWAY FROM COUNTRY 46 POONINDIE: AN trSTä,TILISHED COMMUNITY AND ITS DESTRUCTION 83 KOONIBBA: REFUGE FOR TI{E PEOPLE OF THE VI/EST COAST r22 CFIAPTER SIX. KOONIBBA: INSTITUTIONAL UPHtrAVAL AND ADJUSTMENT t70 C}IAPTER SEVEN. DISPERSAL OF KOONIBBA PEOPLE AND THE END OF TI{E MISSION ERA T98 CTIAPTER EIGHT. SURVTVAL WITHOUT INSTITUTIONALISATION236 C}IAPTER NINtr. NEPABUNNA: THtr MISSION FACTOR 268 CFIAPTER TEN. AE}ORIGINAL AGENCY, INSTITUTIONALISATION AND SURVTVAL 299 BIBLIOGRAPI{Y 320 ltt TABLES AND MAPS Table I L7 Table 2 128 Poonindie location map opposite 54 Poonindie land tenure map f 876 opposite 114 Poonindie land tenure map f 896 opposite r14 Koonibba location map opposite L27 Location of Adnyamathanha campsites in relation to pastoral station homesteads opposite 252 Map of North Flinders Ranges I93O opposite 269 lv SUMMARY The institutionalisation of Aborigines on missions and government stations has dominated Aboriginal-non-Aboriginal relations. Institutionalisation of Aborigines, under the guise of assimilation and protection policies, was only abandoned in.the lg7Os. It is therefore important to understand the implications of these policies for Aborigines and Australian society in general. I investigate the affect of institutionalisation on Aborigines, questioning the assumption tl.at they were passive victims forced onto missions and government stations and kept there as virtual prisoners. -
Did You Know? Some Quick Statistics…
Football, or soccer, is truly a World Game, with an unmatched ability to bring people from different backgrounds together. With attention turning to Brazil for the FIFA World Cup, which starts on 12 June 2014, there is no better time to discover the contributions Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have made to the World Game. Did you know? Harry Williams is the only male Aboriginal player to represent Australia at a World Cup. He joined the Socceroos in 1970 and later played in the 1974 World Cup in Germany.1 In 2008, Jade North became the first Aboriginal player to captain the Socceroos. He has a tattoo with his tribal name, “Biripi”, on his left arm and recently played in the 2014 A-league grand final.2 Lydia Williams and Kyah Simon are the first two Aboriginal women to play together in a World Cup. Lydia played in the 2007 and 2011 World Cups, and Kyah played in 2011.3 In 2011 Kyah became the first Aboriginal Australian to score a goal in a World Cup. Charlie Perkins was offered a contract to play soccer for Manchester United before becoming the first Aboriginal person to graduate from the University of Sydney. Travis Dodd was the first Aboriginal Australian to score a goal for the Socceroos.4 Some quick statistics… The Football Federation of Australia (FFA) estimates that there are 2,600 registered Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander soccer players.5 Harry Williams played 6 matches for Australia in the 1974 World Cup qualifying campaign.6 1 http://www.deadlyvibe.com.au/2007/11/harry-williams/ 2 The Aboriginal Soccer Tribe: A History of Aboriginal Involvement with the World Game, John Maynard, Magabala Books: Broome, 2011 3 http://noapologiesrequired.com/the-matildas/15-facts-about-the-matildas 4 http://www.footballaustralia.com.au/perthglory/players/Travis-Dodd/72 5 http://www.footballaustralia.com.au/site/_content/document/00000601-source.pdf 6 Tatz, C & Tatz, C. -
SEVEN WOMEN of the 1967 REFERENDUM Project For
SEVEN WOMEN OF THE 1967 REFERENDUM Project for Reconciliation Australia 2007 Dr Lenore Coltheart There are many stories worth repeating about the road to the Referendum that removed a handful of words from Australia’s Constitution in 1967. Here are the stories of seven women that tell how that road was made. INTRODUCING: SHIRLEY ANDREWS FAITH BANDLER MARY BENNETT ADA BROMHAM PEARL GIBBS OODGEROO NOONUCCAL JESSIE STREET Their stories reveal the prominence of Indigenous and non-Indigenous women around Australia in a campaign that started in kitchens and local community halls and stretched around the world. These are not stories of heroines - alongside each of those seven women were many other men and women just as closely involved. And all of those depended on hundreds of campaigners, who relied on thousands of supporters. In all, 80 000 people signed the petition that required Parliament to hold the Referendum. And on 27 May 1967, 5 183 113 Australians – 90.77% of the voters – made this the most successful Referendum in Australia’s history. These seven women would be the first to point out that it was not outstanding individuals, but everyday people working together that achieved this step to a more just Australia. Let them tell us how that happened – how they got involved, what they did, whether their hopes were realised – and why this is so important for us to know. 2 SHIRLEY ANDREWS 6 November 1915 - 15 September 2001 A dancer in the original Borovansky Ballet, a musician whose passion promoted an Australian folk music tradition, a campaigner for Aboriginal rights, and a biochemist - Shirley Andrews was a remarkable woman. -
My Mother Found Me in Alice Springs
THE FIRST ABORIGINAL DOCTOR Gordon Briscoe 19 April 2019 Born in Alice Springs in 1938 Gordon Briscoe was a talented soccer player and became the first Indigenous person to gain a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) from an Australian University in 1997. Gordon Briscoe in the 1960s. Doctor Briscoe’s journey is remarkable. Since the 1950s he has been a prominent Indigenous activist, leader, researcher, writer, teacher and public commentator. After a challenging institutional upbringing which saw him criss-cross the nation, initially struggling at school with limited support, he managed to gain the highest qualification an Australian University can offer. Along the way he was the first Indigenous person to stand for Federal Parliament in 1972 and worked with legendary eye surgeon Fred Hollows to establish the National Trachoma and Eye Health Program. Today he is one of the leading academics specialising in Indigenous history and his research has helped him to reclaim his traditional family and sense of cultural identity. Descended from the Marduntjara and Pitjantjatjara peoples of Central Australia Briscoe’s maternal grandmother, Kanaki, was born west of Kulkara. She travelled around the Mardu lands to forage and participate in ceremonies. Kanaki’s traditional husband was Wati Kunmanara, but she conceived Briscoe’s mother Eileen with a white man named Billy Briscoe. Briscoe lived at “The Bungalow” in Alice Springs until he was four. After the bombing of Darwin in February 1942, the residents of the Aboriginal institutions were evacuated from the Northern Territory. Briscoe and his mother were initially evacuated to Mulgoa in the Blue Mountains of NSW, but after the birth of his brother they were sent to the South Australian town of Balaklava for the remainder of the war. -
Health and Physical Education
Resource Guide Health and Physical Education The information and resources contained in this guide provide a platform for teachers and educators to consider how to effectively embed important ideas around reconciliation, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories, cultures and contributions, within the specific subject/learning area of Health and Physical Education. Please note that this guide is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive, and that users are encouraged to consult with their local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community, and critically evaluate resources, in engaging with the material contained in the guide. Page 2: Background and Introduction to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Physical Education Page 3: Timeline of Key Dates in the more Contemporary History of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Physical Education Page 5: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Physical Education Organisations, Programs and Campaigns Page 6: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Sportspeople Page 8: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Physical Education Events/Celebrations Page 12: Other Online Guides/Reference Materials Page 14: Reflective Questions for Health and Physical Education Staff and Students Please be aware this guide may contain references to names and works of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people that are now deceased. External links may also include names and images of those who are now deceased. Page | 1 Background and Introduction to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Physical Education “[Health and] healing goes beyond treating…disease. It is about working towards reclaiming a sense of balance and harmony in the physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual works of our people, and practicing our profession in a manner that upholds these multiple dimension of Indigenous health” –Professor Helen Milroy, Aboriginal Child Psychiatrist and Australia’s first Aboriginal medical Doctor. -
MS 4013 Records of the Aboriginal Embassy, Mugga Way, Red Hill
AIATSIS Library Catalogue Manuscript Finding Aid Index Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Library MS 4013 Records of the Aboriginal Embassy, Mugga Way, Red Hill, Canberra 1973-1977 CONTENTS COLLECTION SUMMARY………………………..……………………….……....page 3 CULTURAL SENSITIVITY STATEMENT……………….…………………….....page 3 ACCESS TO COLLECTION…………………………….…………………………page 4 COLLECTION OVERVIEW…………………………………….….…………….....page 4 NOTE ON ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY………………………………………...page 6 SERIES DESCRIPTION……………………………………….…………………...page 8 Series 1 Embassy Records p.8 Sub-series 1/1 Proclamations and circulars p.8 Sub-series 1/2 Embassy correspondence & other papers p.8 Sub-series 1/3 Embassy files p.13 Sub-series 1/4 Ephemera p.24 Sub-series 1/5 Press cuttings p.26 Sub-series 1/6 Tea set p.26 Series 2 National Aboriginal Consultative Committee, 1973-1974 p.26 Series 3 National Aboriginal Congress, 1975 p.28 MS 4013, Records of the Aboriginal Embassy, Mugga Way, Red Hill, Canberra Series 4 Commonwealth Parliament, Records of Committees of Inquiry p.28 Sub-series 4/1 House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs p.28 Sub-series 4/2 Senate Committees p.31 Series 5 Reports p.41 Series 6 Copies of journal articles p.44 Series 7 Legislation p.48 Series 8 Printed material: Maori; Canadian Indian; African, Israeli & others p.50 Series 9 Poster p.54 Appendix: discarded printed material Publications – Annual Reports p.55 Publications – Other Reports p.57 Publications – Submissions to Committees of Inquiry p.60 Publications – Other -
Use of Theses
THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. DISEASE, HEAL TH AND HEALING: aspects of indigenous health in Western Australia and Queensland, 1900-1940 Gordon Briscoe A thesis submitted to History Program, Research School of Social Sciences The Australian National University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 1996 This thesis is all my own work except where otherwise acknowledged Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my late mother, Eileen Briscoe, who gave me my Aboriginal identity, to my wife Norma who kept body and soul together while the thesis was created, developed and nurtured and, finally, to the late Professor Fred Hollows who gave me the inspiration to believe in my~lf and to accept that self-doubt was the road to scholarship. (i) Acknowledgments I have gathered many debts during the development, progress and completion of this thesis. To the supervisory committee of Dr Alan Gray, Dr Leonard R. Smith, Professor F.B. Smith and Professor Donald Denoon, who have all helped me in various ways to bring this task to its conclusion. To Emeritus Professor Ken Inglis who supported me in the topic I chose, and in reading some written work of mine in the planning stages, to Dr Ian Howie-Willis for his textual advice and encouragement and to our family doctor, Dr Tom Gavranic, for his interest in the thesis and for looking after my health. -
AN APPRECIATION of KEVIN JOHN GILBERT Gordon Briscoe
THE STRUGGLE FOR GRACE: AN APPRECIATION OF KEVIN JOHN GILBERT Gordon Briscoe Kevin John Gilbert died on 1 April 1993 from a debilitating respiratory illness. He was an acclaimed Australian writer and he takes his place at the heart of 'the Australian national tradition'. During his life, however, he was an enigma to Australians, Aborigines and other Australians alike1. The term 'the Australian national tradition' is a feature of Russel Ward's writing, by which I mean a nation's conception of itself, and I am using this because it is typical of the way many Aborigines lived: people of Aboriginal descent helped, too, to create that legend. This self-conception was important because it influenced the way people acted, whether collectively or by themselves. And as in nations which perceive certain patterns of behaviour as typical of themselves, so the Australian national character, or tradition, makes that character a real one. This character, like Ward's legend,2 found its shape most notably in the rural hinterlands of Australian pastoralism. It was in areas like this that many Aborigines, including Gilbert, were raised from childhood to adulthood. Before being released from prison in 1971, he managed to develop a public profile even though his art was difficult to comprehend. In part, only a handful of people understood the subjects on which he wrote. In part also, it was not easy to gain his confidence sufficiently to be able to understand the life of the man himself. Few people were able to do so. Nor did he reveal much. The world was able to sense, however, a self-admiration with which only a few other people concurred. -
Rachel Perkins
Keynote address / Rachel Perkins I thought I would talk today about a project called First Australians, which is a documentary project. We are still in the midst of it. When I talk to people about it, like taxi drivers, they ask “What do you do?” and I say I make films. They say, “What are you working on?” and I say, “I’m working on this documentary series called First Australians” and they go “Oh great, it is about the migrant community coming to Australia” and I say, “No, no! It is actually about the first Australians, Indigenous Australians. So, we are still grappling with the title and whether it is going to be too confusing for people to grasp. But the name First Australians sort of makes the point of it trying to claim the space as Australia’s first people. If anyone has any better suggestions, come up to me at the end of the session! First Australians. It is probably the most challenging project that I’ve worked on to date. It is the largest documentary series to be undertaken in Australia. It is being made by a group of Indigenous Australians under the umbrella of Blackfella Films, which is our company. It has a national perspective and it is really the history of colonisation, which is a big part of our story. It charts the period from the 1780s through to 1993. It began in 2002 when Nigel Milan, who was the then General Manager of SBS, approached me. They had shown a series on SBS called 500 Nations, which is a series on Native American people. -
A Personal Journey with Anangu History and Politics
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Flinders Academic Commons FJHP – Volume 27 ‐2011 A Personal Journey with Anangu History and Politics Bill Edwards Introduction Fifty years ago, in September 1961, I sat in the shade of a mulga tree near the Officer Creek, a usually dry watercourse which rises in the Musgrave Ranges in the far north- west of South Australia and peters out in the sandhill country to the south. I was observing work being done to supply infrastructure for a new settlement for Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal people. That settlement, which opened in the following month of October, is Fregon, an Aboriginal community which together with other Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara communities featured in newspaper and radio news reports in September 2011. These reports referred to overcrowding in houses, the lack of adequate furnishings, poverty and, in the case of Fregon, children starving. Later comments by people on the ground suggested that the reports of starvation were exaggerated.1 When I returned to my home at Ernabella Mission, 60 kilometres north-east of Fregon, in 1961, I recorded my observations and forwarded them to The Advertiser in Adelaide. They were published as a feature article on Saturday 23 September, 1961 under the heading ‘Cattle Station for “Old Australians”’.2 As I read and listened to the recent reports I was concerned at the limited understanding of the history and the effects of policy changes in the region. As a letter I wrote to The Advertiser, referring back to my earlier article, was not published, I expanded it into an article and sent it to Nicolas Rothwell, the Northern Territory correspondent for The Australian, seeking his advice as to where I might submit it. -
M Last Visitor Management Strategy 3-5-05
Visitor Management Strategy And Cultural Site Protection Strategy [Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands] Contributors: Writer: Traditional Owners and Family Members Mike Last from all communities across the APY-Lands 21 st December 04 to including the Indigenous Land Managed Areas 31 st August 05 [Apara, Kalka-Pipalyatjara, Walalkara, Sandy’s Bore & Watarru] APY Land Management Staff and Field Colleagues Contents Outline 3 Introduction 5 Early Strategies 7 Traditional Strategies 10 Self Determination and Self Management Strategies 12 Pitjantjatjara Land Rights Strategies 15 Enterprise Strategies 19 Staff Employment Strategies 23 Summary of Strategies 25 Review of Strategies 28 Key Cultural Sites 30 Recommendations 33 Maps 34 Acknowledgements 35 References 36 Appendix I 37 Appendix II 39 Appendix III 42 Appendix IV 48 Appendix V 52 2 Outline Visitor management and the provision of site protection are not new concepts for Pitjantjantjara and Yankunytjatjara people. Hence this article is an attempt to examine the strategies that have been developed and used on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Lands from traditional times until the present day. During this period it was found that as government policies and the social climate within Australia changed, more opportunities became available to improve strategies on the Lands. These improvements are only effective provided they are supported with sufficient resources including finance. Pitjantjantjara and Yankunytjatjara people (Anangu) are able to successfully manage visitors and protect cultural sites on their Lands providing they are fully supported by those who partner with them. The section on “Early Strategies” assesses those strategies developed after the establishment of western culture in Australia. “Traditional Strategies” briefly describes those used since Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara culture began. -
Putting Place Back Into Urban Aboriginal History
Chapter 5 ‘The evidence of our own past has been torn asunder’: Putting place back into urban Aboriginal history Peter Read Department of History, University of Sydney Abstract: It is easy to demonstrate the lack of signage about the history of Aboriginal Sydney, but it is not all due to racism and apathy. Ignorance and forgetfulness are relevant too. Here I argue not for more signage, but, while continuing further research, to bring the information that we already have online into two- or three-dimensional forms. Introduction Dr Gordon Briscoe is an Indigenous historian, born in Central Australia. In 1942 he was removed, with his mother, from Central Australia, taken first to Balaklava near Adelaide and, at four years of age, placed in a church home in Mulgoa, western Sydney. In 2009, more than 60 years later, he revisited the site where 40 similar Northern Territory Aboriginal children had been institutionalised. Of the structures relating to the children who lived within the grounds, nothing remains in place: not a building, foundation or plaque. St Matthew’s Church remains and functions, but the rectory where the staff had their quarters has been demolished, the dormitory has been relocated and the grass where it once stood has been re-sown. Walking the grounds was a sad experience, but of all the painful memories, perhaps Gordon Briscoe’s sharpest reflection was the absence of any marker to the children’s existence. He reflected (Briscoe 2013): When we talk about what Aboriginal people are sorry for, it’s the way they treated us and our past.