DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution of Particle Composition in CLOUD Nucleation Experiments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution of Particle Composition in CLOUD Nucleation Experiments EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5587–5600, 2013 Atmospheric Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/5587/2013/ doi:10.5194/acp-13-5587-2013 Chemistry Chemistry © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access Evolution of particle composition in CLOUD nucleation Open Access experiments Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions H. Keskinen1, A. Virtanen1, J. Joutsensaari1, G. Tsagkogeorgas2, J. Duplissy3, S. Schobesberger3, M. Gysel4, F. Riccobono4, J. G. Slowik4, F. Bianchi4, T. Yli-Juuti3, K. Lehtipalo3, L. Rondo5, M. Breitenlechner6, A. Kupc7, 5 8 9,10 11 5 3 3 12 Open Access J. Almeida , A. Amorim , E. M. Dunne , A. J. Downard , S. Ehrhart , A. Franchin , M.K. Kajos , J. Kirkby , Open Access A. Kurten¨ 6, T. Nieminen3, V. Makhmutov13, S. Mathot12, P. Miettinen1, A. Onnela12, T. Petaj¨ a¨3, A. Praplan4, Climate F. D. Santos8, S. Schallhart3, M. Sipila¨3,14, Y. Stozhkov13, A. Tome´15, P. Vaattovaara1, D. WimmerClimate5, A. Prevot 4, J. Dommen4, N. M. Donahue16, R.C. Flagan11, E. Weingartner4, Y.Viisanen17, I. Riipinenof18, A.the Hansel Past6,19, J. Curtius5, of the Past M. Kulmala3, D. R. Worsnop1,3,20, U. Baltensperger4, H. Wex2, F. Stratmann2, and A. Laaksonen1,17 Discussions 1Dept. of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Open Access 2Dept. of Physics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leibniz, Germany Open Access 3Dept. of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Earth System Earth System 4Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Dynamics 5Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt,Dynamics Frankfurt, Germany Discussions 6Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria 7Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Open Access 8University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Geoscientific Geoscientific Open Access 9 School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Instrumentation Instrumentation 10Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland 11Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, California,Methods USA and Methods and 12Centre europeen´ pour la recherche nucleaire´ (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland Data Systems Data Systems 13 Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia Discussions Open Access 14Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Open Access 15 Geoscientific University of Beira Interior, Beira, Portugal Geoscientific 16Carnegie Mellon University, Center of Atmospheric Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, USA Model Development 17Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland Model Development Discussions 18University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden 19Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Innbruck, Austria Open Access 20 Open Access Aerodyne Research, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA Hydrology and Hydrology and Correspondence to: H. Keskinen (helmi.keskinen@uef.fi) Earth System Earth System Received: 22 November 2012 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 4 December 2012 Sciences Sciences Revised: 6 May 2013 – Accepted: 7 May 2013 – Published: 6 June 2013 Discussions Open Access Open Access Ocean Science Abstract. Sulphuric acid, ammonia, amines, and oxidised or- and ion composition. HygroscopicityOcean Science was studied by a hy- ganics play a crucial role in nanoparticle formation in the groscopic tandem differential mobility analyser and a cloud Discussions atmosphere. In this study, we investigate the composition condensation nuclei counter, ethanol affinity by an organic of nucleated nanoparticles formed from these compounds in differential mobility analyser and particle oxidation level Open Access the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol massOpen Access spectrom- experiments at CERN (Centre europeen´ pour la recherche eter. The ion composition was studied by an atmospheric Solid Earth nucleaire).´ The investigation was carried out via analysis of pressure interface time-of-flightSolid mass Earth spectrometer. The vol- the particle hygroscopicity, ethanol affinity, oxidation state, ume fraction of the organics in the particles during their Discussions Open Access Open Access Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. The Cryosphere The Cryosphere Discussions 5588 H. Keskinen et al.: Evolution of particle composition in CLOUD nucleation experiments growth from sizes of a few nanometers to tens of nanome- recherche nucleaire),´ simulate these aerosol formation pro- ters was derived from measured hygroscopicity assuming the cesses (Kirkby et al., 2011). There have been several recent Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relationship, and compared to studies concentrating on hygroscopic properties of SOA par- values gained from the spectrometers. The ZSR-relationship ticles, both in the laboratory and the field, to clarify their was also applied to obtain the measured ethanol affinities climatic effects (e.g. VanReken, et al., 2005; Juranyi´ et al., during the particle growth, which were used to derive the 2009; King et al., 2009; Wex et al., 2009; Massoli et al., volume fractions of sulphuric acid and the other inorganics 2010; Meyer et al., 2009; Duplissy et al., 2011). Recently, (e.g. ammonium salts). In the presence of sulphuric acid and Jimenez et al. (2009) and Massoli et al. (2010) summarised ammonia, particles with a mobility diameter of 150 nm were the effect of the oxidation state of SOA particles on their hy- chemically neutralised to ammonium sulphate. In the pres- groscopic properties. They found that higher oxidation levels ence of oxidation products of pinanediol, the organic volume led to higher hygroscopicity of the particles. fraction of freshly nucleated particles increased from 0.4 to As the chemical composition of the particles affects their ∼0.9, with an increase in diameter from 2 to 63 nm. Con- hygroscopic properties (Pruppacher and Klett, 1997), it is versely, the sulphuric acid volume fraction decreased from possible to infer information on their composition from hy- 0.6 to 0.1 when the particle diameter increased from 2 to groscopic growth measurements if the hygroscopic growth 50 nm. The results provide information on the composition factors of specific compounds are known (Raatikainen et of nucleated aerosol particles during their growth in the pres- al., 2010; Duplissy et al., 2011; Smith et al., 2012; Petaj¨ a¨ ence of various combinations of sulphuric acid, ammonia, et al., 2005). The composition of freshly nucleated atmo- dimethylamine and organic oxidation products. spheric particles in a eucalyptus forest has been studied by combining particle hygroscopic growth and volatility prop- erties (Ristovski et al., 2010). Also, ethanol affinity (i.e. the particles’ ability to uptake ethanol) can give complemen- 1 Introduction tary information on the particle composition in atmospheric studies, especially when the particles contain different com- Aerosol hygroscopicity, i.e. the ability of aerosol particles pounds with equal hygroscopic growth (Joutsensaari et al., to take up water, is important when estimating the effect of 2001; Vaattovaara et al., 2005). It is possible to gain infor- atmospheric aerosol particles on our climate. The aerosol di- mation on the nucleated nanoparticles’ size-dependent com- rect effect on climate (scattering of sunlight back to space) position during their growth via the direct and indirect ex- depends on the size of the atmospheric particles, which in perimental methods presented above. This can provide in- turn depends on the particle hygroscopicity and the surround- formation on the topical question of the organic contribu- ing relative humidity. Freshly nucleated nanoparticles in the tion to particle growth during nucleation (Pierce et al., 2011; atmosphere can grow into the size range where they are large Donahue et al., 2011; Riipinen et al., 2012). In this study enough to act as cloud condensation nuclei (Merikanto et we concentrate on studying the hygroscopicity of inorganic al., 2009), and therefore can become important for cloud and mixed inorganic/organic particles formed in the CERN processes. It is therefore important to include information CLOUD chamber. We use a hygroscopic tandem differen- on nucleated aerosol composition and hygroscopicity in cli- tial mobility analyser (H-TDMA) and a cloud condensation mate models to improve estimates of aerosol radiative forc- nuclei counter (CCNC). In addition, we combine the data ing. Nanoparticle formation via nucleation in the presence from an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass of atmospheric vapours and their subsequent condensational spectrometer (APi-TOF), H-TDMA, organic tandem differ- growth have been reported to produce atmospheric aerosol in ential analyser (O-TDMA) and an aerosol mass spectrometer a variety of environments (e.g. Kulmala et al., 2004; Hamed (AMS) to provide further information on the particle compo- et al., 2007). Numerous modelling studies suggest that these sition in the size
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CERN Courier–Digital Edition
    CERNMarch/April 2021 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WELCOME CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March/April 2021 issue of CERN Courier. Hadron colliders have contributed to a golden era of discovery in high-energy physics, hosting experiments that have enabled physicists to unearth the cornerstones of the Standard Model. This success story began 50 years ago with CERN’s Intersecting Storage Rings (featured on the cover of this issue) and culminated in the Large Hadron Collider (p38) – which has spawned thousands of papers in its first 10 years of operations alone (p47). It also bodes well for a potential future circular collider at CERN operating at a centre-of-mass energy of at least 100 TeV, a feasibility study for which is now in full swing. Even hadron colliders have their limits, however. To explore possible new physics at the highest energy scales, physicists are mounting a series of experiments to search for very weakly interacting “slim” particles that arise from extensions in the Standard Model (p25). Also celebrating a golden anniversary this year is the Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow (p33), while, elsewhere in this issue: quantum sensors HADRON COLLIDERS target gravitational waves (p10); X-rays go behind the scenes of supernova 50 years of discovery 1987A (p12); a high-performance computing collaboration forms to handle the big-physics data onslaught (p22); Steven Weinberg talks about his latest work (p51); and much more. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://comms.iop.org/k/iop/cerncourier To subscribe to the magazine, please visit: https://cerncourier.com/p/about-cern-courier EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY IOP PUBLISHING ATLAS spots rare Higgs decay Weinberg on effective field theory Hunting for WISPs CCMarApr21_Cover_v1.indd 1 12/02/2021 09:24 CERNCOURIER www.
    [Show full text]
  • Particle Physics
    If you would like to register to receive Fascination automatically ISSUE 11 please visit www.stfc.ac.uk/fascination News from the Cover image: A proton collision at the ATLAS experiment which produced a microscopic-black-hole. Credit: CERN Science and Technology particle Facilities Council Exploring & Understanding Science physics special CONTENTS Benefits of particle physics LHC leads the way on new technology Higgs - The story so far Higgs Boson dominated the news media for two days LHC on tour in the UK Using the very large to look for the extremely small How did the Universe begin? What are we made of? Why are all world class. It represents amazing value for the amount does matter behave the way it does? These are questions of added benefit we get from what is at heart a fundamental that particle physics can answer. Particle physics is an ideal science project. With the recent breakthrough discovery of a showcase for STFC’s work – a subject where the research, the Higgs-like particle, this edition is focussing on particle physics resultant innovation and the inspirational value of the science and why it matters to the UK. The benefits of particle physics to you and everyone you know nature of matter, the so called known unknowns, and in the process uncover new questions we have yet to answer. It’s a compellingly difficult search that pushes our understanding of matter beyond the limits of what was previously possible. But the search is expensive, times are tough and costs need to be justified, so the secondary benefits from the research are often just as important.
    [Show full text]
  • Atmospheric Nucleation and Growth in the CLOUD Experiment at CERN Jasper Kirkby and CLOUD Collaboration
    Atmospheric nucleation and growth in the CLOUD experiment at CERN Jasper Kirkby and CLOUD Collaboration Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1527, 278 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4803258 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803258 View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/1527?ver=pdfcov Published by the AIP Publishing Articles you may be interested in Multi-species nucleation rates in CLOUD AIP Conf. Proc. 1527, 326 (2013); 10.1063/1.4803269 Ternary H 2 SO 4 - H 2 O - NH 3 neutral and charged nucleation rates for a wide range of atmospheric conditions AIP Conf. Proc. 1527, 310 (2013); 10.1063/1.4803265 Observations and models of particle nucleation near cloud outflows AIP Conf. Proc. 534, 831 (2000); 10.1063/1.1361988 Application of nucleation theories to atmospheric aerosol formation AIP Conf. Proc. 534, 711 (2000); 10.1063/1.1361961 Laboratory studies of ice nucleation in sulfate particles: Implications for cirrus clouds AIP Conf. Proc. 534, 471 (2000); 10.1063/1.1361909 Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions IP: 131.215.225.131 On: Tue, 19 Apr 2016 20:27:43 Atmospheric Nucleation and Growth in the CLOUD Experiment at CERN Jasper Kirkbya and the CLOUD collaborationb aCERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland b Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California 91125, USA Carnegie Mellon University, Dep. of Chemical
    [Show full text]
  • Sub Atomic Particles and Phy 009 Sub Atomic Particles and Developments in Cern Developments in Cern
    1) Mahantesh L Chikkadesai 2) Ramakrishna R Pujari [email protected] [email protected] Mobile no: +919480780580 Mobile no: +917411812551 Phy 009 Sub atomic particles and Phy 009 Sub atomic particles and developments in cern developments in cern Electrical and Electronics Electrical and Electronics KLS’s Vishwanathrao deshpande rural KLS’s Vishwanathrao deshpande rural institute of technology institute of technology Haliyal, Uttar Kannada Haliyal, Uttar Kannada SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN CERN Abstract-This paper reviews past and present cosmic rays. Anderson discovered their existence; developments of sub atomic particles in CERN. It High-energy subato mic particles in the form gives the information of sub atomic particles and of cosmic rays continually rain down on the Earth’s deals with basic concepts of particle physics, atmosphere from outer space. classification and characteristics of them. Sub atomic More-unusual subatomic particles —such as particles also called elementary particle, any of various self-contained units of matter or energy that the positron, the antimatter counterpart of the are the fundamental constituents of all matter. All of electron—have been detected and characterized the known matter in the universe today is made up of in cosmic-ray interactions in the Earth’s elementary particles (quarks and leptons), held atmosphere. together by fundamental forces which are Quarks and electrons are some of the elementary represente d by the exchange of particles known as particles we study at CERN and in other gauge bosons. Standard model is the theory that laboratories. But physicists have found more of describes the role of these fundamental particles and these elementary particles in various experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Sulphuric Acid, Ammonia and Galactic Cosmic Rays in Atmospheric Aerosol Nucleation
    LETTER doi:10.1038/nature10343 Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation Jasper Kirkby1, Joachim Curtius2, Joa˜o Almeida2,3, Eimear Dunne4, Jonathan Duplissy1,5,6, Sebastian Ehrhart2, Alessandro Franchin5, Ste´phanie Gagne´5,6, Luisa Ickes2, Andreas Ku¨rten2, Agnieszka Kupc7, Axel Metzger8, Francesco Riccobono9, Linda Rondo2, Siegfried Schobesberger5, Georgios Tsagkogeorgas10, Daniela Wimmer2, Antonio Amorim3, Federico Bianchi9,11, Martin Breitenlechner8, Andre´ David1, Josef Dommen9, Andrew Downard12, Mikael Ehn5, Richard C. Flagan12, Stefan Haider1, Armin Hansel8, Daniel Hauser8, Werner Jud8, Heikki Junninen5, Fabian Kreissl2, Alexander Kvashin13, Ari Laaksonen14, Katrianne Lehtipalo5, Jorge Lima3, Edward R. Lovejoy15, Vladimir Makhmutov13, Serge Mathot1, Jyri Mikkila¨5, Pierre Minginette1, Sandra Mogo3, Tuomo Nieminen5, Antti Onnela1, Paulo Pereira3, Tuukka Peta¨ja¨5, Ralf Schnitzhofer8, John H. Seinfeld12, Mikko Sipila¨5,6, Yuri Stozhkov13, Frank Stratmann10, Antonio Tome´3, Joonas Vanhanen5, Yrjo Viisanen16, Aron Vrtala7, Paul E. Wagner7, Hansueli Walther9, Ernest Weingartner9, Heike Wex10, Paul M. Winkler7, Kenneth S. Carslaw4, Douglas R. Worsnop5,17, Urs Baltensperger9 & Markku Kulmala5 Atmospheric aerosols exert an important influence on climate1 in the atmosphere25,26. Because the primary source of ions in the global through their effects on stratiform cloud albedo and lifetime2 and troposphere is galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), their role in atmospheric the invigoration of convective storms3. Model calculations suggest nucleation is of considerable interest as a possible physical mechanism that almost half of the global cloud condensation nuclei in the for climate variability caused by the Sun27,28. atmospheric boundary layer may originate from the nucleation of Here we address three issues that currently limit our understanding of aerosols from trace condensable vapours4, although the sensitivity of atmospheric nucleation and its influence on climate7.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Acquisition System of the CLOUD Experiment at CERN
    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 70, 2021 3000213 Data Acquisition System of the CLOUD Experiment at CERN Stefan K. Weber , Giovanna Lehmann Miotto , João Almeida , Pascal Herve Blanc , António Dias , Giulio Malaguti , Hanna E. Manninen , Joschka Pfeifer , Sylvain Ravat , Antti Onnela , Serge Mathot , Jasper Kirkby , António Tomé , and António Amorim Abstract— The Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) particles and their impact on clouds [1]. This is carried out experiment at the European Organization for Nuclear under controlled atmospheric conditions, with precise control Research (CERN) is investigating the nucleation and growth of the chamber characteristics such as temperature, humidity, of aerosol particles under atmospheric conditions and their activation into cloud droplets. The experiment comprises an or light exposure. A detailed knowledge of various trace ultraclean 26 m3 chamber and its associated systems (the CLOUD gas concentrations, e.g., sulfuric or nitric acid from mass facility) together with a suite of around 50 advanced instruments spectrometers, is also required. Such controlled measurements attached to the chamber via sampling probes to analyze its are performed during campaigns, occurring once or twice a contents. The set of instruments changes for each experimental year with an approximate duration of three months, during campaign according to the scientific goals. The central function of the CLOUD DAQ (data acquisition) system is to combine the which data are collected 24 h/day and seven days per week. data from these autonomous and inhomogeneous instruments During these measurement periods, researchers from collab- into a single, integrated CLOUD experiment database. The DAQ orating institutes operate their instruments at the CLOUD system needs to be highly adaptable to allow a fast setup over chamber, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the a single installation week at the start of each campaign when processes involved.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019
    ANNUAL REPORT 2019 INTRO 01 A word from the DG 4 CONTEXT 02 Background 6 HIGHLIGHTS 03 2019 at CERN 10 ABOUT 04 The concept 12 RESULTS 05 Developing a ticket reservation system for the CERN Open Days 2019 20 Dynamical Exascale Entry Platform - Extreme Scale Technologies (DEEP-EST) 22 Oracle Management Cloud 24 Heterogeneous I/O for Scale 26 Oracle WebLogic on Kubernetes 28 EOS productisation 30 Kubernetes and Google Cloud 32 High-performance distributed caching technologies 34 Testbed for GPU-accelerated applications 36 Data analytics in the cloud 38 Data analytics for industrial controls and monitoring 40 Exploring accelerated machine learning for experiment data analytics 42 Evaluation of Power CPU architecture for deep learning 44 Fast detector simulation 46 NextGeneration Archiver for WinCC OA 48 Oracle cloud technologies for data analytics on industrial control systems 50 Quantum graph neural networks 52 Quantum machine learning for supersymmetry searches 54 Quantum optimisation for grid computing 56 Quantum support vector machines for Higgs boson classification 58 Possible projects in quantum computing 60 BioDynaMo 62 Future technologies for medical linacs (SmartLINAC) 64 CERN Living Lab 66 Humanitarian AI applications for satellite imagery 68 Smart platforms for science 70 KNOWLEDGE 06 Education, training and outreach 72 FUTURE 07 Next steps 76 01 INTRO A word from the DG Since its foundation in 2001, CERN openlab has been working to help accelerate the development of cutting-edge computing technologies. Such technologies play a vital role in particle physics, as well as in many other research fields, helping scientists to continue pushing back the frontiers of knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Link Between Cosmic Rays and Clouds with a Cloud
    EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN/SPSC 2000-021 SPSC/P317 April 24, 2000 PROPOSAL A STUDY OF THE LINK BETWEEN COSMIC RAYS AND CLOUDS WITH A CLOUD CHAMBER AT THE CERN PS B. Fastrup, E. Pedersen University of Aarhus, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus, Denmark E. Lillestol, E. Thorn University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, Bergen, Norway M. Bosteels, A. Gonidec, G. Harigel, J. Kirkby*, S. Mele, P. Minginette, B. Nicquevert, D. Schinzel, W. Seidl CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Grundsøe, N. Marsh, J. Polny, H. Svensmark Danish Space Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark Y. Viisanen Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland K. Kurvinen, R. Orava University of Helsinki, Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland K. H¨ameri, M. Kulmala, L. Laakso, J.M. M¨akel¨a, C.D. O’Dowd University of Helsinki, Lab. of Aerosol and Environmental Physics, Helsinki, Finland V. Afrosimov, A. Basalaev, M. Panov Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Dept. of Fusion Technology, St. Petersburg, Russia A. Laaksonen, J. Joutsensaari University of Kuopio, Department of Applied Physics, Kuopio, Finland V. Ermakov, V. Makhmutov, O. Maksumov, P. Pokrevsky, Y. Stozhkov, N. Svirzhevsky Lebedev Physical Institute, Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, Moscow, Russia K. Carslaw, Y. Yin University of Leeds, School of the Environment, Leeds, United Kingdom T. Trautmann University of Mainz, Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Mainz, Germany F. Arnold, K.-H. Wohlfrom Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), Atmospheric Physics Division, Heidelberg, Germany D. Hagen, J. Schmitt, P. Whitefield arXiv:physics/0104048v1 [physics.ao-ph] 16 Apr 2001 University of Missouri-Rolla, Cloud and Aerosol Sciences Laboratory, Rolla, USA K.
    [Show full text]
  • Výpocet Korekce K Urcen´I Pˇresné Polohy Dopˇredného Detektoru V
    Cesk´evysok´euˇcen´ıtechnick´evˇ Praze Fakulta jadern´aa fyzik´alnˇeinˇzen´yrsk´a Katedra fyziky Experiment´aln´ıjadern´aa ˇc´asticov´afyzika V´yzkumn´y´ukol na t´ema: V´ypoˇcet korekce k urˇcen´ıpˇresn´epolohy dopˇredn´eho detektoru v experimentu ATLAS Autor: Bc. David Ganˇcarˇc´ık Skolitel:ˇ Ing. Miroslav Myˇska, Ph.D. Praha, Srpen 2020 Skolitel:ˇ Ing. Miroslav Myˇska, Ph.D. Katedra fyziky Fakulta jadern´aa fyzik´alnˇeinˇzen´yrsk´a Bˇrehov´a78/7 Star´eMˇesto, 115 19 Czech Republic Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Department of Physics Experimental Nuclear and Particle Physics Research thesis on topic: Determination of correction for precise alignment of forward detector in the ATLAS experiment Autor: Bc. David Ganˇcarˇc´ık Supervisor: Ing. Miroslav Myˇska, Ph.D. Prague, August 2020 Supervisor: Ing. Miroslav Myˇska, Ph.D. Department of Physics Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Bˇrehov´a78/7 Star´eMˇesto, 115 19 Czech Republic Prohláöení Prohlaöuji, ûe jsem svou bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně a pouûil jsem pouze podklady (literaturu, projekty, SW atd.) uvedené v přiloûeném seznamu. Nemám vůbec ûádn˝ důvod proti pouûití této práce ve smyslu 60 Zákona č. 121/2000 § Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorsk˝maozměně někter˝ch zákonů (autorsk˝ zákon). V Praze dne .................... ........................................ David Gančarčík Podˇekov´an´ı T´ımto bych chtˇel ze srdce podˇekovat sv´emu ˇskoliteli Ing. Miroslavu Myˇskovi Ph.D. za vˇedomosti, kter´emi pˇredal a za ˇcas, kter´ystr´avil pˇri pomoci s psan´ım t´eto pr´ace. D´ale pak za vˇsechnu rady, kter´emi udˇelil jak uˇzspojen´es touto prac´ıtak i vˇseobecnˇe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Frontier of Modern Calorimetry: Hardware
    THE FRONTIER OF MODERN CALORIMETRY: HARDWARE ADVANCES AND APPLICATION IN PARTICLE PHYSICS ANALYSIS TATIANA MEDVEDEVA ADISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY RECOMMENDED FOR ACCEPTANCE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS ADVISER: CHRISTOPHER G. TULLY SEPTEMBER 2014 c Copyright by Tatiana Medvedeva, 2014. All Rights Reserved Abstract While the last missingcomponents of the SM puzzle seem to be successfully found, particle physicists remain hungry for what might be there, beyond the cosy boundaries of the well studies elementary particle world. However, the sophisticated technique of data analysis and acute Monte Carlo simulations remain fruitless. It appears that the successful intrusion into the realm, in which we were not welcome so far, may require a very different implica- tion of effort. All those results might suggest, though banal, that we need an improvement on the hardware side. Indeed, the hadronic calorimeter of CMS is no competitor to its other state-of-art components. This obstacle in many cases significantly complicates the flow of the physics analysis. Besides, the era of high luminosity LHC operation in the offing is calling for the same. After exploration of the analysis debri with 8TeV collision data, we investigate various approaches for better calorimetry for the CMS detector. iii Acknowledgements This work would have been unthinkable without many people who supported and guided me over the years. First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my advisor, Christopher Tully, for numerous things I’ve learned from him as well as for his attentive guidance through- out many years of my work in Princeton High Energy Experiment team.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 in Pictures
    2016 IN PICTURES From the achievements of the Large Hadron Collider to the growth of the CERN family, hundreds of new physics results and visits from numerous VIPs, here we take a look back at the year’s highlights in pictures. 20 JANUARY The President of Lithuania, Dalia Grybauskaitė, visits CERN and learns about 15 FEBRUARY the experiments being carried out in S’Cool LAB, Fabiola Gianotti, CERN a laboratory for high-school Director-General, opens students. “Physics for Health in Europe”, a major medical conference co-organised by CERN. This interdisciplinary conference brings together physicists, engineers, doctors and IT specialists to look for innovative solutions in the fields of medical imaging and cancer treatment. 23 JANUARY Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (centre), Prime Minister of Pakistan, admires the CMS experiment, guided by Tiziano Camporesi (right), the experiment’s spokesperson. Pakistan became an Associate Member State of CERN in 24 MARCH 2015. Johann Schneider-Ammann, President of the Swiss Confederation, signs CERN’s guestbook in the presence of the Director- General. 6 | CERN 25 MAY The CLOUD experiment 25 MARCH publishes new results on the formation and growth Particles begin circulating of aerosol particles in the again in the LHC, marking atmosphere, which go on the start of its 2016 run. to form clouds. The results After a few weeks, the suggest that the climate was intensity of the beams cloudier in the pre-industrial is increased and the age than previously thought experiments start to take (see p. 17). data (see p. 21). 26 JUNE The LHC exceeds its nominal luminosity for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Bachelor Thesis
    CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Department of Physics Bachelor thesis HEAVY QUARK PRODUCTION ON ATLAS AT LHC Mark´etaSedl´aˇckov´a Supervisor: Prom. fyz. V´aclav Vrba, CSc. Prague, 2012 Prohl´aˇsen´ı: Prohlaˇsuji,ˇzejsem svou bakal´aˇrskou pr´acivypracoval samostatnˇea pouˇziljsem pouze podklady ( literaturu, software, atd. ) uveden´ev pˇriloˇzen´emseznamu. Nem´amz´avaˇzn´yd˚uvod proti uˇzit´ıtohoto ˇskoln´ıho d´ılave smyslu 60 Z´akona .121/2000 Sb., o pr´avuautorsk´em,o pr´avech souvisej´ıc´ıch s pr´avem autorsk´ym a o zmˇenˇenˇekter´ych z´akon˚u( autorsk´yz´akon ). V Praze dne Title: Heavy quark production on ATLAS at LHC Author: Mark´etaSedl´aˇckov´a Specialization: Experimental nuclear physics Sort of project: Bachelor thesis Supervisor: Prom. fyz. V´aclav Vrba, CSc. Consultant: Ing. Michal Marˇciˇsovsk´y ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Abstract: The first chapter of this thesis serves as an introduction to the particle physics and Standard Model. A deeper explanation of physics of b quarks, their production mechanisms and J= decay channels is given. In the second chapter CERN and the ATLAS experiment are described. The construction of the detector, TDAQ and the ATLAS software framework, ATHENA, are also discussed in detail. The data analysis in third chapter revolves around J= , bound state of cc¯ quarks, which is easily identifiable in the detector in its dimuon decay channel. It is used for detector performance evaluation as well as for physics measurements. B hadrons decaying into J= s can be easily identified and partially reconstructed. Their angular correlations are studied in this thesis.
    [Show full text]