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The Documentary Cave of Forgotten Dreams: Activities in Teacher Training in Physics

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The Documentary Cave of Forgotten Dreams: Activities in Teacher Training in Physics The Documentary Cave of Forgotten Dreams: Activities in Teacher Training in Physics Aldo Aoyagui Gomes Pereira Professor at the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Sao Paulo – Piracicaba campus E-mail: [email protected] Maria José Pereira Monteiro de Almeida Professor of the Graduate Program in Education and Science and Mathematics Teaching at the University of Campinas E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: In this study, we engaged four Resumo: Neste trabalho desenvolvemos undergraduate students of a physics course um conjunto de atividades com quatro in a set of activities using the documentary licenciandos de um curso de física uti- Cave of forgotten dreams, produced and lizando o documentário A caverna dos directed in 2010 by Werner Herzog. In these sonhos esquecidos, do diretor alemão activities, we discussed how the carbon-14 Werner Herzog, produzido em 2010. Nes- dating of the cave paintings depicted in sas atividades, discutimos por que o uso the documentary has influenced the field of da datação por carbono 14 nas pinturas archaeology. In addition, we problematized rupestres retratadas no documentário cau- some aspects of the students’ interpreta- sou impacto na área arqueológica. Além tion of the images and narrative of the disso, problematizamos alguns elementos documentary. The information analyzed was da leitura de imagens e a narrativa desse collected through video recordings and the documentário. A coleta de informações written production of the undergraduates. se deu por meio de gravações em vídeo The analysis was based on the concepts and e da produção escrita dos licenciandos. A principles of Discourse Analysis as appear análise foi realizada a partir de princípios in texts of Eni Orlandi published in Brazil. e noções da Análise do Discurso, princi- We noted that, in the students’ view, the palmente através de textos de Eni Orlandi use of documentaries in the classroom is publicados no Brasil. Durante a realização associated with the idea of visualization, das atividades destacamos a intenção dos reinforcement, and illustration. During the licenciandos de realizar leitura crítica de activities, however, we observed their inten- imagens em movimento e da narrativa tion to interpret critically the images and contida no documentário utilizado. narrative in the documentary. Palavras-chave: documentário; formação de Keywords: documentary; teacher training; professores; datação por carbono; análise radiocarbon dating; discourse analysis; de discurso; caverna de Chauvet. Chauvet Cave. Received: 04/24/2017 Approved: 07/19/2017 49 comunicação & educação • Ano XXII • número 2 • jul/dez 2017 1. INTRODUCTION 1. REZENDE JUNIOR, It is current consensus that research aimed at introducing Modern Physics Mikael Frank; CRUZ, Fre- derico Firmo de Souza. (MP) topics to Secondary Education (SE) students should not be elaborated Física moderna e con- in the same way as Classical Physics (CP) is treated in this education level1,2,3. temporânea na formação de licenciandos em física: One aspect that we find important to discuss during classes is how MP has necessidades, conflitos e influenced and was itself influenced by other knowledge areas and disciplines, perspectivas. Ciência & Educação, Bauru, v. 15, n. like chemistry, biology, archaeology, arts, etc. 2, p. 305-321, 2009. Dis- Since MP is a current topic with applications that are present in our daily ponível em: <http://www. scielo.br/pdf/ciedu/v15n2/ lives, MP applications are often remembered in Science Documentaries (SD). a05v15n2.pdf>. Acesso Recent studies, however, finding that when these resources are utilizing in em: 24 abr. 2017. the classroom contexts they have the purpose of motivating, illustrating and 2. COSTA, Rodrigo Ronelli 4 D.; NASCIMENTO, Rob- reinforcing the apprehension of scientific topics . We consider that SD use in son; GERMANO, Marcelo the classroom should go beyond these goals to discuss, for example, how such Gomes. Salvador Dalí e a mecânica quântica. A scientific topics are transmitted. Additionally, researchers have identified the Física na Escola, v. 8, n. 2, potential of this kind of resource to discuss questions related to the nature p. 23-26, 2007. Disponível em: <http://www.sbfisica. of science and to further social and scientific debates in SE science classes5,6. org.br/fne/Vol8/Num2/ v08n02a06.pdf>. Acesso The relationship between science documentaries and its classroom use em: 24 abr. 2017. enables the creation of a space of discussion that can contribute to a more 3. LOBATO, Teresa; GRE- comprehensive analysis of the scientific process and the process of knowledge CA, Ileana Maria. Análise building7. da inserção de conteúdos de teoria quântica nos cur- In this study, we investigate the process of production of meaning of four rículos de física do ensino médio. Ciência & Educa- physics undergraduate students during learning activities using the documentary ção, Bauru, v. 11, n. 1, p. Cave of Forgotten Dreams8, produced and directed in 2010 by the German director 119-132, 2005. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/ Werner Herzog. The guiding question of our study was: how the learning activi- pdf/ciedu/v11n1/10.pdf>. ties performed using the documentary can contribute to develop and broaden Acesso em: 24 abr. 2017. the students’ perception about the introduction of physics topics in secondary 4. RAMOS, Mariana Brasil; SILVA, Henrique César. education. In this case, carbon-14 dating. Educação em ciência e Herzog’s documentary begins relating the discovery of a cave in southern em audiovisual: olhares para a formação de lei- France, in December 1994, by three speleologists: Jean-Marie Chauvet, Éliette tores de ciências. Cader- Brunel, and Christian Hillaire. Today the cave is known as Chauvet Cave, hon- nos CEDES, Campinas, v. 34, n. 92, p. 51-67, oring the first discoverer. Inside the cave, researchers found a series of wall jan./abr. 2014. Disponível paintings, approximately 400 in all. One aspect responsible for the importance em: <http://www.scielo. br/pdf/ccedes/v34n92/ of the discovery was the controversy over the paintings dating. a04v34n92.pdf>. Acesso em: 24 abr. 2017. [...] while the age estimate of its magnificent paintings, made by Jean Clottes 5. BARBOSA, Leila Cristina shortly after its discovery, based on the first stylistic data obtained, situated them Aoyama; BAZZO, Walter in the Solutrean (21,000 to 18,000 years before present), direct radiocarbon dat- Antônio. O uso de docu- ing of one of the most spectacular drawings – the rhinoceros combat – indicated mentários para o debate ciência-tecnologia-socie- results of 31,000 years before present. The difference was of the magnitude of dade (CTS) em sala de 10,000 years!9 aula. Revista Ensaio, Rio de Janeiro, v. 15, n. 3, p. The technique of carbon-14 dating caused a significant change in archaeol- 149-161, 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/ ogy fieldwork methods and, in the case of Chauvet Cave paintings, surprised pdf/epec/v15n3/1983-2117- epec-15-03-00149.pdf>. archaeologists because of the 10,000 years discrepancy with the first dating Acesso em: 13 jun. 2017. using traditional archaeological methods. 50 The Documentary Cave of Forgotten Dreams • Aldo Aoyagui Gomes Pereira e Maria José Pereira Monteiro de Almeida One important point that motivated us to choose Herzog’s documentary is that it does not follow the classic SD scheme. Its narrative does not just aim to inspire the viewer to search for “scientific truth”, but also aims to leave the viewer in a state of constant reflection on the consequences of the discoveries made in the cave. As pointed out by Leão10, the interviews made do not high- light just the scientific content. The director’s choices make it clear that the scripting of each story goes beyond a mere technical explanation of the subject: there is a search for an intimate view of history and of the singularity of each topic, and how this trait can contribute to illuminating the whole of what is being researched. 6. REID, Grace. The televi- sion drama-documentary In fact, the narrative, the interviews, the dialogues, the framing of images, (dramadoc) as a form of the soundtrack, etc, evoke discussions and debates that surpass the explanations science communication. Public Understanding of the scientific concepts underlying the cave paintings discovery. Of course, we of Science, v. 21, n. 8, p. would not know much about the paintings without scientific procedures. Using 984-1001, 2012. imagination and creativity, however, we can learn a lot more beyond its age, as 7. GUERRA, Andreia; MO- RAIS, Angelita. História determined by carbon-14 dating technique. Herzog’s documentary can help bringing e a filosofia da ciência: to the classroom a critique of the classical method of scientific explanations that11 caminhos para a inserção de temas física moderna tends to reduce the knowable to the manipulable. Today, it’s necessary to strongly no estudo de energia na primeira série do Ensino insist on the usefulness of a knowledge that can serve reflection, contemplation, Médio. Revista Brasileira discussion, and apprehension by everyone, each one with her own knowledge, de Ensino de Física, São experience, and life. Paulo, v. 35, n. 1, p. 1502- 1511, 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ Besides reflecting upon the carbon-14 dating technique impact on the dat- rbef/v35n1/v35n1a18.pdf> ing of the paintings in question, we also discussed with the undergraduates how Acesso em: 24 abr. 2017. the relationships between science and art appeared in this audio-visual resource 8. Título original: Cave of for- gotten dreams. Diretor: Wer- by analyzing the elements present in the documentary’s imagery and narrative. ner Herzog. Roteiro: Werner Herzog. Intérprete: Werner Herzog. EUA: History Films, 2010. (90 min). Disponível em: <https://www.youtube.com/ 2. THEORETICAL APPROACH AND PRODUCTION watch?v=IzcregYsle4&t=14s>. CONDITIONS Acesso em: 4 jun. 2017. 9. CABRAL, João M. Pei- In this study, we based our theoretical and methodological approach on xoto.
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