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Catching the Plasma Wakefield I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WELCOME V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 9 N OVEMBER 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the November 2013 issue of CERN Courier. For more than 30 years, plasma-based particle accelerators driven by Catching the either lasers or particle beams have promised a fast route to high energies – primarily because of the extremely large accelerating electric fields they plasma wakefi eld can support, which are about a thousand times greater than in conventional accelerators. This issue looks at progress in the field, including the start of AWAKE – a new project at CERN to study proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration – and the latest from the ICAN consortium, which is investigating a possible new fibre-based laser driver operating at high pulse-rate. At CERN, the current long shutdown allowed a great opportunity to visit the LHC and its experiments – and much more – during Open Days at the end of September, while the CLOUD experiment has made the first ever measurements of formation rates of atmospheric aerosol particles. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, the e-mail new-issue alert, please visit: http://cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. CERN FERMILAB AEROSOL More than 70,000 Neutrinos head visitors come to off again to FORMATION EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN 2013 Open Days Minnesota Important results DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p27 p5 from CLOUD p6 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 9 N OMBERV E 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier Month 2013 Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (PTEP) is an online-only Contents fully open access journal. Formerly entitled Progress of Theoretical Physics, it has published many signifi cant articles in theoretical physics, including several papers Covering current developments in high-energy that have led to the Nobel Prize. In 2012, the journal expanded its physics and related fi elds worldwide scope to incorporate experimental physics on an equal footing with CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories theoretical physics. affi liated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for CERNCOURIER January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. Visit www.ipap.jp/highlights/ptp.html to view some Editor Christine Sutton V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 9 N OVEMBER 2 0 1 3 highly cited articles. News editor Kate Kahle CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail [email protected] Fax +41 (0) 22 785 0247 5 N EWS Why PTEP should be the fi rst choice Web cerncourier.com • Neutrinos head off again to Minnesota • Breaking news: The for your next paper: Advisory board Luis Álvarez-Gaumé, James Gillies, Horst Wenninger 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics • CLOUD shines new light on aerosol Choose Laboratory correspondents: formation in atmosphere LHCb plans for cool pixel detector Argonne National Laboratory (US) Cosmas Zachos • • Brookhaven National Laboratory (US) P Yamin Genetic multiplexing: how to read more with less electronics • Open Access ensures that work published in PTEP is accessible Cornell University (US) D G Cassel • DESY Laboratory (Germany) Till Mundzeck LBNE gains new partners from Brazil, Italy and UK to the widest possible audience immediately on publication and EMFCSC (Italy) Anna Cavallini PTEP for can start receiving citations without delay Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy) Guido Piragino Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Katie Yurkewicz 9 S CIENCEWATCH Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany) Markus Buescher GSI Darmstadt (Germany) I Peter • The increased Impact Factor of 2.479* is a refl ection of the IHEP, Beijing (China) Tongzhou Xu 11 A STROWATCH quality and high visibility of the work published in PTEP IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia) Yu Ryabov your next INFN (Italy) Romeo Bassoli Jefferson Laboratory (US) Steven Corneliussen 12 A RCHIVE JINR Dubna (Russia) B Starchenko • Simple, fast and effi cient online submission and peer KEK National Laboratory (Japan) Nobukazu Toge Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US) Spencer Klein EATURES review systems Los Alamos National Laboratory (US) Rajan Gupta F paper NCSL (US) Ken Kingery 13 To the terascale: catching the plasma wakefi eld Nikhef (Netherlands) Robert Fleischer Novosibirsk Institute (Russia) S Eidelman A look at a design study of 1983 and subsequent progress. • Extensive fi nancial support for authors** Orsay Laboratory (France) Anne-Marie Lutz PSI Laboratory (Switzerland) P-R Kettle Saclay Laboratory (France) Elisabeth Locci 17 AWAKE: to high energies in a single leap • The world-class Editorial Team ensure PTEPs high standards Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) Julia Maddock SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US) Farnaz Khadem A project to test proton-driven plasma wakefi eld acceleration. are maintained. TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada) Marcello Pavan Produced for CERN by IOP Publishing Ltd 21 Can fi bre be the future of high-energy physics? **We are a SCOPE3 partner journal and have reached an agreement IOP Publishing Ltd, Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK A new laser system that could drive plasma acceleration. with institutions including KEK, Riken Nishina Center, RCNP, YITP, Tel +44 (0)117 929 7481 ICRR, and IPMU to provide fi nancial support for authors. Publisher Susan Curtis 25 ICRC 2013: from Earth to the galaxy and beyond Production editor Lisa Gibson *2012 Journal Citation Reports® (Thomson Reuters, 2013) Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Reporting on this year’s major astroparticle physics conference. Group advertising manager Chris Thomas Advertisement production Katie Graham Marketing & Circulation Angela Gage 27 Our universe was yours Head of B2B & Marketing Jo Allen CERN opened its doors at the end of September Art director Andrew Giaquinto to more than 70,000 visitors. How to submit Advertising Tel +44 (0)117 930 1026 (for UK/Europe display advertising) 31 Testing times for relativity or +44 (0)117 930 1164 (for recruitment advertising); E-mail: [email protected]; fax +44 (0)117 930 1178 A meeting in Indiana reviewed tests of Lorentz and CPT symmetries. Visit www.ptep.oxfordjournals.org for Instructions to authors or email the editorial offi ce ([email protected]) with any General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] 33 Micropattern-detector experts meet in Zaragoza pre-submission inquiries. In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, Latest research developments in the technology of MPGDs. PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China E-mail: [email protected] Germany Antje Brandes, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany 37 F ACES &P LACES E-mail: [email protected] Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, The publication of this journal is supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for the Rome, Italy 46 R ECRUITMENT Publication of Scientifi c Research Results from the Japan Society for the Promotion E-mail: [email protected] UK Mark Wells, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Polaris House, North Star of Science, Japan. Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1SZ 52 B OOKSHELF E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US Fax 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] 54 I NSIDE S TORY POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, St Charles, IL 60174, US I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 9 N OVEMBER 2 0 1 3 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Tel +41 (0) 22 767 61 11. Telefax +41 (0) 22 767 65 55 Catching the plasma wakefi eld Printed by Warners (Midlands) plc, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK © 2013 CERN ISSN 0304-288X On the cover: Simulation of SLAC’s plasma-wakefi eld accelerator experiment, which demonstrated energy doubling of 42 GeV electrons in less than 1 m. Three articles in this issue look at progress in this fi eld (p13), a project for proton-driven CERN FERMILAB AEROSOL More than 70,000 Neutrinos head plasma wakefi eld acceleration (p17) and a possible new laser driver (p21). (Image visitors come to off again to FORMATION 2013 Open Days Minnesota Important results p27 p5 from CLOUD p6 credit: F Tsung, UCLA. ) 3 PTEP CernCourier ad repro.indd 1 02/10/2013 11:54 CERNCOURIER www. V OLUME 5 3 N UMBER 9 N OMBERV E 2 0 1 3 CERN Courier Month 2013 Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (PTEP) is an online-only Contents fully open access journal. Formerly entitled Progress of Theoretical Physics, it has published many signifi cant articles in theoretical physics, including several papers Covering current developments in high-energy that have led to the Nobel Prize. In 2012, the journal expanded its physics and related fi elds worldwide scope to incorporate experimental physics on an equal footing with CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories theoretical physics. affi liated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for CERNCOURIER January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. Visit www.ipap.jp/highlights/ptp.html to view some Editor Christine
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